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<li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/uscode/text/15/chapter-41/subchapter-III">SUBCHAPTER III</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item breadcrumb-last">§ 1681u</li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <main id="main" class="container-fluid"> <div id="content" class="col-sm-8"> <div class="pagewrapper"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div title="Definitions Frame"></div> <small id="titleHelp" class="form-text">Quick search by citation:</small> <form class="form-inline"> <div class="form-group mb-2"> <label for="titleinput">Title</label> <input type="number" name="quicksearch" class="form-control" id="titleinput" aria-describedby="titleHelp" placeholder="enter title" title="US Code Title number" type="number" value=""> </div> <div class="form-group mx-sm-3 mb-2"> <label for="sectioninput">Section</label> <input type="text" name="quicksearch" class="form-control" id="sectioninput" pattern="[A-Za-z0-9]+" placeholder="section" title="US Code Section number" value=""> </div> <button type="submit" onclick="return redirectMe();" class="btn btn-primary">Go!</button> </form> <h1 class="title" id="page_title"> 15 U.S. Code § 1681u - Disclosures to FBI for counterintelligence purposes </h1> <div class="tabbable-panel"> <div class="tabbable-line"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs "> <li class="active"> <a data-toggle="tab" href="#tab_default_1"> U.S. Code </a> </li> <li> <a data-toggle="tab" href="#tab_default_2"> Notes </a> </li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div id="prevnext"> <a href="/uscode/text/15/1681t" title=" Relation to State laws">prev</a> | <a href="/uscode/text/15/1681v" title=" Disclosures to governmental agencies for counterterrorism purposes">next</a> </div> <div class="tab-pane active" id="tab_default_1">  <text><div class="text"> <div class="section"> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="a"></a><span class="num bold" value="a">(a)</span><span class="heading bold"> Identity of financial institutions</span> <div class="content"> <p>Notwithstanding <a href="/uscode/text/15/1681b">section 1681b of this title</a> or any other provision of this subchapter, a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer reporting agency </a>shall furnish to the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> the names and addresses of all<a aria-label="Definitions - financial institutions " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-1922911-1480692913&term_occur=999&term_src="> financial institutions </a>(as that term is defined in <a href="/uscode/text/12/3401">section 3401 of title 12</a>) at which a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>maintains or has maintained an<a aria-label="Definitions - account," class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-1177318867-1343161823&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> account,</a> to the extent that information is in the<a aria-label="Definitions - files " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-3143036-644972388&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> files </a>of the agency, when presented with a written request for that information that includes a term that specifically identifies a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>or<a aria-label="Definitions - account " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-1177318867-1343161823&term_occur=999&term_src="> account </a>to be used as the basis for the production of that information, signed by the Director of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="2" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span>, or the Director’s designee in a position not lower than Deputy Assistant Director at<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge of a<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>field office designated by the Director, which certifies compliance with this section. The Director or the Director’s designee may make such a certification only if the Director or the Director’s designee has determined in writing, that such information is sought for the conduct of an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities, provided that such an investigation of a United States<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>is not conducted solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United<a aria-label="Definitions - States." class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src="> States.</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="b"></a><span class="num bold" value="b">(b)</span><span class="heading bold"> Identifying information</span> <div class="content"> <p>Notwithstanding the provisions of <a href="/uscode/text/15/1681b">section 1681b of this title</a> or any other provision of this subchapter, a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer reporting agency </a>shall furnish identifying information respecting a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer," class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> consumer,</a> limited to name, address, former addresses, places of employment, or former places of employment, to the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="3" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> when presented with a written request that includes a term that specifically identifies a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>or<a aria-label="Definitions - account " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-1177318867-1343161823&term_occur=999&term_src="> account </a>to be used as the basis for the production of that information, signed by the Director or the Director’s designee in a position not lower than Deputy Assistant Director at<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge of a<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>field office designated by the Director, which certifies compliance with this subsection. The Director or the Director’s designee may make such a certification only if the Director or the Director’s designee has determined in writing that such information is sought for the conduct of an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities, provided that such an investigation of a United States<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>is not conducted solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United<a aria-label="Definitions - States." class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src="> States.</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="c"></a><span class="num bold" value="c">(c)</span><span class="heading bold"> Court order for disclosure of consumer reports</span> <div class="content"> <p>Notwithstanding <a href="/uscode/text/15/1681b">section 1681b of this title</a> or any other provision of this subchapter, if requested in writing by the Director of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="4" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span>, or a designee of the Director in a position not lower than Deputy Assistant Director at<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge in a<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>field office designated by the Director, a court may issue an order ex parte, which shall include a term that specifically identifies a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>or<a aria-label="Definitions - account " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-1177318867-1343161823&term_occur=999&term_src="> account </a>to be used as the basis for the production of the information, directing a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer reporting agency </a>to furnish a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer report " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer report </a>to the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="5" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span>, upon a showing in camera that the<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer report " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer report </a>is sought for the conduct of an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities, provided that such an investigation of a United States<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>is not conducted solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United<a aria-label="Definitions - States." class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src="> States.</a> The terms of an order issued under this subsection shall not disclose that the order is issued for purposes of a counterintelligence investigation.</p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="d"></a><span class="num bold" value="d">(d)</span><span class="heading bold"> Prohibition of certain disclosure</span> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="d_1"></a><span class="num bold" value="1">(1)</span><span class="heading bold"> Prohibition</span> <div class="subparagraph indent4 firstIndent-2"><a name="d_1_A"></a><span class="num bold" value="A">(A)</span><span class="heading bold"> In general</span> <div class="content"> <p>If a certification is issued under subparagraph (B) and notice of the right to judicial review under subsection (e) is provided, no <a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">consumer reporting agency</a> that receives a request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, shall disclose or specify in any<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer report," class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> consumer report,</a> that the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="6" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> has sought or obtained access to information or<a aria-label="Definitions - records " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-934908847-644970923&term_occur=999&term_src="> records </a>under subsection (a), (b), or (c).</p> </div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent4 firstIndent-2"><a name="d_1_B"></a><span class="num bold" value="B">(B)</span><span class="heading bold"> Certification</span><span class="chapeau indent2">The requirements of subparagraph (A) shall apply if the Director of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="7" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span>, or a designee of the Director whose rank shall be no lower than Deputy Assistant Director at<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge of a<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>field office, certifies that the absence of a prohibition of disclosure under this subsection may result in—</span> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="d_1_B_i"></a><span class="num" value="i">(i)</span> <div class="content"> a danger to the national security of the United <a aria-label="Definitions - States" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">States</a>;</div> </div> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="d_1_B_ii"></a><span class="num" value="ii">(ii)</span> <div class="content"> interference with a criminal, counterterrorism, or counterintelligence investigation;</div> </div> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="d_1_B_iii"></a><span class="num" value="iii">(iii)</span> <div class="content"> interference with diplomatic relations; or</div> </div> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="d_1_B_iv"></a><span class="num" value="iv">(iv)</span> <div class="content"> danger to the life or physical safety of any <a aria-label="Definitions - person" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">person</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="d_2"></a><span class="num bold" value="2">(2)</span><span class="heading bold"> Exception</span> <div class="subparagraph indent4 firstIndent-2"><a name="d_2_A"></a><span class="num bold" value="A">(A)</span><span class="heading bold"> In general</span><span class="chapeau indent2">A <a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">consumer reporting agency</a> that receives a request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c), or officer, employee, or agent thereof, may disclose information otherwise subject to any applicable nondisclosure requirement to—</span> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="d_2_A_i"></a><span class="num" value="i">(i)</span> <div class="content"> those <a aria-label="Definitions - persons" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">persons</a> to whom disclosure is necessary in order to comply with the request;</div> </div> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="d_2_A_ii"></a><span class="num" value="ii">(ii)</span> <div class="content"> an attorney in order to obtain legal advice or assistance regarding the request; or</div> </div> <div class="clause indent3"><a name="d_2_A_iii"></a><span class="num" value="iii">(iii)</span> <div class="content"> other <a aria-label="Definitions - persons" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">persons</a> as permitted by the Director of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="8" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> or the designee of the Director.</div> </div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent4 firstIndent-2"><a name="d_2_B"></a><span class="num bold" value="B">(B)</span><span class="heading bold"> Application</span> <div class="content"> <p>A <a aria-label="Definitions - person" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">person</a> to whom disclosure is made under subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the nondisclosure requirements applicable to a <a aria-label="Definitions - person" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">person</a> to whom a request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c) is issued in the same manner as the <a aria-label="Definitions - person" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">person</a> to whom the request is issued.</p> </div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent4 firstIndent-2"><a name="d_2_C"></a><span class="num bold" value="C">(C)</span><span class="heading bold"> Notice</span> <div class="content"> <p>Any recipient that discloses to a <a aria-label="Definitions - person" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">person</a> described in subparagraph (A) information otherwise subject to a nondisclosure requirement shall inform the <a aria-label="Definitions - person" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">person</a> of the applicable nondisclosure requirement.</p> </div> </div> <div class="subparagraph indent4 firstIndent-2"><a name="d_2_D"></a><span class="num bold" value="D">(D)</span><span class="heading bold"> Identification of disclosure recipients</span> <div class="content"> <p>At the request of the Director of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="9" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> or the designee of the Director, any<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>making or intending to make a disclosure under clause (i) or (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall identify to the Director or such designee the<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>to whom such disclosure will be made or to whom such disclosure was made prior to the request.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="e"></a><span class="num bold" value="e">(e)</span><span class="heading bold"> Judicial review</span> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="e_1"></a><span class="num bold" value="1">(1)</span><span class="heading bold"> In general</span> <div class="content"> <p>A request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c) or a non-disclosure requirement imposed in connection with such request under subsection (d) shall be subject to judicial review under <a href="/uscode/text/18/3511">section 3511 of title 18</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent3 firstIndent-2"><a name="e_2"></a><span class="num bold" value="2">(2)</span><span class="heading bold"> Notice</span> <div class="content"> <p>A request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c) shall include notice of the availability of judicial review described in paragraph (1).</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="f"></a><span class="num bold" value="f">(f)</span><span class="heading bold"> Payment of fees</span> <div class="content"> <p>The <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="10" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, pay to the<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer reporting agency </a>assembling or providing report or information in accordance with procedures established under this section a fee for reimbursement for such costs as are reasonably necessary and which have been directly incurred in searching, reproducing, or transporting books, papers,<a aria-label="Definitions - records," class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-934908847-644970923&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> records,</a> or other data required or requested to be produced under this section.</p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="g"></a><span class="num bold" value="g">(g)</span><span class="heading bold"> Limit on dissemination</span> <div class="content"> <p>The <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="11" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> may not disseminate information obtained pursuant to this section outside of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="12" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span>, except to other Federal agencies as may be necessary for the approval or conduct of a foreign counterintelligence investigation, or, where the information concerns a<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>subject to the <a href="/topn/articles_for_the_government_of_the_navy">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a>, to appropriate investigative authorities within the military department concerned as may be necessary for the conduct of a joint foreign counterintelligence investigation.</p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="h"></a><span class="num bold" value="h">(h)</span><span class="heading bold"> Rules of construction</span> <div class="content"> <p>Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit information from being furnished by the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="13" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> pursuant to a subpoena or court order, in connection with a judicial or administrative proceeding to enforce the provisions of this subchapter. Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize or permit the withholding of information from the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="i"></a><span class="num bold" value="i">(i)</span><span class="heading bold"> Reports to <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" markup="no-show" occur="2" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span></span> <div class="paragraph indent0"><a name="i_1"></a><span class="num" value="1">(1)</span> <div class="content"> On a semiannual basis, the Attorney General shall fully inform the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_house_of_representatives" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">House of Representatives</span>, and the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_senate" occur="1" src="named_federal_agencies">Senate</span> concerning all requests made pursuant to subsections (a), (b), and (c).</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent0"><a name="i_2"></a><span class="num" value="2">(2)</span> <div class="content"> In the case of the semiannual reports required to be submitted under paragraph (1) to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_house_of_representatives" occur="2" src="named_federal_agencies">House of Representatives</span> and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_senate" occur="2" src="named_federal_agencies">Senate</span>, the submittal dates for such reports shall be as provided in <a href="/uscode/text/50/3106">section 3106 of title 50</a>.</div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="j"></a><span class="num bold" value="j">(j)</span><span class="heading bold"> Damages</span><span class="chapeau indent0">Any agency or department of the United <a aria-label="Definitions - States" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">States</a> obtaining or disclosing any <a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reports" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">consumer reports</a>,<a aria-label="Definitions - records," class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-934908847-644970923&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> records,</a> or information contained therein in violation of this section is liable to the<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>to whom such <a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reports" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">consumer reports</a>,<a aria-label="Definitions - records," class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-934908847-644970923&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> records,</a> or information relate in an amount equal to the sum of—</span> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="j_1"></a><span class="num" value="1">(1)</span> <div class="content"> $100, without regard to the volume of <a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reports" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">consumer reports</a>,<a aria-label="Definitions - records," class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-934908847-644970923&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> records,</a> or information involved;</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="j_2"></a><span class="num" value="2">(2)</span> <div class="content"> any actual damages sustained by the <a aria-label="Definitions - consumer" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">consumer</a> as a result of the disclosure;</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="j_3"></a><span class="num" value="3">(3)</span> <div class="content"> if the violation is found to have been willful or intentional, such punitive damages as a court may allow; and</div> </div> <div class="paragraph indent1"><a name="j_4"></a><span class="num" value="4">(4)</span> <div class="content"> in the case of any successful action to enforce liability under this subsection, the costs of the action, together with reasonable attorney fees, as determined by the court.</div> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="k"></a><span class="num bold" value="k">(k)</span><span class="heading bold"> Disciplinary actions for violations</span> <div class="content"> <p>If a court determines that any agency or department of the United <a aria-label="Definitions - States" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">States</a> has violated any provision of this section and the court finds that the circumstances surrounding the violation raise questions of whether or not an officer or employee of the agency or department acted willfully or intentionally with respect to the violation, the agency or department shall promptly initiate a proceeding to determine whether or not disciplinary action is warranted against the officer or employee who was responsible for the violation.</p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="l"></a><span class="num bold" value="l">(l)</span><span class="heading bold"> Good-faith exception</span> <div class="content"> <p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, any <a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency" class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u">consumer reporting agency</a> or agent or employee thereof making disclosure of<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reports " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> consumer reports </a>or identifying information pursuant to this subsection in good-faith reliance upon a certification of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="14" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> pursuant to provisions of this section shall not be liable to any<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>for such disclosure under this subchapter, the constitution of any<a aria-label="Definitions - State," class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> State,</a> or any law or regulation of any<a aria-label="Definitions - State " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> State </a>or any political subdivision of any<a aria-label="Definitions - State." class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src=title:15:chapter:41:subchapter:III:section:1681u"> State.</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="m"></a><span class="num bold" value="m">(m)</span><span class="heading bold"> Limitation of remedies</span> <div class="content"> <p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, the remedies and sanctions set forth in this section shall be the only judicial remedies and sanctions for violation of this section.</p> </div> </div> <div class="subsection indent2 firstIndent-2"><a name="n"></a><span class="num bold" value="n">(n)</span><span class="heading bold"> Injunctive relief</span> <div class="content"> <p>In addition to any other remedy contained in this section, injunctive relief shall be available to require compliance with the procedures of this section. In the event of any successful action under this subsection, costs together with reasonable attorney fees, as determined by the court, may be recovered.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sourceCredit">(<a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._90-321">Pub. L. 90–321, title VI, § 626</a>, formerly § 624, as added <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._104-93">Pub. L. 104–93, title VI, § 601(a)</a>, <span class="date" date="1996-01-06">Jan. 6, 1996</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/109_Stat._974">109 Stat. 974</a>; renumbered § 625 and amended <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">Pub. L. 107–56, title III, § 358(g)(1)(A)</a>, title V, § 505(c), <span class="date" date="2001-10-26">Oct. 26, 2001</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/115_Stat._327">115 Stat. 327</a>, 366; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-306">Pub. L. 107–306, title VIII, § 811(b)(8)(B)</a>, <span class="date" date="2002-11-27">Nov. 27, 2002</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/116_Stat._2426">116 Stat. 2426</a>; renumbered § 626, <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._108-159">Pub. L. 108–159, title II, § 214(a)(1)</a>, <span class="date" date="2003-12-04">Dec. 4, 2003</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/117_Stat._1980">117 Stat. 1980</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._109-177">Pub. L. 109–177, title I, § 116(b)</a>, <span class="date" date="2006-03-09">Mar. 9, 2006</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/120_Stat._214">120 Stat. 214</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._109-178">Pub. L. 109–178, § 4(c)(1)</a>, <span class="date" date="2006-03-09">Mar. 9, 2006</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/120_Stat._280">120 Stat. 280</a>; <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._114-23">Pub. L. 114–23, title V</a>, §§ 501(c), 502(c), 503(c), <span class="date" date="2015-06-02">June 2, 2015</span>, <a href="/rio/citation/129_Stat._282">129 Stat. 282</a>, 285, 290.)</div> </div> </div></text> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="tab_default_2">  <notes><div class="notes"> </div><div class="notes"> <div class="note" topic="editorialNotes"><span class="heading centered"><strong>Editorial Notes</strong></span></div> <div class="note" topic="referencesInText"> <span class="heading centered smallCaps">References in Text</span> <p>This subchapter, referred to in subsec. (h), was in the original, “this Act” and was translated as reading “this title”, meaning title VI of <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._90-321">Pub. L. 90–321</a>, known as the <a href="/topn/fair_credit_reporting_act">Fair Credit Reporting Act</a>, to reflect the probable intent of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="3" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span>.</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="priorProvisions"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Prior Provisions</span> <p>A prior <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._90-321">section 626 of Pub. L. 90–321</a> was renumbered section 627 and is classified to <a href="/uscode/text/15/1681v">section 1681v of this title</a>.</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="amendments"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Amendments</span> <p>2015—Subsec. (a). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._114-23">Pub. L. 114–23, § 501(c)(1)</a>, substituted “that information that includes a term that specifically identifies a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>or<a aria-label="Definitions - account " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-1177318867-1343161823&term_occur=999&term_src="> account </a>to be used as the basis for the production of that information,” for “that information,”.</p> <p>Subsec. (b). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._114-23">Pub. L. 114–23, § 501(c)(2)</a>, substituted “written request that includes a term that specifically identifies a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>or<a aria-label="Definitions - account " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-1177318867-1343161823&term_occur=999&term_src="> account </a>to be used as the basis for the production of that information,” for “written request,”.</p> <p>Subsec. (c). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._114-23">Pub. L. 114–23, § 501(c)(3)</a>, inserted “, which shall include a term that specifically identifies a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>or<a aria-label="Definitions - account " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-1177318867-1343161823&term_occur=999&term_src="> account </a>to be used as the basis for the production of the information,” after “issue an order ex parte”.</p> <p>Subsec. (d). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._114-23">Pub. L. 114–23, § 502(c)</a>, added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which related to confidentiality.</p> <p>Subsecs. (e) to (n). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._114-23">Pub. L. 114–23, § 503(c)</a>, added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsecs. (e) to (m) as (f) to (n), respectively.</p> <p>2006—Subsec. (d). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._109-177">Pub. L. 109–177</a> reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “No<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer reporting agency </a>or officer, employee, or agent of a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer reporting agency </a>shall disclose to any<a aria-label="Definitions - person," class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person,</a> other than those officers, employees, or agents of a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer reporting agency </a>necessary to fulfill the requirement to disclose information to the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="15" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> under this section, that the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="16" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> has sought or obtained the identity of<a aria-label="Definitions - financial institutions " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-1922911-1480692913&term_occur=999&term_src="> financial institutions </a>or a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer report " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer report </a>respecting any<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>under subsection (a), (b), or (c) of this section, and no<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer reporting agency </a>or officer, employee, or agent of a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer reporting agency " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-648284895-644972389&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer reporting agency </a>shall include in any<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer report " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer report </a>any information that would indicate that the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="17" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> has sought or obtained such information or a<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer report." class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer report.</a>”</p> <p>Subsec. (d)(4). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._109-178">Pub. L. 109–178</a> amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: “At the request of the Director of the <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/doj_federal_bureau_of_investigation" occur="18" src="named_federal_agencies">Federal Bureau of Investigation</span> or the designee of the Director, any<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>making or intending to make a disclosure under this section shall identify to the Director or such designee the<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>to whom such disclosure will be made or to whom such disclosure was made prior to the request, but in no circumstance shall a<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>be required to inform the Director or such designee that the<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>intends to consult an attorney to obtain legal advice or legal assistance.”</p> <p>2002—Subsec. (h). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-306">Pub. L. 107–306</a> designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).</p> <p>2001—<a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">Pub. L. 107–56, § 505(c)</a>, which directed amendment of section 624 of the <a href="/topn/fair_credit_reporting_act">Fair Credit Reporting Act</a>, was executed by making the amendment to this section to reflect the probable intent of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="4" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span> and the renumbering of section 624 as 625 by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">section 358(g)(1)(A) of Pub. L. 107–56</a>. See below.</p> <p>Subsec. (a). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">Pub. L. 107–56, § 505(c)(1)</a>, inserted “in a position not lower than Deputy Assistant Director at<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge of a<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>field office designated by the Director” after “Investigation, or the Director’s designee” and substituted “in writing, that such information is sought for the conduct of an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities, provided that such an investigation of a United States<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>is not conducted solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United<a aria-label="Definitions - States." class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src="> States.</a>” for pars. (1) and (2) requiring determination in writing that the information requested is necessary for the conduct of an authorized foreign counterintelligence investigation and that there are specific and articulable facts giving reason to believe that the<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>is a foreign power or a<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>who is not a United States<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>and is an official of a foreign power, or that the<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>is an agent of a foreign power and is engaging or has engaged in an act of international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities that involve or may involve a violation of criminal statutes of the United<a aria-label="Definitions - States." class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src="> States.</a></p> <p>Subsec. (b). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">Pub. L. 107–56, § 505(c)(2)</a>, inserted “in a position not lower than Deputy Assistant Director at<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge of a<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>field office designated by the Director” after “signed by the Director or the Director’s designee” and substituted “in writing that such information is sought for the conduct of an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities, provided that such an investigation of a United States<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>is not conducted solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United<a aria-label="Definitions - States." class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src="> States.</a>” for pars. (1) and (2) requiring determination in writing that the information requested is necessary to the conduct of an authorized counterintelligence investigation and that there is information giving reason to believe that the<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>has been, or is about to be, in contact with a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power.</p> <p>Subsec. (c). <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">Pub. L. 107–56, § 505(c)(3)</a>, inserted “in a position not lower than Deputy Assistant Director at<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge in a<a aria-label="Definitions - Bureau " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-2001072282-644972372&term_occur=999&term_src="> Bureau </a>field office designated by the Director” after “designee of the Director” and substituted “in camera that the<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer report " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer report </a>is sought for the conduct of an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities, provided that such an investigation of a United States<a aria-label="Definitions - person " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-991716523-644972393&term_occur=999&term_src="> person </a>is not conducted solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution of the United<a aria-label="Definitions - States." class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src="> States.</a>” for pars. (1) and (2) requiring a showing in camera that the<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer report " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer report </a>is necessary for the conduct of an authorized foreign counterintelligence investigation and there are specific and articulable facts giving reason to believe that the<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-567770122-644972392&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer </a>whose<a aria-label="Definitions - consumer report " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-700254050-1343175280&term_occur=999&term_src="> consumer report </a>is sought is an agent of a foreign power and is engaging or has engaged in an act of international terrorism or in clandestine intelligence activities that involve or may involve a violation of criminal statutes of the United<a aria-label="Definitions - States." class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-80204913-644972381&term_occur=999&term_src="> States.</a></p> </div> <div class="note" topic="statutoryNotes"><span class="heading centered"><strong>Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries</strong></span></div> <div class="note" topic="changeOfName"> <span class="heading centered smallCaps">Change of Name</span> <p>Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_house_of_representatives" occur="3" src="named_federal_agencies">House of Representatives</span> treated as referring to Committee on Banking and Financial Services of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_house_of_representatives" occur="4" src="named_federal_agencies">House of Representatives</span> by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._104-14">section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14</a>, set out as a note preceding <a href="/uscode/text/2/21">section 21 of Title 2</a>, The <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="5" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span>. Committee on Banking and Financial Services of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_house_of_representatives" occur="5" src="named_federal_agencies">House of Representatives</span> abolished and replaced by Committee on Financial Services of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_house_of_representatives" occur="6" src="named_federal_agencies">House of Representatives</span>, and jurisdiction over matters relating to securities and exchanges and insurance generally transferred from Committee on Energy and Commerce of <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/cong_house_of_representatives" occur="7" src="named_federal_agencies">House of Representatives</span> by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Seventh <span link="https://liicornell.org/liifedent/congress" occur="6" src="named_federal_agencies">Congress</span>, <span class="date" date="2001-01-03">Jan. 3, 2001</span>.</p> </div> <div class="note" topic="effectiveDateOfAmendment"><span class="heading centered smallCaps">Effective Date of 2001 Amendment</span> <p>Amendment by <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">section 358(g)(1)(A) of Pub. L. 107–56</a> applicable with respect to reports filed or<a aria-label="Definitions - records " class="colorbox-load definedterm" href="/definitions/uscode.php?width=840&height=800&iframe=true&def_id=15-USC-934908847-644970923&term_occur=999&term_src="> records </a>maintained on, before, or after <span class="date" date="2001-10-26">Oct. 26, 2001</span>, see <a href="/rio/citation/Pub._L._107-56">section 358(h) of Pub. L. 107–56</a>, set out as a note under <a href="/uscode/text/15/1829b">section 1829b of this Title</a> 12, Banks and Banking.</p> </div> </div></notes> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="page-bottom" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="region region-bottom"> <div id="block-liidfp-2" class="block block-liidfp first last odd"> <div class="gfs"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-bottom" data-google-query-id="CNH77Z7C7d8CFURLAQodp9oMpg"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-bottom'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <aside id="supersizeme" class="col-sm-4" aria-label="Sponsor Listings and Toolbox panel"> <div class="block" id="toolbox"> <h2 class="title toolbox"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-briefcase"></span> U.S. Code Toolbox </h2> <div class="clear-block wexlink"> <a href="/wex/wex_articles">Law about... 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