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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bathymetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bathymetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bathymetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bathymetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prehistoric_lake_levels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistoric_lake_levels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Prehistoric lake levels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistoric_lake_levels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_lake_level_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_lake_level_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Recent lake level change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_lake_level_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monster_myth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monster_myth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Monster myth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monster_myth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Armenian_kingdoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_kingdoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Armenian kingdoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_kingdoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Roman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Eastern Roman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Roman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seljuk_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seljuk_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Seljuk Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seljuk_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Ottoman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islands_and_nearby_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islands_and_nearby_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Islands and nearby lakes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Islands_and_nearby_lakes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Islands and nearby lakes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Islands_and_nearby_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nearby_Lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nearby_Lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Nearby Lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nearby_Lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Van</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بحيرة وان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بحيرة وان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5_%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B3" title="Վանայ լիճ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վանայ լիճ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llagu_de_Van" title="Llagu de Van – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llagu de Van" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_g%C3%B6l%C3%BC" title="Van gölü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Van gölü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6" title="ভান হ্রদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভান হ্রদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BB)" title="Ван (күл) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ван (күл)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Ван (возера) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ван (возера)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Ван (езеро) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ван (езеро)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_(jezero)" title="Van (jezero) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Van (jezero)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenn_Van" title="Lenn Van – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lenn Van" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llac_Van" title="Llac Van – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llac Van" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D3%B3%D0%BB%C4%95)" title="Ван (кӳлĕ) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ван (кӳлĕ)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Van_(lanaw_sa_Turkeya)" title="Lake Van (lanaw sa Turkeya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lake Van (lanaw sa Turkeya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vansk%C3%A9_jezero" title="Vanské jezero – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vanské jezero" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llyn_Van" title="Llyn Van – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llyn Van" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vans%C3%B8en" title="Vansøen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vansøen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vansee" title="Vansee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vansee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vani_j%C3%A4rv" title="Vani järv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vani järv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Λίμνη Βαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίμνη Βαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_de_Van" title="Lago de Van – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lago de Van" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_(lago)" title="Van (lago) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Van (lago)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_(aintzira)" title="Van (aintzira) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Van (aintzira)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دریاچه وان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریاچه وان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_de_Van" title="Lac de Van – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lac de Van" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_Van" title="Lago Van – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lago Van" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%ED%98%B8" title="반호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B3" title="Վանա լիճ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վանա լիճ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2" title="वान झील – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वान झील" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_(jezero)" title="Van (jezero) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Van (jezero)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danau_Van" title="Danau Van – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Danau Van" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_di_Van" title="Lago di Van – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lago di Van" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="ימת ואן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ימת ואן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ვანის ტბა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვანის ტბა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Ван көлі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ван көлі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziwa_Van" title="Ziwa Van – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ziwa Van" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gola_Wan%C3%AA" title="Gola Wanê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gola Wanê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF" title="Ван көлү – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ван көлү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsissa_palus" title="Arsissa palus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arsissa palus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanas_ezers" title="Vanas ezers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vanas ezers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vano_e%C5%BEeras" title="Vano ežeras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vano ežeras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van-t%C3%B3" title="Van-tó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Van-tó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Ван (езеро) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ван (езеро)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വാൻ തടാകം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാൻ തടാകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ვანიშ ტობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვანიშ ტობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasik_Van" title="Tasik Van – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tasik Van" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanmeer" title="Vanmeer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vanmeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E6%B9%96" title="ヴァン湖 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァン湖" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vansj%C3%B8en" title="Vansjøen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vansjøen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vansj%C3%B8en" title="Vansjøen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vansjøen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_de_Van" title="Lac de Van – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lac de Van" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Ван (ер) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ван (ер)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van" title="Van – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Van" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਲੇਕ ਵਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੇਕ ਵਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جھیل وان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جھیل وان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wan_(jezioro)" title="Wan (jezioro) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wan (jezioro)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_de_V%C3%A3" title="Lago de Vã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lago de Vã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_g%C3%B6l%C3%BC" title="Van gölü – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Van gölü" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacul_Van" title="Lacul Van – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lacul Van" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Ван (озеро) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ван (озеро)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Van" title="Lake Van – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lake Van" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vansk%C3%A9_jazero" title="Vanské jazero – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vanské jazero" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vansko_jezero" title="Vansko jezero – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vansko jezero" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دەریاچەی وان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەریاچەی وان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Ван (језеро) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ван (језеро)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_(jezero)" title="Van (jezero) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Van (jezero)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dano_Van" title="Dano Van – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Dano Van" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanj%C3%A4rvi_(Turkki)" title="Vanjärvi (Turkki) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vanjärvi (Turkki)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vansj%C3%B6n" title="Vansjön – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vansjön" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="வான் ஏரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வான் ஏரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ทะเลสาบวาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทะเลสาบวาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_G%C3%B6l%C3%BC" title="Van Gölü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Van Gölü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wan_k%C3%B6li" title="Wan köli – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Wan köli" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%82%D1%8B)" title="Ван (ты) – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ван (ты)" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Ван (озеро) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ван (озеро)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%84" title="وان جھیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وان جھیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%83%DB%86%D9%84%D9%89" title="ۋان كۆلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋان كۆلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Van" title="Hồ Van – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hồ Van" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lak_di_Van" title="Lak di Van – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lak di Van" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danaw_Van" title="Danaw Van – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Danaw Van" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E6%B9%96" title="凡湖 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="凡湖" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E6%B9%96" title="凡湖 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="凡湖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gol%C3%AA_Wani" title="Golê Wani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Golê Wani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E6%B9%96" title="凡湖 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="凡湖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Van&params=38_38_N_42_49_E_region:TR_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°38′N</span> <span class="longitude">42°49′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.633°N 42.817°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.633; 42.817</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Large salt lake in eastern Turkey</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Lake Van</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakevanlandsat.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lakevanlandsat.jpeg/264px-Lakevanlandsat.jpeg" decoding="async" width="264" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lakevanlandsat.jpeg/396px-Lakevanlandsat.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lakevanlandsat.jpeg/528px-Lakevanlandsat.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">From space, 2000</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lake Van is located in Turkey"><img alt="Lake Van is located in Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/256px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/384px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/512px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="677" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.243%;left:88.862%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lake Van"><img alt="Lake Van" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Lake Van</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_highlands" title="Armenian highlands">Armenian highlands</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Van&params=38_38_N_42_49_E_region:TR_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°38′N</span> <span class="longitude">42°49′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.633°N 42.817°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.633; 42.817</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Lake#Tectonic_lakes" title="Lake">Tectonic lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saline_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Saline lake">saline lake</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Inflow_(hydrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflow (hydrology)"><span title="Primary inflows: rivers, streams, precipitation">Primary inflows</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">Karasu, <a href="/wiki/Ho%C5%9Fap_River" title="Hoşap River">Hoşap</a>, Bendimahi, Zilan and Yeniköprü streams<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoskunMusaoğlu2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoskunMusaoğlu2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" title="Discharge (hydrology)"><span title="Primary outflows: rivers, streams, evaporation">Primary outflows</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">none</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Catchment area</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12,500 km<sup>2</sup> (4,800 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoskunMusaoğlu2004_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoskunMusaoğlu2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. length</th><td class="infobox-data">119 km (74 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">3,755 km<sup>2</sup> (1,450 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average depth</th><td class="infobox-data">171 m (561 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. depth</th><td class="infobox-data">451 m (1,480 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Water volume</th><td class="infobox-data">642.1 km<sup>3</sup> (154.0 cu mi)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shore length<sup>1</sup></th><td class="infobox-data">430 km (270 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">1,640 m (5,380 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_by_body_of_water" title="Category:Islands by body of water">Islands</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Akdamar_Island" title="Akdamar Island">Akdamar</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87arpanak_Island" title="Çarpanak Island">Çarpanak</a> (Ktuts), <a href="/wiki/Ad%C4%B1r_Island" title="Adır Island">Adır</a> (Lim), <a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%9F_Island" title="Kuş Island">Kuş</a> (Arter)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Van,_Turkey" title="Van, Turkey">Van</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatvan" title="Tatvan">Tatvan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahlat" title="Ahlat">Ahlat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adilcevaz" title="Adilcevaz">Adilcevaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erci%C5%9F" title="Erciş">Erciş</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff; border-top: 1px solid #cedeff"><sup>1</sup> Shore length is <a href="/wiki/Coastline_paradox" title="Coastline paradox">not a well-defined measure</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lake Van</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Van Gölü</i>; <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Վանա լիճ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Armenian-language romanization"><i lang="hy-Latn">Vana lič̣</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>: <i lang="ku" dir="rtl">Gola Wanê</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the largest lake in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lies in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Anatolia Region">Eastern Anatolia Region</a> of Turkey in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Van_Province" title="Van Province">Van</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bitlis_Province" title="Bitlis Province">Bitlis</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Salt_lake" title="Salt lake">saline</a> <a href="/wiki/Soda_lake" title="Soda lake">soda</a> lake, receiving water from many small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains. It is one of the world's few <a href="/wiki/Endorheic_lake" title="Endorheic lake">endorheic lakes</a> (a lake having no outlet) of size greater than 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) and has 38% of the country's surface water (including rivers). A volcanic eruption <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_dam" title="Volcanic dam">blocked</a> its original outlet in prehistoric times. It is situated at 1,640 m (5,380 ft) above sea level. Despite the high altitude and winter averages below 0 °C (32 °F), <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">high salinity</a> usually prevents it from freezing; the shallow northern section can freeze, but rarely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Lake_Van"1998_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Lake_Van"1998-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hydrology_and_chemistry">Hydrology and chemistry</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akhtamar_Island_on_Lake_Van_with_the_Armenian_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Akhtamar_Island_on_Lake_Van_with_the_Armenian_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross.jpg/200px-Akhtamar_Island_on_Lake_Van_with_the_Armenian_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Akhtamar_Island_on_Lake_Van_with_the_Armenian_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross.jpg/300px-Akhtamar_Island_on_Lake_Van_with_the_Armenian_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Akhtamar_Island_on_Lake_Van_with_the_Armenian_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross.jpg/400px-Akhtamar_Island_on_Lake_Van_with_the_Armenian_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="804" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Akdamar_Island" title="Akdamar Island">Akdamar</a> Island and the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross,_Aghtamar" title="Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar">Holy Cross Cathedral</a>, a 10th-century Armenian church and monastic complex. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Artos" title="Mount Artos">Mount Artos</a> (Mt. Çadır) is seen in the background.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lake Van is 119 kilometres (74 mi) across at its widest point. It averages 171 metres (561 ft) deep. Its greatest known depth is 451 metres (1,480 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surface lies 1,640 metres (5,380 ft) above sea level and the shore length is 430 kilometres (270 mi). It covers 3,755 km<sup>2</sup> (1,450 sq mi) and contains (has a volume of) 607 cubic kilometres (146 cu mi).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The western portion of the lake is deepest, with a large basin deeper than 400 m (1,300 ft) lying northeast of <a href="/wiki/Tatvan" title="Tatvan">Tatvan</a> and south of <a href="/wiki/Ahlat" title="Ahlat">Ahlat</a>. The eastern arms of the lake are shallower. The Van-Ahtamar portion shelves gradually, with a maximum depth of about 250 m (820 ft) on its northwest side where it joins the rest of the lake. The Erciş arm is much shallower, mostly less than 50 m (160 ft), with a maximum depth of about 150 m (490 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWongDegens1978_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWongDegens1978-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomonagaBrennwaldKipfer2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomonagaBrennwaldKipfer2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lake water is strongly <a href="/wiki/Alkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline">alkaline</a> (<a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> 9.7–9.8) and rich in <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a> and other salts. Some is extracted in <a href="/wiki/Salt_evaporation_pond" title="Salt evaporation pond">salt evaporation ponds</a> alongside, used in or as <a href="/wiki/Detergent" title="Detergent">detergents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarı2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarı2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:372px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:370px;"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 400px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakevanlandsat.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lakevanlandsat.jpeg/400px-Lakevanlandsat.jpeg" decoding="async" width="400" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lakevanlandsat.jpeg/600px-Lakevanlandsat.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lakevanlandsat.jpeg/800px-Lakevanlandsat.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:18px; top:48px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Akdo%C4%9Fan" title="Lake Akdoğan"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Akdoğan</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:98px; top:72px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ha%C3%A7l%C4%B1" title="Lake Haçlı"><span style="color: white;letter-spacing: 3px;">Haçlı</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:90px; top:100px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nazik" title="Lake Nazik"><span style="color: white;letter-spacing: 3px;">Nazik</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:86px; top:148px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nemrut" title="Lake Nemrut"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Nemrut</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:286px; top:136px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Er%C3%A7ek" title="Lake Erçek"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Erçek<br /><br /></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:146px; top:96px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Batm%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Lake Batmış"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 0.1px;">Batmış<br /><br /></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:108px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ayg%C4%B1r" title="Lake Aygır"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Aygır<br /><br /></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:290px; top:184px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Turna" title="Lake Turna"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Turna<br /><br /></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:106px; top:16px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Kaz" title="Lake Kaz"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Kaz<br /><br /></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:66px; top:4px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ah%C4%B1r" title="Lake Ahır"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Ahır<br /><br /></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:202px; top:116px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Arin" title="Lake Arin"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Sodalı<br /><br /></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:322px; top:48px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_H%C4%B1d%C4%B1rmente%C5%9F" title="Lake Hıdırmenteş"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Hıdırmenteş<br /><br /></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:334px; top:88px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_S%C3%BCphan" title="Lake Süphan"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Süphan<br /><br /></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:342px; top:180px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Akg%C3%B6l" title="Lake Akgöl"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Akgöl<br /><br /></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:294px; top:168px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_G%C3%B6velek" title="Lake Gövelek"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Gövelek<br /><br /></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:254px; top:12px"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Atar" title="Lake Atar"><span style="color: white; letter-spacing: 3px;">Atar<br /><br /></span></a></div> </div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Lakes near Lake Van.</div></div></div> <p>Lake Van is primarily a <a href="/wiki/Lake#Tectonic_lakes" title="Lake">tectonic lake</a>, formed more than 600,000 years ago by the gradual subsidence of a large block of the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a> due to movement on several major faults that run through this portion of Eastern Anatolia. The lake's southern margin demarcates: a metamorphic rock zone of the Bitlis Massif and volcanic strata of the <a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a> periods. The deep, western portion of the lake is an antidome basin in a tectonic depression. This was formed by <a href="/wiki/Normal_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Normal fault">normal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strike-slip_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike-slip fault">strike-slip</a> faulting and thrusting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETokerSengörFilizDemirbağ2017166_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETokerSengörFilizDemirbağ2017166-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lake's proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Karl%C4%B1ova_triple_junction" title="Karlıova triple junction">Karlıova triple junction</a> has led to molten fluids of the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a> accumulating in the strata beneath, still driving gradual change.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETokerSengörFilizDemirbağ2017166_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETokerSengörFilizDemirbağ2017166-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dominating the lake's northern shore is the <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcano</a> <a href="/wiki/Mount_S%C3%BCphan" title="Mount Süphan">Mount Süphan</a>. The broad crater of a second, dormant volcano, <a href="/wiki/Nemrut_(volcano)" title="Nemrut (volcano)">Mount Nemrut</a>, is close to the western tip of the lake. There is hydrothermal activity throughout the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETokerSengörFilizDemirbağ2017166_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETokerSengörFilizDemirbağ2017166-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For much of its history, until the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>, Lake Van has had an outlet towards the southwest (into the <a href="/wiki/Murat_River" title="Murat River">Murat River</a> and eventually into the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphrates river">Euphrates river</a>). However, the level of this threshold has varied over time, as the lake has been blocked by successive <a href="/wiki/Lava_flows" class="mw-redirect" title="Lava flows">lava flows</a> from <a href="/wiki/Nemrut_(volcano)" title="Nemrut (volcano)">Nemrut</a> volcano westward towards the <a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%9F_Plain" title="Muş Plain">Muş Plain</a>. This threshold has then been lowered at times by erosion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bathymetry">Bathymetry</h3></div> <p>The first acoustic survey of Lake Van was performed in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWongDegens1978_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWongDegens1978-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETokerSengörFilizDemirbağ2017167_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETokerSengörFilizDemirbağ2017167-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kempe and Degens later identified three physiographic provinces comprising the lake: </p> <ul><li>a lacustrine shelf (27% of the lake) from the shore to a clear gradient change</li> <li>a steeper lacustrine slope (63%)</li> <li>a deep, relatively flat basin province (10%) in the western center of the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKempeDegens1978_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKempeDegens1978-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The deepest part of the lake is the Tatvan basin, which is almost completely bounded by faults.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETokerSengörFilizDemirbağ2017167_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETokerSengörFilizDemirbağ2017167-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoric_lake_levels">Prehistoric lake levels</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_beach_lines_shown_on_section_of_north_rim_of_Sheikh_Ora_volcano_near_Tatvan_Felix_Oswald_Geology_of_Armenia_1906_p103f-b_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Old_beach_lines_shown_on_section_of_north_rim_of_Sheikh_Ora_volcano_near_Tatvan_Felix_Oswald_Geology_of_Armenia_1906_p103f-b_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Old_beach_lines_shown_on_section_of_north_rim_of_Sheikh_Ora_volcano_near_Tatvan_Felix_Oswald_Geology_of_Armenia_1906_p103f-b_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Old_beach_lines_shown_on_section_of_north_rim_of_Sheikh_Ora_volcano_near_Tatvan_Felix_Oswald_Geology_of_Armenia_1906_p103f-b_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Old_beach_lines_shown_on_section_of_north_rim_of_Sheikh_Ora_volcano_near_Tatvan_Felix_Oswald_Geology_of_Armenia_1906_p103f-b_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Old_beach_lines_shown_on_section_of_north_rim_of_Sheikh_Ora_volcano_near_Tatvan_Felix_Oswald_Geology_of_Armenia_1906_p103f-b_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Old_beach_lines_shown_on_section_of_north_rim_of_Sheikh_Ora_volcano_near_Tatvan_Felix_Oswald_Geology_of_Armenia_1906_p103f-b_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="621" /></a><figcaption>Section of north rim of the Sheikh Ora crater, showing old beach lines, drawn by Felix Oswald, 1906</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey,_Van_Lake_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Turkey%2C_Van_Lake_10.jpg/200px-Turkey%2C_Van_Lake_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Turkey%2C_Van_Lake_10.jpg/300px-Turkey%2C_Van_Lake_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Turkey%2C_Van_Lake_10.jpg/400px-Turkey%2C_Van_Lake_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6916" data-file-height="6003" /></a><figcaption>View of Lake Van from the air.</figcaption></figure> <p>Land terraces (remnant dry, upper banks from previous shorelines) above the present shore have long been recognized. On a visit in 1898, geologist <a href="/wiki/Felix_Leopold_Oswald" title="Felix Leopold Oswald">Felix Oswald</a> noted three raised beaches at 15, 50 and 100 feet (5, 15 and 30 meters) above the lake then, as well as recently drowned trees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOswald1906102–103_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOswald1906102–103-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research in the past century has identified many similar terraces, and the lake's level has fluctuated significantly during that time. </p><p>As the lake has no outlet, the level over recent millennia rests on inflow and evaporation. </p><p>The water level has vacillated greatly. Investigation by a team including Degens in the early 1980s determined that the highest lake levels (72 metres (236 ft) above the current height) had been during the last ice age, about 18,000 years ago. Approximately 9,500 years ago there was a dramatic drop to more than 300 metres (980 ft) below the present level. This was followed by an equally-dramatic rise around 6,500 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a deep lake with no outlet, Lake Van has accumulated great amounts of sediment washed in from surrounding plains and valleys, and occasionally deposited as ash from eruptions of nearby volcanoes. This layer of sediment is estimated to be up to 400 metres (1,300 ft) thick in places, and has attracted climatologists and vulcanologists interested in drilling cores to examine the layered sediments. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Van1_20_modified.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Van1_20_modified.jpg/220px-Van1_20_modified.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Van1_20_modified.jpg/330px-Van1_20_modified.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Van1_20_modified.jpg/440px-Van1_20_modified.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1605" data-file-height="1053" /></a><figcaption>The dormant volcano <a href="/wiki/Mount_Artos" title="Mount Artos">Mount Çadır</a> viewed from <a href="/wiki/Akdamar_Island" title="Akdamar Island">Akdamar Island</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1989 and 1990, an international team of geologists led by Stephan Kempe from the University of Hamburg<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> retrieved ten sediment cores from depths up to 446 m (1,463 ft). Although these cores only penetrated the first few meters of sediment, they provided sufficient <a href="/wiki/Varves" class="mw-redirect" title="Varves">varves</a> to give proxy climate data for up to 14,570 years <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandmannReimeraLemckeKempe1996_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandmannReimeraLemckeKempe1996-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A team of scientists headed by palaeontologist Professor Thomas Litt at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a> has applied for funding from the <a href="/wiki/International_Continental_Scientific_Drilling_Program" title="International Continental Scientific Drilling Program">International Continental Scientific Drilling Program</a> (ICDP) for an akin deeper-drilling project. This expects to find it "stores the climate history of the last 800,000 years—an incomparable treasure house of data which we want to tap for at least the last 500,000 years."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Bonn2007_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUniversity_of_Bonn2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A test drilling in 2004 detected evidence of 15 volcanic eruptions in the past 20,000 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_lake_level_change">Recent lake level change</h3></div> <p>Similar but smaller fluctuations have been seen recently. The level of the lake rose by at least 3 m (9.8 ft) during the 1990's, drowning much agricultural land, and (after a brief period of stability and then retreat) seems to be rising again. The level rose approximately 2 m (6.6 ft) in the 10 years immediately prior to 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoskunMusaoğlu2004_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoskunMusaoğlu2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in the early 2020s it fell.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2></div> <p>Lake Van is in the highest and largest <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Anatolia Region">region</a> of Turkey, which has a Mediterranean-influenced <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a>. Average temperatures in July are between 22 and 25 °C, and in January between −3 °C to −12 °C. On some cold winter nights the temperature has reached −30 °C. </p><p>The lake, particularly on its urban townscape shore, tempers the climate in the city of Van, where the average temperature in July is 22.5 °C, and in January −3.5 °C. The average annual rainfall in the basin ranges from 400 to 700 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-Матвеев_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Матвеев-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarren2006_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarren2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Van,_Turkey_from_STS-41G.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lake_Van%2C_Turkey_from_STS-41G.jpg/220px-Lake_Van%2C_Turkey_from_STS-41G.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lake_Van%2C_Turkey_from_STS-41G.jpg/330px-Lake_Van%2C_Turkey_from_STS-41G.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lake_Van%2C_Turkey_from_STS-41G.jpg/440px-Lake_Van%2C_Turkey_from_STS-41G.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Lake Van viewed from the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger" title="Space Shuttle Challenger">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i></a> during flight <a href="/wiki/STS-41-G" title="STS-41-G">STS-41-G</a>. Southwest is at top.</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to 2018, the only fish known to live in the <a href="/wiki/Brackish_water" title="Brackish water">brackish water</a> of Lake Van was <i><a href="/wiki/Alburnus_tarichi" title="Alburnus tarichi">Alburnus tarichi</a></i> or Pearl Mullet (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">inci kefali</i>), a <a href="/wiki/Cyprinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprinid">Cyprinid</a> fish related to <a href="/wiki/European_chub" class="mw-redirect" title="European chub">chub</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_Dace" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Dace">dace</a>, which is caught during the spring floods.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanulatKempe1992_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanulatKempe1992-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May and June, these fish migrate from the lake to less alkaline water, spawning either near the mouths of the rivers feeding the lake or in the rivers themselves. After spawning season it returns to the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarı2006_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarı2006-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, a new species of fish, which is deemed as <i><a href="/wiki/Oxynoemacheilus_ercisianus" title="Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus">Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus</a></i>, has been discovered inside a <a href="/wiki/Microbialite" title="Microbialite">microbialite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>103 species of <a href="/wiki/Phytoplankton" title="Phytoplankton">phytoplankton</a> have been recorded in the lake including <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flagellate" title="Flagellate">flagellates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diatom" title="Diatom">diatoms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_algae" title="Green algae">green algae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brown_algae" title="Brown algae">brown algae</a>. 36 species of <a href="/wiki/Zooplankton" title="Zooplankton">zooplankton</a> have also been recorded including <a href="/wiki/Rotatoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotatoria">Rotatoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cladocera" class="mw-redirect" title="Cladocera">Cladocera</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Copepoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Copepoda">Copepoda</a> in the lake.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, researchers reported the discovery of 40 m (130 ft) tall <a href="/wiki/Microbialites" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbialites">microbialites</a> in the lake. These are solid towers on the lake bed formed by coccoid <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Pleurocapsaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleurocapsaceae">Pleurocapsa</a></i> group), which create mats of <a href="/wiki/Aragonite" title="Aragonite">aragonite</a> that combine with <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a> precipitating out of the lake water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKempeKazmierczakLandmannKonuk1991_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKempeKazmierczakLandmannKonuk1991-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region hosts the rare <a href="/wiki/Van_cat" title="Van cat">Van cat</a> breed of cat, having – among other things – an unusual fascination with water. The lake is mainly surrounded by fruit orchards and <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">grain</a> fields, interspersed by some non-agricultural trees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monster_myth">Monster myth</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lake_Van_Monster" title="Lake Van Monster">Lake Van Monster</a></div> <p>According to legend, the lake hosts the mysterious <a href="/wiki/Lake_Van_Monster" title="Lake Van Monster">Lake Van Monster</a> that lurks below the surface, 30-to-40 ft (9-to-12 m) long with brown scaly skin, an elongated reptilian head and flippers. Apart from some inconclusive amateur photographs and videos, there has never been any evidence of it. The claimed profile resembles an extinct <a href="/wiki/Mosasaurus" title="Mosasaurus">mosasaurus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Basilosaurus" title="Basilosaurus">basilosaurus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Van_in_Maunsell%27s_map,_Pre-World_War_I_British_Ethnographical_Map_of_eastern_Turkey_in_Asia,_Syria_and_western_Persia_03.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lake_Van_in_Maunsell%27s_map%2C_Pre-World_War_I_British_Ethnographical_Map_of_eastern_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Syria_and_western_Persia_03.png/220px-Lake_Van_in_Maunsell%27s_map%2C_Pre-World_War_I_British_Ethnographical_Map_of_eastern_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Syria_and_western_Persia_03.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lake_Van_in_Maunsell%27s_map%2C_Pre-World_War_I_British_Ethnographical_Map_of_eastern_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Syria_and_western_Persia_03.png/330px-Lake_Van_in_Maunsell%27s_map%2C_Pre-World_War_I_British_Ethnographical_Map_of_eastern_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Syria_and_western_Persia_03.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Lake_Van_in_Maunsell%27s_map%2C_Pre-World_War_I_British_Ethnographical_Map_of_eastern_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Syria_and_western_Persia_03.png/440px-Lake_Van_in_Maunsell%27s_map%2C_Pre-World_War_I_British_Ethnographical_Map_of_eastern_Turkey_in_Asia%2C_Syria_and_western_Persia_03.png 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>1910 ethnographical map of Lake Van; dark green represents <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tushpa" title="Tushpa">Tushpa</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a>, near the shores, on the site of what became medieval Van's castle, west of present-day <a href="/wiki/Van,_Turkey" title="Van, Turkey">Van city</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECottrell1960488_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECottrell1960488-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruins of the medieval city of Van are still visible below the southern slopes of the rock on which <a href="/wiki/Van_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Castle">Van Castle</a> stands. </p><p>In 2017, archaeologists from <a href="/wiki/Van_Y%C3%BCz%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_Y%C4%B1l_University" title="Van Yüzüncü Yıl University">Van Yüzüncü Yil University</a> and a team of independent divers who were exploring Lake Van reported the discovery of a large underwater fortress spanning roughly one kilometer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibbens2017_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibbens2017-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The team estimates that this fortress was constructed during the Urartian period, based on their visual assessments. The archaeologists believe that the fortress, along with other parts of the ancient city that surrounded it at the time, had slowly become submerged over the millennia by the gradually rising lake.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAncient_castle_studied...2017_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAncient_castle_studied...2017-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_kingdoms">Armenian kingdoms</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_gravestones._Lake_Van.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Armenian_gravestones._Lake_Van.JPG/220px-Armenian_gravestones._Lake_Van.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Armenian_gravestones._Lake_Van.JPG/330px-Armenian_gravestones._Lake_Van.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Armenian_gravestones._Lake_Van.JPG/440px-Armenian_gravestones._Lake_Van.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> medieval <a href="/wiki/Khachkar" title="Khachkar">khachkar</a> near Lake Van</figcaption></figure> <p>The lake was the centre of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a> from about 1000 BC, afterwards of the <a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">Satrapy of Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Greater Armenia</a>, and the Armenian Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Vaspurakan" title="Vaspurakan">Vaspurakan</a>. </p><p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Lake_Sevan" title="Lake Sevan">Lake Sevan</a> in today's <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a> in today's <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, Van was one of the three great lakes of the Armenian Kingdom, referred to as <i>the seas of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></i> (in ancient Assyrian sources: "tâmtu ša mât Nairi" (Upper Sea of <a href="/wiki/Nairi" title="Nairi">Nairi</a>), the Lower Sea being <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbelingMeissner19972_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbelingMeissner19972-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, the lake was known by various Armenian names, including <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Վանա լիճ (Lake of Van), Վանա ծով (Sea of Van), Արճեշի ծով (Sea of Arčeš), Բզնունեաց ծով (Sea of Bznunik),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHewsen19979_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHewsen19979-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ռշտունեաց ծով (Sea of Rshtunik),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHewsen19979_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHewsen19979-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Տոսպայ լիճ (Lake of Tosp)</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Roman_Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</h3></div> <p>By the 11th century the lake was on the border between the <a href="/wiki/East_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="East Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a>, with its capital at <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Turko-Persian Seljuk Empire</a>, with its capital at <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>. In the uneasy peace between the two empires, local Armenian-Byzantine landowners employed <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen people">Turcoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Gazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazi">gazis</a> and Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Akritai" title="Akritai">akritai</a> for protection. The Greek-speaking Byzantines called the lake <i>Thospitis limne</i> (<a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Greek language">Medieval Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Θωσπῖτις λίμνη</span>). </p><p>In the second half of the 11th century Emperor <a href="/wiki/Romanus_IV_Diogenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanus IV Diogenes">Romanus IV Diogenes</a> launched a campaign to re-conquer Armenia and head off growing Seljuk control. Diogenes and his large army crossed the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> and confronted a much smaller Seljuk force led by <a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan" title="Alp Arslan">Alp Arslan</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert" title="Battle of Manzikert">Battle of Manzikert</a>, north of Lake Van on 26 August 1071. Despite their greater numbers, the cumbersome Byzantine force was defeated by the more mobile Turkish horsemen and Diogenes was captured. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seljuk_Empire">Seljuk Empire</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Narekavank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Narekavank.jpg/220px-Narekavank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Narekavank.jpg/330px-Narekavank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Narekavank.jpg/440px-Narekavank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>An early 20th century picture of the 10th century Armenian monastery of <a href="/wiki/Narekavank" title="Narekavank">Narekavank</a>, which once stood near the southeastern shore of the lake</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vue_du_lac_de_Van_du_ferry-boat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vue_du_lac_de_Van_du_ferry-boat.jpg/220px-Vue_du_lac_de_Van_du_ferry-boat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vue_du_lac_de_Van_du_ferry-boat.jpg/330px-Vue_du_lac_de_Van_du_ferry-boat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Vue_du_lac_de_Van_du_ferry-boat.jpg/440px-Vue_du_lac_de_Van_du_ferry-boat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1458" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption>View of the lake from aboard the <a href="/wiki/Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">train ferry</a> <i>Van</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_State_Railways" title="Turkish State Railways">Turkish State Railways</a> in 1987. In December 2015, the new generation of train ferries, the largest of their kind in Turkey, entered service in Lake Van.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMina2015_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMina2015-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Alp_Arslan" title="Alp Arslan">Alp Arslan</a> divided the conquered eastern portions of the Byzantine empire among his Turcoman generals, with each ruled as a hereditary <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">beylik</a>, under overall sovereignty of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq Empire">Seljuq Empire</a>. Alp Arslan gave the region around Lake Van to his commander <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6kmen_el-Kutb%C3%AE" title="Sökmen el-Kutbî">Sökmen el-Kutbî</a>, who set up his capital at Ahlat on the western side of the lake. The dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Shah-Armens" title="Shah-Armens">Shah-Armens</a>, also known as <i>Sökmenler</i>, ruled this area from 1085 to 1192. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ahlatshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahlatshah">Ahlatshahs</a> were succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid dynasty</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</h3></div> <p>Following the disintegration of the Seljuq-ruled <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a>, Lake Van and its surroundings were conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> Mongols, and later switched hands between the Ottoman Empire and <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Iran</a> until Sultan <a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a> took control for good. </p><p>Reports of the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Van_Monster" title="Lake Van Monster">Lake Van Monster</a> surfaced in the late 1800's and gained popularity. A news article was published by <i>Saadet Gazetesi</i> issue number 1323, dated 28 Shaban 1306 <a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijri year</a>, corresponding to 29 April 1889 during the reign of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2></div> <p>Near the <a href="/wiki/Van_Fortress" title="Van Fortress">Van Fortress</a> and the southern shore, on <a href="/wiki/Akdamar_Island" title="Akdamar Island">Akdamar Island</a> lies the 10th century <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross,_Aghtamar" title="Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar">Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Aghtamar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Սուրբ Խաչ</span>, Surb Khach), which served as a royal church to the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Vaspurakan" title="Vaspurakan">Vaspurakan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The ruins of Armenian monasteries also exist on the other three islands of Lake Van: <a href="/wiki/Ad%C4%B1r_Island" title="Adır Island">Lim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%9F_Island" title="Kuş Island">Arter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C3%87arpanak_Island" title="Çarpanak Island">Ktuts</a>. The area around Lake Van was also the home to a large number of Armenian monasteries, among the most prominent of these being the 10th century <a href="/wiki/Narekavank" title="Narekavank">Narekavank</a> and the 11th century <a href="/wiki/Varagavank" title="Varagavank">Varagavank</a>, the former now destroyed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Ahlatshahs left a large number of historic <a href="/wiki/Headstones" class="mw-redirect" title="Headstones">headstones</a> in and around the town of <a href="/wiki/Ahlat" title="Ahlat">Ahlat</a>. Local administrators are currently trying to have the tombstones included in <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a>, where they are currently listed tentatively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOktay2007_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOktay2007-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNESCOn.d._34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNESCOn.d.-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <p>The railway connecting Turkey and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> was built in the 1970's, sponsored by <a href="/wiki/CENTO" class="mw-redirect" title="CENTO">CENTO</a>. It uses a <a href="/wiki/Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">train ferry</a> (ferry for decanted passengers) across between the cities <a href="/wiki/Tatvan" title="Tatvan">Tatvan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Van,_Turkey" title="Van, Turkey">Van</a>, rather than building tracks around rugged terrain. This limits passenger capacity. In May 2008, talks started between Turkey and Iran to replace the ferry with a double-track electrified railway.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPA2007_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPA2007-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2015, the new generation of <a href="/wiki/Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">train ferries</a> operated by the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_State_Railways" title="Turkish State Railways">Turkish State Railways</a>, the largest of their kind in Turkey, entered service in Lake Van.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMina2015_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMina2015-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IOC_Offshore_Van_Grand_Prix_2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IOC_Offshore_Van_Grand_Prix_2010.JPG/220px-IOC_Offshore_Van_Grand_Prix_2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IOC_Offshore_Van_Grand_Prix_2010.JPG/330px-IOC_Offshore_Van_Grand_Prix_2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IOC_Offshore_Van_Grand_Prix_2010.JPG/440px-IOC_Offshore_Van_Grand_Prix_2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The 2010 UIM-IOC Van Grand Prix in Lake Van</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Van_Ferit_Melen_Airport" title="Van Ferit Melen Airport">Ferit Melen Airport</a> abuts <a href="/wiki/Van,_Turkey" title="Van, Turkey">Van</a>. <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/AnadoluJet" class="mw-redirect" title="AnadoluJet">AnadoluJet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Airlines" title="Pegasus Airlines">Pegasus Airlines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SunExpress" title="SunExpress">SunExpress</a> are the airlines which have regular flights. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <span class="anonymous-show"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3ALake_Van&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Protected+edit+request+on+24+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+fully-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Lake+Van">making an edit request</a></span></span><span class="user-show"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Van&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> </span>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lake Van occasionally hosts several <a href="/wiki/Water_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sports">water sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inshore_powerboat_racing" title="Inshore powerboat racing">inshore powerboat racing</a> events, such as the <a href="/wiki/Union_Internationale_Motonautique" title="Union Internationale Motonautique">UIM</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Offshore_Championship,_Turkey" title="World Offshore Championship, Turkey">World Offshore 225 Championship</a>'s IOC Van Grand Prix, and the Van Lake Festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islands_and_nearby_lakes">Islands and nearby lakes</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islands">Islands</h3></div> <p>The four main islands in Lake Van are <a href="/wiki/Ad%C4%B1r_Island" title="Adır Island">Adır</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akdamar_Island" title="Akdamar Island">Akdamar</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87arpanak_Island" title="Çarpanak Island">Çarpanak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%9F_Island" title="Kuş Island">Kuş</a> islands. Adır Island is the biggest Island in Lake Van. </p><p>Each island has Armenian religious structures: Lim Monastery (Adır Island), <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Cathedral of the Holy Cross">Holy Cross Cathedral</a> (Akdamar Island), <a href="/wiki/Ktuts_monastery" title="Ktuts monastery">Ktuts monastery</a> (Çarpanak Island) and a small monastery on Kuş Island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nearby_Lakes">Nearby Lakes</h3></div> <p>Large lakes near Lake Van are <a href="/wiki/Lake_Er%C3%A7ek" title="Lake Erçek">Lake Erçek</a> (16km), <a href="/wiki/Lake_Turna" title="Lake Turna">Lake Turna</a> (23km), <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nemrut" title="Lake Nemrut">Lake Nemrut</a> (12km), <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nazik" title="Lake Nazik">Lake Nazik</a> (16km), <a href="/wiki/Lake_Batm%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Lake Batmış">Lake Batmış</a> (10km), <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ayg%C4%B1r" title="Lake Aygır">Lake Aygır</a> (5km) and <a href="/wiki/Lake_S%C3%BCphan" title="Lake Süphan">Lake Süphan</a> (18km). Lake Erçek is by far the biggest, with an area of 106.2 square kilometres (41.0 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the second biggest <a href="/wiki/Van_Province" title="Van Province">Van Province</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Turkey" title="List of lakes of Turkey">List of lakes of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Ark</a> of <a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam#In_culture" title="Noah in Islam">Nuh</a> or <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Mount Judi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Later Professor at the Technische Universität Darmstadt</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoskunMusaoğlu2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoskunMusaoğlu2004_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoskunMusaoğlu2004_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoskunMusaoğlu2004_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoskunMusaoğlu2004">Coskun & Musaoğlu 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDegensWongKempeKurtman1984_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDegensWongKempeKurtman1984">Degens et al. 1984</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turkeyfromtheinside.com/?p=455">"Van Gölü – Turkey from the Inside"</a>. 28 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Van+G%C3%B6l%C3%BC+%E2%80%93+Turkey+from+the+Inside&rft.date=2024-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkeyfromtheinside.com%2F%3Fp%3D455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Van" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeiklejohn1895" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meiklejohn" title="John Meiklejohn">Meiklejohn, John Miller Dow</a> (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O-EU--rnpzQC&q=Armenian+Highlands+lake+van"><i>A New Geography on the Comparative Method, with Maps and Diagrams and an Outline of Commercial Geography</i></a> (14 ed.). A. M. Holden. p. 306.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Geography+on+the+Comparative+Method%2C+with+Maps+and+Diagrams+and+an+Outline+of+Commercial+Geography&rft.pages=306&rft.edition=14&rft.pub=A.+M.+Holden&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Meiklejohn&rft.aufirst=John+Miller+Dow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO-EU--rnpzQC%26q%3DArmenian%2BHighlands%2Blake%2Bvan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Van" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsonPappasPappas1994" class="citation book cs1">Olson, James S.; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas C. J., eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=New+fish+species+found+in+Turkey%27s+Lake+Van&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fnew-fish-species-found-in-turkeys-lake-van-138137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Van" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkkuşSarıEkmekçiYoğurtçuoğlu2021" class="citation journal cs1">Akkuş, Mustafa; Sarı, Mustafa; Ekmekçi, F. Güler; Yoğurtçuoğlu, Baran (16 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zse.pensoft.net/article/62120/">"The discovery of a microbialite-associated freshwater fish in the world's largest saline soda lake, Lake Van (Turkey)"</a>. <i>Zoosystematics and Evolution</i>. <b>97</b> (1): 181–189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fzse.97.62120">10.3897/zse.97.62120</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoosystematics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+a+microbialite-associated+freshwater+fish+in+the+world%27s+largest+saline+soda+lake%2C+Lake+Van+%28Turkey%29&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=181-189&rft.date=2021-03-16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3897%2Fzse.97.62120&rft.aulast=Akku%C5%9F&rft.aufirst=Mustafa&rft.au=Sar%C4%B1%2C+Mustafa&rft.au=Ekmek%C3%A7i%2C+F.+G%C3%BCler&rft.au=Yo%C4%9Furt%C3%A7uo%C4%9Flu%2C+Baran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzse.pensoft.net%2Farticle%2F62120%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Van" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Selçuk 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKempeKazmierczakLandmannKonuk1991-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKempeKazmierczakLandmannKonuk1991_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKempeKazmierczakLandmannKonuk1991">Kempe et al. 1991</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECottrell1960488-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECottrell1960488_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCottrell1960">Cottrell 1960</a>, p. 488.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibbens2017-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibbens2017_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGibbens2017">Gibbens 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAncient_castle_studied...2017-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAncient_castle_studied...2017_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAncient_castle_studied...2017">Ancient castle studied... 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbelingMeissner19972-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbelingMeissner19972_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEbelingMeissner1997">Ebeling & Meissner 1997</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHewsen19979-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHewsen19979_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHewsen19979_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHewsen1997">Hewsen 1997</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMina2015-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMina2015_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMina2015_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMina2015">Mina 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mynet.com/van-golu-canavari-gercek-mi-131-yil-once-osmanli-gazetesinde-manset-olmus-110106500572">Van Gölü canavarı gerçek mi? 131 yıl önce Osmanlı gazetesinde manşet olmuş</a> mynet. 22 April 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOktay2007-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOktay2007_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOktay2007">Oktay 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNESCOn.d.-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNESCOn.d._34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUNESCOn.d.">UNESCO n.d</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAPA2007-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAPA2007_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAPA2007">APA 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/articles/the-geomorphology-kof-lae-erek-basin-and-the-formation-of-the-lake.pdf">"sosyalastirmalar.com geomorphology of Lake Ercek pdf"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1978), "The bathymetry of Lake Van, eastern Turkey", <i>Geology of Lake Van</i>, Ankara: General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, pp. 6–10</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+bathymetry+of+Lake+Van%2C+eastern+Turkey&rft.btitle=Geology+of+Lake+Van&rft.place=Ankara&rft.pages=6-10&rft.pub=General+Directorate+of+Mineral+Research+and+Exploration&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=H.K.&rft.au=Degens%2C+E.T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALake+Van" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lake_Van" title="Template:Lake Van"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lake_Van" title="Template talk:Lake Van"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lake_Van" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lake Van"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lake_Van" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lake Van</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%9F_Island" title="Kuş Island">Kuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C4%B1r_Island" title="Adır Island">Adır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akdamar_Island" title="Akdamar Island">Akdamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87arpanak_Island" title="Çarpanak Island">Çarpanak</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakevanlandsat.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lakevanlandsat.jpeg/100px-Lakevanlandsat.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lakevanlandsat.jpeg/150px-Lakevanlandsat.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lakevanlandsat.jpeg/200px-Lakevanlandsat.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Van,_Turkey" title="Van, Turkey">Van</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erci%C5%9F" title="Erciş">Erciş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatvan" title="Tatvan">Tatvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlat" title="Ahlat">Ahlat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adilcevaz" title="Adilcevaz">Adilcevaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighboring lakes and dams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nemrut" title="Lake Nemrut">Nemrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nazik" title="Lake Nazik">Nazik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Er%C3%A7ek" title="Lake Erçek">Erçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Arin" title="Lake Arin">Arin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7k%C3%B6pr%C3%BC_Dam" title="Koçköprü Dam">Koçköprü Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/48px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/64px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkey" title="Category:Turkey">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Lakes_of_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lakes_of_Turkey" title="Template:Lakes of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lakes_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Lakes of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lakes_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lakes of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Lakes_of_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Turkey" title="List of lakes of Turkey">Lakes of Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Abant_Nature_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Abant Nature Park">Abant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ac%C4%B1g%C3%B6l" title="Lake Acıgöl">Acıgöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Akdo%C4%9Fan" title="Lake Akdoğan">Akdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ak%C5%9Fehir" title="Lake Akşehir">Akşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Akta%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Aktaş">Aktaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akyatan_Lagoon" title="Akyatan Lagoon">Akyatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Akyayan" title="Lake Akyayan">Akyayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ar%C4%B1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Arın">Arın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bafa" title="Lake Bafa">Bafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bal%C4%B1k" title="Lake Balık">Balık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beymelek_Lagoon" title="Beymelek Lagoon">Beymelek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bey%C5%9Fehir" title="Lake Beyşehir">Beyşehir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bolluk" title="Lake Bolluk">Bolluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Boraboy" title="Lake Boraboy">Boraboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Burdur" title="Lake Burdur">Burdur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk%C3%A7ekmece" title="Lake Büyükçekmece">Büyükçekmece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_%C3%87avu%C5%9F%C3%A7u" title="Lake Çavuşçu">Çavuşçu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_%C3%87%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r" title="Lake Çıldır">Çıldır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_%C3%87%C3%B6l" title="Lake Çöl">Çöl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Dil" title="Lake Dil">Dil (Karine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Durusu" title="Lake Durusu">Durusu (Terkos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_D%C3%BCden" title="Lake Düden">Düden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Eber" title="Lake Eber">Eber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_E%C4%9Firdir" title="Lake Eğirdir">Eğirdir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Er%C3%A7ek" title="Lake Erçek">Erçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Eymir" title="Lake Eymir">Eymir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ha%C3%A7l%C4%B1" title="Lake Haçlı">Haçlı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Hazar" title="Lake Hazar">Hazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_I%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1" title="Lake Işıklı">Işıklı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_%C4%B0znik" title="Lake İznik">İznik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Kad%C4%B1" title="Lake Kadı">Kadı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Karata%C5%9F" title="Lake Karataş">Karataş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Karam%C4%B1k" title="Lake Karamık">Karamık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C3%B6ren_Sinkhole" title="Kızören Sinkhole">Kızören</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_K%C3%B6m%C3%BC%C5%9Fini" title="Lake Kömüşini">Kömüşini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_K%C3%B6yce%C4%9Fiz" title="Lake Köyceğiz">Köyceğiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk%C3%A7ekmece" title="Lake Küçükçekmece">Küçükçekmece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ku%C5%9F" title="Lake Kuş">Manyas (Kuş)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Kuyucuk" title="Lake Kuyucuk">Kuyucuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Marmara" title="Lake Marmara">Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Meke" title="Lake Meke">Meke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mogan" title="Lake Mogan">Mogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nar" title="Lake Nar">Nar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nazik" title="Lake Nazik">Nazik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nemrut" title="Lake Nemrut">Nemrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Palas_Tuzla" title="Lake Palas Tuzla">Palas-Tuzla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradeniz" title="Paradeniz">Paradeniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Poyrazlar_Nature_Park" title="Lake Poyrazlar Nature Park">Poyrazlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Salda" title="Lake Salda">Salda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Sapanca" title="Lake Sapanca">Sapanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Seyfe" title="Lake Seyfe">Seyfe</a></li> <li>Sülüklü <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_S%C3%BCl%C3%BCkl%C3%BC_(Bolu)" title="Lake Sülüklü (Bolu)">Bolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_S%C3%BCl%C3%BCkl%C3%BC_(Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F)" title="Lake Sülüklü (Elazığ)">Elazığ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_S%C3%BCl%C3%BCkl%C3%BC_(Gaziantep)" title="Lake Sülüklü (Gaziantep)">Gaziantep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_S%C3%BCl%C3%BCkl%C3%BC_(U%C5%9Fak)" title="Lake Sülüklü (Uşak)">Uşak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_S%C3%BCnnet_Nature_Park" title="Lake Sünnet Nature Park">Sünnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tuz" title="Lake Tuz">Tuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tuzla" title="Lake Tuzla">Tuzla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Uluabat" title="Lake Uluabat">Ulubat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzung%C3%B6l" title="Uzungöl">Uzungöl</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Yar%C4%B1%C5%9Fl%C4%B1" title="Lake Yarışlı">Yarışlı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Yay" title="Lake Yay">Yay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yedig%C3%B6ller" class="mw-redirect" title="Yedigöller">Yedigöller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artificial lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhurian_Reservoir" title="Akhurian Reservoir">Akhurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt%C4%B1nkaya_Dam" title="Altınkaya Dam">Altınkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_Reservoir" title="Atatürk Reservoir">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berke_Dam" title="Berke Dam">Berke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirfanl%C4%B1_Dam" title="Hirfanlı Dam">Hirfanlı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakaya_Dam" title="Karakaya Dam">Karakaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karak%C4%B1z_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakız Lake">Karakız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keban_Dam" title="Keban Dam">Keban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lba%C4%9F_Pond" title="Kızılbağ Pond">Kızılbağ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar%C4%B1yar_Dam" title="Sarıyar Dam">Sarıyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyhan_Dam" title="Seyhan Dam">Seyhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Yeni%C5%9Fehir" title="Lake Yenişehir">Yenişehir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/16px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/24px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkey" title="Category:Turkey">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/16px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/24px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png/32px-Walden_Pond%2C_Massachusetts_on_June_27%2C_2012.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lakes" title="Portal:Lakes">Lakes portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126307#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126307#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126307#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/237712718">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4078735-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122366475">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122366475">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Van&oldid=1257091440">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake_Van&oldid=1257091440</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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7.92% 113.519 2 Template:Navbox"," 7.18% 102.860 5 Template:Cite_web"," 7.02% 100.542 1 Template:Lake_Van"," 6.93% 99.328 1 Template:Native_name_checker"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.888","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20139855,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Lake_Van\u0026quot;1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAPA2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAkkuşSarıEkmekçiYoğurtçuoğlu2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAncient_castle_studied...2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoskunMusaoğlu2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCottrell1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDanulatKempe1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDegensWongKempeKurtman1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbelingMeissner1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibbens2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHewsen1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKempeDegens1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKempeKazmierczakLandmannKonuk1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandmannReimeraLemckeKempe1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeiklejohn1895\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMina2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOktay2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlsonPappasPappas1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOswald1906\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarı2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarı2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTokerSengörFilizDemirbağ2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomonagaBrennwaldKipfer2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNESCOn.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUniversity_of_Bonn2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarren2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWongDegens1978\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 22,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 5,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 28,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 4,\n [\"Image frame\"] = 1,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox body of water\"] = 1,\n [\"Lake Van\"] = 1,\n [\"Lakes of Turkey\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 7,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 37,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Van lake map\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-f4sdx","timestamp":"20241124161621","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lake Van","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lake_Van","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q126307","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q126307","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-03-30T16:58:11Z","dateModified":"2024-11-13T05:08:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/82\/Lakevanlandsat.jpeg","headline":"largest lake in Turkey"}</script> </body> </html>