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id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Euri+azido" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Euri+azido" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Euri+azido" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Euri+azido" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definizioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definizioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definizioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definizioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sorrera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sorrera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sorrera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sorrera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nola_sortzen_da" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nola_sortzen_da"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nola sortzen da</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nola_sortzen_da-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Nola sortzen da azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nola_sortzen_da-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Naturaren_eragileak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naturaren_eragileak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Naturaren eragileak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naturaren_eragileak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gizakiaren_eragina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gizakiaren_eragina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Gizakiaren eragina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gizakiaren_eragina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prozesu_kimikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prozesu_kimikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Prozesu kimikoak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prozesu_kimikoak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Prozesu kimikoak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prozesu_kimikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gas_fase_kimika[3]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_fase_kimika[3]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Gas fase kimika<sup><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_fase_kimika[3]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimika_hodeien_presentzian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimika_hodeien_presentzian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Kimika hodeien presentzian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimika_hodeien_presentzian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hidrolisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrolisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Hidrolisia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrolisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oxidazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxidazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Oxidazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxidazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azido_nitrikoaren_arazoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azido_nitrikoaren_arazoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Azido nitrikoaren arazoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azido_nitrikoaren_arazoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ondorioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ondorioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ondorioak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ondorioak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Ondorioak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ondorioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gizakien_osasunean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gizakien_osasunean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Gizakien osasunean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gizakien_osasunean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ur_ekosisteman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ur_ekosisteman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Ur ekosisteman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ur_ekosisteman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arrainetan_duen_ondorioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrainetan_duen_ondorioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Arrainetan duen ondorioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrainetan_duen_ondorioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lur_ekosisteman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lur_ekosisteman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Lur ekosisteman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lur_ekosisteman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landareetan_duen_ondorioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landareetan_duen_ondorioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Landareetan duen ondorioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landareetan_duen_ondorioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lurrazalean_duen_ondorioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lurrazalean_duen_ondorioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2</span> <span>Lurrazalean duen ondorioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lurrazalean_duen_ondorioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eragindako_lekuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eragindako_lekuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Eragindako lekuak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eragindako_lekuak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Eragindako lekuak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eragindako_lekuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eraikuntzak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eraikuntzak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Eraikuntzak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eraikuntzak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konponbidea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konponbidea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Konponbidea</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Konponbidea-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Konponbidea azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Konponbidea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neurriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neurriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Neurriak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neurriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Euri azido</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 96 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurre%C3%ABn" title="Suurreën – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suurreën" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluya_acida" title="Pluya acida – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pluya acida" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6%D9%8A" title="مطر حمضي – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مطر حمضي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A3" title="এচিদ বৰষুণ – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এচিদ বৰষুণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua_%C3%A1cido" title="Agua ácido – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Agua ácido" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C5%9Fu_ya%C4%9F%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Turşu yağışı – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Turşu yağışı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Кіслотны дождж – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіслотны дождж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Кіслотны дождж – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кіслотны дождж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B4" title="Киселинен дъжд – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Киселинен дъжд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE" title="एसिड बरखा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एसिड बरखा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="অ্যাসিড বৃষ্টি – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাসিড বৃষ্টি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="སྐྱུར་ཆར། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྐྱུར་ཆར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisela_ki%C5%A1a" title="Kisela kiša – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kisela kiša" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluja_%C3%A0cida" title="Pluja àcida – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pluja àcida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترشەباران – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ترشەباران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kysel%C3%BD_d%C3%A9%C5%A1%C5%A5" title="Kyselý déšť – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyselý déšť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaw_asid" title="Glaw asid – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Glaw asid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syreregn" title="Syreregn – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Syreregn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saurer_Regen" title="Saurer Regen – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Saurer Regen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vart%C4%B1%C5%9Fo_asid%C3%AAn" title="Vartışo asidên – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Vartışo asidên" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अम्ल बर्षा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अम्ल बर्षा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE" title="Όξινη βροχή – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όξινη βροχή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Acid rain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acida_pluvo" title="Acida pluvo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Acida pluvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lluvia_%C3%A1cida" title="Lluvia ácida – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lluvia ácida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happesademed" title="Happesademed – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Happesademed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="باران اسیدی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باران اسیدی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happosade" title="Happosade – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Happosade" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluie_acide" title="Pluie acide – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pluie acide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1isteach_aig%C3%A9adach" title="Báisteach aigéadach – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Báisteach aigéadach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="酸雨" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choiva_%C3%A1cida" title="Choiva ácida – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Choiva ácida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A9%D7%9D_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%99" title="גשם חומצי – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גשם חומצי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अम्लीय वर्षा – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अम्लीय वर्षा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisele_ki%C5%A1e" title="Kisele kiše – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kisele kiše" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapli_asid" title="Lapli asid – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lapli asid" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savas_es%C5%91" title="Savas eső – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Savas eső" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A9%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B1%D6%80%D6%87" title="Թթվային անձրև – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թթվային անձրև" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluvia_acide" title="Pluvia acide – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pluvia acide" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan_asam" title="Hujan asam – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hujan asam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmiri_ozuzo_acid" title="Mmiri ozuzo acid – igboera" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmiri ozuzo acid" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igboera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acida_pluvo" title="Acida pluvo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Acida pluvo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BArt_regn" title="Súrt regn – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Súrt regn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioggia_acida" title="Pioggia acida – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pioggia acida" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E6%80%A7%E9%9B%A8" title="酸性雨 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酸性雨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udan_asam" title="Udan asam – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Udan asam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="მჟავური წვიმა – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მჟავური წვიმა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BD-%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Қышқыл жауын-шашын – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қышқыл жауын-шашын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86" title="ಆಮ್ಲ ಮಳೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಮ್ಲ ಮಳೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%84%B1%EB%B9%84" title="산성비 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산성비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кислоттук жаан – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кислоттук жаан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluvia_acida" title="Pluvia acida – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pluvia acida" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioeuva_acida" title="Pioeuva acida – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pioeuva acida" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABg%C5%A1tusis_lietus" title="Rūgštusis lietus – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rūgštusis lietus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C4%81bais_lietus" title="Skābais lietus – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skābais lietus" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan_asam" title="Hujan asam – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hujan asam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4" title="Кисел дожд – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кисел дожд" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B4" title="അമ്ലമഴ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമ്ലമഴ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Хүчиллэг бороо – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүчиллэг бороо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan_asid" title="Hujan asid – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hujan asid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="အက်စစ်မိုး – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်စစ်မိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अम्ल वर्षा – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अम्ल वर्षा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zure_regen" title="Zure regen – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zure regen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_nedb%C3%B8r" title="Sur nedbør – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sur nedbør" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_nedb%C3%B8r" title="Sur nedbør – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sur nedbør" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plueja_acida" title="Plueja acida – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Plueja acida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B3_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF" title="ଅମ୍ଳ ବୃଷ୍ଟି – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅମ୍ଳ ବୃଷ୍ଟି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤੇਜ਼ਾਬੀ ਵਰਖਾ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੇਜ਼ਾਬੀ ਵਰਖਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwa%C5%9Bny_deszcz" title="Kwaśny deszcz – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwaśny deszcz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تېزابي باران – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تېزابي باران" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuva_%C3%A1cida" title="Chuva ácida – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chuva ácida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploaie_acid%C4%83" title="Ploaie acidă – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ploaie acidă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Кислотный дождь – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кислотный дождь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आम्लीयवर्षणम् – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आम्लीयवर्षणम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aba_proja_%C3%A0tzida" title="Aba proja àtzida – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aba proja àtzida" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisela_ki%C5%A1a" title="Kisela kiša – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kisela kiša" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83" title="අම්ල වැස්ස – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අම්ල වැස්ස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Acid rain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kysl%C3%BD_d%C3%A1%C5%BE%C4%8F" title="Kyslý dážď – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kyslý dážď" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisli_de%C5%BE" title="Kisli dež – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kisli dež" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiu_acidik" title="Shiu acidik – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shiu acidik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Кисела киша – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кисела киша" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan_asam" title="Hujan asam – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hujan asam" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surt_regn" title="Surt regn – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Surt regn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mvua_asidia" title="Mvua asidia – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mvua asidia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%88" title="அமில மழை – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமில மழை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%82" title="ఆమ్ల వర్షం – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆమ్ల వర్షం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94" title="ฝนกรด – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฝนกรด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asit_ya%C4%9Fmuru" title="Asit yağmuru – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Asit yağmuru" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Кислотні опади – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кислотні опади" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C6%B0a_acid" title="Mưa acid – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mưa acid" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asido_nga_uran" title="Asido nga uran – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asido nga uran" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="酸雨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92j%C3%B2_on%C3%ADk%C3%ADkan" title="Òjò oníkíkan – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Òjò oníkíkan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="酸雨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="酸雨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40178#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Euri_azido" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Euri_azido" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&oldid=9969570" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Acid_rain_woods1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Acid_rain_woods1.JPG/320px-Acid_rain_woods1.JPG" decoding="async" width="320" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Acid_rain_woods1.JPG/480px-Acid_rain_woods1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Acid_rain_woods1.JPG/640px-Acid_rain_woods1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Euri azidoa pairatu duen <a href="/wiki/Baso" title="Baso">basoa</a>, Jizera mendiak, <a href="/wiki/Txekia" title="Txekia">Txekiar Errepublika.</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Euri azidoa</b> ohikoa baino <a href="/wiki/Azido" title="Azido">azidoagoa</a> den <a href="/wiki/Euri" title="Euri">euria</a> da. Kalteak sortzen ditu <a href="/wiki/Landare" title="Landare">landare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">uretako</a> <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animalia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Eraikin" title="Eraikin">eraikinetan</a>. Euri azidoa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zibilizazio_industrial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zibilizazio industrial (sortu gabe)">zibilizazio industrialaren</a> eraginez gertatzen da gehienbat, horrek eginiko <a href="/wiki/Sufre" title="Sufre">sufre</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">nitrogeno</a> isuriengatik, <a href="/wiki/Lurraren_atmosfera" title="Lurraren atmosfera">eguratsean</a> nahastean azidoa sortzen baita. Arazoa konpondu nahian, azken urteotan gobernu askok gas isuri horiek gutxitzeko legeak egin dituzte. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definizioa">Definizioa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Definizioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Definizioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Euri azidoak" nahaste bustiari (euri, elur, lanbroa...) eta lehorrari (partikula eta gas azidifikatzaileak) egiten dio erreferentzia. <a href="/wiki/Ur_destilatu" title="Ur destilatu">Ur destilatuak</a> <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> 7 neutroa du. PH txikiagoa duten likidoei azidoak esaten zaie eta handiagoa dutenei alkalinoak. Euri "garbiak" edo kutsadurarik gabekoak ez dute 5.7 baino pH txikiagorik orokorrean hau <a href="/wiki/Karbono_dioxido" title="Karbono dioxido">karbono dioxidoak</a> eragiten du, urarekin azido karbonikoa sortuz. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O (l) + CO2 (g) <=> H2CO3 (aq)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>l</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O (l) + CO2 (g) <=> H2CO3 (aq)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0676b9e5eadfa31e00d6ba0f0145a75411e6c3e8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:33.599ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O (l) + CO2 (g) <=> H2CO3 (aq)}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O (l) + H2CO3 (aq) <=> HCO3- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>l</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>HCO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O (l) + H2CO3 (aq) <=> HCO3- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa4f10e1d39dd510a2eaecc665489a8e0854263d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:50.182ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O (l) + H2CO3 (aq) <=> HCO3- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Azido karbonikoa ionizatzen da hidronioa eta hidrogeno karbonato <a href="/wiki/Ioia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioia">ioiak</a> emanez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sorrera">Sorrera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sorrera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Sorrera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Euri azidoa, <a href="/wiki/Zentral_termiko" title="Zentral termiko">zentral termikoek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ibilgailu" title="Ibilgailu">ibilgailuek</a> sortutakoa da batez ere. Hauek <a href="/wiki/Erregai_fosil" title="Erregai fosil">erregai fosilak</a> erretzean, tximinietatik edo ihesbideetatik, batez ere sufre eta nitrogeno oxidoa <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosferara</a> isurtzen dituzte. Poluitzaile hauetako zati bat lurreratu egiten da eta beste zatia aireak eramaten ditu, ur-lurrinaz konbinatu eta <a href="/wiki/Azido" title="Azido">azidoak</a> sortuz. </p><p>Bi mekanismo daude SO<sub>2</sub> atmosferan SO<sub>3</sub>ra oxidatzeko: </p> <ul><li>Heterogeneoa: hautsa eta hezetasun handia dagoenean ematen da.</li></ul> <ul><li>Homogeneoa: hezetasunik ez dagoenean ematen da.</li></ul> <p>Mekanismo biak atmosferako kutsatzaileen bidez katalizatuta daude. </p><p>Atmosferako ur lurrunekin erreakzioa egiten dutenean, SO<sub>2</sub> eta NO emisioek H<sub>2</sub>SO4 eta HNO<sub>3</sub> sortzen dute, hurrenez hurren, eta lurrera eta izaki bizidunen gainera erortzen dira. Konposatu horiek atmosferan higitzen dira <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosol</a> moduan, eta gas forman lurrean edo uretan ezartzen direnean (ezarpen lehorra), <a href="/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema">ekosistemak</a> azidotzen dituzte. </p><p>Gas kutsatzaileak mugitzen ari diren <a href="/wiki/Lurraren_atmosfera" title="Lurraren atmosfera">eguratseko</a> aire masetan sartzen direnean, sortutako lekutik ehunka kilometrora eror daitezke kaltea bertan eraginez. Orokorrean tximiniak oso altuak izaten direnez, hauek botatako gasak lainoek harrapatzen dituzte. Laino hauek haizearen eraginez mugitu egiten dira eta handik bizpahiru egunera euri kutsatua botatzen dute. </p><p>Euri normalak berez badauka azidotasun gradu bat, bertan azido karbonikoa sortzen delako airearen karbono dioxidoa jausten den urarekin disolbatzen denean. Bere <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> 5 eta 6 artean egoten da normalean. Baina substantzia azidifikatzaile hauengatik kutsaturiko zonaldetan ordea, euriak dituen pH balioak 3 eta 4 artean egon daitezke eta laino azidoa gertatzen den zonaldeetan <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a>-a 2.3 baliora ere hel daiteke; hauek <a href="/wiki/Limoiondo" title="Limoiondo">limoi</a> zukuaren edo <a href="/wiki/Ozpin" title="Ozpin">ozpinaren</a> antzeko balioak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XVII. mendean <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Evelyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Evelyn (sortu gabe)">John Evelyn</a> idazle eta lorezainak hiriko aire azido eta kutsatuak <a href="/wiki/Haitzurdin" title="Haitzurdin">marmolean</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kareharri" title="Kareharri">kareharrian</a> egindako efektu korrosiboak antzeman zituen, horietatik azpimarratuz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arundeleko_Marmolak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arundeleko Marmolak (sortu gabe)">Arundeleko Marmolak</a>. <a href="/wiki/Industria_Iraultza" title="Industria Iraultza">Industria Iraultzatik</a> <a href="/wiki/Sufre_dioxidoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufre dioxidoa">sufre dioxidoaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno_dioxidoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogeno dioxidoa">nitrogeno dioxidoaren</a> emisioak handitu ziren. Haizea zela eta, zonalde industrialetatik gainerako lurraldetara zabaldu zen kutsadura eta horrekin euri azidoaren arrazoi diren gasak<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 1852an, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Angus_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Angus Smith (sortu gabe)">Robert Angus Smith</a> kimikari eskoziarra lehena izan zen euri azidoaren eta poluzioaren arteko harremana erakusten, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchesterren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingalaterra" title="Ingalaterra">Ingalaterran</a>. </p><p>Euri azidoa garai hartan aurkitu arren, 1960ko hamarkada arte ez ziren hasi zientzialariak fenomenoa aztertzen. Ikerketak eta salaketak Europako iparraldeko herrialdeetatik hasi ziren, haiek baitziren kalte gehien jasaten zutenak<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Lurralde industrializatuetan euriaren eta lurrunaren pH-a neurtzean 2,4koak eta baxuagoak aurkitu izan dira. Hau arazo nabarmena da <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txinan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusian</a>, baita inguruko lurraldeetan ere. Leku horietan sulfuroak dituzten <a href="/wiki/Harrikatz" title="Harrikatz">ikatzak</a> erretzen dituzte bero eta elektrizitatea sortzeko<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Euri azidoaren arazoa populazioaren handipenarekin eta industriaren hedapenarekin erlazionatua egoteaz gain, planeta osoaren zehar zabaldu da. Leku zehatzetako poluzioa txikitzeko erabiltzen diren tximiniek (<i>smokestacks</i>) euri azidoa hedatzen dute gasak atmosfera osoaren zehar askatzen baitituzte. Hala, sorlekutik urrun dagoen leku batean erortzen ahal da euria. Askotan zona menditsuak izaten dira, mendien altuera dela eta. Horren adibide da <a href="/wiki/Eskandinavia" title="Eskandinavia">Eskandinavian</a> isurtzen den euria, pH baxukoa dena (azidoa). </p><p>1972an lehenbiziko aldiz euri azidoak suposatzen zuen arazoa planteatu zen <a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">Nazio Batuen</a> Konferentzian, <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholmen</a>. Bilkura horren helburua kontaminazioaren arazoak planteatzea zen. <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suediako</a> gobernuak poluzioari buruzko informe zabala aurkeztu zuen, zeinetan azaltzen zen urrun zeuden herrialdeetatik haizearen bidez sufre kontzentrazio altuak eramaten zirela haien lurretara, horiek gero prezipitatzen zirelarik. Konposatu oxidatu horien iturriak <a href="/wiki/Britainia_Handiko_Erresuma" title="Britainia Handiko Erresuma">Britania Handiko</a> planta termikoak ziren. Kutsadura horrek ekosistema nordikoak izorratzen zituela azaldu zuten, <a href="/wiki/Azido_sulfuriko" title="Azido sulfuriko">azido sulfuriko</a> kantitate handiko euriak eta elurrak hango laku eta uretan erortzen baitziren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nola_sortzen_da">Nola sortzen da</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nola sortzen da»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Nola sortzen da"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azidifikazioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azidifikazioa (sortu gabe)">Azidifikazioa</a> sortzen duen gas garrantzitsuena sulfuro dioxidoa (SO2) da. Bestalde nitrogeno oxidoak oxidatu egiten dira <a href="/wiki/Azido_nitriko" title="Azido nitriko">azido nitrikoa</a> sortuz eta hauek garrantzia gehiago dute gaur egun sulfuro konposatuek duten kontrol zorrotzengatik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naturaren_eragileak">Naturaren eragileak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Naturaren eragileak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Naturaren eragileak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naturan sortzen den fenomeno nagusia <a href="/wiki/Sumendi" title="Sumendi">sumendien</a> gas isuriak dira, hauek oso azidoak diren lainoak sortzen dituztelako 2pH-ra iritsi izan diren euriak sortuz eta sumendi ondoko biztanle eta ekosistemari erasotzen diotenak. Gainera izaki bizidun batzuek ere konposatu sulfurikoak isurtzen dituzte, eta hauek gehien bat ozeanoetan sortzen direlarik, konposatua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimetil_sulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimetil sulfida (sortu gabe)">dimetil sulfida</a> da. Azido nitrikoa duen <a href="/wiki/Euri" title="Euri">euria</a> garrantzi haundia du <a href="/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema">ekosistemetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">nitrogeno</a> oro isurtzen delako lurrazalean landareek behar dutena asetuz. <a href="/wiki/Konifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Konifera">Konifera</a> basoek ere lur nahiko azidoak izaten dituzte, baina hau ez da euri azidoari esleitu behar, baso hauek naturalki azidoak dira, beren hostoen azal aldaketak azidoak diren substantziak jalkitzen dituelako. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gizakiaren_eragina">Gizakiaren eragina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gizakiaren eragina»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Gizakiaren eragina"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lehen esan bezala sulfuroa eta nitrogeno konposatuak dira euri azidoa sortzearen erantzule nagusiak; eta guk, gizakiok, hauek behin eta berriro <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosferara</a> askatzen ditugu <a href="/wiki/Ibilgailu" title="Ibilgailu">ibilgailuek</a>, fabrikek, <a href="/wiki/Zentral_elektriko" title="Zentral elektriko">zentral elektrikoek</a>, etab. sortzen dituztelako, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Erregai_fosil" title="Erregai fosil">erregai fosilak</a> erabiltzen direnean eta hare gehiago ikatz minerala. Gas hauek ehunka kilometroz mugitu daitezke atmosferan zehar azido bilakatu eta jariatu baino lehen. Antzina fabriken tximinia txikiek arazo ugari ekarri zituzten hirietara (ikusi Londres XX. mendearen hasieran) eta hori ekiditeko tximiniak luzatu ziren baina hauek askatutako konposatuek altuago askatzen direnez urrutiago eraman daitezke kutsadura zabalduz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prozesu_kimikoak">Prozesu kimikoak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Prozesu kimikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Prozesu kimikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erregaien errekuntzan sulfuro dioxidoa eta oxido nitrikoa sortzen dira, hauek azido sulfurikoan eta azido nitrikoan bilakatuz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gas_fase_kimika[3]"><span id="Gas_fase_kimika.5B3.5D"></span>Gas fase kimika<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gas fase kimika[3]»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Gas fase kimika[3]"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">Gas</a> <a href="/wiki/Fase" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Fase">fasean</a> sulfuro dioxidoa oxidatu egiten da. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2SO2 + O2. -> 2SO3.}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>⋅</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2SO2 + O2. -> 2SO3.}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9f53c64569bfc06de4423ced8fa2c68dafb4da9c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.501ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2SO2 + O2. -> 2SO3.}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ondoren uraren presentziak <a href="/wiki/Azido_sulfuriko" title="Azido sulfuriko">azido sulfurikora</a> aldaratzen du azkar. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {SO3 (g) + H2O (l) -> H2SO4 (aq)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>l</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {SO3 (g) + H2O (l) -> H2SO4 (aq)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/68fa6cc62f29a4ec4b033a930eef18d1f309f082" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:33.276ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {SO3 (g) + H2O (l) -> H2SO4 (aq)}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno_dioxido" title="Nitrogeno dioxido">Nitrogeno dioxidoak</a> hidroxido batekin erreakzionatzen du azido nitrikoa emanez </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NO2 + OH. -> HNO3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>OH</mtext> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>HNO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NO2 + OH. -> HNO3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c937b725e2272df5ed3f70e5baab6d57cad98920" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.088ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NO2 + OH. -> HNO3}}}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kimika_hodeien_presentzian">Kimika hodeien presentzian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kimika hodeien presentzian»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Kimika hodeien presentzian"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hodeiak daudenean SO<sub>2</sub> bizkorrago galtzen da eta ezin da gas fasearekin bakarrik azaldu. Hau hodeietan dagoen ur tantek sortzen duten erreakzioarekin azaltzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hidrolisia">Hidrolisia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hidrolisia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Hidrolisia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sulfuro dioxidoa uretan disolbatzen da, eta ondoren <a href="/wiki/Hidrolisi" title="Hidrolisi">hidrolisia</a> egiten da <a href="/wiki/Oreka_kimiko" title="Oreka kimiko">oreka</a> erreakzio batzuekin:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2 (g) + H2O <=> SO2.H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>⋅</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2 (g) + H2O <=> SO2.H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ee52950423f78f3feb6a7779b912949f09e2442d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:29.66ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2 (g) + H2O <=> SO2.H2O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2.H2O <=> H+ + HSO3-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>⋅</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mpadded height="0" depth="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">↽</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mpadded> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⇀</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <msup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>HSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2.H2O <=> H+ + HSO3-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/377118e1bfa37d26ff1db7897a739fb3d70f63fb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:27.536ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {SO2.H2O <=> H+ + HSO3-}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ⇌ H<sup>+</sup> + SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> </p><p>Honek uretan azidotasuna edukitzea eragiten du sulfito ioia edukiz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oxidazioa">Oxidazioa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Oxidazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Oxidazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sulfuroa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidatzen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidatzen (sortu gabe)">oxidazioa</a> duten erreakzio ugari daude, garrantzitsuenak <a href="/wiki/Ozonoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozonoa">ozonoarekin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno_peroxidoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrogeno peroxidoa">hidrogeno peroxidoarekin</a> (ur oxigenatua) eta <a href="/wiki/Oxigenoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxigenoa">oxigenoarekin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burdina" title="Burdina">burdinak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Manganesoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganesoa">manganesoak</a> katalizatzen dituzte, hauek ur tantetan egonda) direlarik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Azido_nitrikoaren_arazoa">Azido nitrikoaren arazoa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Azido nitrikoaren arazoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Azido nitrikoaren arazoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gaur egun <a href="/wiki/Azido_nitriko" title="Azido nitriko">azido nitrikoak</a> ematen ditu arazo gehienak euri azidoaren kasuan. Batez ere estatu orok euren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislazio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legislazio (sortu gabe)">legislazioan</a> <a href="/wiki/Sufre" title="Sufre">sufre</a> konposatuen kontrola bermatu zutelako, baina <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">nitrogeno</a> konposatuen kontrola ez, eta honek azken urteetan %70-ean gutxitu den sufre euri azidoaren orden, azido nitrikozko euriak ez dira hainbeste jaitsi (%30 besterik). </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Carolina_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Carolina State University (sortu gabe)">North Carolina State University</a> <a href="/wiki/Raleigh" title="Raleigh">Raleighen</a> dagoen unibertistate batek egindako ikerkuntza batzuen ondorioz ikusi da azido nitrikozko euriak zuhaitz batzuen hotzaren tolerantzia jaitsi dela. Honek ondorio haundiak izan ditzake, zuhaitz horiek <a href="/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema">ekosistema</a> hotzean bizi badira eta euren tolerantzia jaisten bada hil egindo dira denbora pasa ahala. </p><p>Bestalde azido nitrikoak lurrean dagoen aluminioa askatzen du, eta hau intsektuentzako eta arrainentzako pozoitsua izaten da, gainera nitrogenoaren handipen honek espezie batzuen proliferazioa ekarriko du eta beste batzuen desagerpena.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ondorioak">Ondorioak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ondorioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Ondorioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Euri azidoa sortzen duen kutsadura iturria ez da kaltetzen dituen eremuetan bertan egoten beti, gasak hara eta hona ibiltzen direlako atmosferan eta baldintza meteorologiko egokiak dauden edozein lekutan ezartzen direlako. Horregatik, kutsadura eragile gehien aireratzen duten herrialde industrializatuek kontuan hartu behar lukete beren jarduerek herrialde garatu gabeei ere eragiten dietela, eta, joera axolagabe horrekin, hango baliabide naturalak suntsitzen dituztela. </p><p>Euri azidoak hainbat ondorio izaten ditu eta garrantzitsua da hauen artean ezberdintzea<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gizakien_osasunean">Gizakien osasunean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gizakien osasunean»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Gizakien osasunean"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Euri azidoa lurrazalean erortzean gizakien osasunean kalte egin dezaketen partikulak askatzen ditu. Partikula hauek biriketara iristen direnean arnas gaixotasunak sor ditzakete; hala nola, <a href="/wiki/Asma" title="Asma">asma</a>, bronquitis kronikoa, <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> eta beste batzuk gaixotasun kardiobaskularrak ere.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ur_ekosisteman">Ur ekosisteman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ur ekosisteman»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Ur ekosisteman"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ur ingurunetan <a href="/wiki/Aintzira" title="Aintzira">lakuak</a> dira ondorio larrienak jasaten dituztenak. Euriak utzitako azidoak errekek eta <a href="/wiki/Ibai" title="Ibai">ibaiek</a> eramaten dituzte. Ur horiek lakuetara isurtzen dira, eta hango <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animalia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Landare" title="Landare">landaredia</a>, kalteturik edo hilik geratzen dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arrainetan_duen_ondorioa">Arrainetan duen ondorioa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arrainetan duen ondorioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Arrainetan duen ondorioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekosistema hauetan, azidifikazioaren eragin kaltegarria guztiz frogaturik dago. Jatorri edo era honetako kutsaduraz konturatu ziren ikerlariak, 1960 eta 1970 urteen artean <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a>ko eta <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a>ko laku eta ibai ugarietako arrain eta anfibioen kantitatea murrizten ari zela era oso arin eta arriskutsu batean ohartuz lortu zuten. Honen ondorioz uretako animalia askoren ugalketa prozesua eraldatzen eta hondatzen da, espezie batzuk ezin baitira bizi pH 5.5 mailatik berako ur ingurunetan, batez ere hainbat <a href="/wiki/Izokin" title="Izokin">izokin</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Amuarrain" title="Amuarrain">amuarrain</a>. Euri azido honen eragina askoz nabarmenagoa da gainera <a href="/wiki/Harri" title="Harri">harri</a> ez karetsuko lurraldetako lakuetan, lurraldea karetsua denean, ioi alkalinoak ugariak dira lurrean eta neurri handian azidifikazioa neutralizatzen dute. Baina harriak <a href="/wiki/Granito" title="Granito">granito</a>an edo kantoietan urriak diren azidoak direnean, lakuak eta ibaiak jasaten duten eragin kaltegarria askoz nabarmenagoa da ezarpen azidoen aurrean, hau ezin delako neutralizatua izan lurraren konposizioagatik. </p><p>Bi modutan eragin dezake; zuzenean, arrainen odolaren kimika aldatuz edo hauen arrautzen garapena geldituz. Eta zeharka, arrain motak eta janari kantitatea murriztuz edo ingurumeneko solubilitatea handituz (adb. <a href="/wiki/Aluminio" title="Aluminio">Aluminio</a>a, toxikoa dena arrainentzat, eta <a href="/wiki/Merkurio_(elementua)" title="Merkurio (elementua)">merkurio</a>a arrainak jangaitzak bihurtzen dituena). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lur_ekosisteman">Lur ekosisteman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lur ekosisteman»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Lur ekosisteman"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lehorrean, <a href="/wiki/Baso" title="Baso">basoak</a> dira kalteturik handienak. Zenbait lekutan <a href="/wiki/Zuhaitz" title="Zuhaitz">zuhaitzek</a> <a href="/wiki/Hosto" title="Hosto">hostoak</a> galtzen dituzte, eta, euri azidoak lurreko konposizioa aldatzen duenez, aurreko oreka apurtu egiten da. Lur azidoan hasitako zuhaitzak, <a href="/wiki/Izotz" title="Izotz">izozte</a> edo lehorte garaian ez dute behar adinako defentsarik. Ondorioz, ahulezia honen eraginez basoetan dauden <a href="/wiki/Birus" title="Birus">birus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onddo" title="Onddo">onddo</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Intsektu" title="Intsektu">intsektuen</a> erasoz galtzeko posibilitatea besterik ez dute. </p><p>Landareengan eta beste zenbait lurrazaleko gorpuzkerengan duen eragina ez dago hain argi, baina susmatzen da deituriko “basoen hilketa”-ren, mundu osoko baso gainazal handienengan eragina duena, arrazoietariko bat dela hau. Era beran badirudi ere lurrazaleko ekosisteman kalteak sortzen dituela lurrazalean eragiten dituen aldaketak direla eta, baina hauen ikasketan jarraitu beharra dago, benetan dituen eraginak aztertu ahal izateko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Landareetan_duen_ondorioa">Landareetan duen ondorioa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Landareetan duen ondorioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Landareetan duen ondorioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Basoaren hazkuntza eta lurzoruaren kimika motelak eta jarraiak direnez, ezin dira erraz frogatu. Hala eta guztiz ere, landareen ugalketa-fasean (<a href="/wiki/Polinizazio" title="Polinizazio">polinizazioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernalketa" title="Ernalketa">ernalkuntza</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hazi" title="Hazi">hazi</a>en garapena) euri azidoari ahulak dira eta hauen ondorioak erraz azter daitezke. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lurrazalean_duen_ondorioa">Lurrazalean duen ondorioa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lurrazalean duen ondorioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Lurrazalean duen ondorioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Euri azidoa lurzoruko mantenugaiak isurtzen ditu; metal toxikoak askatzen ditu eta hostodun gainazalen kimika aldatzen du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eragindako_lekuak">Eragindako lekuak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eragindako lekuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Eragindako lekuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Euri azidoaren efektuak jasaten dituzten lekuak, lehen komentatu bezala, orokorrean altitude handiko mendiak-eta dauden lekuak dira baina lur sentikorretan (euriaren azidotasuna neutralizatu ezin dituzten lurrak) ere efektu latzak dituzte, hala, Europan <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Poloniatik</a> Eskandinaviaraino efektuak ikus ditzakegu, baita <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">EEBBko</a> ekialdean, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadako</a> hego-ekialdean, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwanen</a> eta Txinako hego-ekialdean ere. Baita ere <a href="/wiki/Industrializazio" title="Industrializazio">industrializazio</a>tu gabeko eremuetan; hala nola, <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txina</a>tik urruti dauden lekuetan non ikatza berogailurako, sukalderako eta ur garbiketarako erabiltzen den, edo <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>ko zonalde batzuetan ezen zuhaixkak erretzen diren larreak hazteko eta efektu berdinak dituzte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eraikuntzak">Eraikuntzak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eraikuntzak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Eraikuntzak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg/271px-Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg" decoding="async" width="271" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg/407px-Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg/542px-Pollution_-_Damaged_by_acid_rain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Euri azidoak kaltetutako estatuak.</figcaption></figure> <p>Euri azidoak gizakien etxebizitzei ere kalte eragiten die, margoetako eta eraikuntzetako materialak ukituz, ondorioz kaltetu ez ezik </p><p>apurtu ditzakeelako. Arnastutako hautsak, gasak eta partikulak substantzia <a href="/wiki/Minbizi" title="Minbizi">kantzerigenoak</a> izan daitezke. </p><p>Metal (adibidez brontzea) eta eraikuntzen korrosioa da euri azidoak sorturiko beste kalteetariko bat. Airearekin kontaktuan dauden artelanak eta eraikuntzak gero eta abiadura handiagoarekin desegiten ari dira, industralizazioa baino lehenagoko degradazio-maila ikusita, eta hau bereziki atmosferara gero eta sufre eta nitrogeno (azidotasunaren eragile) gehiago isurtzen delako gertatzen da. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Atenasko_Akropolia" title="Atenasko Akropolia">Atenaseko Akropolia</a> azken 30 urtetan arras kaltetua izan da, eta horrekin batera antzeko materialekin egindako espainiar eta italiar altxor artistikoak. Bitxia da kontutan hartzen badugu orain arte, zaharrak izan arren, ongi kontserbatu direla. </p><p>Orokorrean, airearekin kontaktuan eta isuritako konposatu azidoekin erreakzionatzen ahal duten materialez egindako eraikuntza edo artelan guztiak kaltetuak izan daitezke. </p><p>Zientzialariek SO<sub>2</sub> eta NO<sub>x</sub> bolumena erreduzitzeko hainbat modu aurkitu dituzte. Bihurgailu katalitikoak SO<sub>2</sub> eta NO<sub>2</sub> ezabatzeko eta plasma teknologia gas toxikoak bereizteko (NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, merkurio lurruna eta konposatu organiko lurrunkorrak diren konposatuak degradatzeko). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Akropolis_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Akropolis_2015.jpg/268px-Akropolis_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Akropolis_2015.jpg/402px-Akropolis_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Akropolis_2015.jpg/536px-Akropolis_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9648" data-file-height="5587" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Atenasko_Akropolia" title="Atenasko Akropolia">Atenaseko Akropolia</a> marmolez egindakoa, euri azidoz kaltetua.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konponbidea">Konponbidea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Konponbidea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Konponbidea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Industriak zenbait teknika garatu ditu ingurumenaren babeserako eta era berean zenbait disposizio legal eta nazioarteko hitzarmenak sortu dira produktu arriskutsu eta erasokorren kontzentrazioak kontrolatzeko. Era honetan, enpresa asko teknologia berri hauek aplikatzen ari dira eta baimenduriko emisio mailen azpitik dihardute. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Espainia" title="Espainia">Espainian</a>, industrializazioaren eta kontsumo energetikoaren kontzentrazioaren ondoriozko efektuen ardurak, 1972ko ingurumen atmosferikoaren babeserako legea argitaratzea ekarri zuen. Honek aurrera pauso garrantzitsu bat suposatu zuen mugaz gaindiko eremuetan. Arazoa 1982ko <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Genevako</a> hitzarmenean aztertu zen eta, ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a> 1985, <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> 1988, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> 1991, <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> 1994, <a href="/wiki/Aarhuseko_Hitzarmena" title="Aarhuseko Hitzarmena">Aarhus</a> 1998ko ingurumenaren babeserako protokoloetan. Bertan teknologia oso kutsatzaileen eta zaharkituen erabilera debekatu zen. </p><p>Euri azidoaren ondoriozko arduretariko bat beraz, atmosferara isuritako <a href="/wiki/Nitrogeno" title="Nitrogeno">nitrogeno</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Sufre" title="Sufre">sufre</a> partikulak dira, azido sulfuriko eta azido nitriko tanta moduan bukatzen dutenak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neurriak">Neurriak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Neurriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Neurriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hainbat neurri hartuz konpon daiteke euri azidoaren arazoa: </p> <ul><li>Uren azidotasuna neutralizatzeko teknikak baliatzea: base gisa diharduten substantziak eranstea edo iragazkiak ipintzea, adibidez. Teknika horiek, dena den, garestiak dira eta arazoa epe motzean konpontzeko bakar-bakarrik erabil daitezke.</li></ul> <ul><li>Gas kaltegarrien igorpena murriztea. Arazoari sustraiak moztea litzateke hau, <a href="/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio">petrolioaren</a>, gasaren eta <a href="/wiki/Harrikatz" title="Harrikatz">ikatzaren</a> erabilera murriztuz, eta, <a href="/wiki/Industria" title="Industria">industrian</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Garraio" title="Garraio">garraioan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energia_berriztagarri" title="Energia berriztagarri">energia berriztagarrien</a> alde jokatuz.</li></ul> <ul><li>Teknologiak hobetzea. Energia eraginkortasun eta zentzu handiagoz erabiltzeak eta igorritako gasei garbitasun sistema hobeak aplikatzeak arazoa konpontzen lagunduko lukete.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energia_termiko" title="Energia termiko">Zentral termikoek</a> isurtzen duten <a href="/wiki/Kutsadura" title="Kutsadura">poluzioa</a> kontrolatu behar da tximinian iragazki egokiak ipiniz. Ikatza erabiltzen dutenek gasen desulfurazioa deritzona egiten dute, zeinetan sulfuroak dituzten gasak kentzen diren gainontzeko gasetatik</li></ul> <ul><li>Ibilgailuen ihes-tutuetatik botatako gasen kantitatea gutxitzeko <a href="/wiki/Katalizatzaile" title="Katalizatzaile">katalizatzaileak</a> erabiltzea.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ibilgailu partikularrak gutxiago erabili behar da eta garraio publikoak edo <a href="/wiki/Bizikleta" title="Bizikleta">bizikleta</a> gehiago erabiltzea komenigarria da, ibilgailu motorizatuek nitrogeno oxidoak askatzen baitituzte.</li> <li>Lakuetan eta ibaietan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konposatu_basikoak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konposatu basikoak (sortu gabe)">konposatu basikoak</a> gehitzea pHa neutralizatzeko.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecured.cu/Lluvia_%C3%81cida">«Lluvia Ácida - EcuRed»</a> <i>www.ecured.cu</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-05-11)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFRodriguez_Montellano">Rodriguez Montellano, Armando. (PDF) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divulgameteo.es/uploads/Lluvia-%C3%A1cida.pdf"><i>Lluvia ácida y sus efectos. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-05-08)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acid_rain&oldid=833894677"><i>Acid rain. </i></a> 2018-04-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-05-08)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Tennesen, Michael (2010); Scientific American; Berreskuratua:<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/acid-rain-caused-by-nitrogen-emissions/">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/acid-rain-caused-by-nitrogen-emissions/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/695/69510211.pdf">«La lluvia ácida: un fenómeno fisicoquímico de ocurrencia local»</a> <i>Revista Lasallista de Investigación</i> (Antioquia, Colombia) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1794-4449">1794-4449</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Cabrera, R. & Robles, E. 1997.  Evaluación Preliminar del Impacto en la Salud Pública de comunidades seleccionadas expuestas a polución y contaminantes atmosféricos.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airearen_kutsadura" title="Airearen kutsadura">Airearen kutsadura</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euri_azido&veaction=edit&section=26" 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hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40178" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q40178">Q40178</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acid_rain">Acid rain</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q40178%22">Q40178</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX538407">XX538407</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119746049">119746049</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119746049">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4179239-7">4179239-7</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85000526">sh85000526</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575484">00575484</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122068">ph122068</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10636569">10636569</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300055380">300055380</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/acid-rain">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015258">D015258</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40178" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q40178">Q40178</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acid_rain">Acid rain</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q40178%22">Q40178</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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