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wave loading</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: wind and wave loading"> <meta name="keywords" content="wind and wave loading"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="wind and wave loading"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4037</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: wind and wave loading</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4037</span> Assessment of the Effect of Wind Turbulence on the Aero-Hydrodynamic Behavior of Offshore Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Dezvareh">Reza Dezvareh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to investigate the amount of wind turbulence on the aero hydrodynamic behavior of offshore wind turbines with a monopile holder platform. Since in the sea, the wind turbine structures are under water and structures interactions, the dynamic analysis has been conducted under combined wind and wave loading. The offshore wind turbines have been investigated undertow models of normal and severe wind turbulence, and the results of this study show that the amplitude of fluctuation of dynamic response of structures including thrust force and base shear force of structures is increased with increasing the amount of wind turbulence, and this increase is not necessarily observed in the mean values of responses. Therefore, conducting the dynamic analysis is inevitable in order to observe the effect of wind turbulence on the structures' response. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind%20turbine" title="offshore wind turbine">offshore wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbulence" title=" wind turbulence"> wind turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20vibration" title=" structural vibration"> structural vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aero-hydro%20dynamic" title=" aero-hydro dynamic"> aero-hydro dynamic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82641/assessment-of-the-effect-of-wind-turbulence-on-the-aero-hydrodynamic-behavior-of-offshore-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4036</span> Solar Wind Turbulence and the Role of Circularly Polarized Dispersive Alfvén Wave</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Sharma">Swati Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20P.%20Sharma"> R. P. Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We intend to study the nonlinear evolution of the parallel propagating finite frequency Alfvén wave (also called Dispersive Alfvén wave/Hall MHD wave) propagating in the solar wind regime of the solar region when a perpendicularly propagating magnetosonic wave is present in the background. The finite frequency Alfvén wave behaves differently from the usual non-dispersive behavior of the Alfvén wave. To study the nonlinear processes (such as filamentation) taking place in the solar regions such as solar wind, the dynamical equation of both the waves are derived. Numerical simulation involving finite difference method for the time domain and pseudo spectral method for the spatial domain is then performed to analyze the transient evolution of these waves. The power spectra of the Dispersive Alfvén wave is also investigated. The power spectra shows the distribution of the magnetic field intensity of the Dispersive Alfvén wave over different wave numbers. For DAW the spectra shows a steepening for scales larger than the proton inertial length. This means that the wave energy gets transferred to the solar wind particles as the wave reaches higher wave numbers. This steepening of the power spectra can be explained on account of the finite frequency of the Alfvén wave. The obtained results are consistent with the observations made by CLUSTER spacecraft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20wind" title="solar wind">solar wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence" title=" turbulence"> turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersive%20alfven%20wave" title=" dispersive alfven wave"> dispersive alfven wave</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14764/solar-wind-turbulence-and-the-role-of-circularly-polarized-dispersive-alfven-wave" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4035</span> Dynamic Behaviors of a Floating Bridge with Mooring Lines under Wind and Wave Excitations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chungkuk%20Jin">Chungkuk Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moohyun%20Kim"> Moohyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo%20Chul%20Chung"> Woo Chul Chung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents global performance and dynamic behaviors of a discrete-pontoon-type floating bridge with mooring lines in time domain under wind and wave excitations. The structure is designed for long-distance and deep-water crossing and consists of the girder, columns, pontoons, and mooring lines. Their functionality and behaviors are investigated by using elastic-floater/mooring fully-coupled dynamic simulation computer program. Dynamic wind, first- and second-order wave forces, and current loads are considered as environmental loads. Girder’s dynamic responses and mooring tensions are analyzed under different analysis methods and environmental conditions. Girder’s lateral responses are highly influenced by the second-order wave and wind loads while the first-order wave load mainly influences its vertical responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20bridge" title="floating bridge">floating bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mooring%20line" title=" mooring line"> mooring line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pontoon" title=" pontoon"> pontoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20excitation" title=" wave excitation"> wave excitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120268/dynamic-behaviors-of-a-floating-bridge-with-mooring-lines-under-wind-and-wave-excitations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4034</span> Analysis and Design of Offshore Met Mast Supported on Jacket Substructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manu%20Manu">Manu Manu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pardha%20J.%20Saradhi"> Pardha J. Saradhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramana%20M.%20V.%20Murthy"> Ramana M. V. Murthy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind Energy is accepted as one of the most developed, cost effective and proven renewable energy technologies to meet increasing electricity demands in a sustainable manner. Preliminary assessment studies along Indian Coastline by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy have indicated prospects for development of offshore wind power along Tamil Nadu Coast, India. The commercial viability of a wind project mainly depends on wind characteristics on site. Hence, it is internationally recommended to perform site-specific wind resource assessment based on two years’ wind profile as a part of the feasibility study. Conventionally, guy wire met mast are used onshore for the collection of wind profile. Installation of similar structure in offshore requires complex marine spread and are very expensive. In the present study, an attempt is made to develop 120 m long lattice tower supported on the jacket, piled to the seabed at Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu, India. Offshore met-masts are subjected to combined wind and hydrodynamic loads, and these lateral loads should be safely transferred to soil. The wind loads are estimated based on gust factor method, and the hydrodynamic loads are estimated by Morison’s equation along with suitable wave theory. The soil is modeled as three nonlinear orthogonal springs based on API standards. The structure configuration and optimum member sizes are obtained for extreme cyclone events. The dynamic behavior of mast under coupled wind and wave loads is also studied. The static responses of a mast with jacket type offshore platform have been studied using a frame model in SESAM. It is found from the study that the maximum displacement at the top of the mast for the random wave is 0.003 m and that of the tower for wind is 0.08 m during the steady state. The dynamic analysis results indicate that the structure is safe against coupled wind and wave loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind" title="offshore wind">offshore wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mast" title=" mast"> mast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static" title=" static"> static</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20load" title=" aerodynamic load"> aerodynamic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamic%20load" title=" hydrodynamic load"> hydrodynamic load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55062/analysis-and-design-of-offshore-met-mast-supported-on-jacket-substructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4033</span> A Comparison between the Results of Hormuz Strait Wave Simulations Using WAVEWATCH-III and MIKE21-SW and Satellite Altimetry Observations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Sadat%20Sharifi">Fatemeh Sadat Sharifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the capabilities of WAVEWATCH-III and MIKE21-SW for predicting the characteristics of wind waves in Hormuz Strait are evaluated. The GFS wind data (Global Forecast System) were derived. The bathymetry of gride with 2 arc-minute resolution, also were extracted from the ETOPO1. WAVEWATCH-III findings illustrate more valid prediction of wave features comparing to the MIKE-21 SW in deep water. Apparently, in shallow area, the MIKE-21 provides more uniformities with altimetry measurements. This may be due to the merits of the unstructured grid which are used in MIKE-21, leading to better representations of the coastal area. The findings on the direction of waves generated by wind in the modeling area indicate that in some regions, despite the increase in wind speed, significant wave height stays nearly unchanged. This is fundamental because of swift changes in wind track over the Strait of Hormuz. After discussing wind-induced waves in the region, the impact of instability of the surface layer on wave growth has been considered. For this purpose, the average monthly mean air temperature has been used. The results in cold months, when the surface layer is unstable, indicates an acceptable increase in the accuracy of prediction of the indicator wave height. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title="numerical modeling">numerical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WAVEWATCH-III" title=" WAVEWATCH-III"> WAVEWATCH-III</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Strait%20of%20Hormuz" title=" Strait of Hormuz"> Strait of Hormuz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIKE21-SW" title=" MIKE21-SW "> MIKE21-SW </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77494/a-comparison-between-the-results-of-hormuz-strait-wave-simulations-using-wavewatch-iii-and-mike21-sw-and-satellite-altimetry-observations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4032</span> Climate Change Results in Increased Accessibility of Offshore Wind Farms for Installation and Maintenance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victoria%20Bessonova">Victoria Bessonova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Dorrell"> Robert Dorrell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20Dethlefs"> Nina Dethlefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evdokia%20Tapoglou"> Evdokia Tapoglou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katharine%20York"> Katharine York</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the global pursuit of renewable energy intensifies, offshore wind farms have emerged as a promising solution to combat climate change. The global offshore wind installed capacity is projected to increase 56-fold by 2055. However, the impacts of climate change, particularly changes in wave climate, are not widely understood. Offshore wind installation and maintenance activities often require specific weather windows, characterized by calm seas and low wave heights, to ensure safe and efficient operations. However, climate change-induced alterations in wave characteristics can reduce the availability of suitable weather windows, leading to delays and disruptions in project timelines. it applied the operational limits of installation and maintenance vessels to past and future climate wave projections. This revealed changes in the annual and monthly accessibility of offshore wind farms at key global development locations. When accessibility is only defined by significant wave height, spatial patterns in the annual accessibility roughly follow changes in significant wave height, with increased availability where significant wave height is decreasing. This resulted in a 1-6% increase in Europe and North America and a similar decrease in South America, Australia and Asia. Monthly changes suggest unchanged or slightly decreased (1-2%) accessibility in summer months and increased (2-6%) in winter. Further assessment includes assessing the sensitivity of accessibility to operational limits defined by wave height combined with wave period and wave height combined with wind speed. Results of this assessment will be included in the presentation. These findings will help stakeholders inform climate change adaptations in installation and maintenance planning practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind" title=" offshore wind"> offshore wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind%20installation" title=" offshore wind installation"> offshore wind installation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operations%20and%20maintenance" title=" operations and maintenance"> operations and maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20climate" title=" wave climate"> wave climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20farm%20accessibility" title=" wind farm accessibility"> wind farm accessibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168833/climate-change-results-in-increased-accessibility-of-offshore-wind-farms-for-installation-and-maintenance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4031</span> An Overview of the Wind and Wave Climate in the Romanian Nearshore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liliana%20Rusu">Liliana Rusu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of the proposed work is to provide a more comprehensive picture of the wind and wave climate in the Romanian nearshore, using the results provided by numerical models. The Romanian coastal environment is located in the western side of the Black Sea, the more energetic part of the sea, an area with heavy maritime traffic and various offshore operations. Information about the wind and wave climate in the Romanian waters is mainly based on observations at Gloria drilling platform (70 km from the coast). As regards the waves, the measurements of the wave characteristics are not so accurate due to the method used, being also available for a limited period. For this reason, the wave simulations that cover large temporal and spatial scales represent an option to describe better the wave climate. To assess the wind climate in the target area spanning 1992–2016, data provided by the NCEP-CFSR (U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction - Climate Forecast System Reanalysis) and consisting in wind fields at 10m above the sea level are used. The high spatial and temporal resolution of the wind fields is good enough to represent the wind variability over the area. For the same 25-year period, as considered for the wind climate, this study characterizes the wave climate from a wave hindcast data set that uses NCEP-CFSR winds as input for a model system SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) based. The wave simulation results with a two-level modelling scale have been validated against both in situ measurements and remotely sensed data. The second level of the system, with a higher resolution in the geographical space (0.02°×0.02°), is focused on the Romanian coastal environment. The main wave parameters simulated at this level are used to analyse the wave climate. The spatial distributions of the wind speed, wind direction and the mean significant wave height have been computed as the average of the total data. As resulted from the amount of data, the target area presents a generally moderate wave climate that is affected by the storm events developed in the Black Sea basin. Both wind and wave climate presents high seasonal variability. All the results are computed as maps that help to find the more dangerous areas. A local analysis has been also employed in some key locations corresponding to highly sensitive areas, as for example the main Romanian harbors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulations" title="numerical simulations">numerical simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romanian%20nearshore" title=" Romanian nearshore"> Romanian nearshore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waves" title=" waves"> waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind" title=" wind"> wind</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78557/an-overview-of-the-wind-and-wave-climate-in-the-romanian-nearshore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4030</span> Synthetic Optimizing Control of Wind-Wave Hybrid Energy Conversion System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Xue">Lei Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liye%20Zhao"> Liye Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jundong%20Wang"> Jundong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Xue"> Yu Xue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A hybrid energy conversion system composed of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) and wave energy converters (WECs) may possibly reduce the levelized cost of energy, improving the platform dynamics and increasing the capacity to harvest energy. This paper investigates the aerodynamic performance and dynamic responses of the combined semi-submersible FOWT and point-absorber WECs in frequency and time domains using synthetic optimizing control under turbulent wind and irregular wave conditions. Individual pitch control is applied to the FOWT part, while spring–damping control is used on the WECs part, as well as the synergistic control effect of both are studied. The effect of the above control optimization is analyzed under several typical working conditions, such as below-rated wind speed, rated wind speed, and above-rated wind speed by OpenFAST and WEC-Sim software. Particularly, the wind-wave misalignment is also comparatively investigated, which has demonstrated the importance of applying proper integrated optimal control in this hybrid energy system. More specifically, the combination of individual pitch control and spring–damping control is able to mitigate the platform pitch motion and improve output power. However, the increase in blade root load needs to be considered which needs further investigations in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20offshore%20wind%20turbine" title="floating offshore wind turbine">floating offshore wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20energy%20converters" title=" wave energy converters"> wave energy converters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20optimization" title=" control optimization"> control optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20pitch%20control" title=" individual pitch control"> individual pitch control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20response" title=" dynamic response"> dynamic response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181438/synthetic-optimizing-control-of-wind-wave-hybrid-energy-conversion-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4029</span> Wind Wave Modeling Using MIKE 21 SW Spectral Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pouya%20Molana">Pouya Molana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeinab%20Alimohammadi"> Zeinab Alimohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determining wind wave characteristics is essential for implementing projects related to Coastal and Marine engineering such as designing coastal and marine structures, estimating sediment transport rates and coastal erosion rates in order to predict significant wave height (H_s), this study applies the third generation spectral wave model, Mike 21 SW, along with CEM model. For SW model calibration and verification, two data sets of meteorology and wave spectroscopy are used. The model was exposed to time-varying wind power and the results showed that difference ratio mean, standard deviation of difference ratio and correlation coefficient in SW model for H_s parameter are 1.102, 0.279 and 0.983, respectively. Whereas, the difference ratio mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient in The Choice Experiment Method (CEM) for the same parameter are 0.869, 1.317 and 0.8359, respectively. Comparing these expected results it is revealed that the Choice Experiment Method CEM has more errors in comparison to MIKE 21 SW third generation spectral wave model and higher correlation coefficient does not necessarily mean higher accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIKE%2021%20SW" title="MIKE 21 SW">MIKE 21 SW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CEM%20method" title=" CEM method"> CEM method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=significant%20wave%20height" title=" significant wave height"> significant wave height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference%20ratio" title=" difference ratio"> difference ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41545/wind-wave-modeling-using-mike-21-sw-spectral-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4028</span> Performance and Damage Detection of Composite Structural Insulated Panels Subjected to Shock Wave Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anupoju%20Rajeev">Anupoju Rajeev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Mathew"> Joanne Mathew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Shelke"> Amit Shelke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current study, a new type of Composite Structural Insulated Panels (CSIPs) is developed and investigated its performance against shock loading which can replace the conventional wooden structural materials. The CSIPs is made of Fibre Cement Board (FCB)/aluminum as the facesheet and the expanded polystyrene foam as the core material. As tornadoes are very often in the western countries, it is suggestable to monitor the health of the CSIPs during its lifetime. So, the composite structure is installed with three smart sensors located randomly at definite locations. Each smart sensor is fabricated with an embedded half stainless phononic crystal sensor attached to both ends of the nylon shaft that can resist the shock and impact on facesheet as well as polystyrene foam core and safeguards the system. In addition to the granular crystal sensors, the accelerometers are used in the horizontal spanning and vertical spanning with a definite offset distance. To estimate the health and damage of the CSIP panel using granular crystal sensor, shock wave loading experiments are conducted. During the experiments, the time of flight response from the granular sensors is measured. The main objective of conducting shock wave loading experiments on the CSIP panels is to study the effect and the sustaining capacity of the CSIP panels in the extreme hazardous situations like tornados and hurricanes which are very common in western countries. The effects have been replicated using a shock tube, an instrument that can be used to create the same wind and pressure intensity of tornado for the experimental study. Numerous experiments have been conducted to investigate the flexural strength of the CSIP. Furthermore, the study includes the damage detection using three smart sensors embedded in the CSIPs during the shock wave loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20structural%20insulated%20panels" title="composite structural insulated panels">composite structural insulated panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20detection" title=" damage detection"> damage detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength" title=" flexural strength"> flexural strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandwich%20structures" title=" sandwich structures"> sandwich structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20wave%20loading" title=" shock wave loading"> shock wave loading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96316/performance-and-damage-detection-of-composite-structural-insulated-panels-subjected-to-shock-wave-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4027</span> Analysis of the Vibration Behavior of a Small-Scale Wind Turbine Blade under Johannesburg Wind Speed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tolulope%20Babawarun">Tolulope Babawarun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harry%20Ngwangwa"> Harry Ngwangwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wind turbine blade may sustain structural damage from external loads such as high winds or collisions, which could compromise its aerodynamic efficiency. The wind turbine blade vibrates at significant intensities and amplitudes under these conditions. The effect of these vibrations on the dynamic flow field surrounding the blade changes the forces operating on it. The structural dynamic analysis of a small wind turbine blade is considered in this study. It entails creating a finite element model, validating the model, and doing structural analysis on the verified finite element model. The analysis is based on the structural reaction of a small-scale wind turbine blade to various loading sources. Although there are many small-scale off-shore wind turbine systems in use, only preliminary structural analysis is performed during design phases; these systems' performance under various loading conditions as they are encountered in real-world situations has not been properly researched. This will allow us to record the same Equivalent von Mises stress and deformation that the blade underwent. A higher stress contour was found to be more concentrated near the middle span of the blade under the various loading scenarios studied. The highest stress that the blade in this study underwent is within the range of the maximum stress that blade material can withstand. The maximum allowable stress of the blade material is 1,770 MPa. The deformation of the blade was highest at the blade tip. The critical speed of the blade was determined to be 4.3 Rpm with a rotor speed range of 0 to 608 Rpm. The blade's mode form under loading conditions indicates a bending mode, the most prevalent of which is flapwise bending. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS" title="ANSYS">ANSYS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20loading" title=" static loading"> static loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20analysis" title=" dynamic analysis"> dynamic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158468/analysis-of-the-vibration-behavior-of-a-small-scale-wind-turbine-blade-under-johannesburg-wind-speed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4026</span> Simultaneous Measurement of Wave Pressure and Wind Speed with the Specific Instrument and the Unit of Measurement Description</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Branimir%20Jurun">Branimir Jurun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elza%20Jurun"> Elza Jurun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focus of this paper is the description of an instrument called 'Quattuor 45' and defining of wave pressure measurement. Special attention is given to measurement of wave pressure created by the wind speed increasing obtained with the instrument 'Quattuor 45' in the investigated area. The study begins with respect to theoretical attitudes and numerous up to date investigations related to the waves approaching the coast. The detailed schematic view of the instrument is enriched with pictures from ground plan and side view. Horizontal stability of the instrument is achieved by mooring which relies on two concrete blocks. Vertical wave peak monitoring is ensured by one float above the instrument. The synthesis of horizontal stability and vertical wave peak monitoring allows to create a representative database for wave pressure measuring. Instrument ‘Quattuor 45' is named according to the way the database is received. Namely, the electronic part of the instrument consists of the main chip ‘Arduino', its memory, four load cells with the appropriate modules and the wind speed sensor 'Anemometers'. The 'Arduino' chip is programmed to store two data from each load cell and two data from the anemometer on SD card each second. The next part of the research is dedicated to data processing. All measured results are stored automatically in the database and after that detailed processing is carried out in the MS Excel. The result of the wave pressure measurement is synthesized by the unit of measurement kN/m². This paper also suggests a graphical presentation of the results by multi-line graph. The wave pressure is presented on the left vertical axis, while the wind speed is shown on the right vertical axis. The time of measurement is displayed on the horizontal axis. The paper proposes an algorithm for wind speed measurements showing the results for two characteristic winds in the Adriatic Sea, called 'Bura' and 'Jugo'. The first of them is the northern wind that reaches high speeds, causing low and extremely steep waves, where the pressure of the wave is relatively weak. On the other hand, the southern wind 'Jugo' has a lower speed than the northern wind, but due to its constant duration and constant speed maintenance, it causes extremely long and high waves that cause extremely high wave pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrument" title="instrument">instrument</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measuring%20unit" title=" measuring unit"> measuring unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waves%20pressure%20metering" title=" waves pressure metering"> waves pressure metering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20seed%20measurement" title=" wind seed measurement"> wind seed measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82845/simultaneous-measurement-of-wave-pressure-and-wind-speed-with-the-specific-instrument-and-the-unit-of-measurement-description" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82845.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4025</span> Physically Informed Kernels for Wave Loading Prediction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20James%20Pitchforth">Daniel James Pitchforth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20James%20Rogers"> Timothy James Rogers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulf%20Tyge%20Tygesen"> Ulf Tyge Tygesen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Jane%20Cross"> Elizabeth Jane Cross</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wave loading is a primary cause of fatigue within offshore structures and its quantification presents a challenging and important subtask within the SHM framework. The accurate representation of physics in such environments is difficult, however, driving the development of data-driven techniques in recent years. Within many industrial applications, empirical laws remain the preferred method of wave loading prediction due to their low computational cost and ease of implementation. This paper aims to develop an approach that combines data-driven Gaussian process models with physical empirical solutions for wave loading, including Morison’s Equation. The aim here is to incorporate physics directly into the covariance function (kernel) of the Gaussian process, enforcing derived behaviors whilst still allowing enough flexibility to account for phenomena such as vortex shedding, which may not be represented within the empirical laws. The combined approach has a number of advantages, including improved performance over either component used independently and interpretable hyperparameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20structures" title="offshore structures">offshore structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaussian%20processes" title=" Gaussian processes"> Gaussian processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Physics%20informed%20machine%20learning" title=" Physics informed machine learning"> Physics informed machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kernel%20design" title=" Kernel design"> Kernel design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146250/physically-informed-kernels-for-wave-loading-prediction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4024</span> Solutions for Large Diameter Piles Stifness Used in Offshore Wind Turbine Farms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Aissa">M. H. Aissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amar%20Bouzid%20Dj"> Amar Bouzid Dj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As known, many countries are now planning to build new wind farms with high capacity up to 5MW. Consequently, the size of the foundation increase. These kinds of structures are subject to fatigue damage from environmental loading mainly due to wind and waves as well as from cyclic loading imposed through the rotational frequency (1P) through mass and aerodynamic imbalances and from the blade passing frequency (3P) of the wind turbine which make them behavior dynamically very sensitive. That is why natural frequency must be determined with accuracy from the existing data of the soil and the foundation stiffness sources of uncertainties, to avoid the resonance of the system. This paper presents analytical expressions of stiffness foundation with large diameter in linear soil behavior in different soil stiffness profile. To check the accuracy of the proposed formulas, a mathematical model approach based on non-dimensional parameters is used to calculate the natural frequency taking into account the soil structure interaction (SSI) compared with the p-y method and measured frequency in the North Sea Wind farms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind%20turbines" title="offshore wind turbines">offshore wind turbines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi%20analytical%20FE%20analysis" title=" semi analytical FE analysis"> semi analytical FE analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-y%20curves" title=" p-y curves"> p-y curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piles%20foundations" title=" piles foundations"> piles foundations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33799/solutions-for-large-diameter-piles-stifness-used-in-offshore-wind-turbine-farms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4023</span> Reliability-based Condition Assessment of Offshore Wind Turbines using SHM data </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caglayan%20Hizal">Caglayan Hizal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Emre%20Demirci"> Hasan Emre Demirci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Engin%20Aktas"> Engin Aktas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alper%20Sezer"> Alper Sezer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Offshore wind turbines consist of a long slender tower with a heavy fixed mass on the top of the tower (nacelle), together with a heavy rotating mass (blades and hub). They are always subjected to environmental loads including wind and wave loads in their service life. This study presents a three-stage methodology for reliability-based condition assessment of offshore wind-turbines against the seismic, wave and wind induced effects considering the soil-structure interaction. In this context, failure criterions are considered as serviceability limits of a monopile supporting an Offshore Wind Turbine: (a) allowable horizontal displacement at pile head should not exceed 0.2 m, (b) rotations at pile head should not exceed 0.5°. A Bayesian system identification framework is adapted to the classical reliability analysis procedure. Using this framework, a reliability assessment can be directly implemented to the updated finite element model without performing time-consuming methods. For numerical verification, simulation data of the finite model of a real offshore wind-turbine structure is investigated using the three-stage methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Offshore%20wind%20turbines" title="Offshore wind turbines">Offshore wind turbines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SHM" title=" SHM"> SHM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20assessment" title=" reliability assessment"> reliability assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-structure%20interaction" title=" soil-structure interaction"> soil-structure interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135552/reliability-based-condition-assessment-of-offshore-wind-turbines-using-shm-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4022</span> Improved Traveling Wave Method Based Fault Location Algorithm for Multi-Terminal Transmission System of Wind Farm with Grounding Transformer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ke%20Zhang">Ke Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongli%20Zhu"> Yongli Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to rapid load growths in today’s highly electrified societies and the requirement for green energy sources, large-scale wind farm power transmission system is constantly developing. This system is a typical multi-terminal power supply system, whose structure of the network topology of transmission lines is complex. What’s more, it locates in the complex terrain of mountains and grasslands, thus increasing the possibility of transmission line faults and finding the fault location with difficulty after the faults and resulting in an extremely serious phenomenon of abandoning the wind. In order to solve these problems, a fault location method for multi-terminal transmission line based on wind farm characteristics and improved single-ended traveling wave positioning method is proposed. Through studying the zero sequence current characteristics by using the characteristics of the grounding transformer(GT) in the existing large-scale wind farms, it is obtained that the criterion for judging the fault interval of the multi-terminal transmission line. When a ground short-circuit fault occurs, there is only zero sequence current on the path between GT and the fault point. Therefore, the interval where the fault point exists is obtained by determining the path of the zero sequence current. After determining the fault interval, The location of the short-circuit fault point is calculated by the traveling wave method. However, this article uses an improved traveling wave method. It makes the positioning accuracy more accurate by combining the single-ended traveling wave method with double-ended electrical data. What’s more, a method of calculating the traveling wave velocity is deduced according to the above improvements (it is the actual wave velocity in theory). The improvement of the traveling wave velocity calculation method further improves the positioning accuracy. Compared with the traditional positioning method, the average positioning error of this method is reduced by 30%.This method overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional method in poor fault location of wind farm transmission lines. In addition, it is more accurate than the traditional fixed wave velocity method in the calculation of the traveling wave velocity. It can calculate the wave velocity in real time according to the scene and solve the traveling wave velocity can’t be updated with the environment and real-time update. The method is verified in PSCAD/EMTDC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounding%20transformer" title="grounding transformer">grounding transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-terminal%20transmission%20line" title=" multi-terminal transmission line"> multi-terminal transmission line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20circuit%20fault%20location" title=" short circuit fault location"> short circuit fault location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traveling%20wave%20velocity" title=" traveling wave velocity"> traveling wave velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20farm" title=" wind farm"> wind farm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72681/improved-traveling-wave-method-based-fault-location-algorithm-for-multi-terminal-transmission-system-of-wind-farm-with-grounding-transformer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4021</span> A Discrete Element Method Centrifuge Model of Monopile under Cyclic Lateral Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuo%20Duan">Nuo Duan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%20Pik%20Cheng"> Yi Pik Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the data of a series of two-dimensional Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of a large-diameter rigid monopile subjected to cyclic loading under a high gravitational force. At present, monopile foundations are widely used to support the tall and heavy wind turbines, which are also subjected to significant from wind and wave actions. A safe design must address issues such as rotations and changes in soil stiffness subject to these loadings conditions. Design guidance on the issue is limited, so are the availability of laboratory and field test data. The interpretation of these results in sand, such as the relation between loading and displacement, relies mainly on empirical correlations to pile properties. Regarding numerical models, most data from Finite Element Method (FEM) can be found. They are not comprehensive, and most of the FEM results are sensitive to input parameters. The micro scale behaviour could change the mechanism of the soil-structure interaction. A DEM model was used in this paper to study the cyclic lateral loads behaviour. A non-dimensional framework is presented and applied to interpret the simulation results. The DEM data compares well with various set of published experimental centrifuge model test data in terms of lateral deflection. The accumulated permanent pile lateral displacements induced by the cyclic lateral loads were found to be dependent on the characteristics of the applied cyclic load, such as the extent of the loading magnitudes and directions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading" title="cyclic loading">cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title=" DEM"> DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modelling" title=" numerical modelling"> numerical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sands" title=" sands"> sands</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39114/a-discrete-element-method-centrifuge-model-of-monopile-under-cyclic-lateral-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4020</span> Potentiality of the Wind Energy in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Benoudjafer">C. Benoudjafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Tandjaoui"> M. N. Tandjaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Benachaiba"> C. Benachaiba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of kinetic energy of the wind is in full rise in the world and it starts to be known in our country but timidly. One or more aero generators can be installed to produce for example electricity on isolated places or not connected to the electrical supply network. To use the wind as energy source, it is necessary to know first the energy needs for the population and study the wind intensity, speed, frequency and direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energies" title=" renewable energies"> renewable energies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind" title=" wind"> wind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20power" title=" wind power"> wind power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aero-generators" title=" aero-generators"> aero-generators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energetic%20potential" title=" wind energetic potential"> wind energetic potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19479/potentiality-of-the-wind-energy-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4019</span> Further Development of Offshore Floating Solar and Its Design Requirements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madjid%20Karimirad">Madjid Karimirad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Floating solar was not very well-known in the renewable energy field a decade ago; however, there has been tremendous growth internationally with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of nearly 30% in recent years. To reach the goal of global net-zero emission by 2050, all renewable energy sources including solar should be used. Considering that 40% of the world’s population lives within 100 kilometres of the coasts, floating solar in coastal waters is an obvious energy solution. However, this requires more robust floating solar solutions. This paper tries to enlighten the fundamental requirements in the design of floating solar for offshore installations from the hydrodynamic and offshore engineering points of view. In this regard, a closer look at dynamic characteristics, stochastic behaviour and nonlinear phenomena appearing in this kind of structure is a major focus of the current article. Floating solar structures are alternative and very attractive green energy installations with (a) Less strain on land usage for densely populated areas; (b) Natural cooling effect with efficiency gain; and (c) Increased irradiance from the reflectivity of water. Also, floating solar in conjunction with the hydroelectric plants can optimise energy efficiency and improve system reliability. The co-locating of floating solar units with other types such as offshore wind, wave energy, tidal turbines as well as aquaculture (fish farming) can result in better ocean space usage and increase the synergies. Floating solar technology has seen considerable developments in installed capacities in the past decade. Development of design standards and codes of practice for floating solar technologies deployed on both inland water-bodies and offshore is required to ensure robust and reliable systems that do not have detrimental impacts on the hosting water body. Floating solar will account for 17% of all PV energy produced worldwide by 2030. To enhance the development, further research in this area is needed. This paper aims to discuss the main critical design aspects in light of the load and load effects that the floating solar platforms are subjected to. The key considerations in hydrodynamics, aerodynamics and simultaneous effects from the wind and wave load actions will be discussed. The link of dynamic nonlinear loading, limit states and design space considering the environmental conditions is set to enable a better understanding of the design requirements of fast-evolving floating solar technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20solar" title="floating solar">floating solar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20renewable%20energy" title=" offshore renewable energy"> offshore renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20and%20wave%20loading" title=" wind and wave loading"> wind and wave loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20space" title=" design space"> design space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173501/further-development-of-offshore-floating-solar-and-its-design-requirements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4018</span> Quantification of Effects of Structure-Soil-Structure Interactions on Urban Environment under Rayleigh Wave Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Kumar">Neeraj Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Narayan"> J. P. Narayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of multiple Structure-Soil-Structure Interactions (SSSI) on the seismic wave-field is generally disregarded by earthquake engineers, particularly the surface waves which cause more damage to buildings. Closely built high rise buildings exchange substantial seismic energy with each other and act as a full-coupled dynamic system. In this paper, SSI effects on the building responses and the free field motion due to a small city consisting 25- homogenous buildings blocks of 10-storey are quantified. The rocking and translational behavior of building under Rayleigh wave loading is studied for different dimensions of the building. The obtained dynamic parameters of buildings revealed a reduction in building roof drift with an increase in number of buildings ahead of the considered building. The strain developed by vertical component of Rayleigh may cause tension in structural components of building. A matching of fundamental frequency of building for the horizontal component of Rayleigh wave with that for vertically incident SV-wave is obtained. Further, the fundamental frequency of building for the vertical vibration is approximately twice to that for horizontal vibration. The city insulation has caused a reduction of amplitude of Rayleigh wave up to 19.3% and 21.6% in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively just outside the city. Further, the insulating effect of city was very large at fundamental frequency of buildings for both the horizontal and vertical components. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the insulating effects of city falling in the path of Rayleigh wave propagation in seismic hazard assessment for an area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure-soil-structure%20interactions" title="structure-soil-structure interactions">structure-soil-structure interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayleigh%20wave%20propagation" title=" Rayleigh wave propagation"> Rayleigh wave propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference%20simulation" title=" finite difference simulation"> finite difference simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20response%20of%20buildings" title=" dynamic response of buildings"> dynamic response of buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75186/quantification-of-effects-of-structure-soil-structure-interactions-on-urban-environment-under-rayleigh-wave-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4017</span> High-Frequency Monitoring Results of a Piled Raft Foundation under Wind Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Pitteloud">Laurent Pitteloud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%B6rg%20Meier"> Jörg Meier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Piled raft foundations represent an efficient and reliable technique for transferring high vertical and horizontal loads to the subsoil. Piled raft foundations were successfully implemented for several high-rise buildings worldwide over the last decades. For the structural design of this foundation type the stiffnesses of both the piles and the raft have to be determined for the static (e.g. dead load, live load) and the dynamic load cases (e.g. earthquake). In this context the question often arises, to which proportion wind loads are to be considered as dynamic loads. Usually a piled raft foundation has to be monitored in order to verify the design hypotheses. As an additional benefit, the analysis of this monitoring data may lead to a better understanding of the behaviour of this foundation type for future projects in similar subsoil conditions. In case the measurement frequency is high enough, one may also draw conclusions on the effect of wind loading on the piled raft foundation. For a 41-storey office building in Basel, Switzerland, the preliminary design showed that a piled raft foundation was the best solution to satisfy both design requirements, as well as economic aspects. A high-frequency monitoring of the foundation including pile loads, vertical stresses under the raft, as well as pore water pressures was performed over 5 years. In windy situations the analysis of the measurements shows that the pile load increment due to wind consists of a static and a cyclic load term. As piles and raft react with different stiffnesses under static and dynamic loading, these measurements are useful for the correct definition of stiffnesses of future piled raft foundations. This paper outlines the design strategy and the numerical modelling of the aforementioned piled raft foundation. The measurement results are presented and analysed. Based on the findings, comments and conclusions on the definition of pile and raft stiffnesses for vertical and wind loading are proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title="design">design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic" title=" dynamic"> dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundation" title=" foundation"> foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile" title=" pile"> pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raft" title=" raft"> raft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20load" title=" wind load"> wind load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82802/high-frequency-monitoring-results-of-a-piled-raft-foundation-under-wind-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4016</span> Stochastic Modelling for Mixed Mode Fatigue Delamination Growth of Wind Turbine Composite Blades</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20Zhang">Chi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua-Peng%20Chen"> Hua-Peng Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the increasingly demanding resources in the word, renewable and clean energy has been considered as an alternative way to replace traditional ones. Thus, one of practical examples for using wind energy is wind turbine, which has gained more attentions in recent research. Like most offshore structures, the blades, which is the most critical components of the wind turbine, will be subjected to millions of loading cycles during service life. To operate safely in marine environments, the blades are typically made from fibre reinforced composite materials to resist fatigue delamination and harsh environment. The fatigue crack development of blades is uncertain because of indeterminate mechanical properties for composite and uncertainties under offshore environment like wave loads, wind loads, and humid environments. There are three main delamination failure modes for composite blades, and the most common failure type in practices is subjected to mixed mode loading, typically a range of opening (mode 1) and shear (mode 2). However, the fatigue crack development for mixed mode cannot be predicted as deterministic values because of various uncertainties in realistic practical situation. Therefore, selecting an effective stochastic model to evaluate the mixed mode behaviour of wind turbine blades is a critical issue. In previous studies, gamma process has been considered as an appropriate stochastic approach, which simulates the stochastic deterioration process to proceed in one direction such as realistic situation for fatigue damage failure of wind turbine blades. On the basis of existing studies, various Paris Law equations are discussed to simulate the propagation of the fatigue crack growth. This paper develops a Paris model with the stochastic deterioration modelling according to gamma process for predicting fatigue crack performance in design service life. A numerical example of wind turbine composite materials is investigated to predict the mixed mode crack depth by Paris law and the probability of fatigue failure by gamma process. The probability of failure curves under different situations are obtained from the stochastic deterioration model for comparisons. Compared with the results from experiments, the gamma process can take the uncertain values into consideration for crack propagation of mixed mode, and the stochastic deterioration process shows a better agree well with realistic crack process for composite blades. Finally, according to the predicted results from gamma stochastic model, assessment strategies for composite blades are developed to reduce total lifecycle costs and increase resistance for fatigue crack growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reinforced%20fibre%20composite" title="Reinforced fibre composite">Reinforced fibre composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wind%20turbine%20blades" title=" Wind turbine blades"> Wind turbine blades</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatigue%20delamination" title=" Fatigue delamination"> Fatigue delamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mixed%20failure%20mode" title=" Mixed failure mode"> Mixed failure mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stochastic%20process." title=" Stochastic process."> Stochastic process.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36619/stochastic-modelling-for-mixed-mode-fatigue-delamination-growth-of-wind-turbine-composite-blades" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4015</span> An Investigation of Wind Loading Effects on the Design of Elevated Steel Tanks with Lattice Tower Supporting Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20van%20Vuuren">J. van Vuuren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20J.%20van%20Vuuren"> D. J. van Vuuren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Muigai"> R. Muigai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent times, South Africa has experienced extensive droughts that created the need for reliable small water reservoirs. These reservoirs have comparatively quick fabrication and installation times compared to market alternatives. An elevated water tank has inherent potential energy, resulting in that no additional water pumps are required to sustain water pressure at the outlet point – thus ensuring that, without electricity, a water source is available. The initial construction formwork and the complex geometric shape of concrete towers that requires casting can become time-consuming, rendering steel towers preferable. Reinforced concrete foundations, cast in advance, are required to be of sufficient strength. Thereafter, the prefabricated steel supporting structure and tank, which consist of steel panels, can be assembled and erected on site within a couple of days. Due to the time effectiveness of this system, it has become a popular solution to aid drought-stricken areas. These sites are normally in rural, schools or farmland areas. As these tanks can contain up to 2000kL (approximately 19.62MN) of water, combined with supporting lattice steel structures ranging between 5m and 30m in height, failure of one of the supporting members will result in system failure. Thus, there is a need to gain a comprehensive understanding of the operation conditions because of wind loadings on both the tank and the supporting structure. The aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between the theoretical wind loading on a lattice steel tower in combination with an elevated sectional steel tank, and the current wind loading codes, as applicable to South Africa. The research compares the respective design parameters (both theoretical and wind loading codes) whereby FEA analyses are conducted on the various design solutions. The currently available wind loading codes are not sufficient to design slender cantilever latticed steel towers that support elevated water storage tanks. Numerous factors in the design codes are not comprehensively considered when designing the system as these codes are dependent on various assumptions. Factors that require investigation for the study are; the wind loading angle to the face of the structure that will result in maximum load; the internal structural effects on models with different bracing patterns; the loading influence of the aspect ratio of the tank; and the clearance height of the tank on the structural members. Wind loads, as the variable that results in the highest failure rate of cantilevered lattice steel tower structures, require greater understanding. This study aims to contribute towards the design process of elevated steel tanks with lattice tower supporting structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title="aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bracing%20patterns" title=" bracing patterns"> bracing patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clearance%20height" title=" clearance height"> clearance height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevated%20steel%20tanks" title=" elevated steel tanks"> elevated steel tanks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20steel%20tower" title=" lattice steel tower"> lattice steel tower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20loads" title=" wind loads"> wind loads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99222/an-investigation-of-wind-loading-effects-on-the-design-of-elevated-steel-tanks-with-lattice-tower-supporting-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4014</span> Experimental Investigation of Tip-Speed-Ratio Effects on Wake Dynamics of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Bayron">Paul Bayron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Kelso"> Richard Kelso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rey%20Chin"> Rey Chin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind tunnel experiments were performed in the KC closed-circuit wind tunnel in the University of Adelaide to study the influence of tip-speed-ratio ( <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotwire%20anemometry" title="hotwire anemometry">hotwire anemometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wake%20dynamics" title=" wake dynamics"> wake dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title=" wind tunnel"> wind tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbines" title=" wind turbines"> wind turbines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137158/experimental-investigation-of-tip-speed-ratio-effects-on-wake-dynamics-of-horizontal-axis-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4013</span> Finite Element Simulation of an Offshore Monopile Subjected to Cyclic Loading Using Hypoplasticity with Intergranular Strain Anisotropy (ISA) for the Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Fuentes">William Fuentes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melany%20Gil"> Melany Gil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical simulations of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in shallow waters demand sophisticated models considering the cyclic nature of the environmental loads. For the case of an OWT founded on sands, rapid loading may cause a reduction of the effective stress of the soil surrounding the structure. This eventually leads to its settlement, tilting, or other issues affecting its serviceability. In this work, a 3D FE model of an OWT founded on sand is constructed and analyzed. Cyclic loading with different histories is applied at certain points of the tower to simulate some environmental forces. The mechanical behavior of the soil is simulated through the recently proposed ISA-hypoplastic model for sands. The Intergranular Strain Anisotropy ISA can be interpreted as an enhancement of the intergranular strain theory, often used to extend hypoplastic formulations for the simulation of cyclic loading. In contrast to previous formulations, the proposed constitutive model introduces an elastic range for small strain amplitudes, includes the cyclic mobility effect and is able to capture the cyclic behavior of sands under a larger number of cycles. The model performance is carefully evaluated on the FE dynamic analysis of the OWT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20wind%20turbine" title="offshore wind turbine">offshore wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monopile" title=" monopile"> monopile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISA" title=" ISA"> ISA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypoplasticity" title=" hypoplasticity"> hypoplasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91237/finite-element-simulation-of-an-offshore-monopile-subjected-to-cyclic-loading-using-hypoplasticity-with-intergranular-strain-anisotropy-isa-for-the-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4012</span> A Study on Method for Identifying Capacity Factor Declination of Wind Turbines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongheon%20Shin">Dongheon Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyungnam%20Ko"> Kyungnam Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jongchul%20Huh"> Jongchul Huh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The investigation on wind turbine degradation was carried out using the nacelle wind data. The three Vestas V80-2MW wind turbines of Sungsan wind farm in Jeju Island, South Korea were selected for this work. The SCADA data of the wind farm for five years were analyzed to draw power curve of the turbines. It is assumed that the wind distribution is the Rayleigh distribution to calculate the normalized capacity factor based on the drawn power curve of the three wind turbines for each year. The result showed that the reduction of power output from the three wind turbines occurred every year and the normalized capacity factor decreased to 0.12%/year on average. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20energy" title="wind energy">wind energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20curve" title=" power curve"> power curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20factor" title=" capacity factor"> capacity factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annual%20energy%20production" title=" annual energy production"> annual energy production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21424/a-study-on-method-for-identifying-capacity-factor-declination-of-wind-turbines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4011</span> Design and Development of Wind Turbine Emulator to Operate with 1.5 kW Induction Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himani%20Ratna%20Dahiya">Himani Ratna Dahiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper contributes to design a Wind Emulator coupled to 1.5 kW Induction generator for Wind Energy Conversion System. A wind turbine emulator (WTE) is important equipment for developing wind energy conversion systems. It offers a controllable test environment that allows the evaluation and improvement of control schemes for electric generators that is hard to achieve with an actual wind turbine since the wind speed varies randomly. In this paper a wind emulator is modeled and simulated using MATLAB. Verification of the simulation results is done by experimental setup using DC motor-Induction generator set, LABVIEW and data acquisition card. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wind%20Turbine%20Emulator" title="Wind Turbine Emulator">Wind Turbine Emulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LABVIEW" title=" LABVIEW"> LABVIEW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matlab" title=" matlab"> matlab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20generator" title=" induction generator"> induction generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16620/design-and-development-of-wind-turbine-emulator-to-operate-with-15-kw-induction-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4010</span> Efficient Wind Fragility Analysis of Concrete Chimney under Stochastic Extreme Wind Incorporating Temperature Effects </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumya%20Bhattacharjya">Soumya Bhattacharjya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avinandan%20Sahoo"> Avinandan Sahoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Datta"> Gaurav Datta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wind fragility analysis of chimney is often carried out disregarding temperature effect. However, the combined effect of wind and temperature is the most critical limit state for chimney design. Hence, in the present paper, an efficient fragility analysis for concrete chimney is explored under combined wind and temperature effect. Wind time histories are generated by Davenports Power Spectral Density Function and using Weighed Amplitude Wave Superposition Technique. Fragility analysis is often carried out in full Monte Carlo Simulation framework, which requires extensive computational time. Thus, in the present paper, an efficient adaptive metamodelling technique is adopted to judiciously approximate limit state function, which will be subsequently used in the simulation framework. This will save substantial computational time and make the approach computationally efficient. Uncertainty in wind speed, wind load related parameters, and resistance-related parameters is considered. The results by the full simulation approach, conventional metamodelling approach and proposed adaptive metamodelling approach will be compared. Effect of disregarding temperature in wind fragility analysis will be highlighted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20metamodelling%20technique" title="adaptive metamodelling technique">adaptive metamodelling technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20chimney" title=" concrete chimney"> concrete chimney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragility%20analysis" title=" fragility analysis"> fragility analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20extreme%20wind%20load" title=" stochastic extreme wind load"> stochastic extreme wind load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20effect" title=" temperature effect"> temperature effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87237/efficient-wind-fragility-analysis-of-concrete-chimney-under-stochastic-extreme-wind-incorporating-temperature-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4009</span> Aerodynamic Optimum Nose Shape Change of High-Speed Train by Design Variable Variation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minho%20Kwak">Minho Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhwan%20Yun"> Suhwan Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choonsoo%20Park"> Choonsoo Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nose shape optimizations of high-speed train are performed for the improvement of aerodynamic characteristics. Based on the commercial train, KTX-Sancheon, multi-objective optimizations are conducted for the improvement of the side wind stability and the micro-pressure wave following the optimization for the reduction of aerodynamic drag. 3D nose shapes are modelled by the Vehicle Modeling Function. Aerodynamic drag and side wind stability are calculated by three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes solver, and micro pressure wave is done by axi-symmetric compressible Navier-Stokes solver. The Maxi-min Latin Hypercube Sampling method is used to extract sampling points to construct the approximation model. The kriging model is constructed for the approximation model and the NSGA-II algorithm was used as the multi-objective optimization algorithm. Nose length, nose tip height, and lower surface curvature are design variables. Because nose length is a dominant variable for aerodynamic characteristics of train nose, two optimization processes are progressed respectively with and without the design variable, nose length. Each pareto set was obtained and each optimized nose shape is selected respectively considering Honam high-speed rail line infrastructure in South Korea. Through the optimization process with the nose length, when compared to KTX Sancheon, aerodynamic drag was reduced by 9.0%, side wind stability was improved by 4.5%, micro-pressure wave was reduced by 5.4% whereas aerodynamic drag by 7.3%, side wind stability by 3.9%, micro-pressure wave by 3.9%, without the nose length. As a result of comparison between two optimized shapes, similar shapes are extracted other than the effect of nose length. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20characteristics" title="aerodynamic characteristics">aerodynamic characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20variable" title=" design variable"> design variable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-objective%20optimization" title=" multi-objective optimization"> multi-objective optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=train%20nose%20shape" title=" train nose shape"> train nose shape</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67477/aerodynamic-optimum-nose-shape-change-of-high-speed-train-by-design-variable-variation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4008</span> Dynamic Behavior of Brain Tissue under Transient Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20J.%20Zhou">Y. J. Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Lu"> G. Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an analytical study is made for the dynamic behavior of human brain tissue under transient loading. In this analytical model the Mooney-Rivlin constitutive law is coupled with visco-elastic constitutive equations to take into account both the nonlinear and time-dependent mechanical behavior of brain tissue. Five ordinary differential equations representing the relationships of five main parameters (radial stress, circumferential stress, radial strain, circumferential strain, and particle velocity) are obtained by using the characteristic method to transform five partial differential equations (two continuity equations, one motion equation, and two constitutive equations). Analytical expressions of the attenuation properties for spherical wave in brain tissue are analytically derived. Numerical results are obtained based on the five ordinary differential equations. The mechanical responses (particle velocity and stress) of brain are compared at different radii including 5, 6, 10, 15 and 25 mm under four different input conditions. The results illustrate that loading curves types of the particle velocity significantly influences the stress in brain tissue. The understanding of the influence by the input loading cures can be used to reduce the potentially injury to brain under head impact by designing protective structures to control the loading curves types. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20method" title="analytical method">analytical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20responses" title=" mechanical responses"> mechanical responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spherical%20wave%20propagation" title=" spherical wave propagation"> spherical wave propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traumatic%20brain%20injury" title=" traumatic brain injury"> traumatic brain injury</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11805/dynamic-behavior-of-brain-tissue-under-transient-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20and%20wave%20loading&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20and%20wave%20loading&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20and%20wave%20loading&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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