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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Cechy_diaspor_według_Robina_Cohena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cechy_diaspor_według_Robina_Cohena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Cechy diaspor według Robina Cohena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cechy_diaspor_według_Robina_Cohena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspory_a_religie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspory_a_religie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Diaspory a religie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaspory_a_religie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspory_a_polityka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspory_a_polityka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diaspory a polityka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaspory_a_polityka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Diaspora (naród)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 85 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Адиаспора – abchaski" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Адиаспора" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="شتات – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شتات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%83%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%BC%D6%84_(%D5%A8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80)" title="Սփիւռք (ընդհանուր) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սփիւռք (ընդհանուր)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A1spora" title="Diáspora – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Diáspora" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspor" title="Diaspor – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Diaspor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="বিক্ষিপ্ত উদ্বাসন – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিক্ষিপ্ত উদ্বাসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Диаспора – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Диаспора" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Дыяспара – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дыяспара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Дыяспара – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дыяспара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Диаспора – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Диаспора" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijaspora" title="Dijaspora – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dijaspora" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A0spora" title="Diàspora – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diàspora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Диаспора – czuwaski" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Диаспора" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="czuwaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diasporaa" title="Diasporaa – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Diasporaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A1spora" title="Diáspora – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diáspora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diasporo" title="Diasporo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Diasporo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86" title="جوامع دور از وطن – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوامع دور از وطن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A1spora_(grupo)" title="Diáspora (grupo) – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Diáspora (grupo)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%8F%AC%EB%9D%BC" title="디아스포라 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디아스포라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%83%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BC%D6%84" title="Սփյուռք – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սփյուռք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE)" title="विकीर्णन (डायसपोरा) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकीर्णन (डायसपोरा)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijaspora" title="Dijaspora – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dijaspora" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="פזורה – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פזורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="დიასპორა – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიასპორა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Диаспора – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Диаспора" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyaspora" title="Diyaspora – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Diyaspora" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Диаспора – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Диаспора" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaszp%C3%B3ra" title="Diaszpóra – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Diaszpóra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Дијаспора – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дијаспора" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1" title="ഡയസ്പൊറ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡയസ്പൊറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="شتات – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شتات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora_(antropologie)" title="Diaspora (antropologie) – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Diaspora (antropologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – dolnosaksoński" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="dolnosaksoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9D%E3%83%A9" title="ディアスポラ – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ディアスポラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਡਾਇਆਸਪੋਰਾ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਾਇਆਸਪੋਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87_(%DA%89%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7)" title="خواره ولسونه (ډیاسپورا) – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خواره ولسونه (ډیاسپورا)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A1spora" title="Diáspora – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Diáspora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Диаспора – rusiński" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Диаспора" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Диаспора – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диаспора" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A0spora" title="Diàspora – sycylijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Diàspora" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sycylijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F" title="ඩයස්පෝරා – syngaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඩයස්පෝරා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="syngaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qurbajoog" title="Qurbajoog – somalijski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qurbajoog" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Дијаспора – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дијаспора" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijaspora" title="Dijaspora – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dijaspora" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="விரிந்து பரவிய புலம்பெயர் இனம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விரிந்து பரவிய புலம்பெயர் இனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Диаспора – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Диаспора" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="การพลัดถิ่น – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การพลัดถิ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Диаспора – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Диаспора" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Діаспора – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діаспора" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="انتشار – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انتشار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Diaspora" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%95%A3" title="流散 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="流散" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%95%A3" title="流散 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="流散" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%95%A3" title="流散 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="流散" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133004#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><div class="noprint noexcerpt disambig navigation-not-searchable" style="line-height:1.5em; padding: 3px 6px; background-color: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_ujednoznaczniaj%C4%85ca" title="Inne znaczenia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/25px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/38px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/50px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span><span>Ten artykuł dotyczy socjologii. Zobacz też: <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" class="mw-disambig" title="Diaspora">inne znaczenia tej nazwy</a>.</span></div> <p><b>Diaspora</b> – słowo pochodzenia <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_grecki" title="Język grecki">greckiego</a>, oznaczające rozproszenie członków danego <a href="/wiki/Nar%C3%B3d" title="Naród">narodu</a> bądź <a href="/wiki/Grupa_etniczna" title="Grupa etniczna">grupy etnicznej</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012150_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012150-1">[1]</a></sup> wśród innych narodów lub też wyznawców danej <a href="/wiki/Religia" title="Religia">religii</a> wśród wyznawców innej<sup id="cite_ref-DiasporaPWN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DiasporaPWN-2">[2]</a></sup>, nadawane konkretnym grupom przez naukowców lub też w wyniku autodefiniowania. Nazywa się tak również społeczność rozproszonych osób oraz geograficzną przestrzeń zamieszkiwaną przez taką społeczność<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012145_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012145-3">[3]</a></sup>. </p><p>Semantycznie <i>diaspora</i> (<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku greckim (Ελληνικά)">gr.</abbr>)</span> <i>diaspeirō</i>) oznacza „rozmieszczać”, które to słowo jest połączeniem wyrazów <i>speirō</i> (siać) oraz <i>dia</i> („z jednego końca na drugi”). Jako klasyczne wymienia się diaspory <a href="/wiki/Grecy" title="Grecy">grecką</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ormianie" title="Ormianie">ormiańską</a> oraz żydowską. Początkowo pojęcie wiązano z historią <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBydzi" title="Żydzi">Żydów</a>, a później z innymi rozproszonymi <a href="/wiki/Lud" title="Lud">ludami</a> o wspólnej religii i kulturze<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012144–146_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012144–146-4">[4]</a></sup>. Z czasem stało się ono na tyle wieloznaczne, że obejmować zaczęło wszelkie duże i przez to zauważalne społeczności imigrantów, w tym także migrantów sezonowych i <a href="/wiki/Uchod%C5%BAca" title="Uchodźca">uchodźców</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012147_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012147-5">[5]</a></sup>, a jednocześnie zaczęło być używane przez postmodernistów w przeciwstawianiu się <a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo_narodowe" title="Państwo narodowe">państwu narodowemu</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cechy_diaspor_według_Robina_Cohena"><span id="Cechy_diaspor_wed.C5.82ug_Robina_Cohena"></span>Cechy diaspor według Robina Cohena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Cechy diaspor według Robina Cohena" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Cechy diaspor według Robina Cohena"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>przenoszenie się z pierwotnej <a href="/wiki/Ojczyzna" title="Ojczyzna">ojczyzny</a> na nowy obszar lub wiele obszarów, często w wyniku traumatycznych doświadczeń, czasem w wyniku potrzeb zarobkowych lub kolonialnych;</li> <li>wspólna pamięć ojczyzny członków diaspory połączona z jej idealizacją i potrzebą działania na rzecz jej ciągłego trwania, a także społeczne aprobowanie powrotu do niej;</li> <li>pielęgnowana, mimo upływu czasu i przestrzennego rozproszenia, tożsamość etniczna oparta na poczuciu odrębności i wspólnego losu;</li> <li>poczucie solidarności z członkami diaspory w innych państwach;</li> <li>pewne napięcia w relacjach z ludnością krajów zamieszkania wynikające z braku akceptacji lub rozwój kreatywności w państwach otwartych na <a href="/wiki/Pluralizm_(socjologia)" title="Pluralizm (socjologia)">pluralizm</a>;</li> <li>„triadyczne powiązanie” autoidentyfikacji grupy etnicznej w jej środowisku z członkami grupy etnicznej w innych częściach świata oraz ojczyznami, z których te grupy się wywodzą<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012148_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012148-6">[6]</a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diaspory_a_religie">Diaspory a religie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Diaspory a religie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Diaspory a religie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Według Robina Cohena pojęcia tego nie należy wiązać z religiami, ponieważ religie mogą łączyć wiele grup etnicznych, a nie jest ich celem powrót do ojczyzny. Nie dotyczy to wyznawców <a href="/wiki/Judaizm" title="Judaizm">judaizmu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sikhizm" title="Sikhizm">sikhizmu</a>, a także <a href="/wiki/Alewici" title="Alewici">alewitów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahaizm" title="Bahaizm">bahaitów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ismailizm" title="Ismailizm">izmaelitów</a> oraz <a href="/wiki/Ruch_Rastafari" title="Ruch Rastafari">rastafarian</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012150_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012150-1">[1]</a></sup>. Inni autorzy zakładają, że można mówić o diasporach religijnych, wskazują też na takie związki jak „kraj macierzysty religii” bądź to, że powstanie diaspory implikuje praktyki religijne. Takie ujęcie jest jednak problematyczne, ponieważ przedstawiciele danego narodu żyjący we własnym państwie byliby diasporą jakiejś religii, której kraj macierzysty ulokowany jest w innym miejscu<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012150–151_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012150–151-7">[7]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diaspory_a_polityka">Diaspory a polityka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Diaspory a polityka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Diaspory a polityka"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angażowanie diaspor, zarówno wspólnot etnicznych i religijnych, jak i kolejnych pokoleń potomków <a href="/wiki/Migracja_ludno%C5%9Bci" title="Migracja ludności">emigrantów</a> w sprawy danej <a href="/wiki/Ojczyzna" title="Ojczyzna">ojczyzny</a> jest jedną z form „ojczyźnianej” lojalności politycznej i wzmacniane jest dzięki m.in. łatwemu transportowi, komunikacji internetowej bądź możliwości posiadania podwójnego <a href="/wiki/Obywatelstwo" title="Obywatelstwo">obywatelstwa</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012103–104_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012103–104-8">[8]</a></sup>. Niejednokrotnie <a href="/wiki/Nacjonalizm" title="Nacjonalizm">nacjonalizm</a> i ruchy narodowowyzwoleńcze inicjowane są poza terytorium postulowanego państwa, a sama migracja może ożywiać tożsamość narodową<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEriksen2013228_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEriksen2013228-9">[9]</a></sup>. </p><p>Przeciwstawnym do diaspory pojęciem jest hybrydyzacja oznaczająca pojawianie się „niejednoznacznych tożsamości” pod wpływem mieszania się kultur oraz deterytorializację. Oba te procesy, tj. hybrydyzacji i kształtowania się diaspor występują jednocześnie<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEriksen2013229_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEriksen2013229-10">[10]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/diaspora" class="extiw" title="wikt:diaspora"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>diaspora</em> w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galut" title="Galut">Galut</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012150-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012150_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012150_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFVertovec2012">Vertovec 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DiasporaPWN-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DiasporaPWN_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235007/http://sjp.pwn.pl/haslo.php?id=2555089">Diaspora – Słownik języka polskiego</a>. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN S.A.. [dostęp 2013-12-30]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sjp.pwn.pl/haslo.php?id=2555089">tego adresu</a> (2013-12-30)].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012145-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012145_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFVertovec2012">Vertovec 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012144–146-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012144–146_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFVertovec2012">Vertovec 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 144–146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012147-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012147_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFVertovec2012">Vertovec 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012148-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012148_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFVertovec2012">Vertovec 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012150–151-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012150–151_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFVertovec2012">Vertovec 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 150–151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFVertovec2012103–104-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFVertovec2012103–104_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFVertovec2012">Vertovec 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 103–104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFEriksen2013228-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEriksen2013228_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFEriksen2013">Eriksen 2013 ↓</a></span>, s. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFEriksen2013229-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEriksen2013229_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFEriksen2013">Eriksen 2013 ↓</a></span>, s. 229.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(nar%C3%B3d)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book" id="CITEREFEriksen2013"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hylland_Eriksen" title="Thomas Hylland Eriksen">Thomas Hylland Eriksen</a>: <i>Etniczność i nacjonalizm. Ujęcie antropologiczne</i>. Barbara Gutowska-Nowak (tłum.). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2013, seria: <a href="/wiki/Cultura_(seria_wydawnicza)" title="Cultura (seria wydawnicza)">Cultura</a>. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788323335627" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788323335627">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-233-3562-7</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etniczno%C5%9B%C4%87+i+nacjonalizm.+Uj%C4%99cie+antropologiczne&rft.aulast=Eriksen&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Hylland&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Uniwersytetu+Jagiello%C5%84skiego&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.series=%5B%5BCultura+%28seria+wydawnicza%29%7CCultura%5D%5D&rft.isbn=978-83-233-3562-7"></span></cite></li> <li><cite class="citation book" id="CITEREFVertovec2012"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Vertovec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Vertovec (strona nie istnieje)">Steven Vertovec</a>: <i>Transnarodowość</i>. Izabela Kołbon (tłum.). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2012, seria: <a href="/wiki/Cultura_(seria_wydawnicza)" title="Cultura (seria wydawnicza)">Cultura</a>. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788323333715" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788323333715">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-233-3371-5</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transnarodowo%C5%9B%C4%87&rft.aulast=Vertovec&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2012&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Uniwersytetu+Jagiello%C5%84skiego&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.series=%5B%5BCultura+%28seria+wydawnicza%29%7CCultura%5D%5D&rft.isbn=978-83-233-3371-5"></span></cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-s"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">metaklasa pierwszego rzędu</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4012089-2">4012089-2</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124901995">124901995</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph166069">ph166069</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000348565&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000348565</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/diaspora-social-science">topic/diaspora-social-science</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/diaspora">diaspora</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/diaspora/">diaspora</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyk%C5%82opedija_suczasnoji_Ukrajiny" title="Encykłopedija suczasnoji Ukrajiny">ЕСУ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=26340">26340</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=diaspora">diaspora</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(naród)&oldid=65120544">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diaspora_(naród)&oldid=65120544</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Diaspora" title="Kategoria:Diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 5 lis 2021, 12:01.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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