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<span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1930s_and_40s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930s_and_40s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1930s and 40s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930s_and_40s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1950s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_Un-American_Activities_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>House Un-American Activities Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_Un-American_Activities_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s_and_1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s_and_1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1970s and 1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s_and_1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jerome_Robbins_Award" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jerome_Robbins_Award"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Jerome Robbins Award</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jerome_Robbins_Award-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadway_productions_and_notable_ballets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadway_productions_and_notable_ballets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Broadway productions and notable ballets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadway_productions_and_notable_ballets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Video</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerome Robbins</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B2" title="جيروم روبنز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيروم روبنز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="জেরোম রবিন্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেরোম রবিন্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Джером Роббинс – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Джером Роббинс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Джэром Робінс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джэром Робінс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="جروم رابینز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جروم رابینز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%A1%AC_%EB%A1%9C%EB%B9%88%EC%8A%A4" title="제롬 로빈스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제롬 로빈스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="ג'רום רובינס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'רום רובינס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronymus_Robbins" title="Hieronymus Robbins – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hieronymus Robbins" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86" title="جيرومى روبين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيرومى روبين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="ジェローム・ロビンズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェローム・ロビンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਜੇਰੋਮ ਰੌਬਿਨਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੇਰੋਮ ਰੌਬਿਨਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Роббинс, Джером – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Роббинс, Джером" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEerom_Robins" title="Džerom Robins – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Džerom Robins" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Джером Роббінс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джером Роббінс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jerome Robbins" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%BE%E6%96%AF" title="杰罗姆·罗宾斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American choreographer & director (1918–1998)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jerome Robbins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerome_Robbins_ca._1968_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jerome_Robbins_ca._1968_cropped.jpg/220px-Jerome_Robbins_ca._1968_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jerome_Robbins_ca._1968_cropped.jpg/330px-Jerome_Robbins_ca._1968_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jerome_Robbins_ca._1968_cropped.jpg/440px-Jerome_Robbins_ca._1968_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="936" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Robbins in 1968</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1918-10-11</span>)</span>October 11, 1918<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 29, 1998<span style="display:none">(1998-07-29)</span> (aged 79)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Dancer</li><li>choreographer</li><li>film director</li><li>theatre director</li><li>theatre producer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1937–1998</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Awards">Full list</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jerome Robbins</b> (born <b>Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz</b>; October 11, 1918 – July 29, 1998) was an American dancer, choreographer, film director, theatre director and producer who worked in classical ballet, on stage, film, and television. </p><p>Among his numerous stage productions were <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Town_(musical)" title="On the Town (musical)">On the Town</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan_(1954_musical)" title="Peter Pan (1954 musical)">Peter Pan</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/High_Button_Shoes" title="High Button Shoes">High Button Shoes</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I" title="The King and I">The King and I</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pajama_Game" title="The Pajama Game">The Pajama Game</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bells_Are_Ringing_(musical)" title="Bells Are Ringing (musical)">Bells Are Ringing</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_(musical)" title="Gypsy (musical)">Gypsy</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i>. Robbins was a five-time <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a>-winner and a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a>. He received two <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, including the 1961 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Academy Award for Best Director</a> with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a></i> and a special <a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a> for his choreographic achievements on film. </p><p>A documentary about Robbins's life and work, <i>Something to Dance About</i>, featuring excerpts from his journals, archival performance and rehearsal footage, and interviews with Robbins and his colleagues, premiered on PBS in 2009 and won both an Emmy and a <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Award</a> the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-fick_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robbins was born Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz in the Jewish Maternity Hospital at 270 East Broadway on Manhattan's <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a> – a neighborhood populated by many immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-kisselgoff_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kisselgoff-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the son of Lena Robbins (née Rips) and Harry Rabinowitz (1887-1977).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had an older sister, Sonia (1912-2004).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rabinowitz family lived in a large apartment house at 51 East 97th Street at the northeast corner of <a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue" title="Madison Avenue">Madison Avenue</a>. Known as "Jerry" to those close to him, Robbins was given the middle name Wilson reflecting his parents' patriotic enthusiasm for the then-president, <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>. </p><p>In the early 1920s, the Rabinowitz family moved to <a href="/wiki/Weehawken,_New_Jersey" title="Weehawken, New Jersey">Weehawken, New Jersey</a>. His father and uncle opened the Comfort Corset Company in nearby <a href="/wiki/Union_City,_New_Jersey" title="Union City, New Jersey">Union City</a>. He graduated in 1935 from Woodrow Wilson High School (since renamed as <a href="/wiki/Weehawken_High_School" title="Weehawken High School">Weehawken High School</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-kisselgoff_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kisselgoff-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family had many show business connections, including vaudeville performers and theater owners. In the 1940s, their name was legally changed to Robbins. </p><p>Robbins began studying modern dance in high school with Alys [CK] Bentley, who encouraged her pupils to improvise steps to music. Said Robbins later: "What [she] gave me immediately was the absolute freedom to make up my own dances without inhibition or doubts." After graduation he went to study chemistry at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> (NYU) but dropped out after a year for financial reasons, and to pursue dance full-time. He joined the company of Senya Gluck Sandor, a leading exponent of expressionistic modern dance; it was Sandor who recommended that he change his name to Robbins. Sandor also encouraged him to take ballet, which he did with Ella Daganova; in addition he studied Spanish dancing with Helen Veola; Asian dance with Yeichi Nimura; and dance composition with <a href="/wiki/Bessie_Schonberg" title="Bessie Schonberg">Bessie Schonberg</a>. While a member of Sandor's company Robbins made his stage debut with the <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_Art_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish Art Theater">Yiddish Art Theater</a>, in a small role in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Brothers_Ashkenazi" title="The Brothers Ashkenazi">The Brothers Ashkenazi</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930s_and_40s">1930s and 40s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1930s and 40s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerome_Robbins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jerome_Robbins.jpg/220px-Jerome_Robbins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jerome_Robbins.jpg/330px-Jerome_Robbins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jerome_Robbins.jpg/440px-Jerome_Robbins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="934" /></a><figcaption>Robbins in <i>Three Virgins and a Devil</i>, 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1937 Robbins made the first of many appearances as a dancer at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Tamiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Tamiment">Camp Tamiment</a>, a resort in the Poconos known for its weekly Broadway-style revues; and he began dancing in the choruses of Broadway shows, including <i>Great Lady</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Keep_Off_the_Grass" title="Keep Off the Grass">Keep Off the Grass</a></i>, both choreographed by <a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">George Balanchine</a>. Robbins had also begun creating dances for Tamiment's Revues, some of them comic (featuring the talents of <a href="/wiki/Imogene_Coca" title="Imogene Coca">Imogene Coca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carol_Channing" title="Carol Channing">Carol Channing</a>) and some dramatic, topical, and controversial. One such dance, later also performed in New York City at the 92nd Street Y, was <i>Strange Fruit</i>, set to <a href="/wiki/Strange_Fruit" title="Strange Fruit">the song</a> of the same name sung by <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a>. </p><p>In 1940, Robbins joined Ballet Theatre (later known as <a href="/wiki/American_Ballet_Theatre" title="American Ballet Theatre">American Ballet Theatre</a>). From 1941 through 1944, Robbins was a soloist with the company, attracting notice for his performance as <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_of_Troy_(ballet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen of Troy (ballet) (page does not exist)">Helen of Troy</a></i>, the title role in <i><a href="/wiki/Petrouchka" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrouchka">Petrouchka</a></i>, the Youth in <a href="/wiki/Agnes_de_Mille" title="Agnes de Mille">Agnes de Mille</a>'s <i>Three Virgins and a Devil</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Benvolio" title="Benvolio">Benvolio</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet_(ballet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeo and Juliet (ballet)">Romeo and Juliet</a></i>; he also came under the influence of the choreographers <a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Michel Fokine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antony_Tudor" title="Antony Tudor">Antony Tudor</a>, and George Balanchine. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PaulCadmusTheFleetsIn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/PaulCadmusTheFleetsIn.jpg/220px-PaulCadmusTheFleetsIn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/PaulCadmusTheFleetsIn.jpg/330px-PaulCadmusTheFleetsIn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/PaulCadmusTheFleetsIn.jpg/440px-PaulCadmusTheFleetsIn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><i>The Fleet's In!</i>, painted by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cadmus" title="Paul Cadmus">Paul Cadmus</a>, 1934, the inspiration for the ballet, <i><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Free_(ballet)" title="Fancy Free (ballet)">Fancy Free</a></i> (1944)</figcaption></figure> <p>During this period, Robbins created <i><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Free_(ballet)" title="Fancy Free (ballet)">Fancy Free</a></i>, a ballet with a screwball-comedy plot about sailors on leave that combined classical ballet with 1940s social dancing. He performed in it when it was presented at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> as part of the Ballet Theatre's 1944 season. He said that one of his inspirations for this ballet had been <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cadmus" title="Paul Cadmus">Paul Cadmus</a>'s 1934 painting <i>The Fleet's In!</i>, even though it was lighthearted, which the painting decidedly was not. Robbins said in an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i>: "After seeing ... <i>Fleet's In</i>, which I inwardly rejected though it gave me the idea of doing the ballet, I watched sailors, and girls, too, all over town." Robbins commissioned the score for the ballet from <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, who was a relatively unknown composer at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also enlisted <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smith_(designer)" title="Oliver Smith (designer)">Oliver Smith</a> as set designer. </p><p>Later that year, Robbins conceived and choreographed <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Town_(musical)" title="On the Town (musical)">On the Town</a></i> (1944), a musical partly inspired by <i>Fancy Free</i>, which effectively launched his Broadway career. Bernstein wrote the music and Smith designed the sets. The book and lyrics were written by a team that Robbins would work with again, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a>, and the director was the Broadway legend <a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a>. Because Robbins, as choreographer, insisted that his chorus reflect the racial diversity of a New York City crowd, <i>On the Town</i> broke the color bar on Broadway for the first time. Robbins's next musical was a jazz-age fable,<i><a href="/wiki/Billion_Dollar_Baby" title="Billion Dollar Baby">Billion Dollar Baby</a></i> (1945). During rehearsals for it, an incident happened that became a part of Robbins – and Broadway – lore: the choreographer, preoccupied by giving directions to the dancers, backed up onstage until he fell into the orchestra pit.<sup id="cite_ref-green_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, Robbins received plaudits for his humorous <a href="/wiki/Mack_Sennett" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a> ballet, <i><a href="/wiki/High_Button_Shoes" title="High Button Shoes">High Button Shoes</a></i> (1947), and won his first <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Choreography" title="Tony Award for Best Choreography">choreography</a>. That same year, Robbins would become one of the first members of New York City's newly formed <a href="/wiki/Actors_Studio" title="Actors Studio">Actors Studio</a>, attending classes held by founding member <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lewis_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Lewis (actor)">Robert Lewis</a> three times a week, alongside classmates including <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Stapleton" title="Maureen Stapleton">Maureen Stapleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Clift" title="Montgomery Clift">Montgomery Clift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Berghof" title="Herbert Berghof">Herbert Berghof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a>, and about 20 others.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lewis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948 he added another credit to his resume, becoming co-director as well as choreographer for <i>Look Ma, I'm Dancin'!</i>; the year after that he teamed with <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> to choreograph <i><a href="/wiki/Miss_Liberty" title="Miss Liberty">Miss Liberty</a></i>. </p><p>While he was forging a career on Broadway, Robbins continued to work in ballet, creating a string of inventive and stylistically diverse ballets, including <i><a href="/wiki/Interplay_(ballet)" title="Interplay (ballet)">Interplay</a></i>, which was set to a score by <a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a>, and <i>Facsimile</i>, which was set to music by Leonard Bernstein and was banned in Boston [CK]. In 1949 Robbins left Ballet Theatre to join George Balanchine and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Kirstein" title="Lincoln Kirstein">Lincoln Kirstein</a>'s newly formed <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Ballet" title="New York City Ballet">New York City Ballet</a> as Associate Artistic Director. Soon after that he choreographed <i>The Guests,</i> a ballet about intolerance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s">1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerome_Robbins_1951.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="close-up portrait shot of a man in his 30s. The image appears to have been shot from above the man and slightly to the right of him, so his head appears at an angle. The man has a full head of wavy black hair, he appears to be slightly smiling as he regards the viewer, and enough of his shirt can be viewed to see that his collar is open." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jerome_Robbins_1951.jpg/170px-Jerome_Robbins_1951.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jerome_Robbins_1951.jpg/255px-Jerome_Robbins_1951.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jerome_Robbins_1951.jpg/340px-Jerome_Robbins_1951.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption>Robbins in 1951</figcaption></figure> <p>At New York City Ballet Robbins distinguished himself immediately as both dancer and choreographer. He was noted for his performances in Balanchine's 1929 "The Prodigal Son" (revived expressly for him), Til Eulenspiegel, and (with Tanaquil LeClercq) Bouree Fantasque, as well as for his own ballets, such as Age of Anxiety, The Cage, Afternoon of a Faun, and The Concert, in all of which LeClercq played leading roles. He continued working on Broadway, as well as, staging dances for <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Madam" title="Call Me Madam">Call Me Madam</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodgers_and_Hammerstein" title="Rodgers and Hammerstein">Rodgers and Hammerstein</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I" title="The King and I">The King and I</a>,</i> in which he created the celebrated "Small House of Uncle Thomas" ballet in addition to other dances, and the revue Two's Company, starring Bette Davis. </p><p>He also performed uncredited show doctoring on the musicals <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tree_Grows_in_Brooklyn_(musical)" title="A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (musical)">A Tree Grows in Brooklyn</a></i> (1951), <i><a href="/wiki/Wish_You_Were_Here_(musical)" title="Wish You Were Here (musical)">Wish You Were Here</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="/wiki/Wonderful_Town" title="Wonderful Town">Wonderful Town</a></i> (1953), and choreographed and directed several sketches for <a href="/wiki/The_Ford_50th_Anniversary_Show" title="The Ford 50th Anniversary Show">The Ford 50th Anniversary Show</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a> and Ethel Merman on CBS.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris-23_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-23-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954, Robbins collaborated with <a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pajama_Game" title="The Pajama Game">The Pajama Game</a></i> (1954), which launched the career of <a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a>, and created, choreographed, and directed the Mary Martin vehicle, <i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan_(1954_musical)" title="Peter Pan (1954 musical)">Peter Pan</a></i> (which he re-staged for an Emmy Award-winning television special in 1955, earning himself a nomination for best choreography). He also directed and co-choreographed (with <a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a>) <i><a href="/wiki/Bells_Are_Ringing_(musical)" title="Bells Are Ringing (musical)">Bells Are Ringing</a></i> (1956), starring <a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a>. Robbins recreated his stage dances for The King and I for the <a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I_(1956_film)" title="The King and I (1956 film)">1956 film version</a>. In 1957, he conceived, choreographed, and directed <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i>. </p><p><i>West Side Story</i> is a contemporary version of <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i>, set on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_West_Side_Kitchen,_Manhattan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper West Side Kitchen, Manhattan (page does not exist)">Upper West Side</a>. The show, with music by Leonard Bernstein, marked the first collaboration between Robbins and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a>, who wrote the lyrics, as well as <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents">Arthur Laurents</a>, who wrote the book. Because book, music, and dance were envisioned as an organic whole, the cast, in a Broadway first, had to be equally skilled as actors, singers, and dancers. To help the young cast grow into their roles, Robbins did not allow those playing members of opposite gangs (Jets and Sharks) to mix during the rehearsal process. He also, according to dancer Linda Talcott Lee, "played psychological games" with the cast: "And he would plant rumors among one gang about the other, so they really hated each other."<sup id="cite_ref-gihring_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gihring-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it opened to good reviews, it was overshadowed by <a href="/wiki/Meredith_Willson" title="Meredith Willson">Meredith Willson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Man" title="The Music Man">The Music Man</a></i> at that year's Tony Awards. <i>West Side Story</i> did, however, earn Robbins his second <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Choreography" title="Tony Award for Best Choreography">choreography</a>. </p><p>The streak of hits continued with <i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy:_A_Musical_Fable" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy: A Musical Fable">Gypsy</a></i> (1959), starring <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a>. Robbins re-teamed with Sondheim and Laurents, and the music was by <a href="/wiki/Jule_Styne" title="Jule Styne">Jule Styne</a>. The musical is based (loosely) on the life of stripper <a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Rose_Lee" title="Gypsy Rose Lee">Gypsy Rose Lee</a>. </p><p>In 1956 Robbins's muse, <a href="/wiki/Tanaquil_LeClercq" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanaquil LeClercq">Tanaquil LeClercq</a>, contracted polio and was paralyzed; for the next decade Robbins largely withdrew from his activities at New York City Ballet, but he established his own small dance company, Ballets USA, which premiered at the inaugural season of Gian Carlo Menotti's Festival of the Two Worlds in Spoleto, Italy in June 1958, toured Europe and the US under the auspices of the State Department, and appeared on television on The Ed Sullivan Show. Among the dances he created for Ballets USA were N.Y. Export: Opus Jazz and Moves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="House_Un-American_Activities_Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: House Un-American Activities Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1950, Robbins was called to testify before the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Committee on Un-American Activities</a> (HUAC), suspected of Communist sympathies. Robbins, though willing to confess to past party membership, resisted naming names of others with similar political connections; he held out for three years until, according to two family members in whom he confided, he was threatened with public exposure of his homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-pbs_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robbins named the names of persons he said were Communists, including actors Lloyd Gough and Elliot Sullivan, dance critic Edna Ocko, filmmaker Lionel Berman, playwright Jerome Chodorov, his brother Edward Chodorov, Madeline Lee Gilford and her husband <a href="/wiki/Jack_Gilford" title="Jack Gilford">Jack Gilford</a>, who were blacklisted for their perceived political beliefs and had their careers suffer noticeably, to the point Gilford and his wife often had to borrow money from friends to make ends meet.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because he cooperated with HUAC, Robbins's career did not visibly suffer and he was not blacklisted.<sup id="cite_ref-vaill_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vaill-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s">1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerome_Robbins_at_rehearsal_for_West_Side_Story.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Jerome_Robbins_at_rehearsal_for_West_Side_Story.jpg/220px-Jerome_Robbins_at_rehearsal_for_West_Side_Story.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Jerome_Robbins_at_rehearsal_for_West_Side_Story.jpg/330px-Jerome_Robbins_at_rehearsal_for_West_Side_Story.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e5/Jerome_Robbins_at_rehearsal_for_West_Side_Story.jpg/440px-Jerome_Robbins_at_rehearsal_for_West_Side_Story.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Rehearsals for <i>West Side Story</i>, 1960</div></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1960, Robbins co-directed, with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a>, the <a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">film adaptation of <i>West Side Story</i></a>. After about 45 days of shooting, he was fired when the production was considered 24 days behind schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, when the film received 10 Academy Awards for the 1961 award year, Robbins won two, one for his Direction and one for "Brilliant Achievements in the Art of Choreography on Film". </p><p>In 1962, Robbins directed <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kopit" title="Arthur Kopit">Arthur Kopit</a>'s non-musical play <i><a href="/wiki/Oh_Dad,_Poor_Dad,_Mamma%27s_Hung_You_in_the_Closet_and_I%27m_Feelin%27_So_Sad" title="Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad">Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad</a></i>. The production ran over a year <a href="/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">off-Broadway</a> and was transferred to Broadway for a short run in 1963, after which Robbins directed <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a> in a revival of <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Courage_and_Her_Children" title="Mother Courage and Her Children">Mother Courage and Her Children</a></i>. </p><p>Robbins was still highly sought after as a show doctor. He took over the direction of two troubled productions during this period and helped turn them into successes. In 1962, he saved <i><a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a></i> (1962), a musical farce starring <a href="/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel">Zero Mostel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Gilford" title="Jack Gilford">Jack Gilford</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Burns_(actor)" title="David Burns (actor)">David Burns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Carradine" title="John Carradine">John Carradine</a>. The production, with book by <a href="/wiki/Burt_Shevelove" title="Burt Shevelove">Burt Shevelove</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a>, and score by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a>, was not working. Sondheim wrote and Robbins staged an entirely new opening number, "Comedy Tonight", which explained to the audience what was to follow, and the show played successfully from then on. In 1964, he took on a floundering <i><a href="/wiki/Funny_Girl_(musical)" title="Funny Girl (musical)">Funny Girl</a></i> and devised a show that ran 1348 performances. The musical helped turn lead <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a> into a superstar. </p><p>That same year, Robbins won <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Awards</a> for his <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical">direction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Choreography" title="Tony Award for Best Choreography">choreography</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i> (1964). The show starred Zero Mostel as <a href="/wiki/Tevye" title="Tevye">Tevye</a> and ran for 3242 performances, setting the record (since surpassed) for longest-running Broadway show. The plot, about Jews living in Russia near the beginning of the 20th century, allowed Robbins to return to his religious roots. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s_and_1980s">1970s and 1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1970s and 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He continued to choreograph and stage productions for both the <a href="/wiki/Joffrey_Ballet" title="Joffrey Ballet">Joffrey Ballet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Ballet" title="New York City Ballet">New York City Ballet</a> into the 1970s. Robbins became ballet master of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Ballet" title="New York City Ballet">New York City Ballet</a> in 1972 and worked almost exclusively in classical dance throughout the next decade, pausing only to stage revivals of <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> (1980) and <i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i> (1981). In 1981, his <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamber_Dance_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chamber Dance Company (page does not exist)">Chamber Dance Company</a> toured the People's Republic of China. </p><p>The 1980s saw an increased presence on TV as <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> aired <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Live_From_Studio_8H:_An_Evening_of_Jerome_Robbins%27_Ballets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Live From Studio 8H: An Evening of Jerome Robbins' Ballets (page does not exist)">Live From Studio 8H: An Evening of Jerome Robbins' Ballets</a></i> with members of the New York City Ballet, and a retrospective of Robbins's choreography aired on <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> in a 1986 installment of <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance in America">Dance in America</a></i>. The latter led to his creating the anthology show <i><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins%27_Broadway" title="Jerome Robbins' Broadway">Jerome Robbins' Broadway</a></i> in 1989 which recreated the most successful production numbers from his 50-plus year career. Starring <a href="/wiki/Jason_Alexander" title="Jason Alexander">Jason Alexander</a> as the narrator (a performance that would win Alexander a Tony), the show included stagings of cut numbers like <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a>'s <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mr._Monotony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mr. Monotony (page does not exist)">Mr. Monotony</a></i> and well-known ones like the "Tradition" number from <i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i>. He was awarded a fifth <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> for it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following a bicycle accident in 1990 and heart-valve surgery in 1994, in 1996 he began showing signs of a form of <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>, and his hearing was quickly deteriorating. He nevertheless staged <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Noces" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Noces">Les Noces</a></i> for City Ballet in 1998, his last project. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robbins suffered a stroke in July 1998, two months after the premiere of his re-staging of <i>Les Noces</i>. He died at his home in New York on July 29, 1998. On the evening of his death, the lights of Broadway were dimmed for a moment in tribute. He was <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremated</a> and his ashes were scattered on the Atlantic Ocean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robbins had romantic relationships with a number of people, including <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Clift" title="Montgomery Clift">Montgomery Clift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nora_Kaye" title="Nora Kaye">Nora Kaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Miller" title="Buzz Miller">Buzz Miller</a>, and Jess Gerstein. As a former <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a> member, he named 10 communists in his testimony before the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a>. Although he gave this testimony only after years of pressure, and threats to make public his sexual orientation, his naming names caused resentment among some of his artistic colleagues, including blacklisted actors <a href="/wiki/Jack_Gilford" title="Jack Gilford">Jack Gilford</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel">Zero Mostel</a>, who, while working on <i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i> "openly disdained Robbins".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents">Arthur Laurents</a> worked with him on <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> only a few years after they had been <a href="/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting">blacklisted</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robbins shared the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Academy Award for Best Director</a> with Robert Wise for the film version of <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a></i> (1961). Robbins was only the second director to win the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Academy Award for Best Director</a> for a film debut (after <a href="/wiki/Delbert_Mann" title="Delbert Mann">Delbert Mann</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Marty_(film)" title="Marty (film)">Marty</a></i>). That same year, the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> honored him with a special <a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a> for his choreographic achievements on film. </p><p>In all, he was awarded with five <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> (including the special Academy Honorary Award), the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a> (1981), the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> (1988), the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">French Legion of Honor</a>, and an Honorary Membership in the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. He was awarded three honorary doctorates including an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Humane_Letters" title="Doctor of Humane Letters">Doctor of Humane Letters</a> in 1980 from the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary</a> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Fine_Arts" title="Doctor of Fine Arts">Doctor of Fine Arts</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> in 1985. </p><p>Jerome Robbins was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/American_Theater_Hall_of_Fame" title="American Theater Hall of Fame">American Theater Hall of Fame</a> in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-awards_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-awards-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robbins was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Dance_and_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame">National Museum of Dance's Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Hall of Fame</a> 10 years later, in 1989. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jerome_Robbins_Award">Jerome Robbins Award</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Jerome Robbins Award"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1995, Jerome Robbins instructed the directors of his foundation to establish a prize for "some really greatly outstanding person or art institution. The prizes should "lean toward the arts of dance..." The first two Jerome Robbins Awards were bestowed in 2003 to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Ballet" title="New York City Ballet">New York City Ballet</a> and to lighting designer <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Tipton" title="Jennifer Tipton">Jennifer Tipton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-award_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-award-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broadway_productions_and_notable_ballets">Broadway productions and notable ballets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Broadway productions and notable ballets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1939 <i>Stars in Your Eyes</i> – musical – performer in the role of "Gentleman of the Ballet"</li> <li>1939 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Straw_Hat_Revue" title="The Straw Hat Revue">The Straw Hat Revue</a></i> – revue – performer</li> <li>1941 <i><a href="/wiki/Giselle" title="Giselle">Giselle</a></i> – ballet – dancer in the role of a "Peasant"</li> <li>1941 <i>Three Virgins and a Devil</i> – ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Ottorino_Respighi" title="Ottorino Respighi">Ottorino Respighi</a>, dancer in the role of the "Youth"</li> <li>1941 <i>Gala Performance</i> – ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Serge_Prokofiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Serge Prokofiev">Serge Prokofiev</a> – dancer in the role of an "Attendant Cavalier"</li> <li>1944 <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Town_(musical)" title="On the Town (musical)">On the Town</a></i> – musical – choreographer and the originator of the idea for the show</li> <li>1945 <i>Common Ground</i> – play – co-director</li> <li>1945 <i>Interplay</i> – ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a> – choreographer and dancer</li> <li>1945 <i>Billion Dollar Baby</i> – musical – choreographer</li> <li>1946 <i><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Free_(ballet)" title="Fancy Free (ballet)">Fancy Free</a></i> – ballet (revival) – original played at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(39th_St)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Opera House (39th St)">Metropolitan Opera House</a> in 1944</li> <li>1947 <i><a href="/wiki/High_Button_Shoes" title="High Button Shoes">High Button Shoes</a></i> – musical – choreographer – Tony Award for Best Choreography</li> <li>1948 <i>Look, Ma, I'm Dancin'!</i> – musical – choreographer, co-director, and the originator of the idea for the show</li> <li>1949 <i>Miss Liberty</i> – musical – choreographer</li> <li>1950 <i><a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Madam" title="Call Me Madam">Call Me Madam</a></i> – musical – choreographer</li> <li>1951 <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I" title="The King and I">The King and I</a></i> – musical – choreographer</li> <li>1951 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cage_(ballet)" title="The Cage (ballet)">The Cage</a></i> – ballet to music of <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a> – choreographer</li> <li>1952 <a href="/wiki/Interplay_(ballet)" title="Interplay (ballet)">Interplay</a> - ballet to music of <a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a> – choreographer</li> <li>1952 <i><a href="/wiki/Two%27s_Company_(musical)" title="Two's Company (musical)">Two's Company</a></i> – revue – choreographer</li> <li>1953 <i><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Robbins)" title="Afternoon of a Faun (Robbins)">Afternoon of a Faun</a></i> – ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a> – choreographer</li> <li>1954 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pajama_Game" title="The Pajama Game">The Pajama Game</a></i> – musical – co-director</li> <li>1954 <i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan#Adaptations" title="Peter Pan">Peter Pan</a></i> – musical – director and choreographer</li> <li>1956 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Concert_(ballet)" title="The Concert (ballet)">The Concert (or the Perils of Everybody)</a></i> – ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a> – choreographer</li> <li>1956 <i><a href="/wiki/Bells_Are_Ringing_(musical)" title="Bells Are Ringing (musical)">Bells Are Ringing</a></i> – musical – director and co-choreographer with <a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony</a> co-Nominee for Best Choreography</li> <li>1957 <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> – musical – choreographer, director – Tony Award for Best Choreography</li> <li>1958 <i>3 x 3</i> – ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Georges_Auric" title="Georges Auric">Georges Auric</a> – choreographer</li> <li>1958 <i><a href="/wiki/NY_Export:_Opus_Jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="NY Export: Opus Jazz">New York Export: Opus Jazz</a></i> – ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Prince_(composer)" title="Robert Prince (composer)">Robert Prince</a>, choreographer</li> <li>1959 <i><a href="/wiki/Gypsy:_A_Musical_Fable" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy: A Musical Fable">Gypsy</a></i> – musical – choreographer and director – Tony Award Nomination for Best Direction of a Musical</li> <li>1959 <i><a href="/wiki/Moves_(ballet)" title="Moves (ballet)">Moves</a></i> – silent ballet – choreographer</li> <li>1962 <i><a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a></i> – musical – uncredited directing and choreography assistant</li> <li>1963 <i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Courage_and_Her_Children" title="Mother Courage and Her Children">Mother Courage and Her Children</a></i> – play – co-producer and director – Tony Award nomination for Best Play, and Best Producer of a Play</li> <li>1963 <i><a href="/wiki/Oh_Dad,_Poor_Dad,_Mamma%27s_Hung_You_in_the_Closet_and_I%27m_Feelin%27_So_Sad" title="Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad">Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad</a></i> – play – director</li> <li>1964 <i><a href="/wiki/Funny_Girl_(musical)" title="Funny Girl (musical)">Funny Girl</a></i> – musical – production supervisor</li> <li>1964 <i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i> – musical – director and choreographer – Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical, and Best Choreography</li> <li>1966 <i>The Office</i> – never officially opened – director</li> <li>1969 <i><a href="/wiki/Dances_at_a_Gathering" title="Dances at a Gathering">Dances at a Gathering</a></i> – ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a> – choreographer<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1970 <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Night_(ballet)" title="In the Night (ballet)">In the Night</a></i> – ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a> – choreographer</li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/The_Goldberg_Variations_(ballet)" title="The Goldberg Variations (ballet)">The Goldberg Variations (ballet)</a> - ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> – choreographer</li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(ballet)" title="The Four Seasons (ballet)">The Four Seasons (ballet)</a> - ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – choreographer</li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/In_G_Major_(ballet)" class="mw-redirect" title="In G Major (ballet)">In G Major (ballet)</a> - ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a> – choreographer</li> <li>1983 <i><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Old_Fashioned_(ballet)" title="I'm Old Fashioned (ballet)">I'm Old Fashioned</a></i> – ballet to <a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a>'s adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a>'s theme – choreographer</li> <li>1983 <i><a href="/wiki/Glass_Pieces" title="Glass Pieces">Glass Pieces</a></i> – ballet to the music of <a href="/wiki/Philip_Glass" title="Philip Glass">Philip Glass</a> – choreographer</li> <li>1989 <i>Jerome Robbins' Broadway</i> – revue – director and choreographer – Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLawrence2001" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Greg (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dancewithdemonsl00lawr"><i>Dance with Demons: The Life of Jerome Robbins</i></a></span>. G.P. Putnam's Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-399-14652-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-399-14652-0"><bdi>0-399-14652-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45015298">45015298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dance+with+Demons%3A+The+Life+of+Jerome+Robbins&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45015298&rft.isbn=0-399-14652-0&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdancewithdemonsl00lawr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJowitt2005" class="citation book cs1">Jowitt, Deborah (2005). <i>Jerome Robbins: His Life, His Theater, His Dance</i>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-86986-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-86986-5"><bdi>978-0-684-86986-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerome+Robbins%3A+His+Life%2C+His+Theater%2C+His+Dance&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-684-86986-5&rft.aulast=Jowitt&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaill2006" class="citation book cs1">Vaill, Amanda (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/somewherelifeofj00vail"><i>Somewhere: The Life of Jerome Robbins</i></a></span>. Broadway. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0420-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0420-9"><bdi>978-0-7679-0420-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Somewhere%3A+The+Life+of+Jerome+Robbins&rft.pub=Broadway&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7679-0420-9&rft.aulast=Vaill&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsomewherelifeofj00vail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Conrad, Christine (2001). <i>Jerome Robbins: That Broadway Man</i>, Booth-Clibborn <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86154-173-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-86154-173-2">1-86154-173-2</a></li> <li>Emmet Long, Robert (2001). <i>Broadway, the Golden Years: Jerome Robbins and the Great Choreographer Directors, 1940 to the Present</i>. Continuum International Publishing Group. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1462-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1462-1">0-8264-1462-1</a></li> <li>Altman, Richard (1971). <i>The Making of a Musical: Fiddler on the Roof</i>. Crown Publishers.</li> <li>Thelen, Lawrence (1999). <i>The Show Makers: Great Directors of the American Musical Theatre</i>. Routledge.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415923468" title="Special:BookSources/0415923468">0415923468</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fick-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fick_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFick2008" class="citation web cs1">Fick, David (November 12, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musicalcyberspace.wordpress.com/2008/11/12/something-to-dance-about-new-jerome-robbins-documentary/">"Something to dance about: new Jerome Robbins documentary"</a>. Musical Cyberspace<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Something+to+dance+about%3A+new+Jerome+Robbins+documentary&rft.pub=Musical+Cyberspace&rft.date=2008-11-12&rft.aulast=Fick&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusicalcyberspace.wordpress.com%2F2008%2F11%2F12%2Fsomething-to-dance-about-new-jerome-robbins-documentary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peabodyawards.com/award-profile/american-masters-jerome-robbins-something-to-dance-about">69th Annual Peabody Awards</a>, May 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kisselgoff-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kisselgoff_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kisselgoff_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKisselgoff1998" class="citation news cs1">Kisselgoff, Anna (July 30, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEED81538F933A05754C0A96E958260">"Jerome Robbins, 79, Is Dead; Giant of Ballet and Broadway"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jerome+Robbins%2C+79%2C+Is+Dead%3B+Giant+of+Ballet+and+Broadway&rft.date=1998-07-30&rft.aulast=Kisselgoff&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9B0DEED81538F933A05754C0A96E958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/l/lawrence-01dance.html">"Books"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2Ffirst%2Fl%2Flawrence-01dance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://playbill.com/article/sister-of-jerome-robbins-dies-at-fiddlers-opening-night-com-118184">"Sister of Jerome Robbins Dies at Fiddler's Opening Night"</a>. <i>Playbill</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Playbill&rft.atitle=Sister+of+Jerome+Robbins+Dies+at+Fiddler%27s+Opening+Night&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplaybill.com%2Farticle%2Fsister-of-jerome-robbins-dies-at-fiddlers-opening-night-com-118184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeb._28Pt2004" class="citation web cs1">Feb. 28, L. A. Times Archives; Pt, 2004 12 Am (February 28, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-feb-28-et-quick28.3-story.html">"Jerome Robbins' sister, 91, dies"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Jerome+Robbins%27+sister%2C+91%2C+dies&rft.date=2004-02-28&rft.aulast=Feb.+28&rft.aufirst=L.+A.+Times+Archives&rft.au=Pt%2C+2004+12+Am&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2004-feb-28-et-quick28.3-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/28/arts/robbins-s-sister-dies-at-fiddler-opening.html">"Robbins's Sister Dies at 'Fiddler' Opening"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. February 28, 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Robbins%27s+Sister+Dies+at+%27Fiddler%27+Opening&rft.date=2004-02-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F02%2F28%2Farts%2Frobbins-s-sister-dies-at-fiddler-opening.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul R. Laird and David Schiff. "Bernstein, Leonard." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. August 14, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/A2223796">Oxfordmusiconline.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-green-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-green_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2009" class="citation news cs1">Green, Jesse (March 15, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/arts/theater/profiles/55341/index1.html">"When You're a Shark You're a Shark All the Way"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=When+You%27re+a+Shark+You%27re+a+Shark+All+the+Way&rft.date=2009-03-15&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Farts%2Ftheater%2Fprofiles%2F55341%2Findex1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewis-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lewis_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1996" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Robert (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EVVX6pynyssC&q=%22Joan+Copeland%22%22Actors+Studio%22&pg=PA183">"The Actors Studio, 1947"</a>. <i>Slings and Arrows: Theater in My Life</i>. New York: Applause Books. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55783-244-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-55783-244-7"><bdi>1-55783-244-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2014</span>. <q>At the end of the summer, on Gadget's return from Hollywood, we settled the roster of actors for our two classes in what we called the Actors Studio - using the word 'studio' as we had when we named our workshop in the Group, the Group Theatre Studio... My group, meeting three times a week, consisted of Marlon Brando, Montgomery Clift, Maureen Stapleton, Eli Wallach, Mildred Dunnock, Jerome Robbins, Herbert Berghof, Tom Ewell, John Forsythe, Anne Jackson, Sidney Lumet, Kevin McCarthy, Karl Malden, E.G. Marshall, Patricia Neal, Beatrice Straight, David Wayne, and - well, I don't want to drop names, so I'll stop there. In all, there were about fifty.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Actors+Studio%2C+1947&rft.btitle=Slings+and+Arrows%3A+Theater+in+My+Life&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Applause+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-55783-244-7&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEVVX6pynyssC%26q%3D%2522Joan%2BCopeland%2522%2522Actors%2BStudio%2522%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris-23-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harris-23_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1978" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Jay S., ed. (1978). <i>TV Guide: The First 25 Years</i>. New York: New American Library. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-452-25225-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-452-25225-3"><bdi>0-452-25225-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TV+Guide%3A+The+First+25+Years&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=New+American+Library&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-452-25225-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gihring-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gihring_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGihringScott2011" class="citation news cs1">Gihring, Tim; Scott, Gregory J. (July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minnesotamonthly.com/media/Minnesota-Monthly/July-2011/July-2011-Arts-Calendar/">"July 2011 Arts Calendar"</a>. <i>Minnesota Monthly</i>. Greenspring Media Group Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minnesota+Monthly&rft.atitle=July+2011+Arts+Calendar&rft.date=2011-07&rft.aulast=Gihring&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Scott%2C+Gregory+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minnesotamonthly.com%2Fmedia%2FMinnesota-Monthly%2FJuly-2011%2FJuly-2011-Arts-Calendar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pbs-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pbs_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaill2009" class="citation web cs1">Vaill, Amanda (January 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/jerome-robbins/about-the-artist/1099/">"Jerome Robbins-About the Artist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Masters" title="American Masters">American Masters</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Masters&rft.atitle=Jerome+Robbins-About+the+Artist&rft.date=2009-01-27&rft.aulast=Vaill&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Famericanmasters%2Fepisodes%2Fjerome-robbins%2Fabout-the-artist%2F1099%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012193912/http://www.nysun.com/obituaries/madeline-lee-gilford-84-actress-and-activist/74950/">"Madeline Lee Gilford, 84, Actress and Activist - April 18, 2008 - The New York Sun"</a>. October 12, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/obituaries/madeline-lee-gilford-84-actress-and-activist/74950/">the original</a> on October 12, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madeline+Lee+Gilford%2C+84%2C+Actress+and+Activist+-+April+18%2C+2008+-+The+New+York+Sun&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Fobituaries%2Fmadeline-lee-gilford-84-actress-and-activist%2F74950%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vaill-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vaill_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaill2008" class="citation book cs1">Vaill, Amanda (May 6, 2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/somewherelifeofj00vail"><i>Somewhere: The Life of Jerome Robbins</i></a></span>. New York: Broadway Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0767904216" title="Special:BookSources/978-0767904216"><bdi>978-0767904216</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Somewhere%3A+The+Life+of+Jerome+Robbins&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Broadway+Books&rft.date=2008-05-06&rft.isbn=978-0767904216&rft.aulast=Vaill&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsomewherelifeofj00vail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcevedo-Muñoz2013" class="citation book cs1">Acevedo-Muñoz, Ernesto (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803100045/https://kansaspress.ku.edu/978-0-7006-1921-4.html"><i>West Side Story as Cinema: The Making and Impact of an American Masterpiece</i></a>. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1921-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1921-4"><bdi>978-0-7006-1921-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kansaspress.ku.edu/978-0-7006-1921-4.html">the original</a> on August 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=West+Side+Story+as+Cinema%3A+The+Making+and+Impact+of+an+American+Masterpiece&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1921-4&rft.aulast=Acevedo-Mu%C3%B1oz&rft.aufirst=Ernesto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkansaspress.ku.edu%2F978-0-7006-1921-4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.masterworksbroadway.com/artist/jerome-robbins/">"Jerome Robbins"</a>. <i>masterworks broadway.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jeromerobbins.org/foundation/jerome_robbins_award">the original</a> on October 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jerome+Robbins+Award&rft.pub=Jerome+Robbins+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjeromerobbins.org%2Ffoundation%2Fjerome_robbins_award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB2017" class="citation web cs1">B, Peter (October 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycballet.com/Explore/Our-History/NYCB-Chronology.aspx">"NYCB Chronological history of repetory"</a>. <i>nycballet.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nycballet.com&rft.atitle=NYCB+Chronological+history+of+repetory&rft.date=2017-10-17&rft.aulast=B&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycballet.com%2FExplore%2FOur-History%2FNYCB-Chronology.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jeromerobbins.org/catalog-of-work/?s=the+four+seasons">"Jerome Robbins Catalog of Work: The Four Seasons"</a>. <i>Jerome Robbins</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerome+Robbins&rft.atitle=Jerome+Robbins+Catalog+of+Work%3A+The+Four+Seasons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjeromerobbins.org%2Fcatalog-of-work%2F%3Fs%3Dthe%2Bfour%2Bseasons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles">Articles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/arts/dance/27maca.html">NY Times</a>, August 9, 1998</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B00E6D7173EF931A25750C0A96F958260">NY Times, Alan Riding</a>, March 12, 1999</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/arts/dance/27maca.html">NY Times, Alastair Macaulay, April 27, 2008</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/30/theater/jerome-robbins-79-is-dead-giant-of-ballet-and-broadway.html">obituary, NY Times, Anna Kisselgoff, July 30, 1998</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jeromerobbins.org">Official website</a></span></span> <i>Jerome Robbins Foundation and Trust</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/CreditableEntity/7509">Jerome Robbins</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Off-Broadway_Database" title="Internet Off-Broadway Database">Internet Off-Broadway Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/11149">Jerome Robbins</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353019#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0730385/">Jerome Robbins</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li>Floria Lasky files on Jerome Robbins Jerome Robbins Dance Division, The New York Public Library.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycballet.com/Discover/The-Repertory.aspx">NYCB complete repertory. P, B. 2017</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video">Video</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://danceinteractive.jacobspillow.org/dance/ballet-theatre">Archive footage of ABT (then Ballet Theatre) performing Robbins's ballet <i>Interplay</i> in 1949 at Jacob's Pillow</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jerome_Robbins" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Robbins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2_and_3_Part_Inventions" title="2 and 3 Part Inventions">2 and 3 Part Inventions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Afternoon_of_a_Faun_(Robbins)" title="Afternoon of a Faun (Robbins)">Afternoon of a Faun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andantino_(ballet)" title="Andantino (ballet)">Andantino</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antique_Epigraphs" title="Antique Epigraphs">Antique Epigraphs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahms/Handel" title="Brahms/Handel">Brahms/Handel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_(ballet)" title="Brandenburg (ballet)">Brandenburg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cage_(ballet)" title="The Cage (ballet)">The Cage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Circus_Polka" title="Circus Polka">Circus Polka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Concert_(ballet)" title="The Concert (ballet)">The Concert</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dances_at_a_Gathering" title="Dances at a Gathering">Dances at a Gathering</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dybbuk_(ballet)" title="Dybbuk (ballet)">Dybbuk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Free_(ballet)" title="Fancy Free (ballet)">Fancy Free</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fanfare_(ballet)" title="Fanfare (ballet)">Fanfare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Bagatelles" title="Four Bagatelles">Four Bagatelles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(ballet)" title="The Four Seasons (ballet)">The Four Seasons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Piano_Concerto" title="Gershwin Piano Concerto">Gershwin Piano Concerto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glass_Pieces" title="Glass Pieces">Glass Pieces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Goldberg_Variations_(ballet)" title="The Goldberg Variations (ballet)">The Goldberg Variations</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Old_Fashioned_(ballet)" title="I'm Old Fashioned (ballet)">I'm Old Fashioned</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_G_Major" title="In G Major">In G Major</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Memory_of_..._(ballet)" title="In Memory of ... (ballet)">In Memory of ...</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Night_(ballet)" title="In the Night (ballet)">In the Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interplay_(ballet)" title="Interplay (ballet)">Interplay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ives,_Songs" title="Ives, Songs">Ives, Songs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Goose_(ballet)" title="Mother Goose (ballet)">Mother Goose</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moves_(ballet)" title="Moves (ballet)">Moves</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Noces_(Robbins)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Noces (Robbins) (page does not exist)">Les Noces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/N.Y._Export:_Opus_Jazz" title="N.Y. Export: Opus Jazz">N.Y. Export: Opus Jazz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opus_19/The_Dreamer" title="Opus 19/The Dreamer">Opus 19/The Dreamer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Other_Dances" title="Other Dances">Other Dances</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piano_Pieces" title="Piano Pieces">Piano Pieces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Requiem_Canticles_(Robbins)" title="Requiem Canticles (Robbins)">Requiem Canticles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suite_of_Dances_(ballet)" title="Suite of Dances (ballet)">Suite of Dances</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Suite_of_Dances" title="A Suite of Dances">A Suite of Dances</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tricolore_(ballet)" title="Tricolore (ballet)">Tricolore</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Watermill_(ballet)" title="Watermill (ballet)">Watermill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_Suite" title="West Side Story Suite">West Side Story Suite</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan_(1954_musical)" title="Peter Pan (1954 musical)">Peter Pan</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> (1957), concept</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Town_(film)" title="On the Town (film)">On the Town</a></i> (1949), "based on an idea by Jerome Robbins"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a></i> (1961)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Jerome_Robbins" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Jerome_Robbins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Jerome Robbins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Academy Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Borzage" title="Frank Borzage">Frank Borzage</a> (1927/28; Dramatic Picture)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Milestone" title="Lewis Milestone">Lewis Milestone</a> (1927/28; Comedy Picture)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd" title="Frank Lloyd">Frank Lloyd</a> (1928/29)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Milestone" title="Lewis Milestone">Lewis Milestone</a> (1929/30)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Taurog" title="Norman Taurog">Norman Taurog</a> (1930/31)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Borzage" title="Frank Borzage">Frank Borzage</a> (1931/32)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd" title="Frank Lloyd">Frank Lloyd</a> (1932/33)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Fleming" title="Victor Fleming">Victor Fleming</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Curtiz" title="Michael Curtiz">Michael Curtiz</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Delbert_Mann" title="Delbert Mann">Delbert Mann</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Robbins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Reed" title="Carol Reed">Carol Reed</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_J._Schaffner" title="Franklin J. Schaffner">Franklin J. Schaffner</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Roy_Hill" title="George Roy Hill">George Roy Hill</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_G._Avildsen" title="John G. Avildsen">John G. Avildsen</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gibson" title="Mel Gibson">Mel Gibson</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hooper" title="Tom Hooper">Tom Hooper</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Hazanavicius" title="Michel Hazanavicius">Michel Hazanavicius</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro González Iñárritu</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro González Iñárritu</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Damien_Chazelle" title="Damien Chazelle">Damien Chazelle</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020/21)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template talk:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Honorary_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_March_of_Time" title="The March of Time">The March of Time</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Rosson" title="Harold Rosson">Harold Rosson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bergen" title="Edgar Bergen">Edgar Bergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art_Department_of_Film" title="Museum of Modern Art Department of Film">Museum of Modern Art Film Library</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mack_Sennett" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Ball_(inventor)" title="Joseph A. Ball (inventor)">J. Arthur Ball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Jennings" title="Gordon Jennings">Gordon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Domela" title="Jan Domela">Jan Domela</a>, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Art Smith, <a href="/wiki/Farciot_Edouart" title="Farciot Edouart">Farciot Edouart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loyal_Griggs" title="Loyal Griggs">Loyal Griggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loren_L._Ryder" title="Loren L. Ryder">Loren L. Ryder</a>, Harry D. Mills, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mesenkop" title="Louis Mesenkop">Louis Mesenkop</a>, Walter Oberst / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_T._Marsh" title="Oliver T. Marsh">Oliver T. Marsh</a> and Allen Davey / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warner" title="Harry Warner">Harry Warner</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Menzies" title="William Cameron Menzies">William Cameron Menzies</a> / <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Fund" title="Motion Picture & Television Fund">Motion Picture Relief Fund</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Block" title="Ralph Block">Ralph Block</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Nagel" title="Conrad Nagel">Conrad Nagel</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Vantiva" title="Vantiva">Technicolor SA</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Levinson" title="Nathan Levinson">Nathan Levinson</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Garity" title="William Garity">William Garity</a>, John N. A. Hawkins, and the <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA Manufacturing Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a> and his associates / Rey Scott / <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)">British Ministry of Information</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Margaret_O%27Brien" title="Margaret O'Brien">Margaret O'Brien</a> (1944)</li> <li>Republic Studio, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Bloomberg" title="Daniel J. Bloomberg">Daniel J. Bloomberg</a>, and the Republic Studio Sound Department / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_House_I_Live_In_(1945_film)" title="The House I Live In (1945 film)">The House I Live In</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ann_Garner" title="Peggy Ann Garner">Peggy Ann Garner</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Russell" title="Harold Russell">Harold Russell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jarman_Jr." title="Claude Jarman Jr.">Claude Jarman Jr.</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baskett" title="James Baskett">James Baskett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Armat" title="Thomas Armat">Thomas Armat</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Selig" title="William Selig">William Nicholas Selig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Smith_(producer)" title="Albert E. Smith (producer)">Albert E. Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Kirke_Spoor" title="George Kirke Spoor">George Kirke Spoor</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Coo" title="Bill and Coo">Bill and Coo</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Shoeshine_(film)" title="Shoeshine (film)">Shoeshine</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Vincent" title="Monsieur Vincent">Monsieur Vincent</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Sid_Grauman" title="Sid Grauman">Sid Grauman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">The Bicycle Thief</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_Walls_of_Malapaga" title="The Walls of Malapaga">The Walls of Malapaga</a></i> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Rashomon" title="Rashomon">Rashomon</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a> / George Mitchell / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Schenck" title="Joseph M. Schenck">Joseph M. Schenck</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Games" title="Forbidden Games">Forbidden Games</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century-Fox Film Corporation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bell_%26_Howell" title="Bell & Howell">Bell & Howell Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Breen" title="Joseph Breen">Joseph Breen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pete_Smith_(film_producer)" title="Pete Smith (film producer)">Pete Smith</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bausch_%26_Lomb" title="Bausch & Lomb">Bausch & Lomb Optical Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / Kemp Niver / <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jon_Whiteley" title="Jon Whiteley">Jon Whiteley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Winter" title="Vincent Winter">Vincent Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Hell_(film)" title="Gate of Hell (film)"><i>Gate of Hell</i></a> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samurai_I:_Musashi_Miyamoto" title="Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto">Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Broncho_Billy_Anderson" title="Broncho Billy Anderson">Gilbert M. "Broncho Billy" Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a> / <a href="/wiki/B._B._Kahane" title="B. B. Kahane">B. B. Kahane</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel">Stan Laurel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayley_Mills" title="Hayley Mills">Hayley Mills</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Hendricks" title="William L. Hendricks">William L. Hendricks</a> / Fred L. Metzler / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Robbins</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Tuttle" title="William J. Tuttle">William J. Tuttle</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_Canutt" title="Yakima Canutt">Yakima Canutt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Y._Frank_Freeman" title="Y. Frank Freeman">Y. Frank Freeman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chambers_(make-up_artist)" title="John Chambers (make-up artist)">John Chambers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Onna_White" title="Onna White">Onna White</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1971)</li> <li>Charles S. Boren / <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Langlois" title="Henri Langlois">Henri Langlois</a> / <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Booth" title="Margaret Booth">Margaret Booth</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz" title="Walter Lantz">Walter Lantz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art Department of Film</a> (1978)</li> <li>Hal Elias / <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_North" title="Alex North">Alex North</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bellamy" title="Ralph Bellamy">Ralph Bellamy</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Eastman Kodak Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myrna_Loy" title="Myrna Loy">Myrna Loy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Donen" title="Stanley Donen">Stanley Donen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Blake Edwards</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Boyle" title="Robert F. Boyle">Robert F. Boyle</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Willis" title="Gordon Willis">Gordon Willis</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brownlow" title="Kevin Brownlow">Kevin Brownlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eli_Wallach" title="Eli Wallach">Eli Wallach</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_(make-up_artist)" title="Dick Smith (make-up artist)">Dick Smith</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Pennebaker" title="D. A. Pennebaker">D. A. Pennebaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hal_Needham" title="Hal Needham">Hal Needham</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens_Jr." title="George Stevens Jr.">George Stevens Jr.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Piero_Tosi" title="Piero Tosi">Piero Tosi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gena_Rowlands" title="Gena Rowlands">Gena Rowlands</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Stalmaster" title="Lynn Stalmaster">Lynn Stalmaster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_V._Coates" title="Anne V. Coates">Anne V. Coates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wiseman" title="Frederick Wiseman">Frederick Wiseman</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Roizman" title="Owen Roizman">Owen Roizman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnès Varda</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Levy_(publicist)" title="Marvin Levy (publicist)">Marvin Levy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lalo_Schifrin" title="Lalo Schifrin">Lalo Schifrin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wes_Studi" title="Wes Studi">Wes Studi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lina_Wertm%C3%BCller" title="Lina Wertmüller">Lina Wertmüller</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elaine_May" title="Elaine May">Elaine May</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euzhan_Palcy" title="Euzhan Palcy">Euzhan Palcy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Littleton" title="Carol Littleton">Carol Littleton</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Taylor" title="Juliet Taylor">Juliet Taylor</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_–_Feature_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #ABCDEF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_Feature_Film" title="Template:Directors Guild of America Award Feature Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_Feature_Film" title="Template talk:Directors Guild of America Award Feature Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_Feature_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Directors Guild of America Award Feature Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_–_Feature_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_%E2%80%93_Feature_Film" title="Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film">Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1948–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rossen" title="Robert Rossen">Robert Rossen</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delbert_Mann" title="Delbert Mann">Delbert Mann</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Robbins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Harvey" title="Anthony Harvey">Anthony Harvey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_J._Schaffner" title="Franklin J. Schaffner">Franklin J. Schaffner</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Roy_Hill" title="George Roy Hill">George Roy Hill</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Avildsen" title="John G. Avildsen">John G. Avildsen</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cimino" title="Michael Cimino">Michael Cimino</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Marshall" title="Rob Marshall">Rob Marshall</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Boyle" title="Danny Boyle">Danny Boyle</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hooper" title="Tom Hooper">Tom Hooper</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Hazanavicius" title="Michel Hazanavicius">Michel Hazanavicius</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro G. Iñárritu</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_Chazelle" title="Damien Chazelle">Damien Chazelle</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(1980s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template talk:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(1980s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honorees</a> (1980s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cagney" title="James Cagney">James Cagney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_de_Mille" title="Agnes de Mille">Agnes de Mille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Fontanne" title="Lynn Fontanne">Lynn Fontanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Serkin" title="Rudolf Serkin">Rudolf Serkin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ormandy" title="Eugene Ormandy">Eugene Ormandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Dunham" title="Katherine Dunham">Katherine Dunham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Thomson" title="Virgil Thomson">Virgil Thomson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Carlo_Menotti" title="Gian Carlo Menotti">Gian Carlo Menotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Merce Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Dunne" title="Irene Dunne">Irene Dunne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> & <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Loewe" title="Frederick Loewe">Frederick Loewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehudi_Menuhin" title="Yehudi Menuhin">Yehudi Menuhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Tudor" title="Antony Tudor">Antony Tudor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Milstein" title="Nathan Milstein">Nathan Milstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwin_Nikolais" title="Alwin Nikolais">Alwin Nikolais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Ailey" title="Alvin Ailey">Alvin Ailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Burns" title="George Burns">George Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrna_Loy" title="Myrna Loy">Myrna Loy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schneider" title="Alexander Schneider">Alexander Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Stevens" title="Roger L. Stevens">Roger L. Stevens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colbert" title="Claudette Colbert">Claudette Colbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Danilova" title="Alexandra Danilova">Alexandra Danilova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1970s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2020s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1980s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template talk:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1980s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts recipients</a> (1980s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Carter" title="Elliott Carter">Elliott Carter Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Ellison" title="Ralph Ellison">Ralph Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Nevelson" title="Louise Nevelson">Louise Nevelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Buffum_Chandler" title="Dorothy Buffum Chandler">Dorothy Buffum Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Kirstein" title="Lincoln Kirstein">Lincoln Kirstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mellon" title="Paul Mellon">Paul Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Tully" title="Alice Tully">Alice Tully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Cards" title="Hallmark Cards">Hallmark Cards, Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Willem de Kooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_de_Mille" title="Agnes de Mille">Agnes de Mille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Le_Gallienne" title="Eva Le Gallienne">Eva Le Gallienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax">Alan Lomax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Mumford" title="Lewis Mumford">Lewis Mumford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Menil" title="Dominique de Menil">Dominique de Menil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">Exxon Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_H._Knox_II" title="Seymour H. Knox II">Seymour H. Knox II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romare_Bearden" title="Romare Bearden">Romare Bearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Nemerov" title="Howard Nemerov">Howard Nemerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwin_Nikolais" title="Alwin Nikolais">Alwin Nikolais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Noguchi" title="Isamu Noguchi">Isamu Noguchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Penn_Warren" title="Robert Penn Warren">Robert Penn Warren</a></li> <li>J. W. Fisher</li> <li>Frances Fisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Hammer" title="Armand Hammer">Armand Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Lewis" title="Sydney Lewis">Sydney Lewis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Parks" title="Gordon Parks">Gordon Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._M._Pei" title="I. M. Pei">I. M. Pei</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Serkin" title="Rudolf Serkin">Rudolf Serkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Thomson" title="Virgil Thomson">Virgil Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Joseph_Freedberg" title="Sydney Joseph Freedberg">Sydney J. Freedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Stevens" title="Roger L. Stevens">Roger L. Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Astor" title="Brooke Astor">Brooke Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Goelet" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Goelet">Francis Goelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obert_C._Tanner" title="Obert C. Tanner">Obert Clark Tanner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Leopold Adler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Dunham" title="Katherine Dunham">Katherine Dunham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Eisenstaedt" title="Alfred Eisenstaedt">Alfred Eisenstaedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Friedman_(museum_director)" title="Martin Friedman (museum director)">Martin Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Gerdine" title="Leigh Gerdine">Leigh Gerdine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Hancock" title="Walker Hancock">Walker Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Motherwell" title="Robert Motherwell">Robert Motherwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Dayton Hudson Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Musical" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TonyAward_MusicalDirection" title="Template:TonyAward MusicalDirection"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TonyAward_MusicalDirection" title="Template talk:TonyAward MusicalDirection"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward_MusicalDirection" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward MusicalDirection"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Musical" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical">Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1960–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe_Burrows" title="Abe Burrows">Abe Burrows</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> (1964)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Robbins</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Marre" title="Albert Marre">Albert Marre</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Hunt" title="Peter H. Hunt">Peter H. Hunt</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Field" title="Ron Field">Ron Field</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Holder" title="Geoffrey Holder">Geoffrey Holder</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Saks" title="Gene Saks">Gene Saks</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Maltby_Jr." title="Richard Maltby Jr.">Richard Maltby Jr.</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Leach" title="Wilford Leach">Wilford Leach</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Nunn" title="Trevor Nunn">Trevor Nunn</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents">Arthur Laurents</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_McAnuff" title="Des McAnuff">Des McAnuff</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Leach" title="Wilford Leach">Wilford Leach</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Nunn" title="Trevor Nunn">Trevor Nunn</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Caird_(director)" title="John Caird (director)">John Caird</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1988)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Robbins</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Zaks" title="Jerry Zaks">Jerry Zaks</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_McAnuff" title="Des McAnuff">Des McAnuff</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hytner" title="Nicholas Hytner">Nicholas Hytner</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Wolfe" title="George C. Wolfe">George C. Wolfe</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bobbie" title="Walter Bobbie">Walter Bobbie</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Taymor" title="Julie Taymor">Julie Taymor</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bourne" title="Matthew Bourne">Matthew Bourne</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Blakemore" title="Michael Blakemore">Michael Blakemore</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stroman" title="Susan Stroman">Susan Stroman</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rando" title="John Rando">John Rando</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Brien_(director)" title="Jack O'Brien (director)">Jack O'Brien</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Mantello" title="Joe Mantello">Joe Mantello</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doyle_(director)" title="John Doyle (director)">John Doyle</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mayer_(director)" title="Michael Mayer (director)">Michael Mayer</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartlett_Sher" title="Bartlett Sher">Bartlett Sher</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Daldry" title="Stephen Daldry">Stephen Daldry</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Johnson_(dramatist)" title="Terry Johnson (dramatist)">Terry Johnson</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Nicholaw" title="Casey Nicholaw">Casey Nicholaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trey_Parker" title="Trey Parker">Trey Parker</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tiffany" title="John Tiffany">John Tiffany</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Paulus" title="Diane Paulus">Diane Paulus</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darko_Tresnjak" title="Darko Tresnjak">Darko Tresnjak</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Gold" title="Sam Gold">Sam Gold</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kail" title="Thomas Kail">Thomas Kail</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ashley" title="Christopher Ashley">Christopher Ashley</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cromer" title="David Cromer">David Cromer</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Chavkin" title="Rachel Chavkin">Rachel Chavkin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Timbers" title="Alex Timbers">Alex Timbers</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Elliott" title="Marianne Elliott">Marianne Elliott</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Arden" title="Michael Arden">Michael Arden</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danya_Taymor" title="Danya Taymor">Danya Taymor</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tony_Award_for_Best_Choreography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TonyAward_Choreography" title="Template:TonyAward Choreography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TonyAward_Choreography" title="Template talk:TonyAward Choreography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward_Choreography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward Choreography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tony_Award_for_Best_Choreography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Choreography" title="Tony Award for Best Choreography">Tony Award for Best Choreography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;width:1%">1947–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_de_Mille" title="Agnes de Mille">Agnes de Mille</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1947)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Robbins</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Tamiris" title="Helen Tamiris">Helen Tamiris</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alton" title="Robert Alton">Robert Alton</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Saddler" title="Donald Saddler">Donald Saddler</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1957)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Robbins</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_de_Mille" title="Agnes de Mille">Agnes de Mille</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joe_Layton" title="Joe Layton">Joe Layton</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> (1964)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Robbins</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Field" title="Ron Field">Ron Field</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Layton" title="Joe Layton">Joe Layton</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Field" title="Ron Field">Ron Field</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Saddler" title="Donald Saddler">Donald Saddler</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Faison" title="George Faison">George Faison</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Avian" title="Bob Avian">Bob Avian</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gennaro" title="Peter Gennaro">Peter Gennaro</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Avian" title="Bob Avian">Bob Avian</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thommie_Walsh" title="Thommie Walsh">Thommie Walsh</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennett_(theater)" title="Michael Bennett (theater)">Michael Bennett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peters_(choreographer)" title="Michael Peters (choreographer)">Michael Peters</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thommie_Walsh" title="Thommie Walsh">Thommie Walsh</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Daniels" title="Danny Daniels">Danny Daniels</a> (1984)</li> <li>No Award (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Gregory" title="Gillian Gregory">Gillian Gregory</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Smuin" title="Michael Smuin">Michael Smuin</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholly_Atkins" title="Cholly Atkins">Cholly Atkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_LeTang" title="Henry LeTang">Henry LeTang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Manning" title="Frankie Manning">Frankie Manning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fayard_Nicholas" title="Fayard Nicholas">Fayard Nicholas</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stroman" title="Susan Stroman">Susan Stroman</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Cilento" title="Wayne Cilento">Wayne Cilento</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_MacMillan" title="Kenneth MacMillan">Kenneth MacMillan</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stroman" title="Susan Stroman">Susan Stroman</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savion_Glover" title="Savion Glover">Savion Glover</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Reinking" title="Ann Reinking">Ann Reinking</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garth_Fagan" title="Garth Fagan">Garth Fagan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bourne" title="Matthew Bourne">Matthew Bourne</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stroman" title="Susan Stroman">Susan Stroman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Stroman" title="Susan Stroman">Susan Stroman</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Ashford" title="Rob Ashford">Rob Ashford</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twyla_Tharp" title="Twyla Tharp">Twyla Tharp</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Marshall" title="Kathleen Marshall">Kathleen Marshall</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Mitchell" title="Jerry Mitchell">Jerry Mitchell</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Marshall" title="Kathleen Marshall">Kathleen Marshall</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_T._Jones" title="Bill T. Jones">Bill T. Jones</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Blankenbuehler" title="Andy Blankenbuehler">Andy Blankenbuehler</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Darling" title="Peter Darling">Peter Darling</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_T._Jones" title="Bill T. Jones">Bill T. Jones</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Marshall" title="Kathleen Marshall">Kathleen Marshall</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gattelli" title="Christopher Gattelli">Christopher Gattelli</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Mitchell" title="Jerry Mitchell">Jerry Mitchell</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Carlyle" title="Warren Carlyle">Warren Carlyle</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wheeldon" title="Christopher Wheeldon">Christopher Wheeldon</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Blankenbuehler" title="Andy Blankenbuehler">Andy Blankenbuehler</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Blankenbuehler" title="Andy Blankenbuehler">Andy Blankenbuehler</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Peck" title="Justin Peck">Justin Peck</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Trujillo" title="Sergio Trujillo">Sergio Trujillo</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonya_Tayeh" title="Sonya Tayeh">Sonya Tayeh</a> (2020/21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wheeldon" title="Christopher Wheeldon">Christopher Wheeldon</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casey_Nicholaw" title="Casey Nicholaw">Casey Nicholaw</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Peck" title="Justin Peck">Justin Peck</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353019#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtH4WVffQf9Qk9DMh7CQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118911902">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85173002">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13334435f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13334435f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01133470">Japan</a></span></li><li><span 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href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000181864&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199636163">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm149l471jb1b7t">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810629173305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007274650405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514132906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13921047">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0815356X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500461111">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jerome Robbins"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/67cd2680-4fd8-4304-869a-ed36938b7d51">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/17910">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118911902.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/067166717">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6s7627m">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacaulay2008" class="citation news cs1">Macaulay, Alastair (April 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/arts/dance/27maca.html">"Robbins's Legacy of Anguish and Exuberance"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Robbins%27s+Legacy+of+Anguish+and+Exuberance&rft.date=2008-04-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Macaulay&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F04%2F27%2Farts%2Fdance%2F27maca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKisselgoff1998" class="citation news cs1">Kisselgoff, Anna (July 30, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/30/theater/jerome-robbins-79-is-dead-giant-of-ballet-and-broadway.html">"Jerome Robbins, 79, Is Dead; Giant of Ballet and Broadway"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jerome+Robbins%2C+79%2C+Is+Dead%3B+Giant+of+Ballet+and+Broadway&rft.date=1998-07-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kisselgoff&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F07%2F30%2Ftheater%2Fjerome-robbins-79-is-dead-giant-of-ballet-and-broadway.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Robbins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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