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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://nae.edu/","20080808140528","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1218204328"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  </head> <body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to the National Academy of Engineering (NAE)</title> </head> <form name="searchform" onsubmit="javascript:location.href='http://www.nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/Multi+Database+Search+Engine?OpenAgent&'+document.searchform.elements[0].value.replace(/ /g,'&');return false;"> <body> <style type="text/css">  </style> <script language="JavaScript"> function popwin(theurl) { var tmpurl1 = theurl; window.POPURL =tmpurl1; if (window.opener && window.opener.location) { window.opener.top.location.href=window.POPURL; window.close(); } else { newWin = window.open('', 'NewWin','left=100,top=100,height=400,width=700,statusbar=no,toolbar=n o,resizable=yes,border=no,frameborder=no,menu=no,maximize=no,caption=no,scrollbars=yes'); newWin.location = window.POPURL; newWin.focus ( ); } } </script> <meta name="keywords" content="Engineering"> <meta name="description" content="National Academy of Engineering (NAE)"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="740" height="100%" align="center"><tr><td valign="top">  <img 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src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="1" height="5" border="0" alt=""/><br/> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" border="0"><tr><td align="right"><input style="width:100px;height:18px;border-left: #336699 1px solid;border-top: #336699 1px solid;border-right: #336699 1px solid;border-bottom: #336699 1px solid;background-color: #ffffff;font-family: arial;font-size:12px;color:336699" type="text" name="SearchTerm" value=" Quick Search" onfocus="this.select()" onclick="this.select()"/><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="4" height="1" border="0" alt=""/></td><td><a href="javascript:location.href='https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www.nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/Multi+Database+Search+Engine?OpenAgent&' +document.searchform.elements[0].value.replace(/ /g,'&');"><img 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href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/KGRG-5CKMQC?OpenDocument" class="FooterLogoLink"><b>Engineering Projects</b></a>   <br/>  <a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/NAEW-4NHMKB?OpenDocument" class="LeftNavLink"><b>Publications</b></a>   <br/>  <a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/pubundcom.nsf/weblinks/NAEW-5L3M89?OpenDocument" class="LeftNavLink"><b>News</b></a>   <br/>  <a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/NAEW-4NHMFK?OpenDocument" class="LeftNavLink"><b>Calendar</b></a>   <br/>  <a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/NAEW-4NHMQM?OpenDocument" class="LeftNavLink"><b>About the NAE</b></a>   <br/>  <a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/awardscom.nsf?OpenDatabase" class="LeftNavLink"><b>Awards</b></a>   <br/>  <a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/WDER-79UKH3?OpenDocument" class="LeftNavLink"><b>Giving to the NAE</b></a>   <br/>  <a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/MKEZ-648P2P?OpenDocument" class="LeftNavLink"><b>Related Links</b></a>   <br/>  <a href="" class="LeftNavLink"><b></b></a>   <br/>     </form> <img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="1" height="8" border="0" alt=""/><br/> <img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/pixel_blue/$file/pixel_blue.gif" width="170" height="1" border="0" alt=""/><br/> <img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="1" height="8" border="0" alt=""/><br/> <a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/NAEW-4PY2MX?OpenDocument" class="LeftNavLink"><b>Member Login</b></a>   <br/> <a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/naepub.nsf/Home+Page?OpenView" class="LeftNavLink"><b>Member Directory</b></a>   <br/><br/>          <br><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="1" height="8" border="0" alt=""/><br/> <img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/sidebar_left_websites/$file/sidebar_left_websites.gif" width="170" height="14" border="0" alt="NAE Membership"/><br/> <img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="1" height="8" border="0" alt=""/><br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/" class="LeftNavLink">Grand Challenges <</a>   <br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www.onlineethics.org/" class="LeftNavLink">Online Ethics Center <</a>   <br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www.nae.edu/nae/grainger.nsf?OpenDatabase" class="LeftNavLink">Grainger Challenge <</a>   <br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www.engineergirl.org/" class="LeftNavLink">Engineer Girl <</a>   <br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www.nae.edu/techlit" class="LeftNavLink">Technically Speaking <</a>   <br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www.greatachievements.org/" class="LeftNavLink">Great Achievements <</a>   <br/> <a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/caseecomnew.nsf?OpenDatabase" class="LeftNavLink">CASEE <</a>   <br/> <a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/NAEFOE.nsf?OpenDatabase" class="LeftNavLink">Frontiers of Engineering <</a>   <br/> <img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt=""/><br/> <img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="1" height="5" border="0" alt=""/><br/> </td> <td rowspan="2" width="15"><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="15" height="1" border="0" alt=""/><br/></td>  <td rowspan="2" width="100%" valign="top">  <img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Section+Graphics/NAEHome/$file/nae-banner.jpg" border="0" alt="Banner"/><br/> <img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="1" height="15" border="0" alt=""/><br/> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tr>  <td height="270" valign="top" width="100%"> <font class="BodyText">The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) mission is to promote the technological welfare of the nation by marshaling the knowledge and insights of eminent members of the engineering profession.</font>  <br/><br/> <b>Features</b> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="Table1"> <tr><td valign="top"><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/>><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/bridgecom.nsf/weblinks/MKEZ-7FRJUD?OpenDocument">Summer Issue of The Bridge on Transportation Infrastructure</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top"><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/>><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/">Grand Challenges for Engineering UNVEILED</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top"><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/>><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/awardscom.nsf/weblinks/WDER-7D42GY?OpenDocument">Photos from the 2008 Awards Banquet</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top"><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/>><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/engecocom.nsf/weblinks/PGIS-6SKKDZ?OpenDocument">Offshoring of Engineering Commissioned Papers and PowerPoints</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top"><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/>><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www.nae.edu/NAE/pubundcom.nsf/webviews/Engineering+Innovation+Podcast+and+Radio+Series?OpenDocument&count=3">Radio Series on Engineering Innovation, with NEW Podcast</a></td></tr> </table><br/> <b>Events</b> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="Table2"> <tr><td valign="top"><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/>><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/MKEZ-7HBHJP?OpenDocument">2008 Annual Meeting Member Registration Information</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top"><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/>><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/engethicscen.nsf/weblinks/CGOZ-7C6L3X?OpenDocument">Engineering, Social Justice, and Sustainable Community Development: Oct. 2-3</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top"><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/>><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="/web/20080808140528/http://nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/CGOZ-7BEHC3?OpenDocument">Meet the Winners of the Draper and Gordon Prizes: Feb. 19</a></td></tr> </table> <br/> The NAE is the portal for all engineering activities at the National Academies, which along with the NAE include the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council.<br/>  </td>  <td valign="top" width="171"> <img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/sidebar_right_news/$file/sidebar_right_news.gif" width="171" height="14" border="0" alt="NAE News"/><br/> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%" background="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/sidebar_right_news_middle/$file/sidebar_right_news_middle.gif"> <tr> <td> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" background="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/"> <tr><td valign="top" class="SmallHighlightText">><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www.nationalacademies.org/morenews/20080728.html" class="RightNewsLink">Offshoring is Transforming U.S. Engineering Says New NAE Report</a><br/><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="3" height="3" border="0" alt=""/><br/></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top" class="SmallHighlightText">><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=07172008a" class="RightNewsLink">The Grainger Foundation provides major grant for NAE Frontiers of Engineering Program</a><br/><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="3" height="3" border="0" alt=""/><br/></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top" class="SmallHighlightText">><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://nationalacademies.org/morenews/20080623.html" class="RightNewsLink">NAE Identifies Messages for Improving Public Understanding of Engineering</a><br/><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="3" height="3" border="0" alt=""/><br/></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top" class="SmallHighlightText">><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=06172008" class="RightNewsLink">Creative Young Engineers Selected to Participate in NAE's 2008 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering Symposium</a><br/><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="3" height="3" border="0" alt=""/><br/></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top" class="SmallHighlightText">><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=06092008" class="RightNewsLink">Students Imagine Ways to Engineer Energy for the Future</a><br/><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="3" height="3" border="0" alt=""/><br/></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top" class="SmallHighlightText">><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=05152008" class="RightNewsLink">NAE Elects Chair, Home Secretary, and Five Councillors</a><br/><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="3" height="3" border="0" alt=""/><br/></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top" class="SmallHighlightText">><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://nationalacademies.org/morenews/20080220.html" class="RightNewsLink">NAE Launches EngineerYourLife.org</a><br/><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="3" height="3" border="0" alt=""/><br/></td></tr> <tr><td valign="top" class="SmallHighlightText">><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="5" height="3" border="0" alt=""/></td><td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080808140528/http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=02152008" class="RightNewsLink">Leading Engineers and Scientists Identify Advances That Could Improve Quality of Life Around the World</a><br/><img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/Spacer/$file/spacer.gif" width="3" height="3" border="0" alt=""/><br/></td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <img src="/web/20080808140528im_/http://nae.edu/nae/naekiose.nsf/Graphic+Lookup/sidebar_right_news_bottom/$file/sidebar_right_news_bottom.gif" 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