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ground structure</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: defected ground structure"> <meta name="keywords" content="defected ground structure"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="defected ground structure"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9439</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: defected ground structure</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9439</span> Design and Synthesis of Two Tunable Bandpass Filters Based on Varactors and Defected Ground Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%27Hamed%20Boulakroune">M'Hamed Boulakroune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouloud%20Challal"> Mouloud Challal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassiba%20Louazene"> Hassiba Louazene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saida%20Fentiz"> Saida Fentiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new ultra wideband (UWB) microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) at microwave frequencies. The first one is based on multiple-mode resonator (MMR) and rectangular-shaped defected ground structure (DGS). This filter, which is compact size of 25.2 x 3.8 mm2, provides in the pass band an insertion loss of 0.57 dB and a return loss greater than 12 dB. The second structure is a tunable bandpass filters using planar patch resonators based on diode varactor. This filter is formed by a triple mode circular patch resonator with two pairs of slots, in which the varactors are connected. Indeed, this filter is initially centered at 2.4 GHz, the center frequency of the tunable patch filter could be tuned up to 1.8 GHz simultaneously with the bandwidth, reaching high tuning ranges. Lossless simulations were compared to those considering the substrate dielectric, conductor losses, and the equivalent electrical circuit model of the tuning element in order to assess their effects. Within these variations, simulation results showed insertion loss better than 2 dB and return loss better than 10 dB over the passband. The proposed filters presents good performances and the simulation results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimentation ones reported elsewhere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defected%20ground%20structure" title="defected ground structure">defected ground structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diode%20varactor" title=" diode varactor"> diode varactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip%20bandpass%20filter" title=" microstrip bandpass filter"> microstrip bandpass filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-mode%20resonator" title=" multiple-mode resonator"> multiple-mode resonator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23038/design-and-synthesis-of-two-tunable-bandpass-filters-based-on-varactors-and-defected-ground-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9438</span> Half Mode Substrate Integrated Wave Guide of Band Pass Filter Based to Defected Ground Structure Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damou%20Mehdi">Damou Mehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouri%20Keltoum"> Nouri Keltoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feham%20Mohammed"> Feham Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khazini%20Mohammed"> Khazini Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouazza%20Tayb%20Habibi%20Chawki"> Bouazza Tayb Habibi Chawki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Half mode SIW filter is treated by two softwares (HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and CST (Computer Simulation Technology)). The filter HMSIW has a very simple structure and a very compact size. The simulated results by CST are presented and compared with the results simulated by a high-frequency structure simulator. Good agreement between the simulated CST and simulated results by HFSS is observed. By cascading two of them according to design requirement, a X-band bandpass filter is designed and simulated to meet compact size, low insertion loss, good return loss as well as second harmonic suppression. As an example, we designed the proposed HMSIW filter at X band by HFSS. The filter has a pass-band from 7.3 GHz to 9.8 GHz, and its relative operating fraction bandwidth is 29.5 %. There are one transmission zeros are located at 14.4 GHz. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrate%20integrated%20waveguide" title="substrate integrated waveguide">substrate integrated waveguide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter" title=" filter"> filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMSIW" title=" HMSIW"> HMSIW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defected%20ground%20structures%20%28DGS%29" title=" defected ground structures (DGS)"> defected ground structures (DGS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20BPF" title=" simulation BPF"> simulation BPF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42122/half-mode-substrate-integrated-wave-guide-of-band-pass-filter-based-to-defected-ground-structure-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42122.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9437</span> A Novel Dual Band-pass filter Based On Coupling of Composite Right/Left Hand CPW and (CSRRs) Uses Ferrite Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Berka">Mohammed Berka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Merit"> Khaled Merit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent works on microwave filters show that the constituent materials such filters are very important in the design and realization. Several solutions have been proposed to improve the qualities of filtering. In this paper, we propose a new dual band-pass filter based on the coupling of a composite (CRLH) coplanar waveguide with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). The (CRLH) CPW is composed of two resonators, each one has an interdigital capacitor (CID) and two short-circuited stubs parallel to top ground plane. On the lower ground plane, we use defected ground structure technology (DGS) to engrave two (CSRRs) offered with different shapes and dimensions. Between the top ground plane and the substrate, we place a ferrite layer to control the electromagnetic coupling between (CRLH) CPW and (CSRRs). The global filter that has coplanar access will have a dual band-pass behavior around the magnetic resonances of (CSRRs). Since there’s no scientific or experimental result in the literature for this kind of complicated structure, it was necessary to perform simulation using HFSS Ansoft designer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complementary%20split%20ring%20resonators" title="complementary split ring resonators">complementary split ring resonators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coplanar%20waveguide" title=" coplanar waveguide"> coplanar waveguide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferrite" title=" ferrite"> ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter" title=" filter"> filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stub." title=" stub."> stub.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26396/a-novel-dual-band-pass-filter-based-on-coupling-of-composite-rightleft-hand-cpw-and-csrrs-uses-ferrite-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9436</span> A Miniaturized Circular Patch Antenna Based on Metamaterial for WI-FI Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Zahra%20Moussa">Fatima Zahra Moussa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yamina%20Belhadef"> Yamina Belhadef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souheyla%20Ferouani"> Souheyla Ferouani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we present a new form of miniature circular patch antenna based on CSRR metamaterials with an extended bandwidth proposed for 5 GHz Wi-Fiapplications. A reflection coefficient of -35 dB and a radiation pattern of 7.47 dB are obtained when simulating the initial proposed antenna with the CST microwave studio simulation software. The notch insertion technique in the radiating element was used for matching the antenna to the desired frequency in the frequency band [5150-5875] MHz.An extension of the bandwidth from 332 MHz to 1423 MHz was done by the DGS (defected ground structure) technique to meet the user's requirement in the 5 GHz Wi-Fi frequency band. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20antenna" title="patch antenna">patch antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miniaturisation" title=" miniaturisation"> miniaturisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSRR" title=" CSRR"> CSRR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notches" title=" notches"> notches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wifi" title=" wifi"> wifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DGS" title=" DGS"> DGS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158338/a-miniaturized-circular-patch-antenna-based-on-metamaterial-for-wi-fi-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9435</span> Feasibility of Ground Alkali-Active Sandstone Powder for Use in Concrete as Mineral Admixture </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xia%20Chen">Xia Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua-Quan%20Yang"> Hua-Quan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi-Hua%20Zhou"> Shi-Hua Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alkali-active sandstone aggregate was ground by vertical and ball mill into particles with residue over 45 μm less than 12%, and investigations have been launched on particles distribution and characterization of ground sandstone powder, fluidity, heat of hydration, strength as well as hydration products morphology of pastes with incorporation of ground sandstone powder. Results indicated that ground alkali-active sandstone powder with residue over 45 μm less than 8% was easily obtainable, and specific surface area was more sensitive to characterize its fineness with extension of grinding length. Incorporation of sandstone powder resulted in higher water demand and lower strength, advanced hydration of C<sub>3</sub>A and C<sub>2</sub>S within 3days and refined pore structure. Based on its manufacturing, characteristics and influence on properties of pastes, it was concluded that sandstone powder was a good selection for use in concrete as mineral admixture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20admixture" title=" mineral admixture"> mineral admixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydration" title=" hydration"> hydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89811/feasibility-of-ground-alkali-active-sandstone-powder-for-use-in-concrete-as-mineral-admixture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9434</span> Effects of Near-Fault Ground Motions on Earthquake-Induced Pounding Response of RC Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Akk%C3%B6se">Mehmet Akköse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In ground motions recorded in recent major earthquakes such as 1994 Northridge earthquake in US, 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, and 1999 Kocaeli earthquake in Turkey, it is noticed that they have large velocity pulses. The ground motions with the velocity pulses recorded in the vicinity of an earthquake fault are quite different from the usual far-fault earthquake ground motions. The velocity pulse duration in the near-fault ground motions is larger than 1.0 sec. In addition, the ratio of the peak ground velocity (PGV) to the peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the near-fault ground motions is larger than 0.1 sec. The ground motions having these characteristics expose the structure to high input energy in the beginning of the earthquake and cause large structural responses. Therefore, structural response to near-fault ground motions has received much attention in recent years. Interactions between neighboring, inadequately separated buildings have been repeatedly observed during earthquakes. This phenomenon often referred to as earthquake-induced structural pounding, may result in substantial damage or even total destruction of colliding structures during strong ground motions. This study focuses on effects of near-fault ground motions on earthquake-induced pounding response of RC buildings. The program SAP2000 is employed in the response calculations. The results obtained from the pounding analyses for near-fault and far-fault ground motions are compared with each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-fault%20ground%20motion" title="near-fault ground motion">near-fault ground motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pounding%20analysis" title=" pounding analysis"> pounding analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20buildings" title=" RC buildings"> RC buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAP2000" title=" SAP2000"> SAP2000</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37307/effects-of-near-fault-ground-motions-on-earthquake-induced-pounding-response-of-rc-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9433</span> A Ground Structure Method to Minimize the Total Installed Cost of Steel Frame Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filippo%20Ranalli">Filippo Ranalli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Forest%20Flager"> Forest Flager</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Fischer"> Martin Fischer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a ground structure method to optimize the topology and discrete member sizing of steel frame structures in order to minimize total installed cost, including material, fabrication and erection components. The proposed method improves upon existing cost-based ground structure methods by incorporating constructability considerations well as satisfying both strength and serviceability constraints. The architecture for the method is a bi-level Multidisciplinary Feasible (MDF) architecture in which the discrete member sizing optimization is nested within the topology optimization process. For each structural topology generated, the sizing optimization process seek to find a set of discrete member sizes that result in the lowest total installed cost while satisfying strength (member utilization) and serviceability (node deflection and story drift) criteria. To accurately assess cost, the connection details for the structure are generated automatically using accurate site-specific cost information obtained directly from fabricators and erectors. Member continuity rules are also applied to each node in the structure to improve constructability. The proposed optimization method is benchmarked against conventional weight-based ground structure optimization methods resulting in an average cost savings of up to 30% with comparable computational efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-based%20structural%20optimization" title="cost-based structural optimization">cost-based structural optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-based%20topology%20and%20sizing" title=" cost-based topology and sizing"> cost-based topology and sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20frame%20ground%20structure%20optimization" title=" steel frame ground structure optimization"> steel frame ground structure optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidisciplinary%20optimization%20of%20steel%20structures" title=" multidisciplinary optimization of steel structures"> multidisciplinary optimization of steel structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73293/a-ground-structure-method-to-minimize-the-total-installed-cost-of-steel-frame-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9432</span> Monitoring and Analysis of Bridge Crossing Ground Fissures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiqing%20Zhang">Zhiqing Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangong%20Zhou"> Xiangong Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zihan%20Zhou"> Zihan Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ground fissures can be seen in some cities all over the world. As a special urban geological disaster, ground fissures in Xi'an have caused great harm to infrastructure. Chang'an Road Interchange in Xi'an City is a bridge across ground fissures. The damage to Chang'an Road interchange is the most serious and typical. To study the influence of ground fissures on the bridge, we established a bridge monitoring system. The main monitoring items include elevation monitoring, structural displacement monitoring, etc. The monitoring results show that the typical failure is mainly reflected in the bridge deck damage caused by horizontal tension and vertical dislocation. For the construction of urban interchange spanning ground fissures, the interchange should be divided reasonably, a simple support structure with less restriction should be adopted, and the monitoring of supports should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of beam falling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20monitoring" title="bridge monitoring">bridge monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20fissures" title=" ground fissures"> ground fissures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=typical%20disease" title=" typical disease"> typical disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20displacement" title=" structural displacement"> structural displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150133/monitoring-and-analysis-of-bridge-crossing-ground-fissures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9431</span> Civil Engineering Tool Kit for Making Perfect Ellipses of Desired Dimensions on Very Large Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karam%20Chand%20Gupta">Karam Chand Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> If an ellipse is to be drawn of given dimensions on a large ground, there is no formula, method or set of calculations & procedure available which will help in drawing an ellipse of given length and width on ground. Whenever a field engineer is to start the work of an ellipse-shaped structure like elliptical conference hall, screening chamber and pump chamber in disposal work etc., it is cumbersome for him to give demarcation of the structure on the big surface of the ground. No procedure is available, even in Google. A set of formulas with calculations has been made which helps the field engineer to draw an true and perfect ellipse of given length and width on the large ground very easily so as to start the construction work of elliptical structure. Based on these formulas a civil Engineering tool kit has been made with the help of which we can make perfect ellipse of desired dimensions on very large surface. The Patent of the tool kit has been filed in Intellectual Property India with Patent Filing Number: 201611026153 and Patent Application Filing Date: 30.07.2016. An App named ‘KC’s Mesh Formula’ has also been made to ease the calculation work. This can be downloaded from Play Store. After adopting these formulas and tool kit, a field engineer will not face difficulty in drawing ellipse on the ground to start the work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ellipse" title="ellipse">ellipse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptical%20structure" title=" elliptical structure"> elliptical structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foci" title=" foci"> foci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=string" title=" string"> string</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wooden%20peg" title=" wooden peg"> wooden peg</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76542/civil-engineering-tool-kit-for-making-perfect-ellipses-of-desired-dimensions-on-very-large-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9430</span> Mechanism of Performance of Soil-Cement Columns under Shallow Foundations in Liquefiable Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaheer%20Ahmed%20Almani">Zaheer Ahmed Almani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agha%20Faisal%20Habib%20Pathan"> Agha Faisal Habib Pathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aneel%20Kumar%20Hindu"> Aneel Kumar Hindu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the effects of ground reinforcement with stiff soil-cement columns on liquefiable ground and on the shallow foundation of structure were investigated. The modelling and analysis of shallow foundation of the structure founded on the composite reinforced ground were carried out with finite difference FLAC commercial software. The results showed that stiff columns were not effective to the redistribute the shear stresses in the composite ground, thus, were not effective to reduce shear stress and shear strain on the soil between the columns. The excessive pore pressure increase which is dependent on volumetric strain (contractive) tendency of loose sand upon shearing, was not reduced to a significant level that liquefaction potential could be remediated. Thus, mechanism of performance with reduction of pore pressure and consequent liquefaction was not predicted in numerical analysis. Nonetheless, the columns were effective to resist the load of structure in compression and reduced the liquefaction-induced large settlements of structure to tolerable limits when provided adjacent and beneath the pad of shallow foundation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title=" liquefaction"> liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism" title=" mechanism"> mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-cement%20columns" title=" soil-cement columns"> soil-cement columns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101029/mechanism-of-performance-of-soil-cement-columns-under-shallow-foundations-in-liquefiable-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9429</span> Magnification Factor Based Seismic Response of Moment Resisting Frames with Open Ground Storey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subzar%20Ahmad%20Bhat">Subzar Ahmad Bhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saraswati%20Setia"> Saraswati Setia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.Sehgal"> V. K.Sehgal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the past earthquakes, open ground storey buildings have performed poorly due to the soft storey defect. Indian Standard IS 1893:2002 allows analysis of open ground storey buildings without considering infill stiffness but with a multiplication factor 2.5 in compensation for the stiffness discontinuity. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to check the applicability of the multiplication factor of 2.5 and study behaviour of the structure after the application of the multiplication factor. For this purpose, study is performed on models considering infill stiffness using SAP 2000 (Version 14) by linear static analysis and response spectrum analysis. Total seven models are analysed and designed for the range of multiplication factor ranging from 1.25 to 2.5. The value of multiplication factor equal to 2.5 has been found on the higher side, resulting in increased dimension and percentage of reinforcement without significant enhancement beyond a certain multiplication factor. When the building with OGS is designed for values of MF higher than 1.25 considering infill stiffness soft storey effect shifts from ground storey to first storey. For the analysis of the OGS structure best way to analysis the structure is to analyse it as the frame with stiffness and strength of the infill taken into account. The provision of infill walls in the upper storeys enhances the performance of the structure in terms of displacement and storey drift controls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20ground%20storey" title="open ground storey">open ground storey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplication%20factor" title=" multiplication factor"> multiplication factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IS%201893%3A2002%20provisions" title=" IS 1893:2002 provisions"> IS 1893:2002 provisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20analysis" title=" static analysis"> static analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20spectrum%20analysis" title=" response spectrum analysis"> response spectrum analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infill%20stiffness" title=" infill stiffness"> infill stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20strut" title=" equivalent strut "> equivalent strut </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28538/magnification-factor-based-seismic-response-of-moment-resisting-frames-with-open-ground-storey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9428</span> Thermal Properties of the Ground in Cyprus and Their Correlations and Effect on the Efficiency of Ground Heat Exchangers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Florides">G. A. Florides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Theofanous"> E. Theofanous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Iosif-Stylianou"> I. Iosif-Stylianou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Christodoulides"> P. Christodoulides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kalogirou"> S. Kalogirou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Messarites"> V. Messarites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Zomeni"> Z. Zomeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Tsiolakis"> E. Tsiolakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20D.%20Pouloupatis"> P. D. Pouloupatis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20P.%20Panayiotou"> G. P. Panayiotou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ground Coupled Heat Pumps (GCHPs) exploit effectively the heat capacity of the ground, with the use of Ground Heat Exchangers (GHE). Depending on the mode of operation of the GCHPs, GHEs dissipate or absorb heat from the ground. For sizing the GHE the thermal properties of the ground need to be known. This paper gives information about the density, thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal diffusivity of various lithologies encountered in Cyprus with various relations between these properties being examined through comparison and modeling. The results show that the most important correlation is the one encountered between thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity with both properties showing similar response to the inlet and outlet flow temperature of vertical and horizontal heat exchangers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20heat%20exchangers" title="ground heat exchangers">ground heat exchangers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20thermal%20conductivity" title=" ground thermal conductivity"> ground thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20thermal%20diffusivity" title=" ground thermal diffusivity"> ground thermal diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20thermal%20properties" title=" ground thermal properties"> ground thermal properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2459/thermal-properties-of-the-ground-in-cyprus-and-their-correlations-and-effect-on-the-efficiency-of-ground-heat-exchangers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9427</span> A Case Study of the Ground Collapse Due to Excavation Using Non-Destructive Testing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Cheong%20Yoo">Ki-Cheong Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yushik%20Han"> Yushik Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heejeung%20Sohn"> Heejeung Sohn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinwoo%20Kim"> Jinwoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A ground collapse can be caused by natural and artificial factors. Ground collapses that have occurred frequently in Korea were observed and classified into different types by the main contributing factor. In this study, ground collapse induced by groundwater level disturbance in an excavation site was analyzed. Also, ground loosening region around the excavation site was detected and analyzed using non-destructive testing, such as GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) survey and Electrical Resistivity. The result of the surveys showed that the ground was loosened widely over the surrounding area of the excavation due to groundwater discharge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistivity" title="electrical resistivity">electrical resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20collapse" title=" ground collapse"> ground collapse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20level" title=" groundwater level"> groundwater level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPR%20%28ground%20penetrating%20radar%29" title=" GPR (ground penetrating radar)"> GPR (ground penetrating radar)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79051/a-case-study-of-the-ground-collapse-due-to-excavation-using-non-destructive-testing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9426</span> 3D Frictionless Contact Case between the Structure of E-Bike and the Ground</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lele%20Zhang">Lele Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Leng%20Choo"> Hui Leng Choo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Konyukhov"> Alexander Konyukhov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuguang%20Li"> Shuguang Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> China is currently the world's largest producer and distributor of electric bicycle (e-bike). The increasing number of e-bikes on the road is accompanied by rising injuries and even deaths of e-bike drivers. Therefore, there is a growing need to improve the safety structure of e-bikes. This 3D frictionless contact analysis is a preliminary, but necessary work for further structural design improvement of an e-bike. The contact analysis between e-bike and the ground was carried out as follows: firstly, the Penalty method was illustrated and derived from the simplest spring-mass system. This is one of the most common methods to satisfy the frictionless contact case; secondly, ANSYS static analysis was carried out to verify finite element (FE) models with contact pair (without friction) between e-bike and the ground; finally, ANSYS transient analysis was used to obtain the data of the penetration p(u) of e-bike with respect to the ground. Results obtained from the simulation are as estimated by comparing with that from theoretical method. In the future, protective shell will be designed following the stability criteria and added to the frame of e-bike. Simulation of side falling of the improved safety structure of e-bike will be confirmed with experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frictionless%20contact" title="frictionless contact">frictionless contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penalty%20method" title=" penalty method"> penalty method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-bike" title=" e-bike"> e-bike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26765/3d-frictionless-contact-case-between-the-structure-of-e-bike-and-the-ground" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9425</span> Novel Microstrip MIMO Antenna for 3G/4G Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandro%20Samir%20Nasief">Sandro Samir Nasief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Hamed%20Ghouz"> Hussein Hamed Ghouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Fathy"> Mohamed Fathy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A compact ultra-wide band micro-strip MIMO antenna is introduced. The antenna consists of two elements each of size 24X24 mm2 (square millimetre) while the total MIMO size is 58X24 mm2 after the spacing between MIMO elements and adding a decouple circuit. The first one covers from 3.29 to 6.9 GHZ using digital ground and the second antenna covers from 8.76 to 13.27 GHZ using defective ground. This type of antenna is used for 3G and 4G applications. The introduction for the antenna structure and the parametric study (reflection coefficients, gain, coupling and decoupling) will be introduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-strip%20antenna" title="micro-strip antenna">micro-strip antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20ground" title=" digital ground"> digital ground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defective%20ground" title=" defective ground"> defective ground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decouple%20circuit" title=" decouple circuit"> decouple circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title=" bandwidth"> bandwidth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4377/novel-microstrip-mimo-antenna-for-3g4g-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9424</span> Seismic Performance of Isolated Bridge Configurations with Soil Structure Interaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davide%20Forcellini">Davide Forcellini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most recent development of earthquake engineering is based on concept of design consisting in prescribed performance rather than the more traditional prescriptive approaches. The paper aims to assess the effects of isolation devices and soil structure interaction on a benchmark bridge adopting a Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering methodology. Several isolated configurations of abutments and pier connections are compared performing the most representative isolation devices. Isolation systems suitability depends on many factors, mainly connected with ground effects. In this regard, the second purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the studied bridge configurations. Contributions of isolation technique and soil structure interaction are assessed evaluating the resistance effects applied to Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) levels in terms of cost and time repair quantities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20isolation" title="base isolation">base isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge" title=" bridge"> bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20engineering" title=" earthquake engineering"> earthquake engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20linearity" title=" non linearity"> non linearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PBEE%20methodology" title=" PBEE methodology"> PBEE methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20assessment" title=" seismic assessment"> seismic assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20structure%20interaction" title=" soil structure interaction "> soil structure interaction </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4909/seismic-performance-of-isolated-bridge-configurations-with-soil-structure-interaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9423</span> Design and Implementation of Smart Watch Textile Antenna for Wi-Fi Bio-Medical Applications in Millimetric Wave Band</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Ghanem">M. G. Ghanem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20M.%20A.%20Allam"> A. M. M. A. Allam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diaa%20E.%20Fawzy"> Diaa E. Fawzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Faruk%20Cengiz"> Mehmet Faruk Cengiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is devoted to the design and implementation of a smartwatch textile antenna for Wi-Fi bio-medical applications in millimetric wave bands. The antenna is implemented on a leather textile-based substrate to be embedded in a smartwatch. It enables the watch to pick Wi-Fi signals without the need to be connected to a mobile through Bluetooth. It operates at 60 GHz or WiGig (Wireless Gigabit Alliance) band with a wide band for higher rate applications. It also could be implemented over many stratified layers of the body organisms to be used in the diagnosis of many diseases like diabetes and cancer. The structure is designed and simulated using CST (Studio Suite) program. The wearable patch antenna has an octagon shape, and it is implemented on leather material that acts as a flexible substrate with a size of 5.632 x 6.4 x 2 mm3, a relative permittivity of 2.95, and a loss tangent of 0.006. The feeding is carried out using differential feed (discrete port in CST). The work provides five antenna implementations; antenna without ground, a ground is added at the back of the antenna in order to increase the antenna gain, the substrate dimensions are increased to 15 x 30 mm2 to resemble the real hand watch size, layers of skin and fat are added under the ground of the antenna to study the effect of human body tissues human on the antenna performance. Finally, the whole structure is bent. It is found that the antenna can achieve a simulated peak realized gain in dB of 5.68, 7.28, 6.15, 3.03, and 4.37 for antenna without ground, antenna with the ground, antenna with larger substrate dimensions, antenna with skin and fat, and bent structure, respectively. The antenna with ground exhibits high gain; while adding the human organisms absorption, the gain is degraded because of human absorption. The bent structure contributes to higher gain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio%20medical%20engineering" title="bio medical engineering">bio medical engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=millimetric%20wave" title=" millimetric wave"> millimetric wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20watch" title=" smart watch"> smart watch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20antennas" title=" textile antennas"> textile antennas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wi-Fi" title=" Wi-Fi"> Wi-Fi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151586/design-and-implementation-of-smart-watch-textile-antenna-for-wi-fi-bio-medical-applications-in-millimetric-wave-band" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9422</span> Ground-Structure Interaction Analysis of Aged Tunnels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behrang%20Dadfar">Behrang Dadfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Bidhendi"> Hossein Bidhendi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimmy%20Susetyo"> Jimmy Susetyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Paul%20Abbatangelo"> John Paul Abbatangelo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Finding structural demand under various conditions that a structure may experience during its service life is an important step towards structural life-cycle analysis. In this paper, structural demand for the precast concrete tunnel lining (PCTL) segments of Toronto’s 60-year-old subway tunnels is investigated. Numerical modelling was conducted using FLAC3D, a finite difference-based software capable of simulating ground-structure interaction and ground material’s flow in three dimensions. The specific structural details of the segmental tunnel lining, such as the convex shape of the PCTL segments at radial joints and the PCTL segment pockets, were considered in the numerical modelling. Also, the model was developed in a way to accommodate the flexibility required for the simulation of various deterioration scenarios, shapes, and patterns that have been observed over more than 20 years. The soil behavior was simulated by using plastic-hardening constitutive model of FLAC3D. The effect of the depth of the tunnel, the coefficient of lateral earth pressure as well as the patterns of deterioration of the segments were studied. The structural capacity under various deterioration patterns and the existing loading conditions was evaluated using axial-flexural interaction curves that were developed for each deterioration pattern. The results were used to provide recommendations for the next phase of tunnel lining rehabilitation program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precast%20concrete%20tunnel%20lining" title="precast concrete tunnel lining">precast concrete tunnel lining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground-structure%20interaction" title=" ground-structure interaction"> ground-structure interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modelling" title=" numerical modelling"> numerical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterioration" title=" deterioration"> deterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnels" title=" tunnels"> tunnels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144339/ground-structure-interaction-analysis-of-aged-tunnels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9421</span> Effects of Ground Motion Characteristics on Damage of RC Buildings: A Detailed Investiagation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elassaly">Mohamed Elassaly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The damage status of RC buildings is greatly influenced by the characteristics of the imposed ground motion. Peak Ground Acceleration and frequency contents are considered the main two factors that affect ground motion characteristics; hence, affecting the seismic response of RC structures and consequently their damage state. A detailed investigation on the combined effects of these two factors on damage assessment of RC buildings, is carried out. Twenty one earthquake records are analyzed and arranged into three groups, according to their frequency contents. These records are used in an investigation to define the expected damage state that would be attained by RC buildings, if subjected to varying ground motion characteristics. The damage assessment is conducted through examining drift ratios and damage indices of the overall structure and the significant structural components of RC building. Base and story shear of RC building model, are also investigated, for cases when the model is subjected to the chosen twenty one earthquake records. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed on a 2-dimensional model of a 12-story R.C. building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title="damage">damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20content" title=" frequency content"> frequency content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20motion" title=" ground motion"> ground motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGA" title=" PGA"> PGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20building" title=" RC building"> RC building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic" title=" seismic"> seismic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18914/effects-of-ground-motion-characteristics-on-damage-of-rc-buildings-a-detailed-investiagation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9420</span> Stress Variation of Underground Building Structure during Top-Down Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo-yeon%20Seo">Soo-yeon Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seol-ki%20Kim"> Seol-ki Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-jin%20Jung"> Su-jin Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the construction of a building, it is necessary to minimize construction period and secure enough work space for stacking of materials during the construction especially in city area. In this manner, various top-down construction methods have been developed and widely used in Korea. This paper investigates the stress variation of underground structure of a building constructed by using SPS (Strut as Permanent System) known as a top-down method in Korea through an analytical approach. Various types of earth pressure distribution related to ground condition were considered in the structural analysis of an example structure at each step of the excavation. From the analysis, the most high member force acting on beams was found when the ground type was medium sandy soil and a stress concentration was found in corner area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20of%20building" title="construction of building">construction of building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=top-down%20construction%20method" title=" top-down construction method"> top-down construction method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earth%20pressure%20distribution" title=" earth pressure distribution"> earth pressure distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=member%20force" title=" member force"> member force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20concentration" title=" stress concentration"> stress concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63230/stress-variation-of-underground-building-structure-during-top-down-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9419</span> Shock Response Analysis of Soil-Structure Systems Induced by Near-Fault Pulses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Masaeli">H. Masaeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaei"> R. Ziaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Khoshnoudian"> F. Khoshnoudian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shock response analysis of the soil–structure systems induced by near–fault pulses is investigated. Vibration transmissibility of the soil–structure systems is evaluated by Shock Response Spectra (SRS). Medium–to–high rise buildings with different aspect ratios located on different soil types as well as different foundations with respect to vertical load bearing safety factors are studied. Two types of mathematical near–fault pulses, i.e. forward directivity and fling step, with different pulse periods as well as pulse amplitudes are selected as incident ground shock. Linear versus nonlinear Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI) condition are considered alternatively and the corresponding results are compared. The results show that nonlinear SSI is likely to amplify the acceleration responses when subjected to long–period incident pulses with normalized period exceeding a threshold. It is also shown that this threshold correlates with soil type, so that increased shear–wave velocity of the underlying soil makes the threshold period decrease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20soil%E2%80%93structure%20interaction" title="nonlinear soil–structure interaction">nonlinear soil–structure interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20response%20spectrum" title=" shock response spectrum"> shock response spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near%E2%80%93fault%20ground%20shock" title=" near–fault ground shock"> near–fault ground shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocking%20isolation" title=" rocking isolation"> rocking isolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6203/shock-response-analysis-of-soil-structure-systems-induced-by-near-fault-pulses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9418</span> Prediction of Seismic Damage Using Scalar Intensity Measures Based on Integration of Spectral Values</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantinos%20G.%20Kostinakis">Konstantinos G. Kostinakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asimina%20M.%20Athanatopoulou"> Asimina M. Athanatopoulou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A key issue in seismic risk analysis within the context of Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering is the evaluation of the expected seismic damage of structures under a specific earthquake ground motion. The assessment of the seismic performance strongly depends on the choice of the seismic Intensity Measure (IM), which quantifies the characteristics of a ground motion that are important to the nonlinear structural response. Several conventional IMs of ground motion have been used to estimate their damage potential to structures. Yet, none of them has been proved to be able to predict adequately the seismic damage. Therefore, alternative, scalar intensity measures, which take into account not only ground motion characteristics but also structural information have been proposed. Some of these IMs are based on integration of spectral values over a range of periods, in an attempt to account for the information that the shape of the acceleration, velocity or displacement spectrum provides. The adequacy of a number of these IMs in predicting the structural damage of 3D R/C buildings is investigated in the present paper. The investigated IMs, some of which are structure specific and some are nonstructure-specific, are defined via integration of spectral values. To achieve this purpose three symmetric in plan R/C buildings are studied. The buildings are subjected to 59 bidirectional earthquake ground motions. The two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along the structural axes. The response is determined by nonlinear time history analysis. The structural damage is expressed in terms of the maximum interstory drift as well as the overall structural damage index. The values of the aforementioned seismic damage measures are correlated with seven scalar ground motion IMs. The comparative assessment of the results revealed that the structure-specific IMs present higher correlation with the seismic damage of the three buildings. However, the adequacy of the IMs for estimation of the structural damage depends on the response parameter adopted. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the widely used spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure is a good indicator of the expected earthquake damage level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20measures" title="damage measures">damage measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bidirectional%20excitation" title=" bidirectional excitation"> bidirectional excitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20based%20IMs" title=" spectral based IMs"> spectral based IMs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%2FC%20buildings" title=" R/C buildings "> R/C buildings </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13608/prediction-of-seismic-damage-using-scalar-intensity-measures-based-on-integration-of-spectral-values" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9417</span> Design and Analysis of a New Dual-Band Microstrip Fractal Antenna</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Zahraoui">I. Zahraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Terhzaz"> J. Terhzaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Errkik"> A. Errkik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El.%20H.%20Abdelmounim"> El. H. Abdelmounim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tajmouati"> A. Tajmouati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Abdellaoui"> L. Abdellaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ababssi"> N. Ababssi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a novel design of a microstrip fractal antenna based on the use of Sierpinski triangle shape, it’s designed and simulated by using FR4 substrate in the operating frequency bands (GPS, WiMAX), the design is a fractal antenna with a modified ground structure. The proposed antenna is simulated and validated by using CST Microwave Studio Software, the simulated results presents good performances in term of radiation pattern and matching input impedance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-band%20antenna" title="dual-band antenna">dual-band antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20antenna" title=" fractal antenna"> fractal antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS%20band" title=" GPS band"> GPS band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20ground%20structure" title=" modified ground structure"> modified ground structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sierpinski%20triangle" title=" sierpinski triangle"> sierpinski triangle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WiMAX%20band" title=" WiMAX band"> WiMAX band</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16899/design-and-analysis-of-a-new-dual-band-microstrip-fractal-antenna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9416</span> Adequacy of Advanced Earthquake Intensity Measures for Estimation of Damage under Seismic Excitation with Arbitrary Orientation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantinos%20G.%20Kostinakis">Konstantinos G. Kostinakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manthos%20K.%20Papadopoulos"> Manthos K. Papadopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asimina%20M.%20Athanatopoulou"> Asimina M. Athanatopoulou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An important area of research in seismic risk analysis is the evaluation of expected seismic damage of structures under a specific earthquake ground motion. Several conventional intensity measures of ground motion have been used to estimate their damage potential to structures. Yet, none of them was proved to be able to predict adequately the seismic damage of any structural system. Therefore, alternative advanced intensity measures which take into account not only ground motion characteristics but also structural information have been proposed. The adequacy of a number of advanced earthquake intensity measures in prediction of structural damage of 3D R/C buildings under seismic excitation which attacks the building with arbitrary incident angle is investigated in the present paper. To achieve this purpose, a symmetric in plan and an asymmetric 5-story R/C building are studied. The two buildings are subjected to 20 bidirectional earthquake ground motions. The two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes forming 72 different angles with the structural axes. The response is computed by non-linear time history analysis. The structural damage is expressed in terms of the maximum interstory drift as well as the overall structural damage index. The values of the aforementioned seismic damage measures determined for incident angle 0° as well as their maximum values over all seismic incident angles are correlated with 9 structure-specific ground motion intensity measures. The research identified certain intensity measures which exhibited strong correlation with the seismic damage of the two buildings. However, their adequacy for estimation of the structural damage depends on the response parameter adopted. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the widely used spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure is a good indicator of the expected earthquake damage level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20indices" title="damage indices">damage indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20response" title=" non-linear response"> non-linear response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20excitation%20angle" title=" seismic excitation angle"> seismic excitation angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure-specific%20intensity%20measures" title=" structure-specific intensity measures"> structure-specific intensity measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7746/adequacy-of-advanced-earthquake-intensity-measures-for-estimation-of-damage-under-seismic-excitation-with-arbitrary-orientation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9415</span> Numerical Analysis and Influence of the Parameters on Slope Stability </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahim%20Kahlouche">Fahim Kahlouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaoua%20Bouaicha"> Alaoua Bouaicha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sihem%20Cha%C3%AEbeddra"> Sihem Chaîbeddra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sid-Ali%20Rafa"> Sid-Ali Rafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhamid%20Benouali"> Abdelhamid Benouali </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A designing of a structure requires its realization on rough or sloping ground. Besides the problem of the stability of the landslide, the behavior of the foundations that are bearing the structure is influenced by the destabilizing effect of the ground’s slope. This article focuses on the analysis of the slope stability exposed to loading by introducing the different factors influencing the slope’s behavior on the one hand, and on the influence of this slope on the foundation’s behavior on the other hand. This study is about the elastoplastic modelization using FLAC 2D. This software is based on the finite difference method, which is one of the older methods of numeric resolution of differential equations system with initial and boundary conditions. It was developed for the geotechnical simulation calculation. The aim of this simulation is to demonstrate the notable effect of shear modulus « G », cohesion « C », inclination angle (edge) « β », and distance between the foundation and the head of the slope on the stability of the slope as well as the stability of the foundation. In our simulation, the slope is constituted by homogenous ground. The foundation is considered as rigid/hard; therefore, the loading is made by the application of the vertical strengths on the nodes which represent the contact between the foundation and the ground.  <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope" title="slope">slope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shallow%20foundation" title=" shallow foundation"> shallow foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numeric%20method" title=" numeric method"> numeric method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FLAC%202D" title=" FLAC 2D"> FLAC 2D</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45547/numerical-analysis-and-influence-of-the-parameters-on-slope-stability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9414</span> Ground States of Structure of Even ¹⁰⁴-¹⁰⁶ Ru Isotopes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Hossain">I. Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huda%20H.%20Kassim"> Huda H. Kassim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadhil%20I.%20Sharrad"> Fadhil I. Sharrad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20A.%20Mansour"> Said A. Mansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this conference, we apply the interacting boson model-1 (IBM-1) formula for U(5) symmetry in order to calculate the energy levels and reduced transition probabilities for a few yrast transitions in Ru with neutron N=60, 62. The neutron rich even-even isotopes of Ru are very interesting to investigate using IBM-1, because even 104,106Ru isotopes are great consequence due to excited near the magic number 50. The calculation of ground state band and B(E2) values using IBM-1 for Z=44 are not calculated to describe the valuable information of nuclear structure by U(5) limit. The parameters in the formula are deduced based on the experimental energy level and value of B(E2, 2+->0+). The yrast states and transition strength B(E2) from 1st 4+ to 1st 2+, 1st 6+ to 1st 4+ and 1st 8+ to 1st 6+ states of Ru for even N= 60, 62 were calculated. The quadrupole moments, deformation parameters and U(5) limit were discussed for those nuclei. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%28E2%29" title="B(E2)">B(E2)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20level" title=" energy level"> energy level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B9%E2%81%B0%E2%81%B4Ru" title=" ¹⁰⁴Ru"> ¹⁰⁴Ru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B9%E2%81%B0%E2%81%B6Ru" title=" ¹⁰⁶Ru"> ¹⁰⁶Ru</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56470/ground-states-of-structure-of-even-14-16-ru-isotopes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9413</span> Optimization of a Hand-Fan Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna by Means of Orthogonal Design Method of Design of Experiments for L-Band and S-Band Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaswinder%20Kaur">Jaswinder Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitika"> Nitika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navneet%20Kaur"> Navneet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Khanna"> Rajesh Khanna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A hand-fan shaped microstrip patch antenna (MPA) for L-band and S-band applications is designed, and its characteristics have been reconnoitered. The proposed microstrip patch antenna with double U-slot defected ground structure (DGS) is fabricated on an FR4 substrate which is a very readily available and inexpensive material. The suggested antenna is optimized using Orthogonal Design Method (ODM) of Design of Experiments (DOE) to cover the frequency range from 0.91-2.82 GHz for L-band and S-band applications. The L-band covers the frequency range of 1-2 GHz, which is allocated to telemetry, aeronautical, and military systems for passive satellite sensors, weather radars, radio astronomy, and mobile communication. The S-band covers the frequency range of 2-3 GHz, which is used by weather radars, surface ship radars and communication satellites and is also reserved for various wireless applications such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-MAX), super high frequency radio frequency identification (SHF RFID), industrial, scientific and medical bands (ISM), Bluetooth, wireless broadband (Wi-Bro) and wireless local area network (WLAN). The proposed method of optimization is very time efficient and accurate as compared to the conventional evolutionary algorithms due to its statistical strategy. Moreover, the antenna is tested, followed by the comparison of simulated and measured results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20experiments" title="design of experiments">design of experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20fan%20shaped%20MPA" title=" hand fan shaped MPA"> hand fan shaped MPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-Band" title=" L-Band"> L-Band</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20design%20method" title=" orthogonal design method"> orthogonal design method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S-Band" title=" S-Band"> S-Band</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109582/optimization-of-a-hand-fan-shaped-microstrip-patch-antenna-by-means-of-orthogonal-design-method-of-design-of-experiments-for-l-band-and-s-band-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9412</span> Optimization of Shear Frame Structures Applying Various Forms of Wavelet Transforms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Sadegh%20Naseralavi">Seyed Sadegh Naseralavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohrab%20Nemati"> Sohrab Nemati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Khojastehfar"> Ehsan Khojastehfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadegh%20Balaghi"> Sadegh Balaghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-US">In the present research, various formulations of wavelet transform are applied on acceleration time history of earthquake. The mentioned transforms decompose the strong ground motion into low and high frequency parts. Since the high frequency portion of strong ground motion has a minor effect on dynamic response of structures, the structure is excited by low frequency part. Consequently, the seismic response of structure is predicted consuming one half of computational time, comparing with conventional time history analysis. Towards reducing the computational effort needed in seismic optimization of structure, seismic optimization of a shear frame structure is conducted by applying various forms of mentioned transformation through genetic algorithm.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20history%20analysis" title="time history analysis">time history analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74748/optimization-of-shear-frame-structures-applying-various-forms-of-wavelet-transforms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9411</span> Analytical Approach to Study the Uncertainties Related to the Behavior of Structures Submitted to Differential Settlement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elio%20El%20Kahi">Elio El Kahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Khouri"> Michel Khouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivier%20Deck"> Olivier Deck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierre%20Rahme"> Pierre Rahme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasool%20Mehdizadeh"> Rasool Mehdizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent developments in civil engineering create multiple interaction problems between the soil and the structure. One of the major problems is the impact of ground movements on buildings. Consequently, managing risks associated with these movements, requires a determination of the different influencing factors and a specific knowledge of their variability/uncertainty. The main purpose of this research is to study the behavior of structures submitted to differential settlement, in order to assess their vulnerability, taking into consideration the different sources of uncertainties. Analytical approach is applied to investigate on one hand the influence of these uncertainties that are related to the soil, and on the other hand the structure stiffness variation with the presence of openings and the movement transmitted between them as related to the origin and shape of the free-field movement. Results reveal the effect of taking these uncertainties into consideration, and specify the dominant and most significant parameters that control the ground movement associated with the Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) phenomenon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20approach" title="analytical approach">analytical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title=" building"> building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title=" damage"> damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20settlement" title=" differential settlement"> differential settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-structure%20interaction" title=" soil-structure interaction"> soil-structure interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainties" title=" uncertainties"> uncertainties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78481/analytical-approach-to-study-the-uncertainties-related-to-the-behavior-of-structures-submitted-to-differential-settlement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9410</span> Effectiveness of Lowering the Water Table as a Mitigation Measure for Foundation Settlement in Liquefiable Soils Using 1-g Scale Shake Table Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kausar%20Alam">Kausar Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Yazdi"> Mohammad Yazdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peiman%20Zogh"> Peiman Zogh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Motamed"> Ramin Motamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An earthquake is an unpredictable natural disaster. It induces liquefaction, which causes considerable damage to the structure, life support, and piping systems because of ground settlement. As a result, people are incredibly concerned about how to resolve the situation. Previous researchers adopted different ground improvement techniques to reduce the settlement of the structure during earthquakes. This study evaluates the effectiveness of lowering the water table as a technique to mitigate foundation settlement in liquefiable soil. The performance will be evaluated based on foundation settlement and the reduction of excessive pore water pressure. In this study, a scaled model was prepared based on a full-scale shale table experiment conducted at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). The model ground consists of three soil layers having a relative density of 55%, 45%, and 90%, respectively. A shallow foundation is seated over an unsaturated crust layer. After preparation of the model ground, the water table was measured to be at 45, 40, and 35 cm (from the bottom). Then, the input motions were applied for 10 seconds, with a peak acceleration of 0.25g and a constant frequency of 2.73 Hz. Based on the experimental results, the effectiveness of the lowering water table in reducing the foundation settlement and excess pore water pressure was evident. The foundation settlement was reduced from 50 mm to 5 mm. In addition, lowering the water table as a mitigation measure is a cost-effective way to decrease liquefaction-induced building settlement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundation%20settlement" title="foundation settlement">foundation settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20water%20table" title=" ground water table"> ground water table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title=" liquefaction"> liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hake%20table%20test" title=" hake table test"> hake table test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152050/effectiveness-of-lowering-the-water-table-as-a-mitigation-measure-for-foundation-settlement-in-liquefiable-soils-using-1-g-scale-shake-table-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defected%20ground%20structure&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defected%20ground%20structure&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defected%20ground%20structure&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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