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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">каптал тилкесине жылдыруу</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">жашыруу</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башына кайтуу</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Колдонулган_адабияттар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Колдонулган_адабияттар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Колдонулган адабияттар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Колдонулган_адабияттар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмуну" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмунду жашыруу/көрсөтүү" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмунду жашыруу/көрсөтүү</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Геология</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Башка тилдеги макалага өтүү. 188 тилде жеткиликтүү" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-188" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">188 тил</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – африкаанча" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – немисче (Швейцария)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="немисче (Швейцария)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%AC%E1%89%B5_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5_(%E1%8C%82%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%8E%E1%8C%82)" title="መሬት ጥናት (ጂዮሎጂ) – амхарча" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሬት ጥናት (ጂዮሎጂ)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхарча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheoloch%C3%ADa" title="Cheolochía – арагончо" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cheolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूविज्ञान – ангикача" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भूविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангикача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جيولوجيا – арабча" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جيولوجيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جيولوجيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeolox%C3%ADa" title="Xeoloxía – астурийче" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – азербайжанча" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайжанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="ژئولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژئولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – башкырча" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкырча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geuoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Geuoluogėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Geuoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohiya" title="Heolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Heolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геалогія – беларусча" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Геалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геалёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Геалёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – болгарча" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूबिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भूबिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jialoji" title="Jialoji – бисламача" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jialoji" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="бисламача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဘူမိဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဘူမိဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="ভূতত্ত্ব – бангладешче" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бангладешче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douarouriezh" title="Douarouriezh – бретончо" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Douarouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – боснийче" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – каталончо" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-c%C3%A9k" title="Dê-cék – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-cék" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زەویناسی – борбордук курдча" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زەویناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="борбордук курдча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolugia" title="Geolugia – корсиканча" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Geolugia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсиканча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – чехче" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Геологи – чувашча" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Геологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daeareg" title="Daeareg – уелшче" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Daeareg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелшче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – датча" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – немисче" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6%C3%B6ck%C3%A4t%C3%B6upiny" title="Piööckätöupiny – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piööckätöupiny" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%AAolociye" title="Cêolociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cêolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Γεωλογία – грекче" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωλογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грекче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolog%C3%AE" title="Geologî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Geologî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – англисче" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologio" title="Geologio – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Geologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolog%C3%ADa" title="Geología – испанча" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoloogia" title="Geoloogia – эстончо" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Geoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – баскча" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زمین‌شناسی – фарсча" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمین‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – финче" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoloogia" title="Geoloogia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Geoloogia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0fr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Jarðfrøði – фарерче" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jarðfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie" title="Géologie – французча" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C2%B7eologia" title="G·eologia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="G·eologia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologii" title="Geologii – түндүк фризче (евразиялык тилдер)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Geologii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="түндүк фризче (евразиялык тилдер)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeologjie" title="Gjeologjie – фриулча" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjeologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="фриулча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – батыш фризче" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="батыш фризче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geola%C3%ADocht" title="Geolaíocht – ирландча" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Geolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9oloji" title="Jéoloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jéoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%C3%B2las" title="Geòlas – шотладиялык гелча" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Geòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотладиялык гелча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeolox%C3%ADa" title="Xeoloxía – галисияча" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xeoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисияча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyrekokuaa" title="Yvyrekokuaa – гуараниче" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvyrekokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуараниче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmin_duwatsu" title="Ilmin duwatsu – хаусача" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ilmin duwatsu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хаусача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huli_honua" title="Huli honua – гавайча" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Huli honua" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="гавайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="גאולוגיה – ивритче" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ивритче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूविज्ञान – хиндиче" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хиндиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – хорватча" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewoloji" title="Jewoloji – гаитиче" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jewoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geol%C3%B3gia" title="Geológia – венгерче" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Geológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Երկրաբանություն – армянча" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – ибанча" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ибанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – индонезияча" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезияча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohia" title="Heolohia – илокочо" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Heolohia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илокочо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologio" title="Geologio – идочо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Geologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идочо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0fr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Jarðfræði – исландча" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – италиянча" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиянча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%A6" title="地質学 – жапончо" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地質学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaaloji" title="Jaaloji – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jaaloji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligytedyske" title="ligytedyske – ложбанча" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ligytedyske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ложбанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologi" title="Géologi – жаванизче" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Géologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="жаванизче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გეოლოგია – грузинче" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – казакча" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казакча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunarsualerineq" title="Nunarsualerineq – калаалисутча" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Nunarsualerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="калаалисутча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="ធរណីវិទ្យា – кмерче" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ធរណីវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кмерче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೂರಚನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – каннадача" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂರಚನಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннадача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99" title="지질학 – корейче" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지질학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdnas%C3%AE" title="Erdnasî – курдча" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Erdnasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dororieth" title="Dororieth – корнишче" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dororieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнишче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – латынча" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латынча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeolojiya" title="Jeolojiya – ладиночо" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Jeolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладиночо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – люксембургча" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – лезгинче" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="лезгинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeolojia" title="Jeolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jeolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – лимбургиче" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geulugia" title="Geulugia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Geulugia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9bi_mak%C9%9B%CC%81l%C9%9B" title="Zébi makɛ́lɛ – лингалача" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zébi makɛ́lɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингалача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ທໍລະນີສາດ – лаочо" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທໍລະນີສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаочо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – литовчо" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовчо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A2eolo%C4%A3ija" title="Ģeoloģija – латышча" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ģeoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Геологиясь – мокшача" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Геологиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C3%B4l%C3%B4jia" title="Jeôlôjia – малагасча" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jeôlôjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Геологий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Геологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81tai_aro_whenua" title="Tātai aro whenua – маориче" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tātai aro whenua" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="маориче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геологија – македончо" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Геологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൂഗർഭശാസ്ത്രം – малайаламча" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൂഗർഭശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малайаламча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Геологи – монголчо" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Геологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголчо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भूशास्त्र – маратиче" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भूशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – малайча" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0eolo%C4%A1ija" title="Ġeoloġija – малтизче" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġeoloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малтизче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – мирандизче" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандизче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဘူမိဗေဒ – бурмача" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘူမိဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бурмача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1_%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7" title="زمین درست کر چیزها – мазандераниче" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="زمین درست کر چیزها" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандераниче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tl%C4%81lmatiliztli" title="Tlālmatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlālmatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuloggia" title="Giuloggia – неополитанча" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giuloggia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неополитанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – төмөнкү немисче" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="төмөнкү немисче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – төмөнкү саксончо" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="төмөнкү саксончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="भूविज्ञान – непалча" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भूविज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भूगर्भशास्त्र – невариче" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भूगर्भशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="невариче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – голландча" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – норвежче (нинорск)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежче (нинорск)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – норвежче (букмал)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежче (букмал)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie" title="Géologie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Géologie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – окситанча" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%27ooloojii" title="Ji'ooloojii – оромочо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ji'ooloojii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромочо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Геологи – осетинче" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Геологи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਭੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – пунжабиче" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пунжабиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – папиаменточо" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папиаменточо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolodjie" title="Jolodjie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jolodjie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiolojii" title="Jiolojii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jiolojii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – полякча" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полякча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolog%C3%ACa" title="Geologìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Geologìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA" title="دھرتی پڑھت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دھرتی پڑھت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%81%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%98%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87" title="ځمکپېژندنه – пуштуча" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ځمکپېژندنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пуштуча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia – португалча" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiksimuyu_yachay" title="Tiksimuyu yachay – кечуача" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tiksimuyu yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – румынча" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – орусча" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орусча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ґеолоґія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґеолоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="प्राचीनभूगर्भशास्त्रम् – санскритче" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्राचीनभूगर्भशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскритче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – сахача" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="сахача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giolugg%C3%ACa" title="Gioluggìa – сицилийче" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gioluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – шотландча" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ارضيات – синдхиче" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ارضيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхиче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – серб-хорват" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnakalt" title="Tasnakalt – ташелитче" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnakalt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ташелитче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8A%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA" title="ပၢႆးလႅင်ႊလိၼ် – шанча" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပၢႆးလႅင်ႊလိၼ်" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="шанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="භූවේදය – сингалача" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භූවේදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингалача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology" title="Geology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Geology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geol%C3%B3gia" title="Geológia – словакча" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Geológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ارضیات – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ارضیات" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija – словенче" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruambachisi" title="Ruambachisi – шонача" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ruambachisi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шонача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeologjia" title="Gjeologjia – албанча" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геологија – сербче" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Геологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeoloji" title="Jeoloji – сесоточо" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Jeoloji" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="сесоточо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Geologie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ologi" title="Géologi – сунданча" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Géologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi – шведче" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Geologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiolojia" title="Jiolojia – суахиличе" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jiolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахиличе" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நிலவியல் – тамилче" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிலவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಭೂವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೂವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Заминшиносӣ – тажикче" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Заминшиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тажикче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="ธรณีวิทยา – тайча" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธรณีวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologi%C3%BDa" title="Geologiýa – түркмөнчө" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Geologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="түркмөнчө" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohiya" title="Heolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Heolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologij%C9%99" title="Geologijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Geologijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeoloji" title="Jeoloji – түркчө" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jeoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түркчө" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – татарча" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология – тувинче" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Геология" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%90%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="گېئولوگىيە – уйгурча" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گېئولوگىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геологія – украинче" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Геологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ارضیات – урдуча" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارضیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урдуча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologiya" title="Geologiya – өзбекче" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Geologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбекче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeo%C5%82ozia" title="Zeołozia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zeołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologii" title="Geologii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Geologii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_ch%E1%BA%A5t_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Địa chất học – вьетнамча" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa chất học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talav" title="Talav – волапюкча" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Talav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюкча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djeyolodjeye" title="Djeyolodjeye – валлончо" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djeyolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heolohiya" title="Heolohiya – варайча" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Heolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="地質學 – "У" диалектинде (Кытай)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地質學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name=""У" диалектинде (Кытай)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJioloji" title="IJioloji – косача" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJioloji" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="косача" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გეოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="געאלאגיע – идишче" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идишче" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学 – кытайча" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地质学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кытайча" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-chit-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Tē-chit-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-chit-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="地質學 – кантончо" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地質學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантончо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1069#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башка тилдерге шилтемени түзөтүү" class="wbc-editpage">Шилтемелерди түзөтүү</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Аталыш мейкиндиктери"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Көрүнүш"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Көрүнүш</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">каптал тилкесине жылдыруу</button> <button 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ora_Formation.JPG/330px-Ora_Formation.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Ora_Formation.JPG/440px-Ora_Formation.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Геология</b> (гео... жана ...логия) – жер жана анын кыртышынын курамы, түзүлүшү, кыймылы, өнүгүп-өрчүү тарыхы жана андагы кен байлыктардын пайда болушу, жайгашуусу жөнүндөгү илимдердин комплекси. Геология эң байыртан, тоо-тек, минерал жана кен-таштар жөнүндөгү алгачкы маалыматтар пайда болгондон эле белгилүү. Байыркы грек жана Рим илимпоздору (Пифагор, Аристотель, Плиний, Геродот, Страбон ж. б.) жер титирөө, жанар тоолордун атылуу жана дарыя нуктарынын өзгөрүү процесстерин байкашып, алардын пайда болушун түшүндүрүүгө аракет кылышкан. Бирок, Геология илим катары туңгуч ирет орто кылымда чыгыш окумуштуулары Фараби, Бируни жана Ибн Синанын эмгектеринде калыптана баштайт. Алар айрым минералдарга, асыл жана кооз таштарга, кээ бир геологиялык тулкулар менен кубулуштарга илимий мүнөздөмө беришкен. </p><p>Европада тарыхый Геологияга тиешелүү маалыматтар 1617-кылымда <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Леонардо да Винчи">Леонардо да Винчинин</a>, Ж. Фракасторонун, Н. Стенонун эмгектеринде кездешет. Жазма адабиятта «Геология» деген сөздү алгачкы жолу немец епископу Р. де Бьюри 1473-ж. Кельн шаарында чыккан «Philobiblon» («Китептерге ышкы») аттуу китебинде азыркы түшүнүктөн таптакыр башкача диний мааниде пайдаланган. «Геология» терминин алгач 1603-ж. италиялык натуралист У. Альдрованди «теология» терминине карама-каршы, табиятка байланыштырып (зоология жана ботаника), «жер илими» деген терминди колдонгон. Азыркы учурдагы түшүнүккө жакындашкан мааниде «Геология» терминин 1657-ж. норвегиялык окумуштуу М. П. Эшольт колдонгон. 17-кылымдан 18-кылымдын 1-жарымына чейин «Геология» термининин ордуна «минералогия» жана «ориктогнозия» терминдери, 18-кылымдын аяк ченинен 19-кылымдын ортосуна чейин Германияда, Россияда (1920-ж. чейин), Англияда «геогнозия» деген термин колдонулуп келген. 18-кылымдын 2-жарымынан табияттаануу илимдеринин бир тармагы катары Геология өз алдынча бөлүнө баштаган. Ушул мезгилде айрым тоо тектердин келип чыгышы жөнүндө илимий түшүнүктөр пайда болуп, геологиялык кубулуштарды байкоо жолдору иштелип чыгып, көптөгөн материалдар топтолгон. 18-кылымдын ортосунда адегенде кичирээк, кийин чоң-чоң аймактардын геологиялык карталары (литологиялык-петрографиялык) түзүлө баштайт. 18-кылымдын аягы 19-кылымдын башында тоо тек катмарларынан табылуучу ташка айланган байыркы организмдердин калдыктарын изилдөө менен жер кыртышынын салыштырмалуу жашын аныктоо мүмкүндүгү айкын болот. Ушундан баштап Геология биротоло өз алдынча илимге айланат. 19-кылымдын аягында Жердин тарыхы жана сырткы түзүлүшү жалпысынан илимий жактан далилденген. 20-кылымдын башталышында жер кыртышынын курамын, түзүлүшүн изилдөө жолдору калыптанып, Геологиянын бардык тармактарынын өнүгүшү байкалат. Геология жалпысынан бири бири менен тыгыз байланыштагы бир нече тармакка бөлүнөт. </p><p>1) Жер кыртышы менен литосферанын заттык түзүлүшүн (структурасын) изилдөөчү тармакка төмөнкүлөр кирет: минералогия жаратылышта кездешүүчү туруктуу химиялык бирикмелердин (минералдардын) курамы, касиеттери, түзүлүшүнүн өзгөчөлүктөрү жана закон ченемдүүлүктөрү, ошондой эле пайда болушу жана табигый шартта өзгөрүшү жөнүндөгү илим; петрография тоо-тектердин минералдык жана химиялык курамын, түзүлүшүн, физикалык касиеттин пайда болушун, өзгөрүшүн изилдөөчү илим; кристаллография минералдар жана алтын, платина, алмаз сыяктуу жаратылышта таза элемент түрүндө таралган кристаллдык заттардын сырткы формасы менен ички түзүлүшүн изилдөөчү илим; литология чөкмө тоо-тектердин жана учурдагы чөгүндүлөрдүн заттык курамы, түзүлүшү, таралуу закон ченеми, пайда болуу шарты, өзгөрүшү тууралуу илим. </p><p>2) Геологиялык поцесстер менен кубулуштарды (динамикалык Геология) изилдөөчү тармакка жер кыртышынын козголушун, анын себебинен болуучу геологиялык түзүлүштөрдү изилдөөчү илим тектоника кирет. Тектониканын бир тармагы геотектоника. Ал Жердин ири структураларын (материктер менен океандар) изилдейт, ал эми неоген-антропоген мезгилиндеги жер кыймылын изилдөөчү тармагы неотектоника деп аталат. Жанар тоолордун пайда болуу жана атылуу процесстерин, алардан чыккан магма, жанар тоо тектери ысык суулары менен газдардын курамын, жер бетине таралуу закон ченемин ж.б. кубулуштарын изилдөөнү вулканология илими жүргүзөт, ал эми сейсмология жер титирөөлөрдү жана ага байланыштуу геологиялык процесстерди изилдейт жана алардан алынган маалыматтар боюнча жер титирөөгө кооптуу аймактарды аныктайт. Структуралык Геология геологиялык тулкулардын, тоо тек катмарларынын жайгашышын, алардын бүктөлүшүн, тектоникалык жаракалар менен тилкеленишин аныктоочу илим. </p><p>3) Жердин чөкмө катмарларындагы сакталып калган калдыктардын негизинде геологиялык тарыхын жана анын ырааттуулугун, органикалык дүйнөнүн эволюциясын изилдөөчү тармак тарыхый Геология. Бул топко төмөнкүлөр кирет: стратиграфия жердин чөкмө тоо тек катмарларынын ырааттуулугун, салыштырмалуу геологиялык жашын аныктайт, палеогеография геологиялык маалыматтардын негизинде өткөн Геологиялык мезгилдердин физикалык-географиялык шарттарын изилдейт; палеонтология байыркы өсүмдүктөр менен жаныбарлардын ташка айланган калдыктары аркылуу өткөн Геологиялык мезгилдердеги тиричиликти изилдейт. Геологиянын эл чарба керектөөсүнө түздөн-түз байланыштуу тармагына (колдонмо Геология) төмөнкүлөр кирет: кен байлыктар материалдык өндүрүш чөйрөсүндө натыйжалуу пайдаланууга боло турган жер кыртышындагы минералдык заттар жөнүндөгү илим; гидрогеология жер астындагы суулар тууралуу илим; инженердик геология ар түрлүү ири курулуштар менен имараттарды тургузууга байланыштуу кыртыштын физикалык-механикалык касиеттерин аныктайт. </p><p>Геология илиминин системасында жер бетинин ири аймактарынын геологиялык картасын түзүп, аларга жалпы баа берүү максатында жүргүзүлгөн аймактык Геология менен океан-деңиз түптөрүнөн кен байлыктарды издөөгө жана изилдөөгө арналган деңиз Геологиясы да орчундуу орун ээлейт. Геология башка табият таануу илимдери менен тыгыз байланышта өнүгүп келет. Айрыкча химия жана физика илимдеринин закон ченемдерин, ыкмаларын кеңири пайдалануунун натыйжасында Геологиянын геохимия жана геофизика сыяктуу тармактары пайда болуп, ошондой эле Геология астрономия, география, геодезия, биология, тоо кен иштери менен байланышта өнүгүүдө. Азыркы убакта Геология илимине теориялык жана практикалык изилдөө жүргүзүүдө физикалык, математикалык ыкмалар жана заманбап компьютердик моделдештирүүлөр, технологиялар (географиялык маалымат системасы) кеңири пайдаланылууда. Геологиялык изилдөөлөрдү бүткүл Жер шары боюнча уюштуруп, белгилүү бир багытта жүргүзүү, Геологиянын эң негизги проблемаларын талкуулоо маселелерин 1875-ж. негизделген Эл аралык геологиялык конгресс ишке ашырат. Кыргызстандын Геологиясын илимий жактан изилдөөнү Кыргыз Улуттук Илимдер академиясынын Геология жана Сейсмология институттары, ал эми кен байлыктарын издөө жана геологиялык чалгындоо жумуштарын Кыргыз Геология жана минералдык ресурстар агенттиги жүргүзүп келет. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Колдонулган_адабияттар"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D0.BD_.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Колдонулган адабияттар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="«Колдонулган адабияттар‎» бөлүмүн түзөтүү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Колдонулган адабияттар"><span>булагын түзөтүү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%9C%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%E2%80%9D_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="“Кыргызстан” улуттук энциклопедиясы">“Кыргызстан” улуттук энциклопедиясы</a>: 2-том. Башкы редактору Асанов Ү. А. К 97. Б.: Мамлекеттик тил жана энциклопедия борбору, 2007. 808 бет, илл. 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