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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referencoj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencoj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literaturo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literaturo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literaturo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literaturo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidu_ankaŭ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vidu ankaŭ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidu_ankaŭ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksteraj_ligiloj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksteraj ligiloj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksteraj_ligiloj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Afrik-usonanoj</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 103 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Amerikaners" title="Afro-Amerikaners — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Afro-Amerikaners" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9C%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%8D%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%95" title="አፍሪካ አሜሪካውያን — amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አፍሪካ አሜሪካውያን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9" title="أمريكيون أفارقة — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمريكيون أفارقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%87" title="امريكيين افارقه — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امريكيين افارقه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamericanu_d%27Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" title="Afroamericanu d'Estaos Xuníos — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Afroamericanu d'Estaos Xuníos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Afroamerikalılar — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Afroamerikalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="آفروآمریکالی‌لار — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آفروآمریکالی‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikana" title="Afroamerikana — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Afroamerikana" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Афраамерыканцы — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Афраамерыканцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Афраамэрыканцы — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Афраамэрыканцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Афроамериканци — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Афроамериканци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikaned" title="Afroamerikaned — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Afroamerikaned" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanci" title="Afroamerikanci — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Afroamerikanci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negres_estatunidencs" title="Negres estatunidencs — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Negres estatunidencs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەمریکییە ئەفریقییەکان — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەمریکییە ئەفریقییەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroameri%C4%8Dan%C3%A9" title="Afroameričané — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Afroameričané" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americanwyr_Affricanaidd" title="Americanwyr Affricanaidd — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Americanwyr Affricanaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanere" title="Afroamerikanere — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Afroamerikanere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikaner" title="Afroamerikaner — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Afroamerikaner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikan" title="Afroamerikan — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Afroamerikan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%AF" title="Αφροαμερικανοί — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αφροαμερικανοί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="African Americans" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroestadounidense" title="Afroestadounidense — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Afroestadounidense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroameeriklased" title="Afroameeriklased — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Afroameeriklased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-amerikar" title="Afro-amerikar — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Afro-amerikar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="سیاه‌پوستان آمریکا — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاه‌پوستان آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="rekomendata artikolo"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikkalaiset" title="Afroamerikkalaiset — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Afroamerikkalaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanarar" title="Afroamerikanarar — feroa" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Afroamerikanarar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Am%C3%A9ricains" title="Afro-Américains — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Afro-Américains" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Amerikanen" title="Afro-Amerikanen — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Afro-Amerikanen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meirice%C3%A1naigh_Afracacha" title="Meiriceánaigh Afracacha — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meiriceánaigh Afracacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamericano" title="Afroamericano — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Afroamericano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afirkawan_Amurka" title="Afirkawan Amurka — haŭsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Afirkawan Amurka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haŭsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AE-y%C3%AD_M%C3%AE-koet_Het-ng%C3%ACn" title="Fî-yí Mî-koet Het-ngìn — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fî-yí Mî-koet Het-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95-%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אפרו-אמריקאים — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפרו-אמריקאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अफ़्रीकी अमेरिकी — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अफ़्रीकी अमेरिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanci" title="Afroamerikanci — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Afroamerikanci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afriken-Ameriken" title="Afriken-Ameriken — haitia kreola" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Afriken-Ameriken" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitia kreola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikaiak" title="Afroamerikaiak — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Afroamerikaiak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%86%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Աֆրոամերիկացիներ — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աֆրոամերիկացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statouniteses_african" title="Statouniteses african — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Statouniteses african" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Amerika_Serikat" title="Afrika Amerika Serikat — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Afrika Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nd%E1%BB%8B_Af%E1%BB%A5r%E1%BB%8Bka_%C7%B9k%C3%A8_Amer%E1%BB%8Bka" title="Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka — igba" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taaqsipait" title="Taaqsipait — eskima" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Taaqsipait" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="eskima" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikan-Usani" title="Afrikan-Usani — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Afrikan-Usani" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartir_Bandar%C3%ADkjamenn" title="Svartir Bandaríkjamenn — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Svartir Bandaríkjamenn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamericani" title="Afroamericani — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Afroamericani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E7%B3%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="アフリカ系アメリカ人 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフリカ系アメリカ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika-Am%C3%A9rika" title="Afrika-Amérika — java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Afrika-Amérika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="აფრო-ამერიკელები — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფრო-ამერიკელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Афроамерикалықтар — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Афроамерикалықтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="아프리카계 미국인 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아프리카계 미국인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamer%C3%AEk%C3%AE" title="Afroamerîkî — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Afroamerîkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamericani" title="Afroamericani — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Afroamericani" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikie%C4%8Diai" title="Afroamerikiečiai — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Afroamerikiečiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerik%C4%81%C5%86i" title="Afroamerikāņi — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Afroamerikāņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikana-Amerikana" title="Afrikana-Amerikana — malagasa" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Afrikana-Amerikana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika-Amerika" title="Afrika-Amerika — minankabaŭa" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Afrika-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minankabaŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Афроамериканци — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Афроамериканци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="ആഫ്രോ അമേരിക്കക്കാർ — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആഫ്രോ അമേരിക്കക്കാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8" title="आफ्रिकन अमेरिकन — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आफ्रिकन अमेरिकन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Amerika_Afrika" title="Orang Amerika Afrika — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Amerika Afrika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အာဖရိက အမေရိကန် လူမျိုးများ — birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာဖရိက အမေရိကန် လူမျိုးများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans-Amerikaans" title="Afrikaans-Amerikaans — Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Afrikaans-Amerikaans" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Amerikanen" title="Afro-Amerikanen — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Afro-Amerikanen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanarar" title="Afroamerikanarar — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Afroamerikanarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikansk-amerikanere" title="Afrikansk-amerikanere — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Afrikansk-amerikanere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Merikano" title="Afro-Merikano — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Afro-Merikano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerykanie" title="Afroamerykanie — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Afroamerykanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="افریقی امریکی — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="افریقی امریکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="افریقايي امریکایان — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="افریقايي امریکایان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-americanos" title="Afro-americanos — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Afro-americanos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikane_Amerikanura" title="Afrikane Amerikanura — Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Afrikane Amerikanura" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-americani" title="Afro-americani — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Afro-americani" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Афроамериканцы — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Афроамериканцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Афроамериканнар — jakuta" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Афроамериканнар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamericanos" title="Afroamericanos — sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Afroamericanos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="African Americans" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanci" title="Afroamerikanci — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Afroamerikanci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9D" title="අප්‍රිකානු ඇමරිකානුවෝ — sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අප්‍රිකානු ඇමරිකානුවෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="African Americans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroameri%C4%8Dania" title="Afroameričania — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Afroameričania" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadka_Madoow" title="Dadka Madoow — somala" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dadka Madoow" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikano-amerikan%C3%ABt" title="Afrikano-amerikanët — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Afrikano-amerikanët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikanci" title="Afroamerikanci — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Afroamerikanci" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikaner" title="Afroamerikaner — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Afroamerikaner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wamarekani_weusi" title="Wamarekani weusi — svahila" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wamarekani weusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroameryk%C5%8Dny" title="Afroamerykōny — silezi-pola" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Afroamerykōny" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silezi-pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆபிரிக்க அமெரிக்கர் — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆபிரிக்க அமெரிக்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="ชาวอเมริกันเชื้อสายแอฟริกา — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวอเมริกันเชื้อสายแอฟริกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprikanong_Amerikano" title="Aprikanong Amerikano — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aprikanong Amerikano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikal%C4%B1lar" title="Afroamerikalılar — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Afroamerikalılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans — Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="African Americans" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96" title="Афроамериканці — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Афроамериканці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="افریقی-امریکی — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="افریقی-امریکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerikaliklar" title="Afroamerikaliklar — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Afroamerikaliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroamerican" title="Afroamerican — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Afroamerican" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_M%E1%BB%B9_g%E1%BB%91c_Phi" title="Người Mỹ gốc Phi — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Mỹ gốc Phi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="非裔美国人 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="非裔美国人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%E1%BB%8Dm%E1%BB%8D_%C3%81f%C3%ADr%C3%ADk%C3%A0_Am%E1%BA%B9%CC%81r%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Àwọn ọmọ Áfíríkà Amẹ́ríkà — joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn ọmọ Áfíríkà Amẹ́ríkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="非裔美国人 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="非裔美国人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui-chiu-h%C4%93_B%C3%AD-kok-l%C3%A2ng" title="Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hui-chiu-hē Bí-kok-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="非裔美國人 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="非裔美國人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49085#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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Dankon. !--> background:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-size:95%; -moz-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#A8D3DD; text-align:center; font-size:larger;" class="kaplinio io">Afrik-usonanoj </th></tr> <tr> <th><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Martin_Luther_King,_Jr..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr..jpg/220px-Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr..jpg/330px-Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr..jpg/440px-Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr..jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center"></div></figcaption></figure><div><div style="text-align:center"></div></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Beale_Street_Blues_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Beale_Street_Blues_1917.jpg/220px-Beale_Street_Blues_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Beale_Street_Blues_1917.jpg/330px-Beale_Street_Blues_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Beale_Street_Blues_1917.jpg/440px-Beale_Street_Blues_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#e4dcf6; color:#000000;"><b>ethnic group by residency • etna komunumo • <a href="/wiki/Etno" title="Etno">etno</a></b> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#e4dcf6; color:#000000;"><b>usonanoj • <a href="/wiki/Nigrulo" title="Nigrulo">nigruloj</a> • African diaspora in the Americas</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#e4dcf6; color:#000000;"><b>usonanoj</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#E6F2FF;">Suma populacio </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap">42 020 743</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#E6F2FF; line-height:14pt;">Ŝtatoj kun signifa populacio</th></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#E6F2FF;">Lingvo(j) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Usona_varia%C4%B5o_de_la_angla_lingvo" title="Usona variaĵo de la angla lingvo">usona angla lingvo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Afrikusona_angla_lingvo" title="Afrikusona angla lingvo">Afrikusona angla lingvo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#E6F2FF;">Religio </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Protestantismo" title="Protestantismo">protestantismo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Katolikismo" title="Katolikismo">katolikismo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Islamo" title="Islamo">islamo</a> </td></tr> <tr><td class="shangu-shablonon infoboximage" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em"><div class="noprint toccolours" style="border:2px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;background-color:#A8D3DD;color:black;font-size:xx-small;font-weight:normal"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Informkestoj" title="Vikipedio:Informkestoj"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/15px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/23px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Informkesto_etna_grupo" title="Ŝablono:Informkesto etna grupo">v</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono-Diskuto:Informkesto_etna_grupo" title="Ŝablono-Diskuto:Informkesto etna grupo">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono%3AInformkesto_etna_grupo&action=edit">r</a></span></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:AfricanAmericans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AfricanAmericans.jpg/300px-AfricanAmericans.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AfricanAmericans.jpg/450px-AfricanAmericans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/AfricanAmericans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>Famaj afrik-usonanoj: Supre: <a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" title="Martin Luther King">Martin Luther King</a>, kaj <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. Malsupre: <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a>, kaj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sojourner_Truth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sojourner Truth (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Sojourner Truth</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Negro_boy_1a34281u_original.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Negro_boy_1a34281u_original.jpg/250px-Negro_boy_1a34281u_original.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Negro_boy_1a34281u_original.jpg/375px-Negro_boy_1a34281u_original.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Negro_boy_1a34281u_original.jpg/500px-Negro_boy_1a34281u_original.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="3205" /></a><figcaption>Afrik-usona knabo en la ŝtato de Ohio, ĉirkaŭ 1942.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Afrik-usonanoj</b> (<a href="/wiki/Angla_lingvo" title="Angla lingvo">angle</a> <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">African Americans</span></i>) estas nomo de la <a href="/wiki/Afriko" title="Afriko">afrikdevenaj</a> civitanoj de <a href="/wiki/Usono" title="Usono">Usono</a>. Ili devenas plejparte de antaŭaj sklavoj: Ĉirkaŭ 500.000 afrikanoj estis sklavigitaj kaj transportitaj al <a href="/wiki/Nordameriko" title="Nordameriko">Nordameriko</a> inter <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a>. </p><p>La afrikusona loĝantaro ege gravis en certaj momentoj de la <a href="/wiki/Historio_de_Usono" title="Historio de Usono">Historio de Usono</a>, ekzemple dum la <a href="/wiki/Intercivitana_Nordamerika_Milito" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercivitana Nordamerika Milito">Intercivitana Nordamerika Milito</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Afrikusona_Civilrajta_Movado" title="Afrikusona Civilrajta Movado">Afrikusona Civilrajta Movado</a> aparte de la <a href="/wiki/1960-aj_jaroj" title="1960-aj jaroj">1960-aj jaroj</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" title="Martin Luther King">Martin Luther King</a> ĝis la <a href="/wiki/Black_Panthers" title="Black Panthers">Black Panthers</a>, kiel soldataro en la <a href="/wiki/Milito_de_Vjetnamio" class="mw-redirect" title="Milito de Vjetnamio">Milito de Vjetnamio</a> ktp. Nuntempe en Usono jam la hispandevena estas la unua etna minoritato kaj la afrikusona la dua. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esprimoj">Esprimoj</h2></div> <p>Nuntempe <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">African American</span></i> (do "afrik-usonano") estas la plej kutima esprimo en formalaj kuntekstoj. Alia esprimo, ankaŭ uzata de la afrik-usonanoj mem, estas <i>Black</i> (nigra, nigrulo), kiu pro politikaj kialoj ofte estas majuskligita.<sup id="cite_ref-Arndt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arndt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La Esperanta esprimo "afrikamerikano" havas pli vastan signifon, ĉar ĝi inkluzivas ankaŭ la afrik-devenajn homojn en aliaj partoj de <a href="/wiki/Ameriko" title="Ameriko">Ameriko</a>: Estas multaj aliaj landoj en <a href="/wiki/Ameriko" title="Ameriko">Ameriko</a> kie granda parto de la loĝantaro aŭ eĉ la majoritato estas devena el afrikaj sklavoj alportitaj de eŭropanoj por labori en la novposedataj kolonioj kaj ĉefe dum la 17a kaj <a href="/wiki/18a_jarcento" class="mw-redirect" title="18a jarcento">18a jarcentoj</a>, dum la 19a komenciĝis la kontraŭstaro al tiu komerco de <a href="/wiki/Sklavado" class="mw-redirect" title="Sklavado">sklavado</a>. Nuntempe la afrikamerika loĝantaro, krom en Usono, estas en <a href="/wiki/Brazilo" title="Brazilo">Brazilo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karibio" title="Karibio">Karibio</a>, anglaj ekskolonioj, kiel <a href="/wiki/Jamajko" title="Jamajko">Jamajko</a>, hispanaj ekskolonioj, kiel <a href="/wiki/Kubo" title="Kubo">Kubo</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Domingo" class="mw-redirect" title="Domingo">Domingo</a> kaj francaj ekskolonioj, kiel <a href="/wiki/Haitio" title="Haitio">Haitio</a>, kiu estis la unua ŝtato regata de tia loĝantaro majoritata tie. </p><p>La esprimo "afrik-usonanoj" ne estas aplikita al afrikaj enmigrintoj al Usono, kiuj identiĝas kun siaj respektivaj naciecoj; ĝi prefere rilatas ekskluzive al la posteuloj de sklavoj alportitaj al Usono en koloniaj tempoj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2></div> <div class="reflist references-small" style="padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Arndt-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Arndt_1-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Vgl. Arndt, Hornscheidt: <i>Afrika und die deutsche Sprache.</i> (Afriko kaj la germana lingvo) Unrat, Münster 2003. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/3897714248" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89771-424-8</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literaturo">Literaturo</h2></div> <ul><li>Jack Salzman (eldonisto): <i>Encyclopedia of Afro-American culture and history</i>, New York, New York : Macmillan Library Reference USA, 1996.</li> <li>Henry L. Gates kaj Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham (eldonistoj): <i>African American Lives</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004 — pli ol 600 biografioj.</li> <li>John Hope Franklin, Alfred A. Moss Jr.: <i>From Slavery to Freedom. A History of African Americans</i>, McGraw-Hill Education 2001, standard work, unua eldono en 1947, germana traduko <i>Von der Sklaverei zur Freiheit. Die Geschichte der Schwarzen in den USA.</i> Propyläen Taschenbuch. Propyläenverlag, Berlin 1999. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/3548265502" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-548-26550-2</a></li> <li>Darlene Clark Hine, Rosalyn Terborg-Penn kaj Elsa Barkley Brown (eldonistoj): <i>Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia</i>, poŝlibra eldono, Indiana University Press 2005.</li> <li>Susan Arndt, Antje Hornscheidt: <i>Afrika und die deutsche Sprache. Ein kritisches Nachschlagewerk.</i> Münster 2004. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/3897714248" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89771-424-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Burghardt_Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="William Edward Burghardt Du Bois">William Edward Burghardt Du Bois</a>: <i>The Souls of Black Folk.</i>, germana traduko „<i>Die Seelen der Schwarzen</i>“). Orange Press, Freiburg 2003. <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/3936086079" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-936086-07-9</a></li> <li>Karl Heinz Schönfelder: <i>Schwarzer Bruder - Lyrik amerikanischer Neger.</i> Reclam, Leipzig 1966.</li> <li>Pierre Mélandri: <i>Histoire des États-Unis contemporains</i>, André Versaille éditeur,‎ 2008, 992 paĝoj (<a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9782874950094" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-87495-009-4</a>)</li> <li>Nicole Bacharan: <i>Histoire des noirs américains</i>, Éd. Complexe,‎ 1994, 335 paĝoj</li> <li>Nicole Bacharan: <i>Les Noirs américains. Des champs de coton à la Maison Blanche</i>, Éd. du Panama,‎ 2008, 618 paĝoj</li> <li>M. Fabre: <i>Les Noirs Américains</i>, PUF,‎ 1967</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universitato_Howard" title="Universitato Howard">Universitato Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikusona_Civilrajta_Movado" title="Afrikusona Civilrajta Movado">Afrikusona Civilrajta Movado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulaoj" title="Gulaoj">Gulaoj</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksteraj_ligiloj">Eksteraj ligiloj</h2></div> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"><li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:African_Americans?uselang=eo">Kategorio Afrik-usonanoj en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span> </li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.eb.com/blackhistory/">The Encyclopædia Britannica Guide To Black History</a>, angle</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/spot/bhmcensus1.html">Statistikaj informoj</a>, angle</li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="clear:both; margin-top:0px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding: 0px; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Norma_datumaro" title="Norma datumaro">Bibliotekoj</a> </td> <td class="plainlinks hlist" style="font-size: 80%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helpo:Bibliotekoj" title="Helpo:Bibliotekoj">PeEnEo</a>: <a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/?curid=264968">264968</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Komuna_Norma_Datumaro" title="Komuna Norma Datumaro">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/7506235-5">7506235-5</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kontrolnumero_de_la_Kongresa_Biblioteko_de_Usono" title="Kontrolnumero de la Kongresa Biblioteko de Usono">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/sh85001932">sh85001932</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Francio" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Francio">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119768348">119768348</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_la_%C4%88e%C4%A5a_Respubliko" title="Nacia Biblioteko de la Ĉeĥa Respubliko">NKC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph117317,">ph673586 ph117317, ph673586</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Hispanio" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Hispanio">BNE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX4576466">XX4576466</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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