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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chochenyo language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chochenyo" title="Chochenyo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Chochenyo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_choche%C3%B1o" title="Idioma chocheño – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma chocheño" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chochenyo" title="Chochenyo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chochenyo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Spoken language of the Chochenyo people of California</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Chochenyo</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Čočeño, East Bay</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;"><span title="Northern Ohlone-language text"><i lang="cst">lisiánish Impt</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Chochenyo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chochenyo people">Chochenyo people</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">Extinct</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1934, with the death of José Guzmán<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">Revival</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">early 2000s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yok-Utian_languages" title="Yok-Utian languages">Yok-Utian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Utian_languages" title="Utian languages">Utian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_languages" title="Ohlone languages">Ohlone</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Northern<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>San Francisco Bay<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Chochenyo</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(included in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cst">cst</a> [cst])</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/east2548">east2548</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/7409">San Francisco Bay Costanoan (shared)</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chochenyo_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chochenyo_map.svg/320px-Chochenyo_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chochenyo_map.svg/480px-Chochenyo_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Chochenyo_map.svg/640px-Chochenyo_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="481" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Map of Chochenyo varieties</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Chochenyo</b> (also called <i>Chocheño</i>, <i>Northern Ohlone</i> and <i>East Bay Costanoan</i>) is the spoken language of the <a href="/wiki/Chochenyo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chochenyo people">Chochenyo people</a>. Chochenyo is one of the <a href="/wiki/Ohlone_languages" title="Ohlone languages">Ohlone languages</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Utian_languages" title="Utian languages">Utian family</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description_and_history">Description and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chochenyo_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Linguistically, Chochenyo, <a href="/wiki/Tamien_language" title="Tamien language">Tamyen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramaytush_dialect" title="Ramaytush dialect">Ramaytush</a> are thought to have been dialects of a single language, but Tamyen and Ramaytush are very poorly attested. The speech of the last two native speakers of Chochenyo was documented in the 1920s in the unpublished fieldnotes of the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_American_Ethnology" title="Bureau of American Ethnology">Bureau of American Ethnology</a> linguist <a href="/wiki/John_Peabody_Harrington" title="John Peabody Harrington">John Peabody Harrington</a>. The final native speaker of the language was José Guzmán who died in 1934 in <a href="/wiki/Niles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Niles, California">Niles, California</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="5314" data-mwtitle="Ohlone_Spoken_Word.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Ohlone_Spoken_Word.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Ohlone_Spoken_Word.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Ohlone_Spoken_Word.ogg/Ohlone_Spoken_Word.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Medina" title="Vincent Medina">Vincent Medina</a> presents in Chochenyo at the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Public_Library" title="San Francisco Public Library">San Francisco Public Library</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Muwekma_Ohlone_Tribe" title="Muwekma Ohlone Tribe">Muwekma Ohlone Tribe</a>, which (as of 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is petitioning for U.S. federal recognition, has made efforts to revive the language. As of 2004, "the Chochenyo database being developed by the tribe ... [contained] from 1,000 to 2,000 basic words."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2009, many students were able to carry on conversations in the Chochenyo language. Through both successful word formation, as well as extending documented words, the Chochenyo dictionary has grown significantly throughout the early 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Saint Junípero Serra</a> on September 23, 2015, the first reading at Mass was read in Chochenyo by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Medina" title="Vincent Medina">Vincent Medina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chochenyo_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Consonants</b><sup id="cite_ref-JP_Harrington_Chochenyo_Notes_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JP_Harrington_Chochenyo_Notes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">hard</span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">soft</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">nʲ</span> <span class="nowrap">⟨nY⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨p⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨t⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ṭ⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨k⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨'⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ts⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨č⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨š⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨x⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨h⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨l⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Flap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap consonant">Flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨r⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Vowels<sup id="cite_ref-JP_Harrington_Chochenyo_Notes_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JP_Harrington_Chochenyo_Notes-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The vowels can be long or short. Prolongation is shown by repeating the vowel. </p> <ul><li>oo is pronounced /oː/, not /uː/</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chochenyo_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404221853/http://www.alumni.berkeley.edu/Alumni/Cal_Monthly/September_2004/A_faith_in_words.asp">"California magazine"</a>. Apr 4, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alumni.berkeley.edu/Alumni/Cal_Monthly/September_2004/A_faith_in_words.asp">the original</a> on April 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=California+magazine&rft.date=2008-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alumni.berkeley.edu%2FAlumni%2FCal_Monthly%2FSeptember_2004%2FA_faith_in_words.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChochenyo+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRon_Russell2007" class="citation news cs1">Ron Russell (2007-03-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfweekly.com/archives/the-little-tribe-that-could/article_c2a92470-2ed3-5182-8c69-5145d73fe558.html">"The Little Tribe That Could. As descendants of San Francisco's aboriginal people, the Muwekma Ohlone Indian tribe seldom gets much respect. But that could be about to change"</a>. <i>SF Weekly</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230225155543/https://www.sfweekly.com/archives/the-little-tribe-that-could/article_c2a92470-2ed3-5182-8c69-5145d73fe558.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SF+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Little+Tribe+That+Could.+As+descendants+of+San+Francisco%27s+aboriginal+people%2C+the+Muwekma+Ohlone+Indian+tribe+seldom+gets+much+respect.+But+that+could+be+about+to+change.&rft.date=2007-03-28&rft.au=Ron+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfweekly.com%2Farchives%2Fthe-little-tribe-that-could%2Farticle_c2a92470-2ed3-5182-8c69-5145d73fe558.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChochenyo+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathleen_Maclay2004" class="citation news cs1">Kathleen Maclay (2004-06-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/04_chocenyo.shtml">"06.04.2004 - Conferences focus on saving native languages"</a>. <i>UC Berkeley News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UC+Berkeley+News&rft.atitle=06.04.2004+-+Conferences+focus+on+saving+native+languages&rft.date=2004-06-04&rft.au=Kathleen+Maclay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkeley.edu%2Fnews%2Fmedia%2Freleases%2F2004%2F06%2F04_chocenyo.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChochenyo+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/cst">Ohlone, Northern</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230814173510/https://www.c-span.org/video/?328177-1/canonization-mass-junipero-serra"><i>Canonization Mass for Junipero Serra</i></a> (in Latin, Spanish, English, and Chochenyo). Washington: C-SPAN. September 23, 2015. 67 minutes in. Archived from the original on 2023-08-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canonization+Mass+for+Junipero+Serra&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=C-SPAN&rft.date=2015-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F328177-1%2Fcanonization-mass-junipero-serra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChochenyo+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_AV_media" title="Template:Cite AV media">cite AV media</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unrecognized_language" title="Category:CS1 maint: unrecognized language">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JP_Harrington_Chochenyo_Notes-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JP_Harrington_Chochenyo_Notes_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JP_Harrington_Chochenyo_Notes_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrington" class="citation web cs1">Harrington, John Peabody. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!363728~!13&ri=4&aspect=basic&menu=search&source=~!siarchives&profile=all">"Chochenyo Linguistics Notes"</a>. <i>siris-archives.si.edu</i>. Smithsonian Institution.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=siris-archives.si.edu&rft.atitle=Chochenyo+Linguistics+Notes&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=John+Peabody&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiris-archives.si.edu%2Fipac20%2Fipac.jsp%3Furi%3Dfull%3D3100001~%21363728~%2113%26ri%3D4%26aspect%3Dbasic%26menu%3Dsearch%26source%3D~%21siarchives%26profile%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChochenyo+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chochenyo_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cla.berkeley.edu/">Chocheyno, California Language Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/languages/chochenyo.php">Chochenyo language</a> overview at the <a href="/wiki/Survey_of_California_and_Other_Indian_Languages" title="Survey of California and Other Indian Languages">Survey of California and Other Indian Languages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404221853/http://www.alumni.berkeley.edu/Alumni/Cal_Monthly/September_2004/A_faith_in_words.asp">Chochenyo revitalization – language at UCB "Faith in Words" 2004</a> [archived version]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muwekma.org/index.html">Muwekma Ohlone Tribe website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-little-tribe-that-could/">The Little Tribe That Could</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ohlone" title="Template:Ohlone"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ohlone" title="Template talk:Ohlone"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ohlone" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ohlone"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ohlone_(Costanoan)_Indigenous_people_of_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ohlone" title="Ohlone">Ohlone</a> (Costanoan) <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people of California">Indigenous people of California</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffcc;;width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awaswas_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Awaswas people">Awaswas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumsen_people" title="Rumsen people">Rumsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalon_people" title="Chalon people">Chalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chochenyo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chochenyo people">Chochenyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkin_people" title="Karkin people">Karkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutsun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutsun people">Mutsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaytush" title="Ramaytush">Ramaytush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamien_people" title="Tamien people">Tamyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona_Band_of_Alameda_County" title="Verona Band of Alameda County">Verona Band of Alameda County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelamu" title="Yelamu">Yelamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ohlone_villages" title="List of Ohlone villages">List of tribes and villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffcc;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_traditional_narratives" title="Ohlone traditional narratives">Traditional narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">Hunting and gathering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffffcc;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_languages" title="Ohlone languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awaswas_language" title="Awaswas language">Awaswas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalon_language" title="Chalon language">Chalon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chochenyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkin_language" title="Karkin language">Karkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutsun_language" title="Mutsun language">Mutsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaytush_dialect" title="Ramaytush dialect">Ramaytush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumsen_language" title="Rumsen language">Rumsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamien_language" title="Tamien language">Tamyen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_California" title="Template:Languages of California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_California" title="Template talk:Languages of California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of California">Languages of California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate extinct languages</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous languages of California">Indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Algic_languages" title="Algic languages">Algic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wiyot_language" title="Wiyot language">Wiyot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yurok_language" title="Yurok language">Yurok</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Athabaskan_languages" title="Athabaskan languages">Athabaskan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolowa_language" title="Tolowa language">Tolowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupa_language" title="Hupa language">Hupa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mattole_language" title="Mattole language">Mattole</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cahto_language" title="Cahto language">Cahto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wailaki_language" title="Wailaki language">Wailaki</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Chumashan_languages" title="Chumashan languages">Chumashan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Obispe%C3%B1o_language" title="Obispeño language">Obispeño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cruze%C3%B1o_language" title="Cruzeño language">Cruzeño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purisime%C3%B1o_language" title="Purisimeño language">Purisimeño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inese%C3%B1o_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ineseño language">Ineseño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barbare%C3%B1o_language" title="Barbareño language">Barbareño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venture%C3%B1o_language" title="Ventureño language">Ventureño</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_languages" title="Ohlone languages">Ohlone</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Karkin_language" title="Karkin language">Karkin</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chochenyo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramaytush_dialect" title="Ramaytush dialect">Ramaytush</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamien_language" title="Tamien language">Tamyen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awaswas_language" title="Awaswas language">Awaswas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mutsun_language" title="Mutsun language">Mutsun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rumsen_language" title="Rumsen language">Rumsen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chalon_language" title="Chalon language">Chalon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hokan_languages" title="Hokan languages">Hokan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimariko_language" title="Chimariko language">Chimariko</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuk_language" title="Karuk language">Karuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achumawi_language" title="Achumawi language">Achomawi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atsugewi_language" title="Atsugewi language">Atsugewi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Pomo_language" title="Northeastern Pomo language">Northeastern Pomo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Pomo_language" title="Eastern Pomo language">Eastern Pomo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Pomo_language" title="Southeastern Pomo language">Southeastern Pomo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Pomo_language" title="Northern Pomo language">Northern Pomo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Central_Pomo_language" title="Central Pomo language">Central Pomo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Pomo_language" title="Southern Pomo language">Southern Pomo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashaya_language" title="Kashaya language">Kashaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washo_language" title="Washo language">Washo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_language" title="Mojave language">Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay_language" title="Kumeyaay language">Kumeyaay</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yana_language" title="Yana language">Yana</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yahi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahi language">Yahi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penutian_languages" title="Penutian languages">Penutian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Klamath-Modoc_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Klamath-Modoc language">Klamath-Modoc</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokuts_language" title="Yokuts language">Yokuts</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista_Yokuts" title="Buena Vista Yokuts">Buena Vista Yokuts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gashowu_Yokuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Gashowu Yokuts">Gashowu Yokuts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kings_River_Yokuts" title="Kings River Yokuts">Kings River Yokuts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palewyami_Yokuts" title="Palewyami Yokuts">Palewyami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tule%E2%80%93Kaweah_Yokuts" title="Tule–Kaweah Yokuts">Tule–Kaweah Yokuts</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Yokuts" title="Valley Yokuts">Valley Yokuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintu_language" title="Wintu language">Wintu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_languages" title="Miwok languages">Miwok</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay_Miwok_language" title="Bay Miwok language">Bay Miwok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coast_Miwok_language" title="Coast Miwok language">Coast Miwok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lake_Miwok_language" title="Lake Miwok language">Lake Miwok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plains_Miwok_language" title="Plains Miwok language">Plains Miwok</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Sierra_Miwok" title="Central Sierra Miwok">Central Sierra Miwok</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sierra_Miwok" title="Northern Sierra Miwok">Northern Sierra Miwok</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sierra_Miwok" title="Southern Sierra Miwok">Southern Sierra Miwok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiduan_languages" title="Maiduan languages">Maiduan</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chico_language" title="Chico language">Chico</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidu_language" title="Maidu language">Maidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkow_language" title="Konkow language">Konkow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nisenan_language" title="Nisenan language">Nisenan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shastan_languages" title="Shastan languages">Shastan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Konomihu_language" title="Konomihu language">Konomihu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_River_Shasta_language" title="New River Shasta language">New River Shasta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Okwanuchu_language" title="Okwanuchu language">Okwanuchu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shasta_language" title="Shasta language">Shasta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uto-Aztecan_languages" title="Uto-Aztecan languages">Uto Aztecan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla_language" title="Cahuilla language">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o_language" title="Cupeño language">Cupeño</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaiisu_language" title="Kawaiisu language">Kawaiisu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitanemuk_language" title="Kitanemuk language">Kitanemuk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o_language" title="Luiseño language">Luiseño-Juaneño</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_language_(California)" title="Mono language (California)">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Paiute_language" title="Northern Paiute language">Northern Paiute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamint_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamint language">Panamint</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serrano_language" title="Serrano language">Serrano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tataviam_language" title="Tataviam language">Tataviam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tongva_language" title="Tongva language">Tongva</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbatulabal_language" title="Tübatulabal language">Tübatulabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ute language">Ute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Wintuan_languages" title="Wintuan languages">Wintuan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomlaki_language" title="Nomlaki language">Nomlaki</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patwin_language" title="Patwin language">Patwin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Patwin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Patwin language">Southern Patwin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wintu_language" title="Wintu language">Wintu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Yukian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Yukian languages">Yukian</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuki_language" title="Yuki language">Yuki</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wappo_language" title="Wappo language">Wappo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language isolates <br /> and unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Esselen_language" title="Esselen language">Esselen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chimariko_language" title="Chimariko language">Chimariko</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Karuk_language" title="Karuk language">Karuk</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Salinan_language" title="Salinan language">Salinan</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Takelma_language" title="Takelma language">Takelma</a></i> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Plains Sign Talk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indo-European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">California English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_English" title="Chicano English">Chicano English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_California" title="Spanish language in California">Californian Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language_family" title="French Sign Language family">Sign language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign 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