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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_"vettore"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_"vettore""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Il "vettore"</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Il_"vettore"-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Il "vettore"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Il_"vettore"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definizione_matematica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definizione_matematica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Definizione matematica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definizione_matematica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applicazioni_nella_computer_grafica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applicazioni_nella_computer_grafica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Applicazioni nella computer grafica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applicazioni_nella_computer_grafica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Esempio_di_trasformazione_geometrica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esempio_di_trasformazione_geometrica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Esempio di trasformazione geometrica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esempio_di_trasformazione_geometrica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grafica_vettoriale_e_grafica_raster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafica_vettoriale_e_grafica_raster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grafica vettoriale e grafica raster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grafica_vettoriale_e_grafica_raster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primitive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primitive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Primitive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primitive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizzi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizzi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Utilizzi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizzi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grafica vettoriale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 55 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رسوميات متجهية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رسوميات متجهية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="فيكتور - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيكتور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obyekt-y%C3%B6nl%C3%BC_qrafika" title="Obyekt-yönlü qrafika - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Obyekt-yönlü qrafika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вектарная графіка - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вектарная графіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вэктарная графіка - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вэктарная графіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Векторна графика - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Векторна графика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="ভেক্টর গ্রাফিক্স - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভেক্টর গ্রাফিক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorska_grafika" title="Vektorska grafika - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vektorska grafika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A0fic_vectorial" title="Gràfic vectorial - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gràfic vectorial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorov%C3%A1_grafika" title="Vektorová grafika - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vektorová grafika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafik" title="Vektorgrafik - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vektorgrafik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafik" title="Vektorgrafik - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vektorgrafik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vector graphics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektora_bildo" title="Vektora bildo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vektora bildo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A1fico_vectorial" title="Gráfico vectorial - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gráfico vectorial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgraafika" title="Vektorgraafika - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vektorgraafika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irudi_bektorial" title="Irudi bektorial - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irudi bektorial" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گرافیک برداری - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرافیک برداری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorigrafiikka" title="Vektorigrafiikka - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vektorigrafiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_vectorielle" title="Image vectorielle - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Image vectorielle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A1fico_vectorial" title="Gráfico vectorial - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gráfico vectorial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גרפיקה וקטורית - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרפיקה וקטורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafika" title="Vektorgrafika - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vektorgrafika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambar_vektor" title="Gambar vektor - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gambar vektor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafiko_vektorala" title="Grafiko vektorala - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Grafiko vektorala" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigurmynd" title="Vigurmynd - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vigurmynd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F" title="ベクター画像 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベクター画像" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ვექტორული გამოსახულება - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვექტორული გამოსახულება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A1%ED%84%B0_%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%ED%94%BD%EC%8A%A4" title="벡터 그래픽스 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벡터 그래픽스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafika" title="Vektorgrafika - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vektorgrafika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Графике информацийым векторло кодлымаш - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Графике информацийым векторло кодлымаш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Векторска графика - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Векторска графика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafik_vektor" title="Grafik vektor - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Grafik vektor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="भेक्टर चित्रण - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भेक्टर चित्रण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectorafbeelding" title="Vectorafbeelding - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vectorafbeelding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafikk" title="Vektorgrafikk - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vektorgrafikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafika_wektorowa" title="Grafika wektorowa - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grafika wektorowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desenho_vetorial" title="Desenho vetorial - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Desenho vetorial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafic%C4%83_vectorial%C4%83" title="Grafică vectorială - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grafică vectorială" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Векторная графика - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Векторная графика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorska_grafika" title="Vektorska grafika - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vektorska grafika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vector graphics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorov%C3%A1_grafika" title="Vektorová grafika - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vektorová grafika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorska_grafika" title="Vektorska grafika - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vektorska grafika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Векторска графика - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Векторска графика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vektorgrafik" title="Vektorgrafik - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vektorgrafik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="திசையன் வரைகலை - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திசையன் வரைகலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาพกราฟิกส์เวกเตอร์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาพกราฟิกส์เวกเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapikong_bektor" title="Grapikong bektor - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Grapikong bektor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vekt%C3%B6rel_grafik" title="Vektörel grafik - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vektörel grafik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Векторна графіка - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Векторна графіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="ویکٹر گرافکس - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکٹر گرافکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93_h%E1%BB%8Da_vector" title="Đồ họa vector - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồ họa vector" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%A2%E9%87%8F%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" title="矢量图形 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="矢量图形" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F" title="向量圖像 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="向量圖像" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170130#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grafica_vettoriale" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Grafica_vettoriale" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grafica_vettoriale"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grafica_vettoriale"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Grafica_vettoriale" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Grafica_vettoriale" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&oldid=140929524" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Grafica_vettoriale&id=140929524&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrafica_vettoriale"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrafica_vettoriale"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Grafica+vettoriale"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Grafica_vettoriale&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vector_graphics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170130" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VectorGraphicsExample.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/VectorGraphicsExample.jpg/220px-VectorGraphicsExample.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/VectorGraphicsExample.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>Confronto tra un'immagine raster e una vettoriale ingrandita.<br /><b>a</b>) immagine originale<br /><b>b</b>) immagine vettoriale ingrandita 8x<br /><b>c</b>) immagine raster ingrandita 8x</figcaption></figure> <p>L'<b>immagine vettoriale</b> è rappresentata da un insieme di <a href="/wiki/Primitive_geometriche" class="mw-redirect" title="Primitive geometriche">primitive geometriche</a>. È radicalmente diversa dalle immagini raster, in quanto queste ultime vengono descritte come una griglia di <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1959 – <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Casteljau" title="Paul de Casteljau">Paul de Casteljau</a>, mentre lavora alla <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn" title="Citroën">Citroën</a>, sviluppa un <a href="/wiki/Algoritmo" title="Algoritmo">algoritmo</a> per eseguire calcoli su una certa famiglia di curve, che in seguito sarebbe stato formalizzato e reso popolare dall'ingegnere <a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9zier" title="Pierre Bézier">Pierre Bézier</a>, e le curve sarebbero state chiamate curve di de Casteljau o <a href="/wiki/Curve_di_B%C3%A9zier" class="mw-redirect" title="Curve di Bézier">curve di Bézier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tali curve appariranno solo dopo il 1970, per preservare all'interno delle rispettive aziende l'importante innovazione tecnologica.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1961 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verne_L._Hudson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verne L. Hudson (la pagina non esiste)">Verne L. Hudson</a> lavora con la grafica vettoriale 3D, usando un <a href="/wiki/IBM_7090" title="IBM 7090">IBM 7090</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scheda_perforata" title="Scheda perforata">schede perforate</a> e un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plotter_a_penna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plotter a penna (la pagina non esiste)">plotter a penna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1970 – I terminali a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scansione_vettoriale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scansione vettoriale (la pagina non esiste)">scansione vettoriale</a> richiedono un <a href="/wiki/Frequenza_d%27aggiornamento" title="Frequenza d'aggiornamento">refresh</a> costante dell'immagine, che purtroppo è gravoso per il computer e viene quindi affidato ad un hardware specifico.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per questa ragione, nei primissimi anni Settanta, vari ingegneri iniziano a sperimentare un adattamento dei tubi da TV (a scansione raster) a display per computer, assistiti da <a href="/wiki/RAM" title="RAM">memorie</a> meno costose e a più alta densità, e da <a href="/wiki/Microprocessore" title="Microprocessore">microprocessori</a> più economici.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1979 – Viene pubblicato <i><a href="/wiki/Asteroids" title="Asteroids">Asteroids</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Videogioco_arcade" title="Videogioco arcade">videogioco arcade</a> che impiega la grafica vettoriale.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1980 – A partire dagli anni Ottanta, i display a <a href="/wiki/Grafica_raster" title="Grafica raster">grafica raster</a>, che usano i "<a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixel</a>" per comporre un'immagine, sostituiscono quasi del tutto i display a grafica vettoriale.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1984 – Insieme a <a href="/w/index.php?title=MacWrite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacWrite (la pagina non esiste)">MacWrite</a> e <a href="/wiki/MacPaint" title="MacPaint">MacPaint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">Apple</a> inserisce nella dotazione di software <a href="/w/index.php?title=MacDraw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacDraw (la pagina non esiste)">MacDraw</a>, il primo programma di disegno vettoriale realmente <a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a>.</li> <li>1986 – Entra in commercio il software <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator" title="Adobe Illustrator">Adobe Illustrator</a>.</li> <li>1988 – Entra in commercio il software <a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW" title="CorelDRAW">Corel Draw</a>.</li> <li>1990 – Alla fine degli anni Novanta, il <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a> sollecita ai vari produttori la presentazione di proposte per un formato standard e condiviso, che permetta di inserire i file vettoriali all'interno del codice di descrizione delle pagine, senza l'interposizione di <a href="/wiki/Plugin_(informatica)" title="Plugin (informatica)">plugin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infine, deciderà di sviluppare <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a>, che diverrà lo standard raccomandato per tutti i <a href="/wiki/Browser" title="Browser">browser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1998 – Entra in commercio il software <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldus_Freehand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldus Freehand (la pagina non esiste)">Aldus Freehand</a>.</li> <li>2014 – Entra in commercio il software <a href="/w/index.php?title=Affinity_Designer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Affinity Designer (la pagina non esiste)">Affinity Designer</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_"vettore""><span id="Il_.22vettore.22"></span>Il "vettore"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Il "vettore"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Il "vettore""><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definizione_matematica">Definizione matematica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Definizione matematica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Definizione matematica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sono dette <a href="/wiki/Grandezza_scalare" title="Grandezza scalare">grandezze scalari</a>, quelle che risultano completamente descritte da un numero, che ne rappresenta il valore. Il numero che definisce la misura di uno scalare viene indicato con il termine modulo, o più frequentemente intensità. Sono dette <a href="/wiki/Grandezza_vettoriale" title="Grandezza vettoriale">grandezze vettoriali</a>, quelle che per essere definite necessitano, oltre che di un'intensità, anche di una direzione e di un verso. Le grandezze vettoriali sono rappresentate per mezzo di figure geometriche dette <a href="/wiki/Vettore_(matematica)" title="Vettore (matematica)">vettori</a>, che sono segmenti orientati, simboleggiati tramite una freccia: il modulo (l'intensità) è identificato dalla lunghezza del segmento di freccia, la direzione dalla <a href="/wiki/Retta" title="Retta">retta</a> sulla quale esso giace e il verso dalla punta della freccia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il punto da cui si origina il segmento orientato è detto origine.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Generalizzando, per vettore si può intendere qualunque <i>n</i>-pla ordinata di elementi di un campo <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>K</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b76fce82a62ed5461908f0dc8f037de4e3686b0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.066ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K}"></span> (che può essere <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/786849c765da7a84dbc3cce43e96aad58a5868dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }"></span>, l'insieme dei <a href="/wiki/Numero_reale" title="Numero reale">numeri reali</a>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f9add4085095b9b6d28d045fd9c92c2c09f549a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }"></span>, l'insieme dei <a href="/wiki/Numero_complesso" title="Numero complesso">numeri complessi</a>, o un qualunque altro campo di scalari).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In tal senso, un vettore è una particolare <a href="/wiki/Matrice" title="Matrice">matrice</a>, è una matrice con una riga e <i>n</i> colonne è anche detta "vettore riga", mentre una matrice con <i>n</i> righe e una colonna è anche detta "vettore colonna".<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 352.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 350.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vettore.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vettore.png/526px-Vettore.png" decoding="async" width="351" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vettore.png/788px-Vettore.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Vettore.png/1051px-Vettore.png 2x" data-file-width="2168" data-file-height="743" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Applicazioni_nella_computer_grafica">Applicazioni nella computer grafica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Applicazioni nella computer grafica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Applicazioni nella computer grafica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La grafica vettoriale si basa sulle descrizioni matematiche di <a href="/wiki/Primitiva_(geometria)" title="Primitiva (geometria)">primitive geometriche</a> (<a href="/wiki/Punto_(geometria)" title="Punto (geometria)">punti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linea" title="Linea">linee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curva_parametrica" class="mw-redirect" title="Curva parametrica">curve parametriche</a>, ecc.), sui relativi attributi di spessore e colore, nonché sulle operazioni algebriche e le trasformazioni geometriche (<a href="/wiki/Traslazione_(geometria)" title="Traslazione (geometria)">traslazioni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotazione_(matematica)" title="Rotazione (matematica)">rotazioni</a>, ridimensionamenti, ecc) che è possibile eseguire con i vettori e le matrici.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel caso si desideri disegnare un segmento di <a href="/wiki/Retta" title="Retta">retta</a> su un <a href="/wiki/Piano_(geometria)" title="Piano (geometria)">piano</a>, si chiamino <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/671bd891701e0d6cfa6da0114a5dd64233b58709" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{0}}"></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"></span> i due punti di estremità. Il segmento sarà totalmente definito da due coppie di valori che ne indicano le coordinate <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [xP_{0},yP_{0}]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>x</mi> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [xP_{0},yP_{0}]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/51f1d9ae3d4cca9c0908c949ea74e058e37cf329" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.906ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [xP_{0},yP_{0}]}"></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [xP_{1},yP_{1}]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>x</mi> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [xP_{1},yP_{1}]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5f8805bead0919bf46d3e5c2c84f4f8162d0e77f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.906ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [xP_{1},yP_{1}]}"></span> rispetto ad un punto di origine arbitrario e comune a tutte le entità del disegno. Se guardiamo la struttura delle due coppie di coordinate, vediamo che si possono considerare due vettori che giungono nel punto partendo dall'origine.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Esempio_di_trasformazione_geometrica">Esempio di trasformazione geometrica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Esempio di trasformazione geometrica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Esempio di trasformazione geometrica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il formalismo dell'<a href="/wiki/Algebra_lineare" title="Algebra lineare">algebra lineare</a> può essere utilizzato per esprimere molte delle operazioni necessarie per disporre gli oggetti in una scena 3D, visualizzarli con le telecamere e portarli sullo schermo. Trasformazioni geometriche quali rotazione<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, traslazione, ridimensionamento e <a href="/wiki/Proiezione_(geometria)" title="Proiezione (geometria)">proiezione</a> possono essere realizzate con la <a href="/wiki/Moltiplicazione_di_matrici" title="Moltiplicazione di matrici">moltiplicazione di matrici</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Si pensi a un'immagine come un insieme di punti, i quali sono le estremità di vettori, le cui code sono all'origine degli assi cartesiani.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> La trasformazione più semplice è il ridimensionamento uniforme (cioè che mantiene le proporzioni) lungo gli assi delle coordinate:<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{scale}}(s_{x},s_{y})={\begin{bmatrix}s_{x}&0\\0&s_{y}\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>scale</mtext> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{scale}}(s_{x},s_{y})={\begin{bmatrix}s_{x}&0\\0&s_{y}\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/343473fe6815841ad3f65704653e2af4eaf87fab" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:25.066ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{scale}}(s_{x},s_{y})={\begin{bmatrix}s_{x}&0\\0&s_{y}\end{bmatrix}}}"></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}s_{x}&0\\0&s_{y}\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}s_{x}x\\s_{y}y\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>x</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>y</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>x</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>s</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>y</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}s_{x}&0\\0&s_{y}\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}s_{x}x\\s_{y}y\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/63f73f7026aa2ff7016931414acc76fceb46e764" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:24.365ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}s_{x}&0\\0&s_{y}\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}s_{x}x\\s_{y}y\end{bmatrix}}}"></span><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{scale}}(0,5,0,5)={\begin{bmatrix}0,5&0\\0&0,5\end{bmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>scale</mtext> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>5</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{scale}}(0,5,0,5)={\begin{bmatrix}0,5&0\\0&0,5\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff0e62ec0956c3017aafe598922d0e47e820c83b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:29.696ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{scale}}(0,5,0,5)={\begin{bmatrix}0,5&0\\0&0,5\end{bmatrix}}}"></span>Graficamente si otterrà questo:</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 506px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 504px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Matrix-transformation-0,5.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Matrix-transformation-0%2C5.png/756px-Matrix-transformation-0%2C5.png" decoding="async" width="504" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Matrix-transformation-0%2C5.png/1134px-Matrix-transformation-0%2C5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Matrix-transformation-0%2C5.png 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grafica_vettoriale_e_grafica_raster">Grafica vettoriale e grafica raster</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Grafica vettoriale e grafica raster" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Grafica vettoriale e grafica raster"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Confronto tra grafica vettoriale e grafica raster<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Grafica vettoriale </th> <th>Grafica raster </th></tr> <tr> <td>Le forme vengono modellate attraverso calcoli matematici. </td> <td>Si basa sui pixel. </td></tr> <tr> <td>I programmi vettoriali sono i migliori per creare loghi, disegni e illustrazioni, disegni tecnici. Per immagini che saranno applicate a prodotti fisici. </td> <td>I software per la grafica raster sono i migliori per l'editing di fotografie. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Le immagini vettoriali possono essere ingrandite o ridotte senza perdita di definizione. </td> <td>Non si può ingrandire o ridurre ottimamente; l'immagine deve essere creata/scansionata alla dimensione desiderata o maggiore. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Le immagini vettoriali sono indipendenti dalla risoluzione: possono essere stampate a qualsiasi dimensione/risoluzione. </td> <td>Le immagini raster hanno un numero totale di pixel (definizione) che determina le dimensioni stampa in base alla quantità di questi in un pollice (risoluzione). </td></tr> <tr> <td>Un'immagine vettoriale di dimensioni notevoli, occupa comunque poco spazio su disco.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Immagini raster di dimensioni e dettaglio notevoli occupano molto spazio su disco. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Il numero di colori può essere facilmente incrementato o ridotto per regolare il budget di stampa. </td> <td>È più difficile stampare immagini raster usando un limitato numero di colori. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opere d'arte vettoriali possono essere usate per molti processi e facilmente rasterizzate per essere usate per ogni processo. </td> <td>Alcuni processi non possono impiegare formati raster. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Un'immagine vettoriale può essere facilmente convertita in un'immagine raster. </td> <td>In base alla complessità dell'immagine, la conversione in vettoriale può fare perdere tempo. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Un'immagine vettoriale non è la più adatta per immagini a toni continui con mescolanze di colori, o per l'editing di fotografie. </td> <td>Un'immagine raster è adatta per creare immagini a toni continui con morbide mescolanze di colori. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Formati di file comuni: AI, CDR, SVG, EPS, PDF. </td> <td>Le immagini raster hanno i più comuni formati di immagine, tra cui: JPEG, GIF, BMP, PSD, EPS, PDF. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Software vettoriali comuni: <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Animate" title="Adobe Animate">Adobe Animate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Figma_(software)" title="Figma (software)">Figma</a>, <a href="/wiki/CorelDRAW" title="CorelDRAW">CorelDraw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inkscape" title="Inkscape">Inkscape</a>. </td> <td>Software raster comuni: Adobe Photoshop, Paint Shop, GIMP. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primitive">Primitive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Primitive" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Primitive"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Più o meno tutti i formati di file vettoriali supportano primitive semplici e dal <a href="/wiki/Rendering" title="Rendering">rendering</a> rapido come: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linea" title="Linea">Linee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linea_spezzata" title="Linea spezzata">polilinee</a> e <a href="/wiki/Poligono" title="Poligono">poligoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curva_di_B%C3%A9zier" title="Curva di Bézier">Curve di Bézier</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bezigon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bezigon (la pagina non esiste)">bezigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerchio" title="Cerchio">Cerchi</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Ellisse" title="Ellisse">ellissi</a></li></ul> <p>Molti formati di file vettoriali supportano: </p> <ul><li>Testo</li> <li>Gradienti di colore</li> <li>Spesso, un'<a href="/wiki/Immagine_bitmap" class="mw-redirect" title="Immagine bitmap">immagine bitmap</a> è considerata un oggetto primitivo</li></ul> <p>Pochi formati di file supportano oggetti più complessi come: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catmull-Rom_splines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catmull-Rom splines (la pagina non esiste)">Catmull-Rom splines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NURBS" title="NURBS">NURBS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iterated_function_systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iterated function systems (la pagina non esiste)">Iterated function systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superellisse" title="Superellisse">Superellissi</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superellissoide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superellissoide (la pagina non esiste)">superellissoidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaball" title="Metaball">Metaball</a></li> <li>Altri oggetti</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizzi">Utilizzi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Utilizzi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizzi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La grafica vettoriale ha un notevole utilizzo nell'<a href="/wiki/Editoria" title="Editoria">editoria</a>, nell'<a href="/wiki/Architettura" title="Architettura">architettura</a>, nell'<a href="/wiki/Ingegneria" title="Ingegneria">ingegneria</a> e nella <a href="/wiki/Grafica" title="Grafica">grafica</a> realizzata al computer. Tutti i programmi di grafica tridimensionale salvano i lavori definendo gli oggetti come aggregati di primitive matematiche. Nei <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> l'uso più evidente è la definizione dei <a href="/wiki/Font" class="mw-redirect" title="Font">font</a>. Quasi tutti i font utilizzati dai personal computer vengono realizzati in modo vettoriale, per consentire all'utente di variare la dimensione dei caratteri senza perdita di definizione. </p><p>La grafica vettoriale è stata impiegata fino agli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1980" title="Anni 1980">anni Ottanta</a> nei primi terminali grafici ad uso professionale come la famiglia 40XX Tektronix, o nel caso dei <a href="/wiki/Videogioco" title="Videogioco">videogiochi</a> in vecchie macchine <a href="/wiki/Videogioco_arcade" title="Videogioco arcade">arcade</a> come <i><a href="/wiki/Asteroids" title="Asteroids">Asteroids</a></i> e nella <a href="/wiki/Console_(videogiochi)" title="Console (videogiochi)">console</a> <a href="/wiki/Vectrex" title="Vectrex">Vectrex</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. È ormai stata abbandonata nel campo dell'<a href="/wiki/Hardware" title="Hardware">hardware</a> video, a causa dell'abbattimento dei costi delle <a href="/wiki/RAM" title="RAM">memorie RAM</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170505150545/http://www.rocbor.net/Product/surf/PaulDeFagetDeCasteljau.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">La Productique et sa Culture: Algorithme de Paul de Faget De Casteljau</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">rocbor.net</span>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.rocbor.net/Product/surf/PaulDeFagetDeCasteljau.htm">url originale</abbr> il 5 maggio 2017)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Pierre Bézier, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=wNZSAAAAMAAJ&q=pierre+bezier+numerical+control&dq=pierre+bezier+numerical+control&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-5MvOt8HZAhVEDuwKHaxGBdoQ6AEIJzAA"><span style="font-style:italic;">Numerical control; Mathematics and applications</span></a>, Wiley, 1972, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9780471071952" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9780471071952">9780471071952</a>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Jon Peddie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.it/History-Visual-Magic-Computers-Beautiful/dp/1447149319/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1519564888&sr=8-1&keywords=history+visual+magic"><span style="font-style:italic;">The History of Visual Magic in Computers: How Beautiful Images Are Made in CAD, 3d, Vr and Ar</span></a>, Springer Verlag, 13 giugno 2013, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781447149316" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781447149316">9781447149316</a>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Atari, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/http://www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Production Numbers</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), 1999. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf">url originale</abbr> il 10 maggio 2013)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/vector-graphics"><span style="font-style:italic;">Vector graphics | computer science</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Encyclopedia Britannica</span>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-3">d</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Marisa Addomine e Daniele Pons, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.it/Informatica-Scuole-superiori-DVD-ROM-espansione/dp/8808303748/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1519381455&sr=1-4-fkmr0&keywords=informatica+zanichelli+3+addomine"><span style="font-style:italic;">Informatica. Per le Scuole superiori. Con DVD-ROM. Con espansione online</span></a>, Zanichelli, 1º gennaio 2012, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788808303745" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788808303745">9788808303745</a>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Massimo Bergamini, Graziella Barozzi e Anna Trifone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.it/Matematica-blu-Scuole-superiori-book-espansione/dp/8808220850/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1519568659&sr=8-1&keywords=matematica+blu+1"><span style="font-style:italic;">Matematica.blu. Per le Scuole superiori. Con e-book. Con espansione online: 1</span></a>, 2ª ed., Zanichelli, 25 gennaio 2016, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788808220851" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788808220851">9788808220851</a>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) AA.VV., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.it/Tutto-fisica-Aa-Vv/dp/8851150486/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1519634851&sr=8-1&keywords=tutto+fisica"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tutto Fisica</span></a>, 5ª ed., De Agostini, 13 giugno 2017, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788851150488" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788851150488">9788851150488</a>. <small>URL consultato il 26 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:4_9-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Maraschini" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Maraschini">Walter Maraschini</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mauro_Palma" title="Mauro Palma">Mauro Palma</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Enciclopedia della Matematica</span>, collana <span style="font-style:italic;">Le Garzantine</span>, M-Z, Edizione speciale per il Corriere della Sera, Garzanti, 2014.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Primo Zingaretti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.it/Fondamenti-computer-graphics-Primo-Zingaretti/dp/8837114869/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1519380599&sr=8-1&keywords=fondamenti+computer+graphics"><span style="font-style:italic;">Fondamenti di computer graphics</span></a>, Pitagora, 1º luglio 2004, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788837114862" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788837114862">9788837114862</a>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) Marisa Addomine e Daniele Pons, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.it/Informatica-Scuole-superiori-DVD-ROM-espansione/dp/8808303748/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_4?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1519381455&sr=1-4-fkmr0&keywords=informatica+zanichelli+3+addomine"><span style="font-style:italic;">Informatica. Per le Scuole superiori. Con DVD-ROM. Con espansione online</span></a>, Zanichelli, 1º gennaio 2012, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788808303745" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9788808303745">9788808303745</a>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small>.<br /><div class="cite-q">«Per ruotare una forma qualunque, possiamo definire un vettore, contenente le coordinate del centro di rotazione e l'angolo che vogliamo applicare.»</div></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Steve Marschner e Peter Shirley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.it/Fundamentals-Computer-Graphics-Fourth-Marschner/dp/1482229390/ref=dp_ob_title_bk"><span style="font-style:italic;">Fundamentals of Computer Graphics, Fourth Edition</span></a>, 4ª ed., A K Peters/CRC Press, 15 dicembre 2015, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781482229394" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/9781482229394">9781482229394</a>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vector-conversions.com/vectorizing/raster_vs_vector.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Raster (Bitmap) vs Vector</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">vector-conversions.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThomas,_Orland_e_Steinberg_2007" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) David Thomas, Kyle Orland e Scott Steinberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/video-game-style-guide-ebook/page/n67/mode/1up"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Videogame Style Guide and Reference Manual</span></a>, Power Play Publishing, 2007, p. 64, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4303-1305-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-4303-1305-2">978-1-4303-1305-2</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grafica_raster" title="Grafica raster">Grafica raster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immagine_digitale" title="Immagine digitale">Immagine digitale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algoritmo_della_linea_di_Bresenham" title="Algoritmo della linea di Bresenham">Algoritmo della linea di Bresenham</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Vector graphics"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vector_graphics?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sulla <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vector_graphics?uselang=it">grafica vettoriale</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafica_vettoriale&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_della_Matematica" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/grafica-vettoriale_(Enciclopedia-della-Matematica)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">grafica vettoriale</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Enciclopedia della Matematica</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2013.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170130#P9621" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/vector-graphics"><span style="font-style:italic;">vector graphics</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170130#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Software_di_grafica_vettoriale"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; 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