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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" 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Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Franse_kolonisasie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franse_kolonisasie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Franse kolonisasie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franse_kolonisasie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toenemende_Amerikaanse_invloed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toenemende_Amerikaanse_invloed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Toenemende Amerikaanse invloed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toenemende_Amerikaanse_invloed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tweede_Indo-Chinese_Oorlog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tweede_Indo-Chinese_Oorlog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Tweede Indo-Chinese Oorlog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tweede_Indo-Chinese_Oorlog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viëtnamisering_van_die_oorlog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viëtnamisering_van_die_oorlog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Viëtnamisering van die oorlog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viëtnamisering_van_die_oorlog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ná_die_Paryse_ooreenkomste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ná_die_Paryse_ooreenkomste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Ná die Paryse ooreenkomste</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ná_die_Paryse_ooreenkomste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Viëtnam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 294 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-294" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">294 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Виетнам – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Виетнам" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wat_Tunong" title="Wat Tunong – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Wat Tunong" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AC%E1%89%B5_%E1%8A%93%E1%88%9D" title="ቬት ናም – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቬት ናም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fietnam" title="Fietnam – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fietnam" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="वियतनाम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="वियतनाम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="فيتنام – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيتنام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ڤييطنام – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ڤييطنام" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="فييتنام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فييتنام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ভিয়েটনাম – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভিয়েটনাম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="भियतनाम – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भियतनाम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyetnam" title="Vyetnam – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vyetnam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ویئتنام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویئتنام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%A9tnam" title="Viétnam – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Viétnam" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnams" title="Vietnams – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vietnams" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietnam" title="Pietnam – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Pietnam" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bietnam" title="Bietnam – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bietnam" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="В’етнам – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="В’етнам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Віетнам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Віетнам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A8tnam" title="Piètnam – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Piètnam" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Виетнам – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виетнам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="वियतनाम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वियतनाम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဗီယက်နမ်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဗီယက်နမ်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ভিয়েতনাম – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভিয়েতনাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝི་ཏི་ནམ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝི་ཏི་ནམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ভিয়েতনাম – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভিয়েতনাম" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Sokialour_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam" title="Republik Sokialour Viêt Nam – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Sokialour Viêt Nam" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijetnam" title="Vijetnam – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vijetnam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%93%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%99%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%86" title="ᨓᨗᨕᨙᨈᨊᨆ – Buginees" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨓᨗᨕᨙᨈᨊᨆ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C5%8Fk-n%C3%A0ng" title="Uŏk-nàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Uŏk-nàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyetnam" title="Biyetnam – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Biyetnam" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%AB%E1%8E%A1%E1%8F%98%E1%8E%BE%E1%8E%BB%E1%8F%B1" title="ᏫᎡᏘᎾᎻᏱ – Cherokees" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏫᎡᏘᎾᎻᏱ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Cheyennees" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyennees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8C%DB%8E%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ڤیێتنام – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤیێتنام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyetnam" title="Vyetnam – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Vyetnam" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wietnam" title="Wietnam – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Wietnam" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%A5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8A" title="Виѥтнамъ – Kerkslawies" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Виѥтнамъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslawies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fietnam" title="Fietnam – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fietnam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="भियतनाम – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भियतनाम" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%93%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ވިއެޓުނާމު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވިއެޓުނާމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%8F%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%98" title="ཝི་ཡཏ་ནམ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཝི་ཡཏ་ནམ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Βιετνάμ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιετνάμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjetnamio" title="Vjetnamio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vjetnamio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ویتنام – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویتنام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiyetnam" title="Wiyetnam – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Wiyetnam" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Fidjiaans" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidjiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjetnam" title="Vjetnam – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vjetnam" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%AAt_Nam" title="Viêt Nam – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Viêt Nam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%A8tname" title="Viètname – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Viètname" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjetnam" title="Wjetnam – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wjetnam" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjetnam" title="Fjetnam – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fjetnam" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADtneam" title="Vítneam – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Vítneam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyetnam" title="Vyetnam – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Vyetnam" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="越南" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%AAt_Nam" title="Viêt Nam – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Viêt Nam" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhiet-Nam" title="Bhiet-Nam – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bhiet-Nam" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vien%C3%A3" title="Vienã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vienã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="व्हिएतनाम – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="व्हिएतनाम" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE" title="વિયેતનામ – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિયેતનામ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vietnam" title="Yn Vietnam – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%CC%8Dt-n%C3%A0m" title="Ye̍t-nàm – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ye̍t-nàm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiekanama" title="Wiekanama – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Wiekanama" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9D" title="וייטנאם – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וייטנאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="वियतनाम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वियतनाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijetnam" title="Vijetnam – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vijetnam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyetnam" title="Vyetnam – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vyetnam" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietn%C3%A1m" title="Vietnám – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vietnám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Վիետնամ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիետնամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Ibanees" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piatnak" title="Piatnak – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Piatnak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bietnam" title="Bietnam – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bietnam" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADetnam" title="Víetnam – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Víetnam" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%95%E1%90%8A%E1%91%A6_%E1%93%88%E1%92%BB" title="ᕕᐊᑦ ᓈᒻ – Inoektitoet" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕕᐊᑦ ᓈᒻ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inoektitoet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%88%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A0" title="ベトナム – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベトナム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/vietnam" title="vietnam – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="vietnam" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%A8tnam" title="Viètnam – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Viètnam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ვიეტნამი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიეტნამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyetnam" title="Vyetnam – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Vyetnam" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Виетнам – Kabardiaans" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Виетнам" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%A9y%C9%9Bt%C9%A9naam" title="Fɩyɛtɩnaam – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fɩyɛtɩnaam" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viyetnam" title="Viyetnam – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Viyetnam" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98" title="វៀតណាម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វៀតណាម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ವಿಯೆಟ್ನಾಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಯೆಟ್ನಾಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8" title="베트남 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베트남" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Keuls" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Keuls" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viyetnam" title="Viyetnam – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Viyetnam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamia" title="Vietnamia – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vietnamia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnami" title="Vietnami – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Vietnami" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamas" title="Vietnamas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vietnamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjetnams" title="Vjetnams – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Vjetnams" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjetnama" title="Vjetnama – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vjetnama" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%A8tnam" title="Viètnam – Madurees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Viètnam" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="भियतनाम – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भियतनाम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Виетнам – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Виетнам" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamy" title="Vietnamy – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vietnamy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitin%C4%81mu" title="Whitināmu – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Whitināmu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Виетнам – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Виетнам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="വിയറ്റ്നാം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിയറ്റ്നാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯚꯤꯌꯦꯠꯅꯥꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯚꯤꯌꯦꯠꯅꯥꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="व्हियेतनाम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हियेतनाम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjetnam" title="Vjetnam – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Vjetnam" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bietname" title="Bietname – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bietname" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဗီယက်နမ်နိုင်ငံ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗီယက်နမ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Вьетнам Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Вьетнам Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ویتنام – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویتنام" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="भियतनाम – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भियतनाम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="भियतनाम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भियतनाम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9D%DF%AD%DF%8B%DF%95%DF%8C%DF%A3%DF%8A%DF%A1" title="ߝ߭ߋߕߌߣߊߡ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߝ߭ߋߕߌߣߊߡ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyitename" title="Vyitename – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Vyitename" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1b%C4%85%C4%85h_Bin%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1daa%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Doot%C5%82%CA%BCizh%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tábąąh Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dootłʼizhí Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tábąąh Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dootłʼizhí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamu" title="Vietnamu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vietnamu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veetinaam" title="Veetinaam – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Veetinaam" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE" title="ଭିଏତନାମ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭିଏତନାମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bietnam" title="Bietnam – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Bietnam" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="वियेतनाम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="वियेतनाम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiyetnaam" title="Wiyetnaam – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Wiyetnaam" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wietnam" title="Wietnam – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wietnam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ویتنام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ویتنام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Βιετνάμ – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Βιετνάμ" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ويتنام – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويتنام" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietn%C3%A3" title="Vietnã – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vietnã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witnam" title="Witnam – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Witnam" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Aromanies" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%94%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вєтнам – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вєтнам" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viyetinamu" title="Viyetinamu – Rwandees" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Viyetinamu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Rwandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="चम्पादेशः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चम्पादेशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ويٽنام – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ويٽنام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijetnam" title="Vijetnam – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vijetnam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyitnam" title="Fyitnam – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Fyitnam" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%82%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%BC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဝႅတ်ႉၼမ်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဝႅတ်ႉၼမ်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="වියට්නාමය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වියට්නාමය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viatename" title="Viatename – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Viatename" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiyetnam" title="Fiyetnam – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Fiyetnam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnami" title="Vietnami – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vietnami" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вијетнам – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вијетнам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi-etnam" title="Vi-etnam – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Vi-etnam" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IViyethina" title="IViyethina – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IViyethina" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Suid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Suid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%A9tnam" title="Viétnam – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Viétnam" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjetnam" title="Wjetnam – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wjetnam" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வியட்நாம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வியட்நாம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82" title="వియత్నాం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వియత్నాం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietname" title="Vietname – Tetoem" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Vietname" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetoem" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вйетнам – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вйетнам" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="ประเทศเวียดนาม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเวียดนาม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BDetnam" title="Wýetnam – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Wýetnam" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyetnam" title="Biyetnam – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Biyetnam" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjetnam" title="Vjetnam – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Vjetnam" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietin%C4%81mi" title="Vietināmi – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Vietināmi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietu_Namu" title="Vietu Namu – Tahities" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Vietu Namu" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahities" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Вьетнам – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Вьетнам" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D9%8A%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ۋيېتنام – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋيېتنام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%27%D1%94%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="В'єтнам – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="В'єтнам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ویت نام – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویت نام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyetnam" title="Vyetnam – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vyetnam" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="Viëtnam – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Viëtnam" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vjetnam" title="Vjetnam – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vjetnam" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam" title="Việt Nam – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Việt Nam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam%C3%A4n" title="Vietnamän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vietnamän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiyetnaam" title="Wiyetnaam – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wiyetnaam" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="越南" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ვიეტნამი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვიეტნამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9D" title="וויעטנאם – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וויעטנאם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%E1%BA%B9tn%C3%A1m" title="Fiẹtnám – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fiẹtnám" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiednamz" title="Yiednamz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yiednamz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Vietnam" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="越南" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="越南" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oa%CC%8Dt-l%C3%A2m" title="Oa̍t-lâm – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oa̍t-lâm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="越南" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IViyetnami" title="IViyetnami – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IViyetnami" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q881#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Vi%C3%ABtnam" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnam"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnam"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Vi%C3%ABtnam" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&oldid=2708108" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Vi%C3%ABtnam&id=2708108&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVi%25C3%25ABtnam"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVi%25C3%25ABtnam"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Vi%C3%ABtnam"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q881" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox bordered" cellpadding="4" style="width: 250px; font-size: 88%;"> <caption style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 120%;">Sosialistiese Republiek Viëtnam<br /><small><i>Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam</i> (<a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnamees" title="Viëtnamees">Viëtnamees</a>)</small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 95%;"><span style="border: 1px solid #bbbbbb; display: table-cell;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Viëtnam"><img alt="Vlag van Viëtnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/125px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/188px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/250px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Embleem van Viëtnam"><img alt="Embleem van Viëtnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="529" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%;"> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="Vlag van Viëtnam">Vlag</a> </td> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Embleem_van_Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Embleem van Viëtnam (bladsy bestaan nie)">Embleem</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_nasionale_leuses" title="Lys van nasionale leuses">Nasionale leuse</a>: <i>Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc</i><br /><small><i>(Viëtnamees vir: "Onafhanklikheid – Vryheid – Geluk")</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Volkslied" title="Volkslied">Volkslied</a>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ti%E1%BA%BFn_Qu%C3%A2n_Ca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiến Quân Ca (bladsy bestaan nie)">Tiến Quân Ca</a></i><br /><small><i>(Viëtnamees vir: "Weermagmars")</i></small><br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="72" data-mwtitle="National_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/National_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/National_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg/National_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=tyv&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tyv" label="тыва дыл ‪(tyv)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=wo&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="wo" label="Wolof ‪(wo)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Vietnam.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Location_Vietnam_ASEAN.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ligging van Viëtnam"><img alt="Ligging van Viëtnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Location_Vietnam_ASEAN.svg/250px-Location_Vietnam_ASEAN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Location_Vietnam_ASEAN.svg/375px-Location_Vietnam_ASEAN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Location_Vietnam_ASEAN.svg/500px-Location_Vietnam_ASEAN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstad</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> <p><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vi%C3%ABtnam&language=af&params=21_2_N_105_51_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">21°2′N</span> <span class="longitude">105°51′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">21.033°N 105.850°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.033; 105.850</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Grootste stad</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-stad" title="Ho Chi Minh-stad">Ho Chi Minh-stad</a> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2670708"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Vi%C3%ABtnam&language=af&params=10_48_N_106_39_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">10°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">106°39′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">10.800°N 106.650°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">10.800; 106.650</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">Amptelike tale</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnamees" title="Viëtnamees">Viëtnamees</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_regeringstipe" title="Lys van lande volgens regeringstipe">Regering</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;"><br />• Sekretaris-generaal<br />• <a href="/wiki/President" title="President">President</a><br />• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjunkpresident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adjunkpresident (bladsy bestaan nie)">Adjunkpresident</a><br />• <a href="/wiki/Eerste_minister" title="Eerste minister">Eerste minister</a></div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">Unitêre Marxisties-Leninistiese<br />enkelparty sosialistiese <a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">republiek</a><br /><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lương Cường (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lương Cường</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%B5_Th%E1%BB%8B_%C3%81nh_Xu%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (bladsy bestaan nie)">Võ Thị Ánh Xuân</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Minh_Ch%C3%ADnh" title="Phạm Minh Chính">Phạm Minh Chính</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_onafhanklikheidsdatum" title="Lys van lande volgens onafhanklikheidsdatum">Onafhanklikheid</a></b> <div style="text-align: left;">• <a href="/wiki/Noord-Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="Noord-Viëtnam">Noord-Viëtnam</a><br />• Geneefse ooreenkoms<br />• Verowering van Saigon<br />• Hereniging<br />• Huidige grondwet<br /></div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">van <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2_September" title="2 September">2 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a><br /><a href="/wiki/21_Julie" title="21 Julie">21 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a><br /><a href="/wiki/30_April" title="30 April">30 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a><br /><a href="/wiki/2_Julie" title="2 Julie">2 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/1_Januarie" title="1 Januarie">1 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a></b><br /> - Totaal<br /> <br /> - Water (%) </td> <td> <br /> 331 210<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup>  (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_oppervlak" title="Lys van lande volgens oppervlak">67<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />127 881 myl<sup>2</sup><br />6,4<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">Bevolking</a></b><br /> - 2024-skatting<br /> - 2019-sensus<br /> - <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Digtheid</a> </td> <td> <br />105 758 975<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">16<sup>de</sup></a>)<br />96 208 984<br />319 / km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolkingsdigtheid">49<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />827 / myl<sup>2</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">BBP</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Koopkragpariteit" title="Koopkragpariteit">KKP</a>)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$1 559 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)">26<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />$15 470<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit) per capita">(106<sup>de</sup>)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">BBP</a></b> (nominaal)<br /> - Totaal<br /> - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting<br /> <p>$465,814 miljard<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">35<sup>ste</sup></a>)<br />$4 623<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)_per_capita" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal) per capita">(119<sup>de</sup>)</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Menslike_ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Menslike ontwikkelingsindeks">MOI</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>) </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> 0,726<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_Menslike_Ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens Menslike Ontwikkelingsindeks">107<sup>de</sup></a>)  –  <span style="color:#090">hoog</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><b><a href="/wiki/Gini-ko%C3%ABffisi%C3%ABnt" title="Gini-koëffisiënt">Gini</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>) </td> <td>36,1<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> –  <span style="color:#fc0">medium</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Geld" title="Geld">Geldeenheid</a></b> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnamese_dong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viëtnamese dong (bladsy bestaan nie)">đồng</a> (₫)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">VND</a></code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tydsone" title="Tydsone">Tydsone</a></b><br /> - <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td>Indo-China-tyd (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B07:00" title="UTC+07:00">+7</a>)<br />nie toegepas nie (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B07:00" title="UTC+07:00">+7</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Internettopvlakdomeine" title="Lys van Internettopvlakdomeine">Internet-TLD</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/.vn" title=".vn">.vn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_landskakelkodes" title="Lys van landskakelkodes">Skakelkode</a></b> </td> <td>+84 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Viëtnam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnamees" title="Viëtnamees">Viëtnamees</a>: <i>Việt Nam</i>, [viət˨ næm˧], <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Vietnam.ogg" class="internal" title="Vietnam.ogg">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vietnam.ogg" title="Lêer:Vietnam.ogg">inligting</a>)</small></span></span>, letterlik: "Viët van die suide"), amptelik die <b>Sosialistiese Republiek Viëtnam</b> (<i>Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam</i>, <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/C%C3%B4ng_ho%C3%A0_xa_hoi_chu_nghia_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam.oga" class="internal" title="Công hoà xa hoi chu nghia Viêt Nam.oga">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:C%C3%B4ng_ho%C3%A0_xa_hoi_chu_nghia_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam.oga" title="Lêer:Công hoà xa hoi chu nghia Viêt Nam.oga">inligting</a>)</small></span></span>), is 'n <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialistiese</a> <a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">republiek</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suidoos-Asi%C3%AB" title="Suidoos-Asië">Suidoos-Asië</a>. Dit beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 331 210 km² en het 'n bevolking van 105 758 975 in 2024 gehad. Die <a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">hoofstad</a> is sedert die hereniging van Noord- en <a href="/wiki/Suid-Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="Suid-Viëtnam">Suid-Viëtnam</a> in 1976 <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> en die grootste stad is <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh-stad" title="Ho Chi Minh-stad">Ho Chi Minh-stad</a> (voorheen Saigon). Van die ander nedersettings sluit in <a href="/wiki/Can_Tho" title="Can Tho">Can Tho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dong_Hoi" title="Dong Hoi">Dong Hoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hai_Phong" title="Hai Phong">Hai Phong</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Thuy" title="My Thuy">My Thuy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nha_Trang" title="Nha Trang">Nha Trang</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vung_Tau" title="Vung Tau">Vung Tau</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vietnam_BMNG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Vietnam_BMNG.png/220px-Vietnam_BMNG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="455" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Vietnam_BMNG.png/330px-Vietnam_BMNG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Vietnam_BMNG.png/440px-Vietnam_BMNG.png 2x" data-file-width="1375" data-file-height="2841" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa">Nasa</a>-Satellietbeeld van Viëtnam</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vm-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Vm-map.png/220px-Vm-map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="480" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Vm-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Viëtnam</figcaption></figure> <p>Viëtnam is die mees oostelike land van <a href="/wiki/Indo-China" title="Indo-China">Indo-China</a>. Dit is oos van <a href="/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja">Kambodja</a> en <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, suid van die <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a> en op weskus van die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Chinese_See" title="Suid-Chinese See">Suid-Chinese See</a> geleë. Daarbenewens deel Viëtnam in die Suid-Chinese See maritieme grense met <a href="/wiki/Filippyne" title="Filippyne">Filippyne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië">Maleisië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a> in die ooste en suide, asook <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Thailand" title="Golf van Thailand">Golf van Thailand</a> in die weste. Viëtnam word geografies deur twee riviere gekenmerk: Die <a href="/wiki/Rooirivier_(Asi%C3%AB)" title="Rooirivier (Asië)">Rooirivier</a> in die noorde wat in die <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Tonkin" title="Golf van Tonkin">Golf van Tonkin</a> uitmond en die die <a href="/wiki/Mekong" title="Mekong">Mekongrivier</a> in die suide wat in die Suid-Chinese See vloei. In die sentrale dele oorheers 'n hoogland die landskap. <a href="/wiki/Phu_Quoc" title="Phu Quoc">Phu Quoc</a> is die grootste eiland en is in die Golf van Thailand in die suidweste van Viëtnam geleë. </p><p>Die noordelike deel van Viëtnam was vir meer as een millennium deel van die <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Keiserryk" title="Chinese Keiserryk">Chinese Keiserryk</a>, vanaf 111 v.C. tot 939 n.C. 'n Onafhanklike Viëtnamese staat is ná die Viëtnamese oorwinning in die Slag van Bạch Đằng-rivier in 939 gestig. Verskeie opeenvolgende keiserlike dinasties het in Viëtnam floreer, toe die land geografies en polities binne-in Suidoos-Asië uitgebrei het, totdat die Indo-China-skiereiland in die middel van die 19de eeu deur <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> gekoloniseer is. Ná 'n <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japannese</a> besetting in die 1940's het die Viëtnamese teen die Franse heerskap in die Eerste Indo-China-oorlog geveg. Op 2 September 1945 het president <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh" title="Hồ Chí Minh">Hồ Chí Minh</a> Viëtnam se onafhanklikheid onder die nuwe naam Demokratiese Republiek Viëtnam van Frankryk verklaar. In 1954 het die Viëtnamese die Franse in die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Dien_Bien_Phu" title="Slag van Dien Bien Phu">Slag van Dien Bien Phu</a> tussen Maart en Mei 1954 oorwin. Vervolgens is Viëtnam polities in twee mededingende state verdeel, Noord-Viëtnam (amptelik die Demokratiese Republiek Viëtnam, hoofstad Hanoi) en Suid-Viëtnam (amptelik die Republiek Viëtnam, hoofstad Saigon). Die konflik tussen die twee Viëtnamese state het vererger en tot die <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnamoorlog" title="Viëtnamoorlog">Viëtnamoorlog</a> met swaar gewapende inmenging van die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a> aan die Suid-Viëtnamese kant tussen 1965 en 1973 gelei. Die oorlog het met die Noord-Viëtnamese oorwinning in 1975 geëindig. Vervolgens is Viëtnam onder 'n <a href="/wiki/Kommunisme" title="Kommunisme">kommunistiese</a> regering verenig, maar het arm en polities geïsoleer gebly. In 1986 het die Kommunistiese Party van Viëtnam (CPV) 'n reeks ekonomiese en politieke hervormings geloods wat tot Viëtnam se integrasie in die wêreldekonomie gelei het. Viëtnam sou na verwagting in 2020 'n <a href="/wiki/Ontwikkelde_land" title="Ontwikkelde land">ontwikkelde land</a> gewees het.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Teen 2010 het Viëtnam diplomatieke betrekkinge met 178 lande aangeknoop. Sedert 2000 is Viëtnam se ekonomiese groeikoers onder die hoogste wêreldwyd en in 2011 het dit die hoogste Global Growth Generators Index onder elf vername ekonomieë gehad. Die suksesvolle ekonomiese hervormings het in 2007 tot Viëtnam se toetreding tot die <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldhandelsorganisasie" title="Wêreldhandelsorganisasie">Wêreldhandelsorganisasie</a> (WTO) gelei. Viëtnam is 'n lidland van die <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a>, <a href="/wiki/APEC" title="APEC">APEC</a> en die Francophonie (OIF). <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Airlines" title="Vietnam Airlines">Vietnam Airlines</a> is die nasionale vlagdraer<a href="/wiki/Lugredery" title="Lugredery">lugredery</a> met sy spilpunt op <a href="/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhat_Internasionale_Lughawe" title="Tan Son Nhat Internasionale Lughawe">Tan Son Nhat Internasionale Lughawe</a> naby Ho Chi Minh-stad. Daarbenewens beskik Viëtnam oor twee lae-koste lugrederye: <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_Airways" title="Bamboo Airways">Bamboo Airways</a> en <a href="/wiki/VietJet_Air" title="VietJet Air">VietJet Air</a>. In onlangse jare het Viëtnam veral onder internasionale toeriste gewild geraak met <a href="/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco">Unesco</a>-<a href="/wiki/W%C3%AArelderfenisgebied" title="Wêrelderfenisgebied">wêrelderfenisgebiede</a> soos die <a href="/wiki/Phong_Nha-Ke_Bang_Nasionale_Park" title="Phong Nha-Ke Bang Nasionale Park">Phong Nha-Ke Bang Nasionale Park</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Sitadel_van_die_Ho-dinastie" title="Sitadel van die Ho-dinastie">Sitadel van die Ho-dinastie</a>. </p><p>Viëtnam se <a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">amptelike taal</a> is <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnamees" title="Viëtnamees">Viëtnamees</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnamese" title="Viëtnamese">Viëtnamese</a> vorm die titulêre nasie van die land. Daarbenewens word ander tale soos <a href="/wiki/Hakka" title="Hakka">Hakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kantonees" title="Kantonees">Kantonees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khmer" title="Khmer">Khmer</a> en <a href="/wiki/Lao_(taal)" title="Lao (taal)">Lao</a> deur minderhede soos <a href="/wiki/Khmer_(volk)" title="Khmer (volk)">Khmer</a> en <a href="/wiki/Thai_(volk)" title="Thai (volk)">Thai</a> gebesig. Die land is ook bekend vir sy Viëtnamese kookkuns met geregte soos <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%9F" title="Phở">Phở</a>, 'n tradisionele <a href="/wiki/Noedel" title="Noedel">noedelsoep</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:DrumFromSongDaVietnamDongSonIICultureMid1stMilleniumBCEBronze.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/DrumFromSongDaVietnamDongSonIICultureMid1stMilleniumBCEBronze.jpg/220px-DrumFromSongDaVietnamDongSonIICultureMid1stMilleniumBCEBronze.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/DrumFromSongDaVietnamDongSonIICultureMid1stMilleniumBCEBronze.jpg/330px-DrumFromSongDaVietnamDongSonIICultureMid1stMilleniumBCEBronze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/DrumFromSongDaVietnamDongSonIICultureMid1stMilleniumBCEBronze.jpg/440px-DrumFromSongDaVietnamDongSonIICultureMid1stMilleniumBCEBronze.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>'n Đông Sơn bronsdrom, ca. 800 v.C.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Territorial_expansion_of_Vietnam_from_L%C3%BD_dynasty_to_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty_(1009%E2%80%931834).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Territorial_expansion_of_Vietnam_from_L%C3%BD_dynasty_to_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty_%281009%E2%80%931834%29.gif/220px-Territorial_expansion_of_Vietnam_from_L%C3%BD_dynasty_to_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty_%281009%E2%80%931834%29.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Territorial_expansion_of_Vietnam_from_L%C3%BD_dynasty_to_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty_%281009%E2%80%931834%29.gif/330px-Territorial_expansion_of_Vietnam_from_L%C3%BD_dynasty_to_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty_%281009%E2%80%931834%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Territorial_expansion_of_Vietnam_from_L%C3%BD_dynasty_to_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty_%281009%E2%80%931834%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>Territoriale uitbreiding van Viëtnam, 1009–1834</figcaption></figure> <p>Reeds in die 3de eeu v.C. het die Viëtnamese die delta van die <a href="/wiki/Rooirivier_(Asi%C3%AB)" title="Rooirivier (Asië)">Rooirivier</a> (<i>Tonkin</i>) bewoon. Die toenemende druk van die Chinese het uiteindelik daartoe gelei dat Tonkin in 111 v.C. by China ingelyf is. </p><p>Ondanks enkele opstande, soos die van die Trungsusters in omstreeks 40 n.C. het Tonkin tot in 938 'n Chinese provinsie gebly. Die Viëtnamese maatskappy en kultuur is met soveel sinisme deur die Chinese oorheersers bejeën dat dit nou nog die onuitwisbare tekens daarvan dra. </p><p>Nadat die Chinese <a href="/wiki/Tang-dinastie" title="Tang-dinastie">Tang-dinastie</a> in 907 tot 'n val gekom het, het die Viëtnamese uiteindelik in 938 die onafhanklike staat Nam Viet tot stand gebring. Die staat het met verloop van tyd ten koste van die Tsjams steeds verder na die suide uitgebrei. Laasgenoemde se <a href="/wiki/Hindoe%C3%AFsme" title="Hindoeïsme">Hindoe</a>-<a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme">Boeddhistiese</a> koninkryk, Tsjampa, het in die eerste eeue n.C. deur middel van vreedsame Indiese kulturele uitbreiding in die omgewing suid van Hué tot stand gekom. </p><p>Vanweë die voortdurende konflikte met die Viëtnamese moes die hoofstad steeds verder suid verskuif word. Tsjampa is bowendien uit die weste deur die <a href="/wiki/Khmer-ryk" title="Khmer-ryk">Khmer-ryk</a> bedreig. Kort nadat <a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a>, die hoofstad van die Khmer, deur die Thai van Ayutthaya verwoes is, is daar ook aan die verindiese Tsjampa 'n einde gemaak. In die 17de eeu is Tsjampa uiteindelik heeltemal deur die Viëtnamese ingelyf. </p><p>Ondanks die konflikte tussen die familie Trinh, wat die gesag in die noorde in hulle hande gehad het, en die geslag Nguyen, wat hulle mag, onder meer met die steun van die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Oos-Indiese_Kompanjie" title="Verenigde Oos-Indiese Kompanjie">VOC</a>, geleidelik oor die hele suide, en sedert die 18e eeu ook oor die huidige Kambodja uitgebrei het, het die Viëtnamese kultuur tydens die Le-dinastie (1418–1786) 'n groot bloeityd beleef. </p><p>Na 'n kort rebelle van die Tay-Son-broers het Nguyen-Anh in 1802 daarin geslaag om die hele Viëtnam met die steun van enkele Franse raadgewers te herenig. Hy het tot 1819 as keiser Gia-Long geregeer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Franse_kolonisasie">Franse kolonisasie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Franse kolonisasie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Franse kolonisasie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Indochine_fran%C3%A7aise_(1913).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Indochine_fran%C3%A7aise_%281913%29.jpg/220px-Indochine_fran%C3%A7aise_%281913%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Indochine_fran%C3%A7aise_%281913%29.jpg/330px-Indochine_fran%C3%A7aise_%281913%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Indochine_fran%C3%A7aise_%281913%29.jpg/440px-Indochine_fran%C3%A7aise_%281913%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="827" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Frans-Indo-China in 1913</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Exposition_Hano%C3%AF_1902_-_Grand_Palais.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Exposition_Hano%C3%AF_1902_-_Grand_Palais.jpg/220px-Exposition_Hano%C3%AF_1902_-_Grand_Palais.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Exposition_Hano%C3%AF_1902_-_Grand_Palais.jpg/330px-Exposition_Hano%C3%AF_1902_-_Grand_Palais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Exposition_Hano%C3%AF_1902_-_Grand_Palais.jpg/440px-Exposition_Hano%C3%AF_1902_-_Grand_Palais.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1625" data-file-height="1027" /></a><figcaption>Die Grand Palais is vir die wêreldbeurs van 1902–1903 opgerig toe Hanoi die hoofstad van Frans-Indo-China geword het</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg/220px-Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg/330px-Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg/440px-Hano%C3%AF_-_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_rue_Paul_Bert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1615" data-file-height="1030" /></a><figcaption>Hanoi-operahuis, geneem in die vroeë 20ste eeu van die Paul Bert-straat (nou Trang Tien-straat)</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Franse het hulle reeds gou ernstig op kolonisering toegespits. In 1859 het hulle die hawe van <a href="/wiki/Saigon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saigon">Saigon</a> beset en in 1862 Cochin-China. In 1885 was die hele Viëtnam beset. Frankryk het sy verowerde gebiede in Vietnam, Laos en Kambodja as een kolonie bestuur en het in 1887 die Indo-Chinese Unie tot stand gebring. Vir Frankryk was Viëtnam veral ekonomies van belang: die land het grondstowwe (<a href="/wiki/Rubber" title="Rubber">rubber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delfstowwe" title="Delfstowwe">delfstowwe</a>) en rys gelewer, dit was 'n afsetgebied vir die Franse nywerheid en het toegang tot China verskaf. </p><p>Deur onder meer belastings en dwangarbeid in te stel, het die Franse daarin geslaag om van goedkoop Viëtnamese arbeid gebruik te maak. Hoewel die Viëtnamese hulle vroeg reeds teen die Franse uitbreiding verset het, het die ekonomiese wêreldkrisis tussen die twee wêreldoorloë, wat ook na Viëtnam deurgewerk het, in groot mate gelei tot die opkoms van 'n sterk Viëtnamese nasionalisme. </p><p>Tydens die boereopstande is grootgrondbesit afgeskaf en die grond herverdeel. In 1927 is die Viëtnamese Nasionalistiese Party gestig en in 1930 die Indo-Chinese Kommunistiese Party. Hoewel die Franse hardhandig teen die versetgroepe opgetree het, is die verset nie gesmoor nie. Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> het die koloniale bestuur hom by die pro-Duitse Vichy-regering in <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> geskaar en sodoende 'n bondgenoot van <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> geword en op die manier sterk politieke, ekonomiese en <a href="/wiki/Milit%C3%AAr" title="Militêr">militêre</a> mag verkry. </p><p>Die Viëtnamese versetgroepe, wat sterk teen die samewerking met Japan gekant was, het hulle kragte in 1941 in die Liga vir die Onafhanklikheid van Viëtnam (<i>Việt Nam độc lập đồng minh</i>, afgekort Việt Minh) saamgesnoer. Die Việt Minh het in die loop van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog daarin geslaag om groot dele van die platteland te bevry, en toe die <a href="/wiki/Japanners" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanners">Japanners</a> oorgee, was hulle die enigste mag wat die militêre en bestuursvakuum kon vul. Die regering wat Japan onder keiser Bao Dai tot stand gebring het, is verslaan en op 2 September 1945 het Ho Tsji-minh, een van die stigterslede van die Indo-Chinese Kommunistiese Party, die Demokratiese Republiek Viëtnam (DAV) uitgeroep. </p><p>Op die konferensie van <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a> in 1945 is daar besluit dat die gebiede wat Japan in Indo-China beset het, onder Chinese en Britse beheer verdeel sou word. Die 16de breedtegraad sou die skeidslyn wees. In die Chinese sone kon die Demokratiese Republiek sy gesag handhaaf, en die sone is Noord-Viëtnam genoem. In die Britte se sone is die terugkeer van die Franse bevorder. Dit het met wapengeweld gepaard gegaan en het eers gedurende 1946 geslaag, waarna die Việt Minh hom teruggetrek en op guerrillaoptrede toegelê het. </p><p>Die DAV het intussen algemene verkiesings gereël, wat deur die Việt Minh gewen is. <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> het nie die bestaansreg van die DAV ontken nie en het beloof dat 'n referendum oor die posisie van die besette suide gehou sou word. Ná die vertrek van die Chinese het die Franse egter militêre posisies in die noorde ingeneem. Onderhandelinge met <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh" title="Hồ Chí Minh">Hồ Chí Minh</a> het daartoe gelei dat die Franse Cochin-China as 'n selfstandige vrystaat binne die Indo-Chinese Federasie en die <a href="/wiki/Franse_Unie" title="Franse Unie">Franse Unie</a> erken het. </p><p>Die aandrang van die Việt Minh (wat ook baie steun in die suide geniet het) om Viëtnam (noord en suid) as 'n eenheid te erken, het egter op dowe ore geval. Die spanning het om verskeie redes toegeneem en uiteindelik gelei tot 'n terreurbombardering op <a href="/wiki/Hai_Phong" title="Hai Phong">Hai Phong</a> (November 1946) waarin tussen 10 000 en 20 000 mense dood is en waardeur die oorlog tot in die noorde uitgebrei het. Ná 'n hewige stryd moes die Việt Minh hom uit die grootste stede na die ou basisse op die platteland terugtrek. Frankryk kon egter nie daarin slaag om 'n gesaghebbende regering as alternatief teen die Việt Minh te vorm nie. </p><p>Eers in Desember 1949 het Frankryk, deels vanweë druk deur die VSA, die soewereiniteit amptelik oorgedra aan die Staat Viëtnam, met die vroeëre keiser Bao Dai, die laaste lid van die Nguyen-dinastie, as staatshoof. Die DAV is in 1950 deur die <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a> en ander sosialistiese lande erken. Die VSA en ander Westerse lande het die Staat Viëtnam erken. Frankryk het in werklikheid steeds hier geheers en het al hoe meer steun van die VSA gekry omdat die land die antikoloniale stryd as deel van die uitbreidende "wêreldkommunisme" beskou het. </p><p>Die Việt Minh het intussen soveel as moontlik van die bevolking teen die buitelandse oorheersing gemobiliseer ten einde sy militêre en politieke posisie te verstewig. In 1950 kon daar van guerrillaoptredes oorgegaan word tot 'n konvensionele bewegingsoorlog. Die Franse militêre toestand het verswak en ná die inisiatief van Hồ Chí Minh het Frankryk aangedui dat hy bereid was tot onderhandelinge, waarop 'n konferensie in 1954 in <a href="/wiki/Gen%C3%A8ve" title="Genève">Genève</a> belê is. Met die verowering van die vesting Dien Bien Phu op 7 Mei 1954 het dit duidelik geword dat die Franse 'n nederlaag gely het. </p><p>Frankryk het op die konferensie ’n realistiese standpunt ingeneem, maar die dreigende houding van die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">VSA</a> het uiteindelik tot Viëtnamese toegewings gelei. Belangrike sake waaroor daar ooreengekom is, was: Die DAV het ingestem tot die totstandkoming van twee militêre sones, met die 17de breedtegraad as skeidslyn (dit sou dus geen politieke grens wees nie). Noord-Viëtnam het 'n derde van die gebied wat hy beheers het, militêr ontruim in ruil vir die gebied Hanoi-Haiphong. </p><p>Die militêre verdeling sou tydelik wees: ná twee jaar moes daar in die hele land algemene verkiesings gehou word. Die partye, dit wil sê die DRV en die Staat Viëtnam, sou hulle militêre gebiede intussen afsonderlik bestuur. Die Geneefse ooreenkoms is deur Frankryk, die DRV, Laos, Kambodja, die Sowjetunie, die Volksrepubliek China en die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> onderteken. Die VSA het net "kennis geneem" daarvan en dit nie onderteken nie. Die betrokke partye het verklaar dat hulle nie dreigemente of geweld sou gebruik ten einde die bereiking van die ooreenkoms te dwarsboom nie. In die Eerste Indo-Chinese Oorlog (1946–1954) het 94 000 Franse soldate gesterf, terwyl tussen 500 000 en 750 000 Viëtnamese soldate en burgerlikes volgens skatting omgekom het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toenemende_Amerikaanse_invloed">Toenemende Amerikaanse invloed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Toenemende Amerikaanse invloed" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Toenemende Amerikaanse invloed"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:First_Indochina_War_map_1954_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/First_Indochina_War_map_1954_en.svg/220px-First_Indochina_War_map_1954_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/First_Indochina_War_map_1954_en.svg/330px-First_Indochina_War_map_1954_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/First_Indochina_War_map_1954_en.svg/440px-First_Indochina_War_map_1954_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>Situasie in die Eerste Indo-China-oorlog aan die einde van 1954: <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#EEA270;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Gebiede onder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%E1%BB%87t_Minh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Việt Minh (bladsy bestaan nie)">Việt Minh</a>-beher</p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#D3B2DB;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Gebiede onder Franse beheer</p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#00000;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Việt Minh guerrilla-kampe/gevegte</p> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:French_Indochina_post_partition.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/French_Indochina_post_partition.png/220px-French_Indochina_post_partition.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/French_Indochina_post_partition.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption>Verdeling van Frans-Indo-China ná die Geneefse Konferensie in 1954</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Weste" title="Weste">Weste</a> het op die veranderde toestande gereageer deur die Suidoos-Asiatiese Verdragsorganisasie (SOAVO) tot stand te bring. Die organisasie het die onafhanklikheid van Laos, Kambodja en die Staat Viëtnam gewaarborg met die doel om kommunisme uit die gebied te weer. Die Franse invloed in Suid-Viëtnam is intussen geleidelik deur die van die Amerikaners vervang en die staatshoof Bao Dai deur sy verbete anti-Franse en nasionalistiese premier Ngo Dinh Diem (1901–1963), lid van 'n vername Viëtnamese familie en eksponent van die invloedryke <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katolieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katolieke Kerk">Rooms-Katolieke</a> elite. </p><p>Die vervanging moes in 1955 deur ’n verkiesing bevestig word: Diem het net in Saigon alleen meer stemme getrek as wat daar kiesers was. In die plek van die Staat Viëtnam is die Republiek Viëtnam, meestal Suid-Viëtnam genoem, uitgeroep. Hoewel talle groepe hulle teen Diem verset het, het hy met Amerikaanse steun daarin geslaag om sy posisie te handhaaf. Die DRV het daarop aangedring dat daar voorbereidings getref moes word vir die algemene verkiesings waaroor daar in die Geneefse ooreenkoms besluit is. </p><p>Diem het geweier omdat die ooreenkoms "sonder die goedkeuring van die Viëtnamese volk tot stand gekom het". Diem se onderdrukking van alle politieke teenstand, ook nie-kommunistiese teenstand, het daartoe gelei dat politieke en sosiale onrus in die suide toegeneem het. Die landhervormings wat deur die Việt Minh ingestel is, is ongedaan gemaak, terwyl dorpsleiers en ander mense in strategiese posisies deur (meestal Katolieke) aanhangers van Diem vervang is. </p><p>Diem het ook nie toegegee aan die druk van veral <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a> en China om die verkiesings, soos daar ooreengekom is, te hou nie, aangesien Hồ Chí Minh se aanhangers moontlik die verkiesing maklik kon wen. Alle verbinding met die noorde is ook verbreek. Die verset teen Diem, wat aanvanklik fragmentaries en nie baie gewelddadig was nie, het ná 1957 hewiger geword. Die aanval in 1959 op die dorp Tay Ninh was die begin van optredes deur guerrillas wat aanvanklik sterk deur die VSA en Diem onderskat is. </p><p>Die verskillende versetgroepe het in 1960 die Nasionale Bevrydingsfront vir Suid-Viëtnam, bekend as die FNL (<a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Frans</a>: <i>Front National de Libération de Sud-Vietnam</i>) tot stand gebring. Teenstanders het die organisasie die <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtkong" title="Viëtkong">Viëtkong</a>, dit wil sê Viëtnamese Kommuniste, genoem. Hoewel die Kommuniste nie in die meerderheid was nie, het hulle dikwels organisatories en militêr 'n leidende rol in die organisasie gespeel, veral in die vroeëre Việt Minh-gebiede. </p><p>Die DRV het hom in die vyftigerjare nie juis in die verset in die suide ingemeng nie en het al die aandag aan die opbouing van die land gegee. Die FNL is wel erken, maar is eers later militêr en polities gesteun. Việt Minh-stryders, wat uit die suide afkomstig was en ná die hergroepering in 1954 na die noorde gekom het, het toestemming gekry om hulle by die FNL aan te sluit. Boeddhistiese organisasies, wat Diem steeds groter probleme besorg het, het 'n belangrike rol gespeel in die verset in die suidelike stede. </p><p>In November 1963 is daar met die medewerking van die Amerikaanse geheime diens, die <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>, 'n geslaagde staatsgreep uitgevoer, waartydens Diem dood is. Ná 'n kort tyd wat deur talle regeringsveranderinge gekenmerk is, het Nguyen Cao Ky en Nguyen Van Thieu in 1965 as onderskeidelik premier en president aan die bewind gekom. Hulle militêre junta het 'n noodtoestand afgekondig, terwyl die bedrywighede van die neutralisties gesinde strominge die nek ingeslaan is. Later sou Thieu die interne tweestryd met Ky in sy guns besleg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tweede_Indo-Chinese_Oorlog">Tweede Indo-Chinese Oorlog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Tweede Indo-Chinese Oorlog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Tweede Indo-Chinese Oorlog"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vietnam_war_1957_to_1960_map_de.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vietnam_war_1957_to_1960_map_de.svg/220px-Vietnam_war_1957_to_1960_map_de.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vietnam_war_1957_to_1960_map_de.svg/330px-Vietnam_war_1957_to_1960_map_de.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vietnam_war_1957_to_1960_map_de.svg/440px-Vietnam_war_1957_to_1960_map_de.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van opstande en "versteurings" tydens die <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%ABtnamoorlog" title="Viëtnamoorlog">Viëtnamoorlog</a>, 1957 tot 1960</figcaption></figure> <p>Die VSA se betrokkenheid by die oorlogvoering teen die guerrillas het intussen toegeneem. Waar die <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>-regering (1960–1963) net geld en raadgewers gestuur het, het die <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a>-regering (1963–1968) die stryd verskerp en was daar binne vier jaar 550 000 Amerikaanse soldate in die land. Veral ná die Tongking-voorval (1964), toe Noord-Viëtnamese en Amerikaanse skepe in die <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Tonkin" title="Golf van Tonkin">Golf van Tonkin</a> op mekaar geskiet het, het die Amerikaanse soldate en vyandelikhede vinnig toegeneem. </p><p>Later het dit geblyk dat die voorval, wat militêr gesproke nie van enige betekenis was nie, uitgelok is om die Amerikaanse Kongres se toestemming te kry ten einde die aanvalsplanne wat reeds teen Noord-Viëtnam opgestel was, uit te voer. Enkele maande later is daar met stelselmatige bombardemente op die noorde begin. Dit is 3½ jaar lank byna onafgebroke volgehou. Militêre sowel as burgerlike teikens is op groot skaal gebombardeer. Hierop het Noord-Viëtnam gereeld soldate na die suide gestuur, waar die Amerikaanse en Suid-Viëtnamese leër met 71 000 man uit die ander SOAVO-lande aangevul is. </p><p>Alle denkbare middele is aangewend om die guerrillastryders en die bevolking wat hulle gesteun het, uit te roei. Allerlei nuwe soorte wapentuig is ontwerp en in die stryd gebruik. Die talle soorte fragmentasiebomme en die bomme met ’n groot lugdrukverplasing was regstreeks teen die bevolking gerig, terwyl die natuurlike omgewing met gifgasse vergiftig is en die tropiese reënwoud, wat dekking kon bied, met ontblaringsmiddels verniel is. </p><p>Die VSA het die redes vir die oorlog aan Noord-Viëtnamese infiltrasie en aggressie toegeskryf en verklaar dat daar nie sprake van onderhandelings kan wees as die optredes nie gestaak word nie. Die VSA kon egter nie daarin slaag om die bevrydingsfront in die verdediging te dwing nie. Tydens die Tet-offensief, wat met die Viëtnamese Nuwejaar saamgeval het, is die meeste provinsiale hoofstede in Februarie 1968 (tydelik) deur die FNL beset. </p><p>'n Aansienlike deel van die platteland was toe al in die hande van die FNL. Die Tet-offensief het 'n politieke en psigologiese ommekeer teweeggebring: die Amerikaanse openbare mening was onder meer weens die swaar verliese al hoe meer teen die oorlog gekant en president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1969–1974) het die terugtrekking van Amerikaanse landsoldate en die herstel van vrede beloof. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viëtnamisering_van_die_oorlog"><span id="Vi.C3.ABtnamisering_van_die_oorlog"></span>Viëtnamisering van die oorlog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Viëtnamisering van die oorlog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Viëtnamisering van die oorlog"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Agent_Orange_Cropdusting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Agent_Orange_Cropdusting.jpg/220px-Agent_Orange_Cropdusting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Agent_Orange_Cropdusting.jpg/330px-Agent_Orange_Cropdusting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Agent_Orange_Cropdusting.jpg/440px-Agent_Orange_Cropdusting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2292" /></a><figcaption>Drie Amerikaanse Fairchild UC-123B-vliegtuie spuit <i>Agent Orange</i> tydens die Operasie <i>Ranch Hand</i> as deel van die algehele onkruiddodende oorlogvoeringoperasie, <i>Trail Dust</i> genoem, met die doel om die Viëtkong van sy voedsel- en plantegroeibedekking te ontneem, ca. 1962–1971</figcaption></figure> <p>Die oorlog het voortgegaan, maar is geviëtnamiseer, dit wil sê Suid-Viëtnamese en ander Asiatiese troepe moes die grootste deel van die vegwerk doen. Nadat die bombardemente in die noorde gestaak is, het die VSA en Suid-Viëtnam aan die een kant en die FNL en Noord-Vietnam aan die ander kant in 1968 in <a href="/wiki/Parys" title="Parys">Parys</a> met vredesonderhandelinge begin. Op 10 Junie 1969 het die Voorlopige Revolusionêre Regering van Suid-Viëtnam (VVR) tot stand gekom ten einde uitdrukking te gee aan die internasionale erkenning. </p><p>Die regering het alle bestuurstake van die bevrydingsfront oorgeneem. Die onderhandelinge het stadig gevorder, terwyl die oorlog in die suide voortgeduur het. Ondanks die Amerikaners en die Suid-Viëtnamese se invalle in Kambodja (April 1970) en Laos (begin 1971), kon hulle nie daarin slaag om die versetbeweging se verbindingsweë al te sny nie. Die Indo-Chinese aard van die Tweede Indo-Chinese Oorlog (1959–1973) is hierdeur beklemtoon. Die VSA het deur middel van bombardemente toegewings van die noorde probeer afdwing, maar sonder welslae. </p><p>In die lenteoffensief van 1972 het die VRR sy posisie verbeter, veral in die Sentrale Hooglande, maar daar was nog nie 'n deurbraak nie. In die daaropvolgende maande het die besprekings tussen die Amerikaanse afgevaardigde, dr. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, en die Viëtnamese Le Due Tho in Oktober 1972 in Parys met groter welslae verloop, waartydens 'n ontwerp-ooreenkoms tot stand gekom het. Die VSA het baie moeite gedoen om die Thieu-regering tot die ontwerp-ooreenkoms te laat instem, maar het ná 'n maand nuwe eise gestel wat veral 'n skeiding tussen noord en suid moes bestendig. </p><p>Hulle het hul eise deur die sogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Kersfees" title="Kersfees">Kersfeesbombardemente</a> op die noorde probeer afdwing. Dit het tot groot internasionale verontwaardiging gelei. Noord-Viëtnam en die VRR het egter nie toegegee nie en die ooreenkoms, wat uiteindelik op 27 Januarie 1973 onderteken is, die sogenaamde Paryse ooreenkomste van 1973, het nie wesenlik van die ontwerp-ooreenkoms afgewyk nie: die onafhanklikheid, soewereiniteit, eenheid en territoriale onskendbaarheid van Viëtnam is ooreenkomstig die Geneefse ooreenkomste van 1954 eerbiedig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ná_die_Paryse_ooreenkomste"><span id="N.C3.A1_die_Paryse_ooreenkomste"></span>Ná die Paryse ooreenkomste</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Ná die Paryse ooreenkomste" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Ná die Paryse ooreenkomste"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hanoi-taxi-march1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hanoi-taxi-march1973.jpg/220px-Hanoi-taxi-march1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hanoi-taxi-march1973.jpg/330px-Hanoi-taxi-march1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hanoi-taxi-march1973.jpg/440px-Hanoi-taxi-march1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption>Amerikaanse krygsgevangenes verlaat Viëtnam in Maart 1973</figcaption></figure> <p>Die VSA het sy troepe ná die wapenstilstand teruggetrek. Die Viëtnamese troepe het gebly waar hulle was. Die strydmagte mog nie uitgebrei word nie, maar toerusting en manskappe kon wel vervang word. 'n Raad van nasionaleversoening en eendrag is uit die drie politieke strominge saamgestel: die Thieu-regering, die Voorlopige Revolusionêre Regering en die neutraliste (die sogenaamde derde mag). Hierdie raad moes vrye verkiesings oor die toekoms van Viëtnam reël. </p><p>Die vereniging van Noord- en Suid-Viëtnam sou stap vir stap en met vreedsame middele geskied. Die ontwikkelinge in die Viëtnamese oorlog ná die Paryse ooreenkomste kan in breë trekke egter vergelyk word met die ontwikkelinge na die Geneefse ooreenkomste van 1954. Die politieke reëlings waartoe daar ooreengekom is, het 'n oorwinning vir die bevrydingsbeweging waarskynlik gemaak. Die VAR en die derde mag het hulle vir die deurvoering daarvan beywer. </p><p>Die Thieu-regering het egter die voorbereidings geboikot en geweier om politieke vryhede toe te staan. In reaksie hierop het die teen party (VAR en die regering van Noord-Viëtnam) besluit dat hulle hulle dus ook nie aan die ooreenkomste van Parys gebonde hoef te voel nie. In die VRR-gebied is daar begin met die normalisering van die daaglikse lewe. Die VSA, wat sy soldate teruggetrek het, het Thieu met raadgewers en burgerlike personeel bly steun. </p><p>Later in 1973 het Thieu, wat op groot skaal voorrade van die VSA ontvang het, opnuut groot druk op die VRR-gebied uitgeoefen en aanvanklik sekere gebiede verower. Teen die begin van 1974 het die VAR kragdadiger gereageer en het die Thieu-regering weer verliese gely. Die VSA het sy steun nie voortgesit, soos Thieu gehoop het nie. Die Amerikaanse Kongres wou sy kop nie weer in 'n bynes steek nie, en teen die einde van 1974 het die algehele militêre ineenstorting van die Thieu-bewind begin. </p><p>Die regeringstroepe moes hulle steeds verder aan die Sentrale Hoogland onttrek, totdat net die groter stede nog in hulle hande gebly het. Binne twee maande is byna die hele gebied noord van Saigon ontruim, dikwels sonder enige gevegte. Ná 'n laaste militêre kragmeting was nog net die hoofstad Saigon self in die Thieu-regering se hande. Politici en betogers in die hoofstad het groot druk op president Thieu uitgeoefen om af te tree en onderhandelinge moontlik te maak. </p><p>Thieu het na die <a href="/wiki/Republiek_China" title="Republiek China">Republiek China</a> op <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_(eiland)" title="Taiwan (eiland)">Taiwan</a> gevlug, maar sy opvolgers was ook te nou met die ou regime verbonde om vir die VAR aanvaarbaar te wees. Op 30 April 1975 het die toestand onhoudbaar geword, waarna Saigon sonder stryd aan die VAR oorgegee is. Hiermee het die dertigjarige stryd, waarin daar volgens skatting 2,5 miljoen mense dood en 8 miljoen gewond is, tot ’n einde gekom, en het 'n verenigde en onafhanklik Viëtnam op 2 Julie 1976 onder die naam Sosialistiese Republiek Viëtnam tot stand gekom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Koppen-Geiger_Map_VNM_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Koppen-Geiger_Map_VNM_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_VNM_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Koppen-Geiger_Map_VNM_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_VNM_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Koppen-Geiger_Map_VNM_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_VNM_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1145" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Klimaatsones in Viëtnam volgens die <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-klimaatklassifikasie" title="Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie">Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Viëtnam het 'n moesonklimaat. In die <a href="/wiki/Somer" title="Somer">somer</a> (April tot November) voer die suidwesmoeson vogtige en warm lug in, terwyl die noordoosmoeson in die winter droër en koeler lug invoer. Hoewel die gemiddelde temperature hoog is (27°C), kan dit in die <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a> in die noorde taamlik koel wees en wissel die temperatuur daar oor die algemeen meer as in die suide. Die gemiddelde <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABn" title="Reën">reënval</a> is sowat 1 500 mm in die vlaktes en tot 3 750 mm in die hoër liggende gebiede. In die noordelike vlaktes, waar dit koeler is en daar minder verdamping plaasvind, is die reënval voldoende vir tot 2 <a href="/wiki/Rys" title="Rys">rysoeste</a> per jaar. Die Viëtnamese kusgebied word ook gereeld deur tifone geteister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobbers2007" class="citation book cs1">Robbers, Gerhard (30 Januarie 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=M3A-xgf1yM4C&pg=PA1021&redir_esc=y&hl=de"><i>Encyclopedia of world constitutions</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 1021. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8160-6078-8" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8160-6078-8"><bdi>978-0-8160-6078-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+world+constitutions&rft.pages=1021&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007-01-30&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-6078-8&rft.aulast=Robbers&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM3A-xgf1yM4C%26pg%3DPA1021%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Dde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVi%C3%ABtnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/vietnam/">"Vietnam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Oktober</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnam&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fvietnam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVi%C3%ABtnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indexmundi.com/vietnam/geography_profile.html">Vietnam – Geography</a>. Index Mundi. 12 Julie 2011. Besoek op 16 September 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_4-3">4,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=582,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"Vietnam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Monet%C3%AAre_Fonds" title="Internasionale Monetêre Fonds">Internasionale Monetêre Fonds</a>. April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Oktober</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnam&rft.pub=Internasionale+Monet%C3%AAre+Fonds&rft.date=2024-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2024%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D582%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2022%26ey%3D2029%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVi%C3%ABtnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/2024"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Development Programme. 13 Maart 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Oktober</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F2024&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVi%C3%ABtnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=VN">"Gini index – Viet Nam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldbank" title="Wêreldbank">Wêreldbank</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Oktober</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+index+%E2%80%93+Viet+Nam&rft.pub=W%C3%AAreldbank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DVN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVi%C3%ABtnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelsradiate.com/asia/socialist-republic-of-vietnam.html">"Sosialistiese Republiek Viëtnam"</a>. Travelsradiate.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191124031535/http://www.travelsradiate.com/asia/socialist-republic-of-vietnam.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sosialistiese+Republiek+Vi%C3%ABtnam&rft.pub=Travelsradiate.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelsradiate.com%2Fasia%2Fsocialist-republic-of-vietnam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVi%C3%ABtnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-16567315">"Vietnam country profile"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 5 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Oktober</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnam+country+profile&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2023-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-pacific-16567315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVi%C3%ABtnam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Algemeen</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Vietnam">"Vietnam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Oktober</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnam&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FVietnam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVi%C3%ABtnam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/vietnam/">"Vietnam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Oktober</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnam&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fvietnam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVi%C3%ABtnam" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Geskiedenis</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldspektrum" title="Wêreldspektrum">Wêreldspektrum</a></i>, 1982, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0908409699" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-908409-69-9</a>, volume 28, bl. 147–152</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vi%C3%ABtnam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vietnam" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vietnam">Viëtnam</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Vietnam">Viëtnam</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Viëtnamees">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">vi</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietnam.gov.vn/">Amptelike webwerf van die Viëtnamese regering</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Viëtnamees">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">vi</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quochoi.vn/">Amptelike webwerf van die Viëtnamese volksvergadering</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Asië" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Asië"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Lande van Asië"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Asië" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande en gebiede in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">Lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidjan" title="Azerbeidjan">Azerbeidjan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahrein" title="Bahrein">Bahrein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bangladesj" title="Bangladesj">Bangladesj</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhoetan" title="Bhoetan">Bhoetan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Broenei" title="Broenei">Broenei</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a><sup>1</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Filippyne" title="Filippyne">Filippyne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georgi%C3%AB" title="Georgië">Georgië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Jordanië">Jordanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja">Kambodja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan">Kasakstan</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Katar" title="Katar">Katar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirgisi%C3%AB" title="Kirgisië">Kirgisië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Koeweit" title="Koeweit">Koeweit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maledive" title="Maledive">Maledive</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië">Maleisië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mianmar" title="Mianmar">Mianmar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mongoli%C3%AB" title="Mongolië">Mongolië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noord-Korea" title="Noord-Korea">Noord-Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oesbekistan" title="Oesbekistan">Oesbekistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oos-Timor" title="Oos-Timor">Oos-Timor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Singapoer" title="Singapoer">Singapoer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%AB" title="Sirië">Sirië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Korea" title="Suid-Korea">Suid-Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Arabiese_Emirate" title="Verenigde Arabiese Emirate">Verenigde Arabiese Emirate</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viëtnam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">Omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abchasi%C3%AB" title="Abchasië">Abchasië</a><sup>2</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Artsach" title="Republiek Artsach">Artsach</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Turkse_Republiek_van_Noord-Siprus" title="Turkse Republiek van Noord-Siprus">Noord-Siprus</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Staat_Palestina" title="Staat Palestina">Palestina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republiek_China" title="Republiek China">Republiek China (Taiwan)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suid-Osseti%C3%AB" title="Suid-Ossetië">Suid-Ossetië</a><sup>2</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">Afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kerseiland" title="Kerseiland">Kerseiland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kokoseilande" title="Kokoseilande">Kokoseilande</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_en_Dhekeli%C3%AB" title="Akrotiri en Dhekelië">Akrotiri en Dhekelië</a><sup>3</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Britse_Indiese_Oseaangebied" title="Britse Indiese Oseaangebied">Britse Indiese Oseaangebied</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hongkong" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a> • <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lande van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Afrika">Afrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Europa">Europa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>1. Land <a href="/wiki/Transkontinentale_land" title="Transkontinentale land">deels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>. 2. Land deels in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. 3. Geografies in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a>, maar gereeld beskou as deel van <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> a.g.v. kulturele en historiese oorwegings.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q881&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q881&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q881" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450945">XX450945</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118686235">cb118686235</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118686235">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4063514-4">4063514-4</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003430">003430</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000122433868">0000 0001 2243 3868</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KulturNav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KulturNav (bladsy bestaan nie)">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/8135f763-e572-4109-bb94-efd7ff817bdf">8135f763-e572-4109-bb94-efd7ff817bdf</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79032186">n79032186</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/0158e991-c3c6-374a-9b9d-024bbaff6980">0158e991-c3c6-374a-9b9d-024bbaff6980</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035814">10035814</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560635">00560635</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131295&CON_LNG=ENG">ge131295</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35581821">35581821</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000974886&local_base=nlx10">000974886</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A005427536">02-A005427536</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/162420">162420</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02643878X">02643878X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155871049">155871049</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/155871049">155871049</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viëtnam&oldid=2708108">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viëtnam&oldid=2708108</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Vi%C3%ABtnam" title="Kategorie:Viëtnam">Viëtnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Voormalige_Franse_kolonies" title="Kategorie:Voormalige Franse kolonies">Voormalige Franse kolonies</a></li></ul></div><div 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