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col-3_md-4_sm-0_xs-0"> <section class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface clearfix block-scroll" id="block-mpiwg-theme-languageswitcher" role="navigation" data-block-id="" data-sticky-label="Language switcher"> <ul class="links"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" class="en is-active"><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/" class="language-link active is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">en</a></li><li hreflang="de" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" class="de"><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/de" class="language-link" hreflang="de" data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>">de</a></li></ul> </section> </div> </div> </div> </section> <nav id="navbar" role="banner"> <div class="stage"> <div class="navbar-header"> <div class="mobile-language"> <section class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language 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ultimenu--horizontal ultimenu--basic menu nav navbar-nav"><li class="ultimenu__item uitem has-ultimenu"><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/page/institute" class="ultimenu__link" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4392">Institute</a><section class="ultimenu__flyout"><div class="ultimenu__flyout__item"><section id="block-institute" data-block-id="" class="block block-block-content block-block-content8bcdeb47-6e27-4f41-8f25-ae81cf897232 huge-module block-scroll" data-sticky-label="Institute"><div class="content_lists"><header class=""><h3 class="color-grey100 block-title">Institute</h3></header><section class=" "><p>Founded in 1994, the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (MPIWG) in Berlin is one of the more than 80 research institutes administered by the Max Planck Society. It is dedicated to the study of the history of science and aims to understand scientific thinking and practice as historical phenomena.</p></section></div></section><div class="ultimenusub ultimenusub--main-institute form-group"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav"><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/about" class="internal" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1">About the Institute</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/gender-equality" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/14">Gender Equality</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/welcome" class="internal" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/15">Information for Newcomers</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/directions" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4181">Getting Here</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/contact" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/971">Contact Us</a></li></ul></div></div></section></li><li class="ultimenu__item uitem has-ultimenu"><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/page/people-0" class="ultimenu__link" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4393">People</a><section class="ultimenu__flyout"><div class="ultimenu__flyout__item"><section id="block-people" data-block-id="" class="block block-block-content block-block-content31bb1225-8320-4918-b760-37a485c108f9 huge-module block-scroll" data-sticky-label="People"><div class="content_lists"><header class=""><h3 class="color-grey100 block-title">People</h3></header><section class=" "><p>The Max Planck Institute for the History of Science comprises scholars across all Departments and Research Groups, as well as an Administration team, IT Support, Research IT Group, and Research Coordination and Communications team.</p></section></div></section><div class="ultimenusub ultimenusub--main-people form-group"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav"><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people" class="internal" target="" title="MPIWG people sub-menu" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3331">Staff & Scholars</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/artists-in-residence" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1825">Artists in Residence</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/journalists-in-residence" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1826">Journalists in Residence</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/alumni?start=2015-09-01&end=2019-08-31" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-query="{"end":"2019-08-31","start":"2015-09-01"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4029">Alumni (Since 2015)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></li><li class="ultimenu__item uitem has-ultimenu"><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/page/research-0" class="ultimenu__link" target="">Research</a><section class="ultimenu__flyout"><div class="ultimenu__flyout__item"><section id="block-research" data-block-id="" class="block block-block-content block-block-content1d6dea6d-256d-41f8-8027-09595f0fa25c huge-module block-scroll" data-sticky-label="Research"><div class="content_lists"><header class=""><h3 class="color-grey100 block-title">Research</h3></header><section class=" "><p>The Max Planck Institute for the History of Science comprises three departments under the direction of Jürgen Renn (I) and Dagmar Schäfer (III).</p><p> </p><p>In addition are Research Groups, each directed by one Research Group Leader.</p><p> </p><p>The Institute also comprises of a Research IT Group—specialist in digital humanities—doctoral students, and research and teaching cooperations with other institutions worldwide.</p></section></div></section><div class="ultimenusub ultimenusub--main-research form-group"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav"><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/dept-one" class="internal" target="" title="Department I" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4">I: Structural Changes in Systems of Knowledge </a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/dept-three" class="internal" target="" title="Department III" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">III: Artifacts, Action, Knowledge </a></li><li><a href="" class="divider internal" target="" title="Research Groups">RGs</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/research/departments/lise-meitner-research-group" class="internal" target="">RG: China in the Global System of Science </a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/research/projects/historical-epistemology-final-theory-program" class="internal" target="" title="Max Planck Research Group" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4073">RG: The Final Theory Program</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/research/departments/max-planck-research-group-premodern-sciences" class="internal" target="" title="Max Planck Research Group" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5071">RG: Premodern Sciences of Soul & Body</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/computational-history" class="internal" target="" title="Research Group" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3856">RG: Computational History of Science</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/research/projects/forschungsprogramm-geschichte-der-max-planck-gesellschaft" class="internal" target="" title="Max Planck Research Program " data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13">GMPG: History of the Max Planck Society</a></li><li><a href="" class="divider internal" target="">-</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/research-IT" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18">Research IT Group</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/cooperations" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19">Cooperations</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/doctoral-research" class="internal" target="" title="Predoctoral Fellows" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4039">Doctoral Research</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/projects" class="internal" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4105">All Projects</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/archive" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2832">Past Departments & Research Groups</a></li></ul></div></div></section></li><li class="ultimenu__item uitem has-ultimenu"><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/page/publications" class="ultimenu__link" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4405">Publications & Resources</a><section class="ultimenu__flyout"><div class="ultimenu__flyout__item"><section id="block-publicationsandresources" data-block-id="" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentfc16010b-2f26-469f-8d3e-6a0ee47dabc2 huge-module block-scroll" data-sticky-label="Publications & Resources"><div class="content_lists"><header class=""><h3 class="color-grey100 block-title">Publications & Resources</h3></header><section class=" "><p>The Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (MPIWG) engages with the research community and broader public, and is committed to open access.</p><p> </p><p>This section provides access to published research results and electronic sources in the history of science. It is also a platform for sharing ongoing research projects that develop digital tools.</p><p> </p><p>Researchers at the Institute benefit from an internal library service. The Institute’s research is also made accessible to the wider public through edited Feature Stories and the Mediathek’s audio and video content.</p><p> </p></section></div></section><div class="ultimenusub ultimenusub--main-publications--resources form-group"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav"><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/publications" class="internal" target="" title="Books, Articles, and Preprints" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4000">Publications</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/library" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12">Library</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/digital-resources" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3840">Digital Resources & Databases</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/mediathek" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3131">Mediathek</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/research-reports" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/978">Research Reports</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/featurestories" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4006">Feature Stories</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/open-access" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4152">About Open Access </a></li></ul></div></div></section></li><li class="ultimenu__item uitem has-ultimenu"><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/page/news-events" class="ultimenu__link" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4406">News & Events</a><section class="ultimenu__flyout"><div class="ultimenu__flyout__item"><section id="block-newsandevents" data-block-id="" class="block block-block-content block-block-content199bbce7-e5ee-42fe-8de8-d353c09c59a3 huge-module block-scroll" data-sticky-label="News & Events"><div class="content_lists"><header class=""><h3 class="color-grey100 block-title">News & Events</h3></header><section class=" "><p>The Max Planck Institute for the History of Science frequently shares news, including calls for papers and career opportunities. The Media & Press section highlights press releases and the Institute's appearances in national and global media. Public events—including colloquia, seminars, and workshops—are shown on the events overview.</p></section></div></section><div class="ultimenusub ultimenusub--main-news--events form-group"><ul class="menu nav navbar-nav"><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/events" class="internal" target="" title="What's On" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3207">Events</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/news" class="internal" target="" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4023">Institute News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/media-press" class="internal" target="" title="Media Appearances & Press Releases" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/2877">Media & Press</a></li><li><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/career" class="internal" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/3">Career</a></li></ul></div></div></section></li></ul> </section> <div class="button_round--description"> 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value="research_report">Research Report</option><option value="video">Video</option><option value="website">Website</option><option value="scholar_profile">Profile</option></select></div> </div> <div class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 fieldgroup form-composite js-form-item form-item js-form-wrapper form-wrapper fieldset" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field--wrapper"> <h5 class="fieldset-legend pad_bottom-S"> Disciplinary groups </h5> <div id="edit-sm-aggregated-field" class="form-checkboxes"> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1" name="sm_aggregated_field[1]" value="1"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1" class="control-label option">Chemical & Physical Sciences</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-2 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-2"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-2" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-2" name="sm_aggregated_field[2]" value="2"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-2" class="control-label option">Earth & Environmental Sciences</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-4 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-4"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-4" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-4" name="sm_aggregated_field[4]" value="4"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-4" class="control-label option">Human & Social Sciences</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-5 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-5"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-5" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-5" name="sm_aggregated_field[5]" value="5"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-5" class="control-label option">Life Sciences</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-6 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-6"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-6" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-6" name="sm_aggregated_field[6]" value="6"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-6" class="control-label option">Mathematics</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-7 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-7"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-7" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-7" name="sm_aggregated_field[7]" value="7"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-7" class="control-label option">Medicine & Health</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-8 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-8"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-8" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-8" name="sm_aggregated_field[8]" value="8"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-8" class="control-label option">Natural Philosophy</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-9 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-9"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-9" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-9" name="sm_aggregated_field[9]" value="9"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-9" class="control-label option">Technology</label> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 fieldgroup form-composite js-form-item form-item js-form-wrapper form-wrapper fieldset" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1--2--wrapper"> <h5 class="fieldset-legend pad_bottom-S"> Perspectives and Methods </h5> <div id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1--2" class="form-checkboxes"> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-10 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-10"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-10" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-10" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[10]" value="10"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-10" class="control-label option">Anthropocene</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-11 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-11"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-11" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-11" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[11]" value="11"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-11" class="control-label option">Archives & Collecting</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-12 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-12"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-12" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-12" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[12]" value="12"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-12" class="control-label option">Digital Humanities</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-13 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-13"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-13" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-13" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[13]" value="13"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-13" class="control-label option">Gender</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-14 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-14"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-14" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-14" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[14]" value="14"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-14" class="control-label option">Globalization</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-15 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-15"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-15" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-15" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[15]" value="15"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-15" class="control-label option">Imperialism</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-16 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-16"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-16" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-16" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[16]" value="16"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-16" class="control-label option">Language</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-17 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-17"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-17" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-17" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[17]" value="17"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-17" class="control-label option">Material Culture</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-18 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-18"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-18" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-18" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[18]" value="18"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-18" class="control-label option">Media</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-19 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-19"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-19" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-19" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[19]" value="19"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-19" class="control-label option">Observation & Experiment</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-20 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-20"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-20" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-20" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[20]" value="20"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-20" class="control-label option">Philosophy</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-21 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-21"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-21" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-21" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[21]" value="21"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-21" class="control-label option">Politics</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-22 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-22"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-22" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-22" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[22]" value="22"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-22" class="control-label option">Practical Knowledge</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-23 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-23"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-23" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-23" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[23]" value="23"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-23" class="control-label option">Rationality</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-24 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-24"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-24" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-24" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[24]" value="24"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-24" class="control-label option">Religion</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-25 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-25"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-25" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-25" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[25]" value="25"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-25" class="control-label option">Sound</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-26 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-26"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-26" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-26" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[26]" value="26"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-26" class="control-label option">Technology</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-27 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-27"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-27" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-27" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[27]" value="27"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-27" class="control-label option">Text Culture</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-28 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-28"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-28" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-28" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[28]" value="28"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-28" class="control-label option">Transnational</label> </div> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-checkbox js-form-type-checkbox form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-29 js-form-item-sm-aggregated-field-1-29"> <input class="col-5_md-5_xs-10 form-checkbox" data-drupal-selector="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-29" type="checkbox" id="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-29" name="sm_aggregated_field_1[29]" value="29"/> <label for="edit-sm-aggregated-field-1-29" class="control-label option">Visual Culture</label> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-10 text-right form-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions"><input class="bg-dunkelgruen color-neongruen button js-form-submit form-submit" data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-search-and-keywords" type="submit" id="edit-submit-search-and-keywords" value="Apply"/></div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </nav> <content> <div role="main" class="main-container js-quickedit-main-content"> <div class="tabs"> <div class="container"> </div> </div> <section> <a id="main-content"></a> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div><article data-history-node-id="4106" class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-full clearfix node--promoted"> <div> <div class="content-panel-header mar_bottom-XL"> <div class="block-region-header"><div data-block-id="1ee49b39-b37a-42e8-9a7a-aa29c77524d0" class="content-header stage-slider-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="field-slides stack_wrapper bg-grey50 color-white"> <ul id="stack_cinta" class="stack stack--cinta"> <li class="stack__item"> <img src="/web/20200705161314im_/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/sites/default/files/styles/stage_slider/public/2020-06/News_Renewable_energy_park.jpg?itok=OboYKCLT" width="912" height="513" alt="Renewable energy windmills photo" typeof="foaf:Image"/> <h1 class="small">Press</h1> <h4 class="mar_0 pad_bottom-S">Statement</h4> <h3 class="mar_0">Energy Transition 2030: Europe's Path to Climate Neutrality (2020) </h3> <a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/news/energy-transition-2030-europes-path-climate-neutrality" class="pad_top-S stack-ignore">More</a> </li> <li class="stack__item"> <img src="/web/20200705161314im_/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/sites/default/files/styles/stage_slider/public/2020-06/Logo_Gerda%20Henkel%20Stiftung%202020.jpg?itok=7qTL-y7h" width="912" height="513" alt="Logo Gerda Henkel Stiftung" typeof="foaf:Image"/> <h1 class="small">News</h1> <h4 class="mar_0 pad_bottom-S">Award</h4> <h3 class="mar_0">Director Emerita Lorraine Daston Awarded the Gerda Henkel Prize 2020 </h3> <a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/news/director-emerita-lorraine-daston-awarded-gerda-henkel-prize-2020" class="pad_top-S stack-ignore">More</a> </li> <li class="stack__item"> <img src="/web/20200705161314im_/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/sites/default/files/styles/stage_slider/public/2020-04/Dept3_MasksofDesire_Roeder.jpg?itok=Jug3DQ6l" width="912" height="513" alt="collage of Masks of Desire" typeof="foaf:Image"/> <h1 class="small">Project</h1> <h4 class="mar_0 pad_bottom-S">"The Mask—Arrayed" </h4> <h3 class="mar_0">Explores Material, Technological, and Cultural Aspects of the Face Mask </h3> <a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/news/mask-arrayed-project-explores-material-technological-and-cultural-aspects-face-mask" class="pad_top-S stack-ignore">More</a> </li> <li class="stack__item"> <img src="/web/20200705161314im_/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/sites/default/files/styles/stage_slider/public/2020-04/Fig%201_2.jpg?itok=7c8hVt1T" width="912" height="513" alt="Map of Korean Demilitarized Zone" typeof="foaf:Image"/> <h1 class="small">Feature Story</h1> <h4 class="mar_0 pad_bottom-S">No. 68</h4> <h3 class="mar_0">Ecologizing the Korean Demilitarized Zone: Fields, Animals, and Science during the Cold War </h3> <a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/feature-story/ecologizing-korean-demilitarized-zone-fields-animals-and-science-during-cold-war" class="pad_top-S stack-ignore">More</a> </li> <li class="stack__item"> <img src="/web/20200705161314im_/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/sites/default/files/styles/stage_slider/public/2020-04/Logo_HSOC_Black_2020.png?h=de6d8738&itok=l33oRwyh" width="912" height="513" alt="Logo HSOC project" typeof="foaf:Image"/> <h1 class="small">Project</h1> <h4 class="mar_0 pad_bottom-S">Videos & Resources</h4> <h3 class="mar_0">History of Science ON CALL: Listening, Attending, Acting</h3> <a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/research/projects/history-science-on-call" class="pad_top-S stack-ignore">More</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-panel-main"> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <div class="clearfix"> <div class="block-region-content"><section data-block-id="7febacc4-a615-4213-b82e-375154e538d5" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodefield-page-content huge-module clearfix" data-sticky-label="Content"> <div class="content_lists grid-center"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden"> <div class="field--item"><p>Founded in 1994, the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (MPIWG) in Berlin is one of the more than 80 research institutes administered by the Max Planck Society. It is dedicated to the study of the history of science and aims to understand scientific thinking and practice as historical phenomena. Researchers pursue a historical epistemology in their studies of how new categories of thought, proof, and experience have emerged.</p> <p> </p> <p class="text-align-center"><a class="button-style" href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/about">About the Institute</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blocknews-latest huge-module block-scroll" data-block-id="a9855be9-3938-4813-ab08-f03020297555" data-sticky-label="News & Press"> <div class="content_lists grid-center"> <header class=""> <h3 class="text-center color-grey100 block-title">News & Press</h3> </header> <section class="without-grid "> <div class="form-group"><div class="view view-news view-id-news view-display-id-latest js-view-dom-id-dc401b157ad702b7decc5a529d05d6fed63ed40f8c2a556bddd39380df08d9c3"> <div class="news_teaser grid-bottom"> <div data-push-left="off-0_md-0_xs-0" class="news_teaser_item col-5_md-5_xs-14"> <div class="tile tile_3-4 bg-grey50"> <div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="tile__wrapper"> <div class="tile__content"> <h5><ul class="list__links other_involved_comma"><span>Career</span></ul></h5> <div class="tile__title"> <p>MPIWG seeks Professor of the History of Science/History of Knowledge, Max Planck Research Group Leader</p> </div> <a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/news/mpiwg-and-freie-universitat-berlin-seek-max-planck-research-group-leader-professor-history" class="tile__link">More</a> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> </div> <div data-push-left="off-1_md-0_xs-0" data-pull-right="off-1_md-1_xs-0" style="z-index: 1;" class="news_teaser_item col-6_md-6_xs-14"> <div class="tile tile_4-3 bg-grey25"> <div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="tile__wrapper"> <div class="tile__content"> <h5><ul class="list__links other_involved_comma"><span>Institute News</span></ul></h5> <div class="tile__title"> <p>BMBF funding nomination for project "Modeling Socio-epistemic Networks to Understand Historical Genesis"</p> </div> <a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/news/project-modeling-socio-epistemic-networks-understand-historical-genesis-nominated-bmbf-funding" class="tile__link">More</a> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> </div> <div data-push-left="off-0_md-0_xs-0" class="news_teaser_item col-5_md-5_xs-14"> <div class="tile tile_square bg-grey50"> <div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div class="tile__wrapper"> <div class="tile__content"> <h5><ul class="list__links other_involved_comma"><span>Institute News</span></ul></h5> <div class="tile__title"> <p>New project "The Mask—Arrayed" explores material, technological, and cultural aspects of the face mask</p> </div> <a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/news/mask-arrayed-project-explores-material-technological-and-cultural-aspects-face-mask" class="tile__link">More</a> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="more-link bg-dunkelgruen color-neongruen"><a href="/web/20200705161314/https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/news">View All</a></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </section> <div data-block-id="42b9f1b7-2bf7-4254-8664-319debef532a" class="block block-upcoming-events-4 block-block-content block-block-contentb9147d0e-8ef7-40be-9850-5ed601b4fa96 content_lists content_lists__events huge-module block-scroll" data-sticky-label="Events"> <h3 class="block-title text-center color-grey100">Events</h3> <div class="stage"> <div class="grid-center"> <div class="col-3_md-6_xs-12"> <div data-history-node-id="7278" role="article" about="/event/reforming-medicine-ca-1500-1700-reforming-christian-soul-and-body" class="event upcoming clearfix"> <time class="h3">Jul 10, 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Journal of Historical Geography. doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2020.03.006. </p> <div class="tile__link"> <i class="icon-pfeil_rechts-oben"></i> Read More </div> </div> </a> </div> </article> <article data-history-node-id="7205" role="article" about="/article/slavery-histories-hinterland-making-indigenous-heritage-landscapes-western-burkina-faso" class="article preview carousel-cell clearfix"> <div class="tile tile_3-4 bg-dunkelgruen color-white small"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705161314/https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/faces/ViewItemFullPage.jsp?itemId=item_3223043" target="_blank" class="tile__wrapper"> <div class="tile__content"> <p class="tile__subtitle"> Douny, L. (2020). Slavery Histories from the Hinterland: Making Indigenous Heritage Landscapes in Western Burkina Faso. In M. Balkenhol, R. L. Blanes, & R. Sarró (Eds.), Atlantic Perspectives: Places, Spirits and Heritage (pp. 233-248). 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