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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Galatians 1:22 I was personally unknown, however, to the churches of Judea that are in Christ.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/galatians/1-22.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/11/48_Gal_01_22.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Galatians 1:22 - Paul Preaches the Gospel" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="I was personally unknown, however, to the churches of Judea that are in Christ." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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<a href="/nasb/galatians/1.htm">NASB 1995</a> I was still unknown by sight to the churches of Judea which were in Christ; <a href="/nasb77/galatians/1.htm">NASB 1977 </a> And I was still unknown by sight to the churches of Judea which were in Christ; <a href="/lsb/galatians/1.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> And I was still unknown by sight to the churches of Judea which are in Christ; <a href="/amp/galatians/1.htm">Amplified Bible</a> And I was still unknown by sight to the churches which were in Christ in Judea (Jerusalem and the surrounding region); <a href="/csb/galatians/1.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> I remained personally unknown to the Judean churches that are in Christ. <a href="/hcsb/galatians/1.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> I remained personally unknown to the Judean churches in Christ; <a href="/asv/galatians/1.htm">American Standard Version</a> And I was still unknown by face unto the churches of Jud锟絘 which were in Christ: <a href="/cev/galatians/1.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> But no one who belonged to Christ's churches in Judea had ever seen me in person. <a href="/erv/galatians/1.htm">English Revised Version</a> And I was still unknown by face unto the churches of Judaea which were in Christ: <a href="/gwt/galatians/1.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> The churches of Christ in Judea didn't know me personally. <a href="/gnt/galatians/1.htm">Good News Translation</a> At that time the members of the churches in Judea did not know me personally. <a href="/isv/galatians/1.htm">International Standard Version</a> But the churches of the Messiah that are in Judea did not yet know me personally. <a href="/net/galatians/1.htm">NET Bible</a> But I was personally unknown to the churches of Judea that are in Christ. <a href="/nheb/galatians/1.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> I was still unknown by face to the churches of Judea which were in Christ, <a href="/wbt/galatians/1.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And was unknown by face to the churches of Judea which were in Christ: <a href="/wey/galatians/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> But to the Christian Churches in Judaea I was personally unknown.<div class="vheading2">Majority Text Translations</div><a href="/msb/galatians/1.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> I was personally unknown, however, to the churches of Judea that are in Christ. <a href="/web/galatians/1.htm">World English Bible</a> I was still unknown by face to the assemblies of Judea which were in Christ, <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/galatians/1.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> and was unknown by face to the assemblies of Judea, that [are] in Christ, <a href="/blb/galatians/1.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> And I was by face unknown to the churches of Judea that are in Christ. <a href="/ylt/galatians/1.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> and was unknown by face to the assemblies of Judea, that are in Christ, <a href="/slt/galatians/1.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And was unknown by face to the churches of Judea there in Christ.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/galatians/1.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> And I was unknown by face to the churches of Judea, which were in Christ: <a href="/cpdv/galatians/1.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> But I was unknown by face to the churches of Judea, which were in Christ. <a href="/nabre/galatians/1.htm">New American Bible</a> And I was unknown personally to the churches of Judea that are in Christ; <a href="/nrsvce/galatians/1.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> and I was still unknown by sight to the churches of Judea that are in Christ;<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/galatians/1.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> And I was unknown by face to the churches of Christ in Judæa. <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/galatians/1.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> And the churches in Judea, these who are in The Messiah, did not know me by face,<div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/galatians/1.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> but I was not known, in person, to the churches of Judea which are in Christ. <a href="/godbey/galatians/1.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> But I was unknown by face to the churches of Judea which are in Christ. <a href="/haweis/galatians/1.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> and I was personally unknown to the churches of Judea, which are in Christ: <a href="/mace/galatians/1.htm">Mace New Testament</a> but was personally unknown to the churches of Christ in Judea, <a href="/wey/galatians/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> But to the Christian Churches in Judaea I was personally unknown. <a href="/worrell/galatians/1.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> and I was unknown by face to the assemblies of Judaea, which were in Christ; <a href="/worsley/galatians/1.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> and was not known in person to the churches of Judea, which were in Christ. <a href="/parallel/galatians/1-22.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Jv8Ri4CeT34?start=175" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/galatians/1.htm">Paul Preaches the Gospel</a> …21Later I went to the regions of Syria and Cilicia. 22<a href="/greek/1510.htm" title="1510: ēmēn (V-IIM-1S) -- I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.">I was</a> <a href="/greek/4383.htm" title="4383: prosōpō (N-DNS) -- From pros and ops; the front, i.e. The countenance, aspect, appearance, surface; by implication, presence, person.">personally</a> <a href="/greek/50.htm" title="50: agnooumenos (V-PPM/P-NMS) -- To do not know, be ignorant of, sometimes with the idea of willful ignorance. ">unknown,</a> <a href="/greek/1161.htm" title="1161: de (Conj) -- A primary particle; but, and, etc.">however,</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tō (Art-DNS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tais (Art-DFP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">to the</a> <a href="/greek/1577.htm" title="1577: ekklēsiais (N-DFP) -- From a compound of ek and a derivative of kaleo; a calling out, i.e. a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation.">churches</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tēs (Art-GFS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/2449.htm" title="2449: Ioudaias (N-GFS) -- Judea, a Roman province, capital Jerusalem. Feminine of Ioudaios; the Judaean land, a region of Palestine.">of Judea</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tais (Art-DFP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">that are</a> <a href="/greek/1722.htm" title="1722: en (Prep) -- In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; in, at, on, by, etc.">in</a> <a href="/greek/5547.htm" title="5547: Christō (N-DMS) -- Anointed One; the Messiah, the Christ. From chrio; Anointed One, i.e. The Messiah, an epithet of Jesus.">Christ.</a> 23They only heard the account: “The man who formerly persecuted us is now preaching the faith he once tried to destroy.”…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/acts/9-26.htm">Acts 9:26-30</a> When Saul arrived in Jerusalem, he tried to join the disciples, but they were all afraid of him, not believing that he was a disciple. / Then Barnabas brought him to the apostles and described how Saul had seen the Lord, who had spoken to him on the road to Damascus, and how Saul had spoken boldly in that city in the name of Jesus. / So Saul stayed with them, moving about freely in Jerusalem and speaking boldly in the name of the Lord. ... <a href="/2_corinthians/11-28.htm">2 Corinthians 11:28</a> Apart from these external trials, I face daily the pressure of my concern for all the churches. <a href="/acts/22-17.htm">Acts 22:17-21</a> Later, when I had returned to Jerusalem and was praying at the temple, I fell into a trance / and saw the Lord saying to me, ‘Hurry! Leave Jerusalem quickly, because the people here will not accept your testimony about Me.’ / ‘Lord,’ I answered, ‘they know very well that in one synagogue after another I imprisoned and beat those who believed in You. ... <a href="/acts/26-19.htm">Acts 26:19-20</a> So then, King Agrippa, I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision. / First to those in Damascus and Jerusalem, then to everyone in the region of Judea, and then to the Gentiles, I declared that they should repent and turn to God, performing deeds worthy of their repentance. <a href="/romans/15-19.htm">Romans 15:19-20</a> by the power of signs and wonders, and by the power of the Spirit of God. So from Jerusalem all the way around to Illyricum, I have fully proclaimed the gospel of Christ. / In this way I have aspired to preach the gospel where Christ was not known, so that I would not be building on someone else’s foundation. <a href="/1_thessalonians/2-14.htm">1 Thessalonians 2:14</a> For you, brothers, became imitators of the churches of God in Judea that are in Christ Jesus. You suffered from your own countrymen the very things they suffered from the Jews, <a href="/2_corinthians/1-1.htm">2 Corinthians 1:1</a> Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, To the church of God in Corinth, together with all the saints throughout Achaia: <a href="/1_corinthians/16-9.htm">1 Corinthians 16:9</a> because a great door for effective work has opened to me, even though many oppose me. <a href="/philippians/1-12.htm">Philippians 1:12-14</a> Now I want you to know, brothers, that my circumstances have actually served to advance the gospel. / As a result, it has become clear throughout the whole palace guard and to everyone else that I am in chains for Christ. / And most of the brothers, confident in the Lord by my chains, now dare more greatly to speak the word without fear. <a href="/acts/13-1.htm">Acts 13:1-3</a> Now in the church at Antioch there were prophets and teachers: Barnabas, Simeon called Niger, Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen (who had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch), and Saul. / While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for Me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.” / And after they had fasted and prayed, they laid their hands on them and sent them off. <a href="/acts/15-1.htm">Acts 15:1-2</a> Then some men came down from Judea and were teaching the brothers, “Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved.” / And after engaging these men in sharp debate, Paul and Barnabas were appointed, along with some other believers, to go up to Jerusalem to see the apostles and elders about this question. <a href="/1_timothy/1-12.htm">1 Timothy 1:12-14</a> I thank Christ Jesus our Lord, who has strengthened me, that He considered me faithful and appointed me to service. / I was formerly a blasphemer, a persecutor, and a violent man; yet because I had acted in ignorance and unbelief, I was shown mercy. / And the grace of our Lord overflowed to me, along with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus. <a href="/2_timothy/4-17.htm">2 Timothy 4:17</a> But the Lord stood by me and strengthened me, so that through me the message would be fully proclaimed, and all the Gentiles would hear it. So I was delivered from the mouth of the lion. <a href="/isaiah/52-15.htm">Isaiah 52:15</a> so He will sprinkle many nations. Kings will shut their mouths because of Him. For they will see what they have not been told, and they will understand what they have not heard. <a href="/psalms/18-43.htm">Psalm 18:43</a> You have delivered me from the strife of the people; You have made me the head of nations; a people I had not known shall serve me.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And was unknown by face to the churches of Judaea which were in Christ:the churches.<a href="/acts/9-31.htm">Acts 9:31</a> Then had the churches rest throughout all Judaea and Galilee and Samaria, and were edified; and walking in the fear of the Lord, and in the comfort of the Holy Ghost, were multiplied.<a href="/1_thessalonians/2-14.htm">1 Thessalonians 2:14</a> For ye, brethren, became followers of the churches of God which in Judaea are in Christ Jesus: for ye also have suffered like things of your own countrymen, even as they have of the Jews:in.<a href="/romans/16-7.htm">Romans 16:7</a> Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellowprisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.<a href="/1_corinthians/1-30.htm">1 Corinthians 1:30</a> But of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption:<a href="/philippians/1-1.htm">Philippians 1:1</a> Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/galatians/1-2.htm">Assemblies</a> <a href="/galatians/1-12.htm">Christ</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/16-19.htm">Christian</a> <a href="/galatians/1-2.htm">Churches</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/11-20.htm">Face</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/1-16.htm">Judaea</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/1-16.htm">Judea</a> <a href="/john/7-51.htm">Personally</a> <a href="/galatians/1-20.htm">Sight</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/6-9.htm">Unknown</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/1_thessalonians/2-14.htm">Assemblies</a> <a href="/galatians/2-4.htm">Christ</a> <a href="/galatians/6-6.htm">Christian</a> <a href="/1_thessalonians/2-14.htm">Churches</a> <a href="/galatians/2-11.htm">Face</a> <a href="/1_thessalonians/2-14.htm">Judaea</a> <a href="/1_thessalonians/2-14.htm">Judea</a> <a href="/colossians/2-1.htm">Personally</a> <a href="/galatians/3-11.htm">Sight</a> <a href="/ephesians/4-31.htm">Unknown</a><div class="vheading2">Galatians 1</div>1. <a href="/galatians/1-1.htm">Paul's greeting to the Galatians;</a> 6. <a href="/galatians/1-6.htm">He wonders why they have so soon left him and the gospel;</a> 8. <a href="/galatians/1-8.htm">and accurses those who preach any other gospel than he did.</a> 11. <a href="/galatians/1-11.htm">He learned the gospel not from men, but from God;</a> 14. <a href="/galatians/1-14.htm">and shows what he was before his calling;</a> 17. <a href="/galatians/1-17.htm">and what he did immediately after it.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/galatians/1.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/galatians/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/galatians/1.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>I was personally unknown Paul emphasizes his lack of personal interaction with the Judean churches. This highlights his independence from the original apostles and underscores the divine origin of his gospel message. His conversion and calling were direct from Christ, not through human intermediaries. This phrase also reflects the early church's rapid expansion, where not all believers were familiar with each other, even prominent figures like Paul.however, to the churches of Judea The churches of Judea were among the earliest Christian communities, established soon after Pentecost. Judea, the region surrounding Jerusalem, was the heart of Jewish religious life and the birthplace of the Christian church. These churches were likely composed of Jewish converts who were familiar with the apostles and the teachings of Jesus. Paul's reference to these churches underscores the geographical spread of Christianity and the diversity within the early church.that are in Christ This phrase signifies the spiritual unity and identity of the Judean churches. Being "in Christ" denotes a profound theological truth about the believer's union with Jesus, a central theme in Paul's writings. It implies a shared faith and salvation experience, transcending cultural and geographical boundaries. This unity in Christ is a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies about the gathering of God's people and reflects the new covenant community established through Jesus' death and resurrection.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/p/paul.htm">Paul (Apostle)</a> The author of the letter to the Galatians, Paul is recounting his early ministry and the fact that he was not known personally to the churches in Judea. 2. <a href="/topical/c/churches_of_judea.htm">Churches of Judea</a> These are the early Christian communities located in the region of Judea. They were primarily composed of Jewish Christians who had converted to Christianity. 3. <a href="/topical/j/judea.htm">Judea</a> A region in the ancient Near East, significant in the early spread of Christianity. It was the heartland of Jewish culture and religion. 4. <a href="/topical/c/christ.htm">Christ</a> Central figure of Christianity, whose teachings and resurrection are the foundation of the Christian faith. The churches in Judea were "in Christ," indicating their faith and commitment to His teachings. 5. <a href="/topical/p/paul's_conversion_and_ministry.htm">Paul's Conversion and Ministry</a> The broader context of this verse is Paul's recounting of his conversion and early ministry, emphasizing his divine calling and the authenticity of his apostleship.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/a/authenticity_of_apostleship.htm">Authenticity of Apostleship</a> Paul emphasizes that his apostleship and message were not derived from human sources but from Christ Himself. This underscores the importance of divine calling and authenticity in ministry. <a href="/topical/u/unity_in_diversity.htm">Unity in Diversity</a> Despite being unknown to the Judean churches, Paul was united with them in Christ. This highlights the unity of believers across different regions and backgrounds. <a href="/topical/h/humility_in_service.htm">Humility in Service</a> Paul's lack of personal recognition among the Judean churches reflects his humility and focus on serving Christ rather than seeking personal fame. <a href="/topical/t/the_spread_of_the_gospel.htm">The Spread of the Gospel</a> The mention of Judean churches indicates the early spread of Christianity beyond Jerusalem, encouraging believers to support the global mission of the church. <a href="/topical/t/trust_in_god's_timing.htm">Trust in God's Timing</a> Paul's journey shows that God's timing and preparation are crucial in ministry. Believers should trust in God's plan and timing for their own lives and callings.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_galatians_1.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Galatians 1</a> <a href="/q/why_does_paul_prioritize_faith_over_teachings.htm">Why does Paul focus on faith over Jesus' actual teachings?</a> <a href="/q/why_do_acts_and_paul's_letters_differ.htm">Why does the Book of Acts contradict Paul’s letters in describing his conversion?</a> <a href="/q/how_verify_paul's_conversion_in_acts_9.htm">Acts 9:1-19: Without external corroboration, how can the reality of Paul's conversion experience be verified?</a> <a href="/q/galatians_1_19_vs._acts_9__who's_right.htm">In Galatians 1:19, Paul mentions meeting only James, yet Acts 9 suggests he encountered other apostles; which account is correct?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/galatians/1.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(22) Was unknown by face.--The Greek is a shade stronger: I continued unknown. If in Jerusalem itself the Apostle had not had time to receive instruction from any one, still less was this the case with the other Christian communities of Judaea. To these he was not known even by sight. At the same time, so far were they from manifesting any opposition to his teaching, that their one thought was joy to hear of his conversion.The churches of Judaea.--Judaea is here distinguished from Jerusalem. The phrase is noticeable as pointing to the spread and early organisation of the Church at a date removed by not more than ten years from our Lord's ascension.Which were in Christ.--This is added in order to distinguish the Christian from the Jewish communities. It means, however, something more than merely "Christian." The various sections of the Christian Church not only professed a common creed, and were called by a common name, but they stood in the same direct and personal relation to Christ as their Head. It was His presence diffused among them which gave them unity.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/galatians/1.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verses 22-24. - It is somewhat difficult to determine, and when determined to make evident in translation, the precise flexure in the intonation (so to speak) of these verses. So far as the present writer can see, it is this: the δὲ in ver. 22 is slightly adversative to the foregoing sentence; as if it were, "During that time the people of Syria and Cilicia saw a great deal of me, but the Churches of Judaea did not see me at all." The δὲ in ver. 23 introduces a contrast to the foregoing "unknown by face;" as if it were, "They knew me not by face, but only by report." The rendering to be now given will endeavour to represent this view of the whole passage. Verse 22. - And was unknown by face (ἤμην δὲ ἀγνοούμενος τῷ προσώπῳ); but I was all the while unknown by face. The dative τῷ προσώπῳ, "by face," or "in person," marks (see Winer,' Gram. N. T.,' § 31, 6, a) the sphere to which a wider term is restricted, as ταῖς φρεσίν (<a href="/1_corinthians/14-20.htm">1 Corinthians 14:20</a>). Its addition prepares the reader for the subsequent intimation that, though unknown by personal presentment, he was not unknown by repute (comp. <a href="/1_thessalonians/2-17.htm">1 Thessalonians 2:17</a>, Προσώπῳ οὐ καρδιᾳ). The widened form of the verb, ηπμην ἀγνοούμενος, instead of ἠγνοούμην, intimates the long-continued period, represented by the words "all the while" in our rendering, for which the statement held good; which observation applies also to the ἀκούοντες ῆσαν of ver. 23. The word "still," introduced in the Revised Version, imports, as I humbly venture to think, on idea not actually expressed in the Greek. The apostle states no more than that the Churches of Judaea had at that time no opportunity of coming to know him personally. There is no ἔτι, They had, that is (for this is what seems intended), no opportunity of knowing him in his new character as a disciple of Christ. Whether or not they had known him in the terrible aspect of an unrelenting persecutor, is a matter which for the present lies out of the field of view. The period to which the apostle means this remark of his to apply may be assumed to be the whole time between his conversion and the close of this stay of his in "Syria and Cilicia." This, as we learn from the Acts, terminated with Barnabas's fetching him to join him in his work at Antioch. After this he did become known to the disciples of Judaea. Unto the Churches of Judaea which were in Christ (ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Ἰουδαίας ταῖς ἐν Ξριστῷ). This honorific form of designation, "which were in Christ," breathes a feeling on the part of the apostle of reverential respect for those Churches, as already organized communities vitally united to Christ, while he was as yet only beginning his Christian life (comp. <a href="/romans/16-7.htm">Romans 16:7</a>, "Who were also in Christ before me"). This ceremonious respectfulness is the more in place, inasmuch as the apostle had reason to know that the doctrinal position which he fell himself set to defend, in reference to obedience to the Mosaic Law, was generally distasteful to Jewish believers. Grateful is it, however, to his own feelings to recollect, and now thus publicly to recognize, the kindness and devout thankfulness which in those early days of his Christian career they had evinced with reference to him (see note on ver. 24). At the same time, his entire independence of the whole Jewish community when first beginning to preach is plainly indicated. It was from no Judaean Church any more than from Jerusalem and its apostles and elders that he derived the gospel which he had then and ever since been proclaiming. If we take the bearing of the clause, "which were in Christ," as above proposed, we have no need of (Ecumenius's remark, endorsed by various critics, including Alford and even Bishop Lightfoot, that it was added to distinguish the ἐκκλήσιαι of Christians from synagogues of non-Christian Jews. Indeed, the remark is itself open to grave exception. It is true that ἐκκλησία in the singular number is used of the whole Israelite community antecedently to the Christian dispensation; but it is never found either in the New Testament or in the Septuagint to denote, as συναγωγὴ does, an organized collection of Israelites as such, dwelling in a particular neighbourhood, in the way that it is applied to an organized collection of Christians in a neighbourhood; neither is the noun ever applied to Israelites as such in the plural number. The term ἐκκλήσιαι would, of course, be taken to mean Christian Churches and no other. <a href="/commentaries/galatians/1-22.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>I was ἤμην (ēmēn) Verb - Imperfect Indicative Middle - 1st Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1510.htm">Strong's 1510: </a> I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist. personally προσώπῳ (prosōpō) Noun - Dative Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4383.htm">Strong's 4383: </a> From pros and ops; the front, i.e. The countenance, aspect, appearance, surface; by implication, presence, person. unknown, ἀγνοούμενος (agnooumenos) Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_50.htm">Strong's 50: </a> To do not know, be ignorant of, sometimes with the idea of willful ignorance. however, δὲ (de) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_1161.htm">Strong's 1161: </a> A primary particle; but, and, etc. to the ταῖς (tais) Article - Dative Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. churches ἐκκλησίαις (ekklēsiais) Noun - Dative Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1577.htm">Strong's 1577: </a> From a compound of ek and a derivative of kaleo; a calling out, i.e. a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation. of Judea Ἰουδαίας (Ioudaias) Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2449.htm">Strong's 2449: </a> Judea, a Roman province, capital Jerusalem. Feminine of Ioudaios; the Judaean land, a region of Palestine. that [are] ταῖς (tais) Article - Dative Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. in ἐν (en) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1722.htm">Strong's 1722: </a> In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc. Christ. Χριστῷ (Christō) Noun - Dative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5547.htm">Strong's 5547: </a> Anointed One; the Messiah, the Christ. From chrio; Anointed One, i.e. The Messiah, an epithet of Jesus. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/galatians/1-22.htm">Galatians 1:22 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/galatians/1-22.htm">Galatians 1:22 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/galatians/1-22.htm">Galatians 1:22 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/galatians/1-22.htm">Galatians 1:22 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/galatians/1-22.htm">Galatians 1:22 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/galatians/1-22.htm">Galatians 1:22 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/galatians/1-22.htm">Galatians 1:22 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/galatians/1-22.htm">Galatians 1:22 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/galatians/1-22.htm">Galatians 1:22 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/galatians/1-22.htm">Galatians 1:22 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/galatians/1-22.htm">NT Letters: Galatians 1:22 I was still unknown by face (Gal. 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