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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Origins and history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_kundiman_singers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_kundiman_singers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notable kundiman singers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_kundiman_singers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Kundiman%22">"Kundiman"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Kundiman%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Kundiman%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Kundiman%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Kundiman%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Kundiman%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Kundiman</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_music" title="Philippine folk music">Filipino folk music</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a>, also other <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines" title="Ethnic groups in the Philippines">ethnic groups in the Philippines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Vocals • acoustic guitar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Manila_sound" title="Manila sound">Manila sound</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kundiman</b> is a genre of traditional <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Filipino</a> <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballads</a>, predominantly with <a href="/wiki/Love_song" title="Love song">romantic</a> themes.<sup id="cite_ref-FHL_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lyrics" title="Lyrics">lyrics</a> of the kundiman are written in <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a> is characterized by a smooth, flowing and gentle rhythm with dramatic intervals. Kundiman was the traditional means of <a href="/wiki/Serenade" title="Serenade">serenade</a> in the Philippines. </p><p>The kundiman emerged as an <i><a href="/wiki/Art_song" title="Art song">art song</a></i> at the end of the 19th century and by the early 20th century, its musical structure was formalised by Filipino composers such as <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Santiago" title="Francisco Santiago">Francisco Santiago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Abelardo" title="Nicanor Abelardo">Nicanor Abelardo</a>; they sought poetry for their lyrics, blending verse and music in equal parts. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kundiman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The formalized art song structure of the kundiman is characterized by moderate 3/4 time, with the piece beginning in a minor key and ending in the parallel major.<sup id="cite_ref-RamonSantosArtSongNCCA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RamonSantosArtSongNCCA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_history">Origins and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kundiman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Cundiman_by_Jos%C3%A9_Honorato_Lozano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/El_Cundiman_by_Jos%C3%A9_Honorato_Lozano.jpg/220px-El_Cundiman_by_Jos%C3%A9_Honorato_Lozano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/El_Cundiman_by_Jos%C3%A9_Honorato_Lozano.jpg/330px-El_Cundiman_by_Jos%C3%A9_Honorato_Lozano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/El_Cundiman_by_Jos%C3%A9_Honorato_Lozano.jpg/440px-El_Cundiman_by_Jos%C3%A9_Honorato_Lozano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption><i>El Cundiman</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Honorato_Lozano" title="José Honorato Lozano">José Honorato Lozano</a></figcaption></figure><p>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Santiago" title="Francisco Santiago">Francisco Santiago</a> (1889–1947), the "Father of the Kundiman Art Song", briefly explains in his scholarly work <i>The Development of Music in the Philippines</i> that the reason this Tagalog song is called kundiman is because the first stanza of this song begins thus: </p><dl><dd><dl><dd>"Cundiman, cundiman</dd> <dd>Cundiman si jele"</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>"Hele ng Cundiman</dd> <dd>Hele ng Cundangan"</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In 1872, the illustrious Franciscan Tagalist and poet, Joaquín de Coria wrote <i>Nueva Gramática Tagalog Teorica-Práctica</i> which, besides treating grammar, also enumerates the characteristics of <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog language</a>, and discusses Tagalog poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-Kundiman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kundiman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this book, Coria also listed the names of the most important songs of the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalogs</a>. They are: </p> <ul><li><i>Diona</i> and <i>Talingdao</i> (songs in the homes and in ordinary work)</li> <li><i>Indolanin</i> and <i>Dolayin</i> (songs in the streets)</li> <li><i>Soliranin</i> (boat songs)</li> <li><i>Haloharin</i>, <i>Oyayi</i>, and <i>Hele-hele</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lullaby" title="Lullaby">lullabies</a>)</li> <li><i>Sambotani</i> (songs for festivals and social reunions)</li> <li><i>Tagumpay</i> (songs to commemorate victory in war)</li> <li><i>Hiliraw</i> and <i>Balicungcung</i> (sweet songs)</li> <li><i>Dopayinin</i> (similar to <i>Tagumpay</i>; more serious and sincere)</li> <li><i>Kumintang</i> (love song; also a <a href="/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">pantomimic</a> "dance song" – Dr. F. Santiago)</li> <li><b>Cundiman</b> (love song; used especially in <a href="/wiki/Serenade" title="Serenade">serenading</a>)</li></ul> <p>The Spanish scholar V.M. Avella described the kundiman in his 1874 work <i>Manual de la Conversación Familiar Español-Tagalog</i> as the "<i>canción indígena</i>" (native song) of the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalogs</a> and characterized its melody as "something pathetic but not without some pleasant feeling."<sup id="cite_ref-Kundiman_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kundiman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his 1883 book <i>Cuentos Filipinos</i>, Don José Montero y Vidal recorded in Spanish the sad lyrics of what he describes as a popular kundiman of the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalogs</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Kundiman_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kundiman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Cundiman, cundiman</dd> <dd>Cundiman si jele</dd> <dd>Mas que esta dormido</dd> <dd>Ta sona con ele.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Desde que vos cara</dd> <dd>Yo ta mira</dd> <dd>Aquel morisqueta</dd> <dd>No puede traga.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Cundiman, cundiman</dd> <dd>Cundiman, cundaman</dd> <dd>Mamatay, me muero</dd> <dd>Sacamay mo lamang.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The Spanish writer and historian Wenceslao E. Retana recorded in 1888 the lyrics of a popular kundiman in Batangas. The melancholic lyrics in the Tagalog original as recorded in Retana's book <i>El Indio Batangueño</i> reads:<sup id="cite_ref-Kundiman_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kundiman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Aco man ay imbi, hamac isang ducha</dd> <dd>Nasinta sa iyo, naghahasic nga</dd> <dd>Di ba guin si David ng una ay aba</dd> <dd>Pastor ay nag harin ng datnan ng awa?</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Estrebillo:</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Hele ng Cundiman</dd> <dd>Hele ng Cundangan</dd> <dd>Mundo palibhasai, talinghaga lamang</dd> <dd>Ang mababa ngayon bucas ay marangal.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Sa lahat ng hirap sintang dala-dala</dd> <dd>Salang cumilos isip coi icao na</dd> <dd>Acoi mananaog na hahanapin quita</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Estrebillo:</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Hele ng Cundiman</dd> <dd>Hele ng Cundangan</dd> <dd>Cundangan nga icao ang may casalanan</dd> <dd>Tataghoy-taghoy ni 'di mo pa paquingan.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In 1916, Dr. Juan V. Pagaspas, a doctor of philosophy from Indiana University and a much beloved educator in Tanauan, Batangas described the kundiman as "a pure Tagalog song which is usually very sentimental, so sentimental that if one should listen to it carefully watching the tenor of words and the way the voice is conducted to express the real meaning of the verses, he cannot but be conquered by a feeling of pity even so far as to shed tears."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dr. Francisco Santiago, the "Father of Filipino Musical Nationalism", declared in 1931 that the kundiman "is the love song par excellence of the Filipinos, the plaintive song which goes deepest into their hearts, song which brings them untold emotions."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Endowed with such power, the kundiman naturally came to serve as a vehicle for veiled patriotism in times of colonial oppression, in which the undying love for a woman symbolized the love of country and desire for freedom. </p><p>José Rizal, leader of the Propaganda movement and the Philippine national hero, has consecrated the kundiman in his <a href="/wiki/Social_novel" title="Social novel">social novel</a> <i>Noli Me Tangere</i>. Not only this but he himself wrote a kundiman which is not of the elegiac type because its rhythm sounds the threat, the reproach and the revindication of the rights of the race. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>Kundiman ni Rizal</b></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Tunay ngayong umid yaring diwa at puso</dd> <dd>Ang bayan palibhasa'y api, lupig at sumuko.</dd> <dd>Sa kapabayaan ng nagturong puno</dd> <dd>Paglaya'y nawala, ligaya'y naglaho!</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Datapuwa't muling sisikat ang maligayang araw</dd> <dd>Pilit na maliligtas ang inaping bayan</dd> <dd>Magbabalik man din at laging sisikat</dd> <dd>Ang ngalang Tagalog sa sandaigdigan!</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Ibubuhos namin ang dugo'y ibabaha</dd> <dd>Ng matubos lamang ang sa Amang Lupa!</dd> <dd>Hanggang 'di sumapit ang panahong tadhana</dd> <dd>Sinta ay tatahimik, tutuloy ang nasa!</dd> <dd>Sinta ay tatahimik at tutuloy ang nasa!</dd> <dd>O Bayan kong mahal</dd> <dd>Sintang Filipinas!</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In 1941, National Artist for Music, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Molina_(composer)" title="Antonio Molina (composer)">Antonio Molina (composer)</a> introduced Jocelynang Baliwag as the Kundiman of the Revolution. The melody of "Jocelynang Baliwag" is undeniably older than the title and the lyrics. The music sheet introduced by Molina describes the melody of "Jocelynang Baliwag" as "musica del legítimo kundiman procedente del Campo insurrecto" ('authentic kundiman music in the revolutionary camps'). In 1905, <a href="/wiki/Isabelo_de_los_Reyes" title="Isabelo de los Reyes">Isabelo de los Reyes</a> wrote the kundiman and other written pieces including "<a href="/wiki/Ang_Singsing_ng_Dalagang_Marmol" title="Ang Singsing ng Dalagang Marmol">Ang Singsing ng Dalagang Marmol</a>" dedicated to Josefa 'Pepita' Tiongson y Lara from Baliwag, Bulacan, whom he courted. "Jocelynang Baliuag" is actually composed of four musical pieces – "Liwayway", "El Anillo de Dalaga de Marmol", "Pepita" and Jocelynang Baliuag".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maria Josefa Lara Tiongson aka "Josefa T. Mateo" (July 10, 1885-October 26, 1974) (89)is the daughter of José Tiongson and Maria de Lara, the wife of Pedro Rais Mateo (son of Domingo Rais Mateo and Saturnina Mercado) brother of Maria de la Paz Mercado Rais Mateo, with children Pacita Tiongson Mateo and Vicente R. Mateo. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>Jocelynang Baliwag</b></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>P</b>- Pinopoong sinta, niring calolowa</dd> <dd>Nacacawangis mo'y mabangong sampaga</dd> <dd>Dalisay sa linis, dakila sa ganda</dd> <dd>Matimyas na bucal ng madlang ligaya.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>E</b>- Edeng maligayang kinaloclocan</dd> <dd>Ng galak at tuwang catamis-tamisan</dd> <dd>Hada cang maningning na ang matunghaya'y</dd> <dd>Masamyong bulaclac agad sumisical.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>P</b>- Pinananaligan niring aking dibdib</dd> <dd>Na sa paglalayag sa dagat ng sakit</dd> <dd>'Di mo babayaang malunod sa hapis</dd> <dd>Sa pagcabagabag co'y icaw ang sasagip.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>I</b>- Icaw na nga ang lunas sa aking dalita</dd> <dd>Tanging magliligtas sa niluha-luha</dd> <dd>Bunying binibining sinucuang cusa</dd> <dd>Niring catawohang nangayupapa.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>T</b>- Tanggapin ang aking wagas na pag-ibig</dd> <dd>Marubdob na ningas na taglay sa dibdib</dd> <dd>Sa buhay na ito'y walang nilalangit</dd> <dd>Cung hindi ikaw lamang, ilaw niring isip.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dd><dl><dd><b>A</b>- At sa cawacasa'y ang kapamanhikan</dd> <dd>Tumbasan mo yaring pagsintang dalisay</dd> <dd>Alalahanin mong cung 'di cahabagan</dd> <dd>Iyong lalasunin ang aba cong buhay.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The Filipino composer, conductor and scholar Felipe M. de León Jr., wrote that the kundiman is a "unique musical form expressing intense longing, caring, devotion and oneness with a beloved. Or with a child, spiritual figure, motherland, ideal or cause. According to its text, a kundiman can be romantic, patriotic, religious, mournful. Or a consolation, a lullaby. Or a protest and other types. But of whatever type, its music is soulful and lofty, conveying deep feelings of devotional love."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baliuagmuseumjf1739_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Josefa Tiongson y Lara Bulwagan, Baliwag Museum and Library"><img alt="Josefa Tiongson y Lara Bulwagan, Baliwag Museum and Library" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Baliuagmuseumjf1739_06.JPG/112px-Baliuagmuseumjf1739_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Baliuagmuseumjf1739_06.JPG/169px-Baliuagmuseumjf1739_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Baliuagmuseumjf1739_06.JPG/225px-Baliuagmuseumjf1739_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Josefa Tiongson y Lara Bulwagan, <a href="/wiki/Baliwag_Museum_and_Library" title="Baliwag Museum and Library">Baliwag Museum and Library</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jocelynang_Baliwag2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maria Clara gown with umbrella for Jocelynang Baliwag 1998, created by Aureo Alonzo"><img alt="Maria Clara gown with umbrella for Jocelynang Baliwag 1998, created by Aureo Alonzo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Jocelynang_Baliwag2.jpg/67px-Jocelynang_Baliwag2.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Jocelynang_Baliwag2.jpg/101px-Jocelynang_Baliwag2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Jocelynang_Baliwag2.jpg/135px-Jocelynang_Baliwag2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1756" data-file-height="3889" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Clara_gown" title="Maria Clara gown">Maria Clara gown</a> with umbrella for Jocelynang Baliwag 1998, created by Aureo Alonzo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jocelynang_Baliwag3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Jocelynang Baliwag""><img alt=""Jocelynang Baliwag"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Jocelynang_Baliwag3.jpg/250px-Jocelynang_Baliwag3.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2808" data-file-height="3434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Jocelynang Baliwag"</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_kundiman_singers">Notable kundiman singers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kundiman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable kundiman singers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cely_Bautista" class="extiw" title="tl:Cely Bautista">Cely Bautista</a> (1939–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Camacho_(singer)" title="Carmen Camacho (singer)">Carmen Camacho</a> (b. 1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Rudy Concepción">Rudy Concepción</a> (1912–1940)</li> <li><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenon_Lagman" class="extiw" title="tl:Cenon Lagman">Cenon Lagman</a> (1936–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_La_Torre" title="Sylvia La Torre">Sylvia La Torre</a> (1933–2022) (dubbed as the "Queen of Kundiman")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabuhay_Singers" title="Mabuhay Singers">Mabuhay Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dely_Magpayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dely Magpayo">Dely Magpayo</a> (1920–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ric_Manrique_Jr." title="Ric Manrique Jr.">Ric Manrique Jr.</a> (1941–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomedes_Maturan" title="Diomedes Maturan">Diomedes Maturan</a> (1941–2002)</li> <li><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conching_Rosal" class="extiw" title="tl:Conching Rosal">Conching Rosal</a> (1926–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruben_Tagalog" title="Ruben Tagalog">Ruben Tagalog</a> (1922–1985) (dubbed as the "King of Kundiman")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kundiman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Dahil_sa_Iyo" title="Dahil sa Iyo">Dahil sa Iyo</a>"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kundiman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FHL-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FHL_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.himig.com.ph/features/24-more-than-a-love-song">"More than a Love Song"</a>. <i>Himig – The Filipino Music Collection of the Filipinas Heritage Library</i>. Features. Filipinas Heritage Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100808043530/http://www.himig.com.ph/features/24-more-than-a-love-song">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Himig+%E2%80%93+The+Filipino+Music+Collection+of+the+Filipinas+Heritage+Library&rft.atitle=More+than+a+Love+Song&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.himig.com.ph%2Ffeatures%2F24-more-than-a-love-song&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKundiman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RamonSantosArtSongNCCA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RamonSantosArtSongNCCA_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSantos" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Santos" title="Ramon Santos">Santos, Ramon P.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/music/art-music-form/">"Art Music Form"</a>. <i>National Commission for Culture and the Arts</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227070051/https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-sca/music/art-music-form/">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Commission+for+Culture+and+the+Arts&rft.atitle=Art+Music+Form&rft.aulast=Santos&rft.aufirst=Ramon+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fncca.gov.ph%2Fabout-ncca-3%2Fsubcommissions%2Fsubcommission-on-the-arts-sca%2Fmusic%2Fart-music-form%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKundiman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kundiman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kundiman_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kundiman_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kundiman_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kundiman_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;idno=aeg8734.0001.001;q1=kundiman;size=l;frm=frameset;seq=39;page=root;view=image"><i>Kundiman Music</i></a>. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kundiman+Music&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fcgi%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dphilamer%3Bcc%3Dphilamer%3Bidno%3Daeg8734.0001.001%3Bq1%3Dkundiman%3Bsize%3Dl%3Bfrm%3Dframeset%3Bseq%3D39%3Bpage%3Droot%3Bview%3Dimage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKundiman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Pagaspas, <i>Native Amusements in the Province of Batangas</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Santiago, <i>The Development of Music in the Philippines</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://article.wn.com/view/2018/02/08/A_song_of_love/">"A song of love"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+song+of+love&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farticle.wn.com%2Fview%2F2018%2F02%2F08%2FA_song_of_love%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKundiman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F.M. de León Jr., "But <i>What Really Is The Kundiman</i>?"</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kundiman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://name.umdl.umich.edu/AEG8734.0001.001">"Tagalog Literature; A Historico-Critical Study"</a> by Prof. Eufronio Melo Alip, Manila: U. S. T. Press, 1930. pp. 17,65</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kapitbisig.com/node/529">"Kundiman" by Dr. José Rizal (English version)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;idno=aqx2406.0001.009;q1=kundiman;size=l;frm=frameset;seq=16;page=root;view=image">"The Music and Theater of the Filipino People"</a> by R.C. Banas, from El Filipino: Revista mensual Vol I No. 9 (1926)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;idno=acd5869.0023.003;size=l;frm=frameset;seq=21">"The Filipino Folk Song"</a> by Percy Hill from the Philippine magazine, Vol. XXIII, no. 3, Philippine Education Co. Manila, 1926, p. 147</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://name.umdl.umich.edu/abw7511.0001.001">"El Indio Batangueno"</a> by Wenceslao E. Retana, Manila, Tipo-Litografia de Chofre y Cia, 1888. p. 25</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://name.umdl.umich.edu/AGM3478.0001.001">"Cuentos Filipinos"</a> by Don José Montero y Vidal, Madrid, Tip. del Asilo de Huérfanos del Sagrado Corazon de Jesús, 1883. p. 106</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/aurel/novara/nov1340.htm#condiman">"Condiman: Tagalian Merriness"</a> by Karl Scherzer from "Circumnavigation of the Globe by the Austrian Frigate Novara in the Years 1857, 1858 & 1859."</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://name.umdl.umich.edu/ACK4656.0001.001">"Manual de la conversación Familiar Español-Tagalog</a> by V.M. de Avella,Manila, C. Miralles, 1874. p. 116</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zbernard.fastcast4u.com">"Classical Philippines Radio"</a> plays a unique blend of classical guitar, kundiman and harana music.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Template:Music of the Philippines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Template talk:Music of the Philippines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music of the Philippines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_the_Philippines186" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines" title="Music of the Philippines">Music of the Philippines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>"<a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">Lupang Hinirang</a>" (Philippine national anthem)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Philippine_musical_instruments" title="Traditional Philippine musical instruments">Instruments</a></li> <li>Genres and styles <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville_in_the_Philippines" title="Vaudeville in the Philippines">Bodabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_folk_music" title="Philippine folk music">Folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kulintang" title="Kulintang">Kulintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondalla" title="Rondalla">Rondalla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kundiman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harana_(serenade)" title="Harana (serenade)">Harana</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budots" title="Budots">Budots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila Sound">Manila Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Pilipino_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Original Pilipino Music">OPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinoy hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines#Pinoy_Jazz" title="Music of the Philippines">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_pop" title="Pinoy pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_reggae" title="Pinoy reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BisRock" class="mw-redirect" title="BisRock">BisRock</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_Songs" title="Philippines Songs">Billboard Philippines Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hot_100" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Hot 100">Billboard Philippine Hot 100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_record_labels" title="Category:Philippine record labels">Record companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_record_labels" title="Category:Philippine record labels">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_independent_record_labels" title="Category:Philippine independent record labels">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Filipino musicians">List of Filipino musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_singers" title="List of Filipino singers">List of Filipino singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_composers" title="List of Filipino composers">List of Filipino composers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Philippine_music" title="2010 in Philippine music">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Philippine_music" title="2014 in Philippine music">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Philippine_music" title="2015 in Philippine music">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Philippine_music" title="2016 in Philippine music">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Philippine_music" title="2017 in Philippine music">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Philippine_music" title="2018 in Philippine music">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Philippine_music" title="2019 in Philippine music">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Philippine_music" title="2020 in Philippine music">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Philippine_music" title="2021 in Philippine music">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Philippine_music" title="2022 in Philippine music">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Philippine_music" title="2023 in Philippine music">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Philippine_music" title="2024 in Philippine music">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philippine_music_awards" title="Category:Philippine music awards">Philippine music awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_festivals_in_the_Philippines" title="Category:Music festivals in the Philippines">Philippine music festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filipino_patriotic_songs" title="Category:Filipino patriotic songs">Philippine patriotic songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Association_of_the_Record_Industry" title="Philippine Association of the Record Industry">Philippine Association of the Record Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Music_Competitions_for_Young_Artists" title="National Music Competitions for Young Artists">National Music Competitions for Young Artists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kundiman&oldid=1278448408">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kundiman&oldid=1278448408</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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