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id="toc-Rulers_of_Horne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lords_of_Horne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lords_of_Horne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Lords of Horne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lords_of_Horne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counts_of_Horne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counts_of_Horne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Counts of Horne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counts_of_Horne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Графство Хорн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Графство Хорн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontelezh_Horn" title="Kontelezh Horn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kontelezh Horn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comtat_d%27Horn" title="Comtat d'Horn – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comtat d'Horn" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafschaft_Hoorn" title="Grafschaft Hoorn – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grafschaft Hoorn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comt%C3%A9_de_Horn" title="Comté de Horn – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Comté de Horn" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graofsjap_H%C3%A4%C3%B6r" title="Graofsjap Häör – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Graofsjap Häör" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country 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.ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">County of Horne</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Limburgish-language text"><i lang="li">Graofsjap Häör</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Limburgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Limburgish language">Limburgish</a>)</span><br /><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Graafschap Horn</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">920–1795</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_nl_Horn(Limburg).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Horne"><img alt="Coat of arms of Horne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blason_ville_nl_Horn%28Limburg%29.svg/85px-Blason_ville_nl_Horn%28Limburg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blason_ville_nl_Horn%28Limburg%29.svg/128px-Blason_ville_nl_Horn%28Limburg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Blason_ville_nl_Horn%28Limburg%29.svg/170px-Blason_ville_nl_Horn%28Limburg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Lordship_of_Horne_(1350).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lordship of Horne (1350)"><img alt="Lordship of Horne (1350)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Locator_Lordship_of_Horne_%281350%29.svg/250px-Locator_Lordship_of_Horne_%281350%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Locator_Lordship_of_Horne_%281350%29.svg/375px-Locator_Lordship_of_Horne_%281350%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Locator_Lordship_of_Horne_%281350%29.svg/500px-Locator_Lordship_of_Horne_%281350%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2818" data-file-height="3608" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Lordship of Horne (1350)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">County</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Horn_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horn (Netherlands)">Horn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburgish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">920</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Personal union</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1568</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars:_Campaigns_of_1795" class="mw-redirect" title="French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1795">Annexed by France</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1795</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1801" title="Concordat of 1801">Concordat</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10 September 1801</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maasgau" title="Maasgau">Maasgau</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Meuse-Inf%C3%A9rieure" title="Meuse-Inférieure">Meuse-Inférieure</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French First Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comt%C3%A9_de_Horn,_Vaugondy_1748.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Comt%C3%A9_de_Horn%2C_Vaugondy_1748.jpg/300px-Comt%C3%A9_de_Horn%2C_Vaugondy_1748.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Comt%C3%A9_de_Horn%2C_Vaugondy_1748.jpg/450px-Comt%C3%A9_de_Horn%2C_Vaugondy_1748.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Comt%C3%A9_de_Horn%2C_Vaugondy_1748.jpg/600px-Comt%C3%A9_de_Horn%2C_Vaugondy_1748.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>The County of Horn in the 18th century</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thorn,_Horn,_Kessenich.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Thorn%2C_Horn%2C_Kessenich.PNG/300px-Thorn%2C_Horn%2C_Kessenich.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Thorn%2C_Horn%2C_Kessenich.PNG/450px-Thorn%2C_Horn%2C_Kessenich.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Thorn%2C_Horn%2C_Kessenich.PNG 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the Imperial Abbey of Thorn, the County of Horne and the barony of Kessenich</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HORN-002.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/HORN-002.JPG/250px-HORN-002.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/HORN-002.JPG/375px-HORN-002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/HORN-002.JPG/500px-HORN-002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption>Castle Horn</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Horne</b> (also <i>Horn</i>, <i>Hoorn</i> or <i>Hoorne</i>) is a small historic <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">county</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> in the present day <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. It takes its name from the village <a href="/wiki/Horn_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horn (Netherlands)">Horn</a>, west of <a href="/wiki/Roermond" title="Roermond">Roermond</a>. The residence of the counts of Horne was moved from Horn to <a href="/wiki/Weert" title="Weert">Weert</a> in the 15th century. </p><p>After the execution in 1568 of <a href="/wiki/Philip_de_Montmorency,_Count_of_Hoorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip de Montmorency, Count of Hoorn">Philip de Montmorency</a> who died without male heirs, the <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Prince-Bishop of Liège</a>, as suzerain of Horne, was declared the direct lord and new count. The bishops ruled the county in personal union. Horne maintained its own laws and customs as well as its financial autonomy. The county included the communes of Neer, Nunhem, Haelen, Buggenum, Roggel, Heythuysen, Horne, Beegden, Geystingen and Ophoven.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was suppressed in 1795, when it was <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars:_Campaigns_of_1795" class="mw-redirect" title="French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1795">occupied by the French</a>, and it became part of the French département <a href="/wiki/Meuse-Inf%C3%A9rieure" title="Meuse-Inférieure">Meuse-Inférieure</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rulers_of_Horne">Rulers of Horne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Horne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rulers of Horne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lords_of_Horne">Lords of Horne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Horne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lords of Horne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Engelbert de Hurne,</li> <li>Engelbert de Hurnen,</li> <li>Henry van Horn, † 1196</li> <li>William,</li> <li>Engelbert,</li> <li>Gerhard van Horn</li> <li>William I., † 1264/65,</li> <li>Engelbert van Horn, 1212/64</li> <li>William II., † 1300/1301,</li> <li>William III., † 1301,</li> <li>Gerhard I., † 1330,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_IV_of_Horne" title="Willem IV of Horne">Willem IV of Horne</a> (Lord 1330-1343)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_II_of_Horne" title="Gerard II of Horne">Gerard II of Horne</a> (Lord 1343-1345)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_V_of_Horne" title="Willem V of Horne">Willem V of Horne</a> (Lord 1345-1357)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Loef_of_Horne" title="Dirk Loef of Horne">Dirk Loef of Horne</a> (Lord 1357-1368)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_VI_of_Horne" title="Willem VI of Horne">Willem VI of Horne</a> (Lord 1368-1405) † 1417,</li> <li>William VII., † 1433,</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counts_of_Horne">Counts of Horne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Horne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Counts of Horne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jacob I., † 1488,</li> <li>Jacob II., † 1530,</li> <li>Jacob III., X 1531,</li> <li>John, † 1540</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Montmorency" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe de Montmorency">Philippe de Montmorency</a></li> <li>The prince-bishops of Liège, 1568-1795</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Horne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bulletin de la Commission centrale de statistique, Brussels, 1857, vol. 7, p. 136.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Horne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Detlev Schwennicke, <a href="/wiki/Europ%C3%A4ische_Stammtafeln" title="Europäische Stammtafeln">Europäische Stammtafeln</a> Band XVIII (1998) Tafel 62ff und Band XIV 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Rhenish–Westphalian Circle"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Lower_Rhenish–Westphalian_Circle_(1500–1806)_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle</a> (1500–1806) of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop" title="Prince-bishop">Prince-bishops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cambrai" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai">Cambrai</a> <small>(until 1678)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Abbey_of_Corvey" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Abbey of Corvey">Corvey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Prince-Bishopric of Liège">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Minden" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Minden">Minden</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Prince-Bishopric of Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Paderborn" title="Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Utrecht" title="Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht">Utrecht</a> <small>(until 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Verden" title="Prince-Bishopric of Verden">Verden</a> <small>(until 1648)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Westphalian_Circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of a large region (in white) including all the territory of modern Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium and the Netherlands, plus parts of most neighbouring countries, including most of Northern Italy. Some of the northwest part region is highlighted in color, including Münster, most of the Netherlands and parts of modern Belgium." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Locator_Westphalian_Circle.svg/200px-Locator_Westphalian_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Locator_Westphalian_Circle.svg/300px-Locator_Westphalian_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Locator_Westphalian_Circle.svg/400px-Locator_Westphalian_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>The Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (red) within the Holy Roman Empire (white) after 1548</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prince-abbot" title="Prince-abbot">Prince-abbots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princely_Abbey_of_Corvey" title="Princely Abbey of Corvey">Corvey</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen_Abbey" title="Essen Abbey">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford_Abbey" title="Herford Abbey">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kornelim%C3%BCnster_Abbey" title="Kornelimünster Abbey">Kornelimünster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_Abbey_of_Stavelot-Malmedy" title="Princely Abbey of Stavelot-Malmedy">Stavelot–Malmedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorn_Abbey" title="Thorn Abbey">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werden_Abbey" title="Werden Abbey">Werden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arenberg" title="Arenberg">Arenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cleves" title="Duchy of Cleves">Cleves</a> with <a href="/wiki/County_of_Mark" title="County of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_East_Frisia" title="County of East Frisia">East Frisia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_J%C3%BClich" title="Duchy of Jülich">Jülich</a>–<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Berg" title="Duchy of Berg">Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelders" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelders">Guelders</a> <small>(until 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> <small>(until 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Minden" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Minden">Minden</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Moers" title="County of Moers">Moers</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau-Dillenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau-Dillenburg">Nassau-Dillenburg</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen-Verden" title="Bremen-Verden">Verden</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Counts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">From 1500</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Bentheim" title="County of Bentheim">Bentheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronkhorst" title="Bronkhorst">Bronkhorst</a> <small>(until 1719)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepholz" title="Diepholz">Diepholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Drenthe" title="County of Drenthe">Drenthe</a> <small>(until 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_East_Frisia" title="County of East Frisia">East Frisia</a> <small>(until 1667)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Groningen" title="Lordship of Groningen">Groningen</a> <small>(until 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelders" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelders">Guelders</a> <small>(until 1548)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Horne</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <small>(until 1614)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Hoya" title="County of Hoya">Hoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingen,_Germany" title="Lingen, Germany">Lingen</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lippe" title="Principality of Lippe">Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Manderscheid" title="County of Manderscheid">Manderscheid</a> <small>(until 1546)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Moers" title="County of Moers">Moers</a> <small>(until 1541)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Nassau" title="County of Nassau">Nassau</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nassau-Diez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nassau-Diez (page does not exist)">Diez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau-Hadamar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau-Hadamar">Hadamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau-Dillenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau-Dillenburg">Dillenburg</a> <small>(until 1664)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Oldenburg" title="County of Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Overijssel" title="Lordship of Overijssel">Overijssel</a> <small>(until 1548)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Pyrmont" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Pyrmont">Pyrmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Ravensberg" title="County of Ravensberg">Ravensberg</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordship_of_Reichenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lordship of Reichenstein (page does not exist)">Reichenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Rietberg" title="County of Rietberg">Rietberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm-Reifferscheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Salm-Reifferscheid">Salm-Reifferscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayn" title="Sayn">Sayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Schaumburg" title="County of Schaumburg">Schaumburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tecklenburg" title="County of Tecklenburg">Tecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Virneburg" title="County of Virneburg">Virneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Wied" title="County of Wied">Wied</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordship_of_Winneburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lordship of Winneburg (page does not exist)">Winneburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Beilstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Lordship of Beilstein">Beilstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Zutphen" title="County of Zutphen">Zutphen</a> <small>(until 1548)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">From 1792</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anholt,_Netherlands" title="Anholt, Netherlands">Anholt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Blankenheim_and_Gerolstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Blankenheim and Gerolstein (page does not exist)">Blankenheim and Gerolstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemen" title="Gemen">Gemen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordship_of_Gimborn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lordship of Gimborn (page does not exist)">Gimborn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Gronsfeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Gronsfeld (page does not exist)">Gronsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Hallermund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Hallermund (page does not exist)">Hallermund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Holzappel" title="County of Holzappel">Holzappel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Kerpen-Lommersum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Kerpen-Lommersum (page does not exist)">Kerpen-Lommersum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Myllendonk" title="Lordship of Myllendonk">Myllendonk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Reckheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Reckheim (page does not exist)">Reckheim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Schleiden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Schleiden (page does not exist)">Schleiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Wickrath" title="Lordship of Wickrath">Wickrath</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lordship_of_Wittem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lordship of Wittem (page does not exist)">Wittem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Utrecht" title="Lordship of Utrecht">Utrecht</a> <small>(until 1548)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Status<br />uncertain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Delmenhorst" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Delmenhorst">Delmenhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Fagnolle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Fagnolle (page does not exist)">Fagnolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Schauenburg_and_Holstein" title="Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein">Schaumburg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schaumburg-Hesse" class="mw-redirect" title="Schaumburg-Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Schaumburg-Lippe" title="Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe">Lippe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Spiegelberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Spiegelberg (page does not exist)">Spiegelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Steinfurt" title="County of Steinfurt">Steinfurt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Aachen" title="Free Imperial City of Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Cologne" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Imperial City of Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a><sup><small>?</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a><sup><small>?</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verden_an_der_Aller" class="mw-redirect" title="Verden an der Aller">Verden</a> <small>(until 1648)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warburg" title="Warburg">Warburg</a><sup><small>?</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> from 1648 <span class="nowrap">   </span> <sup><small>2</small></sup> until 1648 <span class="nowrap">   </span> <sup><small>3</small></sup> without seat in <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Diet</a> <span class="nowrap">   </span> <sup><small>?</small></sup> status uncertain <p>Circles est. 1500: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Circle" title="Bavarian Circle">Bavarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Circle" title="Swabian Circle">Swabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish</a>, <b>Lower Rhenish–Westphalian</b>, <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_Circle" title="Lower Saxon Circle">(Lower) Saxon</a> </p> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>Circles est. 1512: <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_Circle" title="Upper Saxon Circle">Upper Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Rhenish_Circle" title="Electoral Rhenish Circle">Electoral Rhenish</a>  </li><li>  <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_outside_the_Imperial_Circles" title="Territories of the Holy Roman Empire outside the Imperial Circles">Unencircled territories</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_flag_and_hourglass.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/Dutch_flag_and_hourglass.png/30px-Dutch_flag_and_hourglass.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/Dutch_flag_and_hourglass.png/45px-Dutch_flag_and_hourglass.png 1.5x, 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You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=County_of_Horne&action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Netherlands-hist-stub" title="Template:Netherlands-hist-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Netherlands-hist-stub" title="Template talk:Netherlands-hist-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Netherlands-hist-stub" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Netherlands-hist-stub"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1012311289"><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle; background:transparent; color:inherit"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hourglass_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hourglass icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/23px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/35px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/46px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></span></span>  </td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> history-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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