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ecology</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: breeding ecology"> <meta name="keywords" content="breeding ecology"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="breeding ecology"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 737</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: breeding ecology</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">737</span> Domestic and Foreign Terrorism: Evaluation of the Breeding Ground</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20K.%20Hung">T. K. Hung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terrorism acts have occurred across both developed and developing states, with well-identified motivation and causes. For many years, terrorism eradication has become a major topic yet only passive actions were taken in response to acts. The linkage between the location of terrorism occurrence and breeding ground is not well-documented, resulting in the passive approach used in counter-terrorism nowadays. The evaluation investigates all post-9/11 terrorism affairs considering their state capacity, safety, ease of border access control, religion diversity, and technology access, to measure the level of breeding ground of the states. Those "weak" states with poor border access control, resources capacity and domestic safety are the best breeding ground for terrorists. Although many attacks were caused by religious motivation, religion diversity does not predict the breeding ground. States with censored technology access, particular computer-mediated communication, predict on the terrorism breeding ground, moderated by the level of breeding ground of neighboring states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counter-terrorism" title="counter-terrorism">counter-terrorism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lethality" title=" lethality"> lethality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61656/domestic-and-foreign-terrorism-evaluation-of-the-breeding-ground" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">736</span> Breeding Biology and Induced Breeding Status of Freshwater Mud Eel, Monopterus cuchia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faruque%20Miah">Faruque Miah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafij%20Ali"> Hafij Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enaya%20Jannat"> Enaya Jannat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanmoy%20Modok%20Shuvra"> Tanmoy Modok Shuvra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Niamul%20Naser"> M. Niamul Naser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, breeding biology and induced breeding of freshwater mud eel, Monopterus cuchia was observed during the experimental period from February to June, 2013. Breeding biology of freshwater mud eel, Monopterus cuchia was considered in terms of gonadosomatic index, length-weight relationship of gonad, ova diameter and fecundity. The ova diameter was recorded from 0.3 mm to 4.30 mm and the individual fecundity was recorded from 155 to 1495 while relative fecundity was found from 2.64 to 12.45. The fecundity related to body weight and length of fish was also discussed. A peak of GSI was observed 2.14±0.2 in male and 5.1 ±1.09 in female. Induced breeding of freshwater mud eel, Monopterus cuchia was also practiced with different doses of different inducing agents like pituitary gland (PG), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and Ovuline-a synthetic hormone in different environmental conditions. However, it was observed that the artificial breeding of freshwater mud eel, Monopterus cuchia was not yet succeeded through inducing agents in captive conditions, rather the inducing agent showed negative impacts on fecundity and ovarian tissues. It was seen that mature eggs in the oviduct were reduced, absorbed and some eggs were found in spoiled condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20biology" title="breeding biology">breeding biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induced%20breeding" title=" induced breeding"> induced breeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monopterus%20cuchia" title=" Monopterus cuchia"> Monopterus cuchia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20chorionic%20gonadotropin" title=" human chorionic gonadotropin"> human chorionic gonadotropin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22005/breeding-biology-and-induced-breeding-status-of-freshwater-mud-eel-monopterus-cuchia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">774</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">735</span> Nuances of Urban Ecology in the Present Global Scenario: Scope, Issues, Challenges and Implications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meenakshi%20Pappu">Meenakshi Pappu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The term, 'urban ecology' has often been misconstrued by the educational practitioners as well as the researchers as a study under a single discipline i.e., the environmental sciences. One who has done research extensively in this study would always argue that urban ecology is not a study under a single discipline, but it is a study across disciplines such as social sciences and other sciences like architecture, engineering, planning, ecology, geography, biology, economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology and health sciences. The aim of this paper is to discuss at length the scope of Urban Ecology as an interdisciplinary study. The paper highlights the nuances of urban ecology as a study across disciplines and the challenges and the implications it holds for future research by conducting a qualitative survey in the particular areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20practitioners" title="educational practitioners">educational practitioners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interdisciplinary" title=" interdisciplinary"> interdisciplinary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=researchers" title=" researchers"> researchers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20ecology" title=" urban ecology"> urban ecology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60758/nuances-of-urban-ecology-in-the-present-global-scenario-scope-issues-challenges-and-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">734</span> The Study of Ecological Seabirds in Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Baaloudj">A. Baaloudj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Samraoui"> F. Samraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Samraoui"> B. Samraoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have been studied the reproductive ecology and dispersal of Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis for three years 2009-2011. The study of the breeding ecology of the species was undertaken at the Srigina Island (Skikda). The mean clutch size was 2.64±0.62, 2.49±0.72 and 2.37±0.77eggsin the three study years 2009-2011 respectively. Hatching success was similar for the first two years of study (53% in 2009and 54% in 2010) but significantly lower in the third year (27% in 2011). The same trend was found for the fledging success, it was 33% and 32% in 2009and 2010respectivelyandonly 14% in 2011. Cannibalism and predation by cats were the two likely causes of low reproductive success in the third year. Regarding the species dispersal, we started a banding program of the yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis michahellis in 2009, the first scheme of its kind in North Africa. Banding of chicks was initiated at Skikda and extended, a year later, to four other colonies located along the Algerian coast. Preliminary analysis of ringed yellow-legged gulls from Algerian colonies indicates that juveniles dispersed in a north-westerly direction to the Balearic Sea, the Bay of Biscay, the Alboran Sea and the western Atlantic coast from the Bay of Cadiz to the Galician shores. Preliminary data suggested two distinct routes: gulls from the eastern North African colonies moved N/NW to eastern Spain and overland to the Bay of Biscay, a pattern of dispersal previously reported for birds from Spanish and French western Mediterranean colonies. Juveniles from western colonies seemed also to move N/NW to the Alboran Sea and the Bay of Cadiz. In Spain, where most of the dispersal took place, data suggested that Algerian gulls occupied coastal areas which are used as aestivating refuges before returning to North Africa in late autumn and winter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20ecology" title="breeding ecology">breeding ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20dynamic" title=" population dynamic"> population dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersal" title=" dispersal"> dispersal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yellow-legged%20gull%20larus%20michahellis" title=" yellow-legged gull larus michahellis"> yellow-legged gull larus michahellis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20bird" title=" sea bird"> sea bird</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banding%20scheme" title=" banding scheme"> banding scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srigina" title=" Srigina"> Srigina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algeria" title=" Algeria"> Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38050/the-study-of-ecological-seabirds-in-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">733</span> Population Ecology of the House Rat (Rattus rattus) in Rural Human Dwelling of Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surrya%20Khanam">Surrya Khanam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the population characteristics of pest species is crucial to develop suitable management plans. The present study was aimed to determine the population ecology of House rat (Rattus rattus) in rural human dwellings of Pothwar, Pakistan. Seasonal rodent trapping was conducted in four villages of Pothwar area from March 2012 to February 2014. A total of 217 individuals of R.rattus were captured from houses, shops, and farm houses. There was no significant difference in the abundance of species across different trapping seasons. The species sex ratio was unbiased and did not differ significantly from 1:1 at all the sites and across all the trapping seasons. The population of R. Rattus had individuals of different age groups, viz., juvenile, sub adults and adults. Overall, more adult individuals were captured in spring and summer season. Breeding activity was continuous throughout the year and reproductively active individuals relatively outnumbered inactive individuals. The results showed that village indoor habitats provided a suitable habitat for rat populations all the year round. The information obtained from this study will be helpful in the development of control strategies for R. rattus populations in commensal habitats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title="ecology">ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20pests" title=" indoor pests"> indoor pests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rattus%20rattus" title=" Rattus rattus"> Rattus rattus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population%20characteristics" title=" population characteristics"> population characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102167/population-ecology-of-the-house-rat-rattus-rattus-in-rural-human-dwelling-of-pothwar-plateau-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">732</span> Spatial Ecology of an Endangered Amphibian Litoria Raniformis within Modified Tasmanian Landscapes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Garvey">Timothy Garvey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Don%20Driscoll"> Don Driscoll</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within Tasmania, the growling grass frog (Litoria raniformis) has experienced a rapid contraction in distribution. This decline is primarily attributed to habitat loss through landscape modification and improved land drainage. Reductions in seasonal water-sources have placed increasing importance on permanent water bodies for reproduction and foraging. Tasmanian agricultural and commercial forestry landscapes often feature small artificial ponds, utilized for watering livestock and fighting wildfires. Improved knowledge of how L. raniformis may be exploiting anthropogenic ponds is required for improved conservation management. We implemented telemetric tracking in order to evaluate the spatial ecology of L. raniformis (n = 20) within agricultural and managed forestry sites, with tracking conducted periodically over the breeding season (November/December, January/February, March/April). We investigated (1) potential differences in habitat utilization between agricultural and plantation sites, and (2) the post-breeding dispersal of individual frogs. Frogs were found to remain in close proximity to ponds throughout November/December, with individuals occupying vegetative depauperate water bodies beginning to disperse by January/February. Dispersing individuals traversed exposed plantation understory and agricultural pasture land in order to enter patches of native scrubland. By March/April all individuals captured at minimally vegetated ponds had retreated to adjacent scrub corridors. Animals found in ponds featuring dense riparian vegetation were not recorded to disperse. No difference in behavior was recorded between sexes. Rising temperatures coincided with increased movement by individuals towards native scrub refugia. The patterns of movement reported in this investigation emphasize the significant contribution of manmade water-bodies towards the conservation of L. raniformis within modified landscapes. The use of natural scrubland as cyclical retreats between breeding seasons also highlights the importance of the continued preservation of remnant vegetation corridors. Loss of artificial dams or buffering scrubland in heavily altered landscapes could see the breakdown of the greater L. raniformis meta-population further threatening their regional persistence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=habitat%20loss" title="habitat loss">habitat loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20landscapes" title=" modified landscapes"> modified landscapes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20ecology" title=" spatial ecology"> spatial ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telemetry" title=" telemetry"> telemetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111463/spatial-ecology-of-an-endangered-amphibian-litoria-raniformis-within-modified-tasmanian-landscapes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">731</span> Crop Breeding for Low Input Farming Systems and Appropriate Breeding Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baye%20Berihun%20Getahun">Baye Berihun Getahun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulugeta%20Atnaf%20Tiruneh"> Mulugeta Atnaf Tiruneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20G.%20F.%20Visser"> Richard G. F. Visser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Resource-poor farmers practice low-input farming systems, and yet, most breeding programs give less attention to this huge farming system, which serves as a source of food and income for several people in developing countries. The high-input conventional breeding system appears to have failed to adequately meet the needs and requirements of 'difficult' environments operating under this system. Moreover, the unavailability of resources for crop production is getting for their peaks, the environment is maltreated by excessive use of agrochemicals, crop productivity reaches its plateau stage, particularly in the developed nations, the world population is increasing, and food shortage sustained to persist for poor societies. In various parts of the world, genetic gain at the farmers' level remains low which could be associated with low adoption of crop varieties, which have been developed under high input systems. Farmers usually use their local varieties and apply minimum inputs as a risk-avoiding and cost-minimizing strategy. This evidence indicates that the conventional high-input plant breeding system has failed to feed the world population, and the world is moving further away from the United Nations' goals of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition. In this review, we discussed the rationality of focused breeding programs for low-input farming systems and, the technical aspect of crop breeding that accommodates future food needs and its significance for developing countries in the decreasing scenario of resources required for crop production. To this end, the application of exotic introgression techniques like polyploidization, pan-genomics, comparative genomics, and De novo domestication as a pre-breeding technique has been discussed in the review to exploit the untapped genetic diversity of the crop wild relatives (CWRs). Desired recombinants developed at the pre-breeding stage are exploited through appropriate breeding approaches such as evolutionary plant breeding (EPB), rhizosphere-related traits breeding, and participatory plant breeding approaches. Populations advanced through evolutionary breeding like composite cross populations (CCPs) and rhizosphere-associated traits breeding approach that provides opportunities for improving abiotic and biotic soil stress, nutrient acquisition capacity, and crop microbe interaction in improved varieties have been reviewed. Overall, we conclude that low input farming system is a huge farming system that requires distinctive breeding approaches, and the exotic pre-breeding introgression techniques and the appropriate breeding approaches which deploy the skills and knowledge of both breeders and farmers are vital to develop heterogeneous landrace populations, which are effective for farmers practicing low input farming across the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20input%20farming" title="low input farming">low input farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20plant%20breeding" title=" evolutionary plant breeding"> evolutionary plant breeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20cross%20population" title=" composite cross population"> composite cross population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20plant%20breeding" title=" participatory plant breeding"> participatory plant breeding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186881/crop-breeding-for-low-input-farming-systems-and-appropriate-breeding-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">730</span> Ecological Investigations for the Control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Selected Study Districts of Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sohail%20Sajid">Muhammad Sohail Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdullah%20Malik"> Muhammad Abdullah Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saqib"> Muhammad Saqib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiz%20Ahmad%20Raza"> Faiz Ahmad Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Akram"> Waseem Akram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aedes (Ae.) aegypti, the vector of pathogens of one health significance, has gained currency over the last decade. The present study reports the prevalence of A. aegypti larvae in indoor and outdoor niches from the three districts of different agro-geo-climatic zones of Punjab, including Chakwal (north), Faisalabad (central), and Dera Ghazi Khan (south). Mosquito larvae were collected, preserved, and transferred for identification. The relevant data were collected on a predesigned questionnaire. Stegomyia indices, including House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI), and Container Index (CI), were calculated. The association of different breeding containers with the prevalence of Ae. aegypti larvae were estimated through Chi-square analysis. The highest Stegomyia indices were calculated in Chakwal (HI = 46.61%, BI = 91.67%, and CI = 15.28%) as compared to Faisalabad (HI = 34.11%, BI = 68.75% and, CI = 13.04%) and DG Khan (HI = 28.39%, BI = 68.23% and, CI = 11.29%), respectively. Irrespective of the geographical area, earthen jars, water tanks, and tree holes were found to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the abundance of Ae. aegypti larvae. However, tires and plastic bottles in Faisalabad and DG Khan while flower tubs and plastic buckets in Faisalabad and Chakwal were found to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the larval abundance. The results are a maiden attempt to correlate the magnitude of Ae. aegypti larvae in various microclimatic niches of Punjab, Pakistan, which might help in policy-making for preventive management of the menace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aedes%20aegypti" title="Aedes aegypti">Aedes aegypti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title=" ecology"> ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20habitats" title=" breeding habitats"> breeding habitats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stegomyia%20indices" title=" Stegomyia indices"> Stegomyia indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20containers" title=" breeding containers"> breeding containers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155110/ecological-investigations-for-the-control-of-aedes-aegypti-diptera-culicidae-in-the-selected-study-districts-of-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">729</span> New Strategy for Breeding of Artemisia annua L. for a Sustainable Production of the Antimalarial Drug Artemisinin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadali%20Babaeian%20Jelodar">Nadali Babaeian Jelodar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chan%20Lai%20Keng"> Chan Lai Keng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20Bhatt"> Arvind Bhatt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laleh%20Bordbar"> Laleh Bordbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leow%20E%20Shuen"> Leow E Shuen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaruzaman%20Mohamed"> Kamaruzaman Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently artemisinin (the endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone) has received considerable attention because of its antimalarial activity. It is isolated from the aerial part of the Artemisia annua L. Artemisinin is very difficult to synthesise also its production by mean of cell, tissue or organ cultures is very low. Presently, only its extraction from A. annua L. plants remains the only source of the drug. The reported yield of artemisinin from leaves of A. annua L. is very low and unstable, with yields typically less than 1% of leaf dry weight. To increase the percentage of artemisinin, researchers have been engaged in developing new varieties. A review concerning the breeding of A. annua L. is presented. The aim of this review is to bring together most of the available scientific research papers about the breeding conducted on the genus A. annua L., which is currently scattered across various publications. Through this review the authors hope to attract the attention of breeders throughout the world to focus on the unexplored potential of A. annua L. species. Also the future scope of this plant has been emphasized with a view of the importance of breeding of A. annua L. for increasing of artemisinin content. By releasing of new cultivar of A. annua L. and cultivation of this plant offers the opportunity to optimize yield and achieve a uniform, high quality product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artemisia%20annua%20L." title="Artemisia annua L.">Artemisia annua L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding" title=" breeding"> breeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artemisinin" title=" artemisinin"> artemisinin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivation" title=" cultivation"> cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plant" title=" medicinal plant"> medicinal plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9710/new-strategy-for-breeding-of-artemisia-annua-l-for-a-sustainable-production-of-the-antimalarial-drug-artemisinin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">728</span> Assessment of Breeding Soundness by Comparative Radiography and Ultrasonography of Rabbit Testes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adenike%20O.%20Olatunji-Akioye">Adenike O. Olatunji-Akioye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanual%20B%20Farayola"> Emmanual B Farayola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to improve the animal protein recommended daily intake of Nigerians, there is an upsurge in breeding of hitherto shunned food animals one of which is the rabbit. Radiography and ultrasonography are tools for diagnosing disease and evaluating the anatomical architecture of parts of the body non-invasively. As the rabbit is becoming a more important food animal, to achieve improved breeding of these animals, the best of the species form a breeding stock and will usually depend on breeding soundness which may be evaluated by assessment of the male reproductive organs by these tools. Four male intact rabbits weighing between 1.2 to 1.5 kg were acquired and acclimatized for 2 weeks. Dorsoventral views of the testes were acquired using a digital radiographic machine and a 5 MHz portable ultrasound scanner was used to acquire images of the testes in longitudinal, sagittal and transverse planes. Radiographic images acquired revealed soft tissue images of the testes in all rabbits. The testes lie in individual scrotal sacs sides on both sides of the midline at the level of the caudal vertebrae and thus are superimposed by caudal vertebrae and the caudal limits of the pelvic girdle. The ultrasonographic images revealed mostly homogenously hypoechogenic testes and a hyperechogenic mediastinum testis. The dorsal and ventral poles of the testes were heterogeneously hypoechogenic and correspond to the epididymis and spermatic cord. The rabbit is unique in the ability to retract the testes particularly when stressed and so careful and stressless handling during the procedures is of paramount importance. The imaging of rabbit testes can be safely done using both imaging methods but ultrasonography is a better method of assessment and evaluation of soundness for breeding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20soundness" title="breeding soundness">breeding soundness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rabbit" title=" rabbit"> rabbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiography" title=" radiography"> radiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonography" title=" ultrasonography"> ultrasonography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105470/assessment-of-breeding-soundness-by-comparative-radiography-and-ultrasonography-of-rabbit-testes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">727</span> Pathology of the Partridge Gambra Alectoris barbara in a Semi-Captive Breeding in the Algiers Sahel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Saadi-Idouhar">H. Saadi-Idouhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Smai"> A. Smai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zenia"> S. Zenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Haddadj"> F. Haddadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Saadi"> A. Saadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Aissi"> M. Aissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Doumandji"> S. Doumandji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Algeria, the Partridge gambra is a highly sought-after game species and is appreciated for its meat. Game birds are of interest because they play an important role for hunting federations and for the economy of a country. The breeding of indigenous breeds is necessary because it is of great economic interest. However, gambra breeding in the hunting centre of Zeralda (northern west of Algiers) is not easy, several diseases affecting Perdreaux and reproducing adults have been noted. Most of the diseases observed are parasitic in origin. This study is conducted during the 2010 breeding season. It is based on the autopsy of cadavers collected at the hunting centre and parasitic coprology. Indeed, the flotation enrichment method has identified several parasites such as Eimeria spp., Capillaria spp., and Ascaridia spp. Autopsied corpses show the importance of two major diseases, syngamosis caused to Syngamus trachea and histomonosis caused to Histomonas meleagridis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partridge" title="partridge">partridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock" title=" livestock"> livestock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eggs" title=" eggs"> eggs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affections%20pathology" title=" affections pathology"> affections pathology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101106/pathology-of-the-partridge-gambra-alectoris-barbara-in-a-semi-captive-breeding-in-the-algiers-sahel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">726</span> Analysis of Persian Fallow Deer Semen Parameters in Breeding and Non-Breeding Seasons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Ghasemzadeh-Nava">Hamid Ghasemzadeh-Nava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behrang%20Ekrami"> Behrang Ekrami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Persian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica) is belonging to the family Cervidae and is only found in a few protected areas in the northwest, north, and southwest of Iran. The aims of this study were the analysis of inbreeding and morphometric parameters of semen in male Persian fallow deer to investigate the cause of reduced fertility of this endangered species in Dasht-e-Naz National Refuge, Sari, Iran. The Persian fallow deer semen was collected from four adult bucks randomly during the breeding and non-breeding season from five dehorned and horned deer's by using a ram electroejaculator. The post-mating season collected ejaculates contained abnormal spermatozoa, debris and secretion of accessory glands in horned bucks and accessory glands secretion free of any spermatozoa in dehorned or early velvet budding bucks. Many dag defect abnormalities observed in all samples may be the cause of high rate of polymorphism because of small primary herd size of Persian fallow deer in this area, so needs be evaluated genetically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroejaculator" title="electroejaculator">electroejaculator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persian%20fallow%20deer" title=" Persian fallow deer"> Persian fallow deer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20characteristics" title=" reproductive characteristics"> reproductive characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spermatozoa" title=" spermatozoa"> spermatozoa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37691/analysis-of-persian-fallow-deer-semen-parameters-in-breeding-and-non-breeding-seasons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">725</span> Effect of Urbanization on Basic Environmental Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sehba%20Saleem">Sehba Saleem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A country with a spread of only 2.4 percent of the total land surface area of the world, India is home to 17.5 percent of the world population. This fact is sufficient enough to delineate as well as simultaneously bringing to fore the paradox which exists between land and human population. It is evident that the relation which exists between both is an unequal one where the latter has the ability to multiply self, but the former remains constant. This unequal relation that exists has very significantly contributed to the depletion in the quality of land. This is because construction of every kind and nature has been forced on the land to assimilate the ever increasing population which has altered the not only the land but the environment which existed on the land. To get behind this alteration, it becomes imperative to delve into concepts like urbanization, ecology and their amalgam viz. urban ecology. The concept of urban ecology does not only involve study of buildings, flora, and fauna which exists in a given land space. It goes further into establishing a relation between construction on land and the consequent harm, which the same is causing to the environmental resources like air, water etc. This paper shall try cerebrating concepts of urbanization, ecology and urban ecology in the light of relation which exists between man and nature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetrical%20growth" title="asymmetrical growth">asymmetrical growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanisation" title=" urbanisation"> urbanisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20space" title=" urban space"> urban space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49633/effect-of-urbanization-on-basic-environmental-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">724</span> Breeding for Hygienic Behavior in Honey Bees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Eickermann">Michael Eickermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juergen%20Junk"> Juergen Junk </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Western honey (Apis mellifera) is threatened by a number of parasites, especially the devastating Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) is responsible for a high level of mortality over winter, e.g., in Europe and USA. While the use of synthetic pesticides or organic acids has been preferred so far to control this parasite, breeding strategies for less susceptible honey bees are in early stages. Hygienic behavior can be an important tool for controlling Varroa destructor. Worker bees with a high level of this behavior are able to detect infested brood in the cells under the wax lid during pupation and remove them out of the hive. The underlying processes of this behavior are only partly investigated, but it is for sure that hygienic behavior is heritable and therefore, can be integrated into commercial breeding lines. In a first step, breeding lines with a high level of phenotypic hygienic behavior have been identified by using a bioassay for accurate assessment of this trait in a long-term national breeding program in Luxembourg since 2015. Based on the artificial infestation of nucleus colonies with 150 phoretic Varroa destructor mites, the level of phenotypic hygienic behavior was detected by counting the number of mites in all stages, twelve days after infestation. A nucleus with a high level of hygienic behavior was overwintered and used for breeding activities in the following years. Artificial insemination was used to combine different breeding lines. Buckfast lines, as well as Carnica lines, were used. While Carnica lines offered only a low increase of hygienic behavior up to maximum 62.5%, Buckfast lines performed much better with mean levels of more than 87.5%. Some mating ends up with a level of 100%. But even with a level of 82.5% Varroa mites are not able to reproduce in the colony anymore. In a final step, a nucleus with a high level of hygienic behavior were build up to full colonies and located at two places in Luxembourg to build up a drone congregation area. Local beekeepers can bring their nucleus to this location for mating the queens with drones offering a high level of hygienic behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agiculture" title="agiculture">agiculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20insemination" title=" artificial insemination"> artificial insemination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey%20bee" title=" honey bee"> honey bee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varroa%20destructor" title=" varroa destructor"> varroa destructor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110555/breeding-for-hygienic-behavior-in-honey-bees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">723</span> Reproductive Biology of Chirruh Snowtrout (Schizothorax Esocinus) from River Swat, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waheed%20Akhtar">Waheed Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current study, we aim to access the different month-wise reproductive biology of S. esocinus. Samples were collected from Rive Swat in the period of March 2022 to March 2023. Samples were collected using different gills nets of different sizes. Gonado Somatic Index and fecundity were studied using gravimetric to identify the breeding season and reproductive potential. The highest GSI was recorded in the month of April and November. Male to female ratio was in balance. The weight of the fish, size of the fish and ovary were parallel to the fecundity. This is the baseline study for the breeding biology of S. esocinus and further molecular study is required to identify the internal and external factors associated with the breeding biology of S. esocinus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snow%20trout" title="snow trout">snow trout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=length%20and%20weight%20relationship" title=" length and weight relationship"> length and weight relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecundity" title=" fecundity"> fecundity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20Swat" title=" river Swat"> river Swat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166732/reproductive-biology-of-chirruh-snowtrout-schizothorax-esocinus-from-river-swat-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">722</span> Performance and Breeding Potency of Local Buffalo in Kangean Island, Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nurgiartiningsih">A. Nurgiartiningsih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Ciptadi"> G. Ciptadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Siswijono"> S. B. Siswijono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research was done to identify the performance and breeding potency of Local Buffalo in Kangean Island, Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia. Materials used were buffalo and farmer in Kangean Island. Method used was survey with purposive sampling method. Qualitative trait and existing breeding system including the type of production system were directly observed. Quantitative trait consisted of chest girth, body weight and wither height were measured and recorded. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance applying software GENSTAT 14. Results showed the purposes of buffalo breeding in Kangean Island were for production of calves, saving, religion tradition, and buffalo racing. The combination between grazing and cut and carry system were applied in Kangean Island. Forage, grass and agricultural waste product were available abundantly especially, during the wet season. Buffalo in Kangean Island was categorized as swamp buffalo with 48 chromosomes. Observation on qualitative trait indicated that there were three skin color types: gray (81.25%), red (10.42%) and white/albino (8.33%). Analysis on quantitative trait showed that there was no significant difference between male and female buffalo. The performance of male buffalo was 132.56 cm, 119.33 cm and 174.11 cm, for the mean of body length, whither height and chest girth, respectively. The performance of female buffalo were 129.8 cm, 114.0 cm and 166.2 cm, for mean of body length, wither height and chest girth (CG), respectively. The performance of local buffalo in Kangean Island was categorized well. Kangean Island could be promoted as center of buffalo breeding and conservation. For optimal improvement of population number and its genetics value, government policy in buffalo breeding program should be implemented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromosome" title="chromosome">chromosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20trait" title=" qualitative trait"> qualitative trait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20trait" title=" quantitative trait"> quantitative trait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swamp%20buffalo" title=" swamp buffalo"> swamp buffalo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39570/performance-and-breeding-potency-of-local-buffalo-in-kangean-island-sumenep-east-java-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">721</span> The Economic Value of Mastitis Resistance in Dairy Cattle in Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caleb%20B.%20Sagwa">Caleb B. Sagwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20O.%20Okeno"> Tobias O. Okeno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20K.%20Kahi"> Alexander K. Kahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dairy cattle production plays an important role in the Kenyan economy. However, high incidences of mastitis is a major setback to the productivity in this industry. The current dairy cattle breeding objective in Kenya does not include mastitis resistance, mainly because the economic value of mastitis resistance has not been determined. Therefore this study aimed at estimating the economic value of mastitis resistance in dairy cattle in Kenya. Initial input parameters were obtained from literature on dairy cattle production systems in the tropics. Selection index methodology was used to derive the economic value of mastitis resistance. Somatic cell count (SCC) was used an indicator trait for mastitis resistance. The economic value was estimated relative to milk yield (MY). Economic values were assigned to SCC in a selection index such that the overall gain in the breeding goal trait was maximized. The option of estimating the economic value for SCC by equating the response in the trait of interest to its index response was considered. The economic value of mastitis resistance was US $23.64 while maximum response to selection for MY was US $66.01. The findings of this study provide vital information that is a pre-requisite for the inclusion of mastitis resistance in the current dairy cattle breeding goal in Kenya. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=somatic%20cell%20count" title="somatic cell count">somatic cell count</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20quality" title=" milk quality"> milk quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=payment%20system" title=" payment system"> payment system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20goal" title=" breeding goal"> breeding goal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85175/the-economic-value-of-mastitis-resistance-in-dairy-cattle-in-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">720</span> Discrete Breeding Swarm for Cost Minimization of Parallel Job Shop Scheduling Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Aboueldahab">Tarek Aboueldahab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Farag"> Hanan Farag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parallel Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSP) is a multi-objective and multi constrains NP- optimization problem. Traditional Artificial Intelligence techniques have been widely used; however, they could be trapped into the local minimum without reaching the optimum solution, so we propose a hybrid Artificial Intelligence model (AI) with Discrete Breeding Swarm (DBS) added to traditional Artificial Intelligence to avoid this trapping. This model is applied in the cost minimization of the Car Sequencing and Operator Allocation (CSOA) problem. The practical experiment shows that our model outperforms other techniques in cost minimization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20job%20shop%20scheduling%20problem" title="parallel job shop scheduling problem">parallel job shop scheduling problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20breeding%20swarm" title=" discrete breeding swarm"> discrete breeding swarm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=car%20sequencing%20and%20operator%20allocation" title=" car sequencing and operator allocation"> car sequencing and operator allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20minimization" title=" cost minimization"> cost minimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132701/discrete-breeding-swarm-for-cost-minimization-of-parallel-job-shop-scheduling-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">719</span> Advances in Sesame Molecular Breeding: A Comprehensive Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micheale%20Yifter%20Weldemichael">Micheale Yifter Weldemichael</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is among the most important oilseed crops for its high edible oil quality and quantity. Sesame is grown for food, medicinal, pharmaceutical, and industrial uses. Sesame is also cultivated as a main cash crop in Asia and Africa by smallholder farmers. Despite the global exponential increase in sesame cultivation area, its production and productivity remain low, mainly due to biotic and abiotic constraints. Notwithstanding the efforts to solve these problems, a low level of genetic variation and inadequate genomic resources hinder the progress of sesame improvement. The objective of this paper is, therefore, to review recent advances in the area of molecular breeding and transformation to overcome major production constraints and could result in enhanced and sustained sesame production. This paper reviews various researches conducted to date on molecular breeding and genetic transformation in sesame focusing on molecular markers used in assessing the available online database resources, genes responsible for key agronomic traits as well as transgenic technology and genome editing. The review concentrates on quantitative and semi-quantitative studies on molecular breeding for key agronomic traits such as improvement of yield components, oil and oil-related traits, disease and insect/pest resistance, and drought, waterlogging and salt tolerance, as well as sesame genetic transformation and genome editing techniques. Pitfalls and limitations of existing studies and methodologies used so far are identified and some priorities for future research directions in sesame genetic improvement are identified in this review. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abiotic%20stress" title="abiotic stress">abiotic stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotic%20stress" title=" biotic stress"> biotic stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement"> improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20breeding" title=" molecular breeding"> molecular breeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sesame" title=" sesame"> sesame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shattering" title=" shattering"> shattering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187714/advances-in-sesame-molecular-breeding-a-comprehensive-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">36</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> Agroecology Techniques in Palestine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rima%20Younis">Rima Younis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agro-ecology is considered one of the agricultural approaches that is spreading across the world due to the practical solutions it provides that are in harmony with nature. These solutions target many agricultural problems, food production issues, and climate change. Agriculture and fertile soil in particular, play a vital role when it comes to food security and climate change. The organic substances, which mainly consist of carbon, in the soil contribute to the ecological system through 4 elements: Resistance to soil erosion, conserving water in soil, increasing soil fertility, and improving the biodiversity in it. Any small changes to the carbon storage in soil have a tremendous impact on both agricultural productivity and the greenhouse gas cycle, which is what agro-ecology aims to achieve. The importance of agro-ecology lies here, as it helps increase organic matter/carbon in the soil, on an ongoing basis, 15-20 times higher than nature’s rate in producing organic matter. Agro-ecology is set to increase the production of crops free of chemicals, develop organic matter, and establish carbon in soil, thus being a factor in limiting climate change, not just mitigating or adapting. Under the events of the rapid increase in population and the need to feed humans, agro-ecology stands in the first place as it surpasses the productivity of chemical agriculture per unit area, according to international and local experience. The introduction of agro-ecology to Palestine started 15 years ago, with modest beginnings faced with a lot of criticism and opposition, but is currently experiencing rapid growth among farmers and is becoming accepted among specialists. Even though the number of agro-ecologist farmers is still small, it reflects a state of turnover into a more sustainable, less polluting agriculture that works on renewing life and the elements of nature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toward%20to%20solidarity%20economy" title="toward to solidarity economy">toward to solidarity economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20sovereignty" title=" food sovereignty"> food sovereignty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20introduction%20of%20agro-ecology%20to%20Palestine" title=" the introduction of agro-ecology to Palestine"> the introduction of agro-ecology to Palestine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20importance%20of%20agro-ecology" title=" the importance of agro-ecology"> the importance of agro-ecology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191529/agroecology-techniques-in-palestine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> Sleep Ecology, Sleep Regulation and Behavior Problems in Maltreated Preschoolers: A Scoping Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabrina%20Servot">Sabrina Servot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annick%20St-Amand"> Annick St-Amand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Rousseau"> Michel Rousseau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valerie%20Simard"> Valerie Simard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evelyne%20Touchette"> Evelyne Touchette</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Child maltreatment has a profound impact on children’s development. In its victims, internalizing and externalizing problems are highly prevalent, and sleep problems are common. Furthermore, the environment they live in is often disorganized, lacking routine and consistency. In non-maltreated children, several studies documented the important role of sleep regulation and sleep ecology. A poor sleep ecology (e.g., lack of sleep hygiene and bedtime routine, inappropriate sleeping location) may lead to sleep regulation problems (e.g., short sleep duration, nocturnal awakenings), and sleep regulation problems may increase the risk of behavior problems. Therefore, this scoping review aims to map evidence about sleep ecology and sleep regulation and the associations between sleep ecology, sleep regulation, and behavior problems in maltreated preschoolers. Literature from 1993 was searched in PsycInfo, Pubmed, Medline, Eric, and Proquest Dissertations and Theses. Articles and thesis were comprehensively reviewed based upon inclusion/exclusion criteria: 1) it concerns maltreated children aged 1-5 years, and 2) it addresses at least one of the following: sleep ecology, sleep regulation, and/or their associations with behavior problems in maltreated preschoolers. From the 650 studies screened, nine of them were included. Data were charted according to study characteristics, nature of variable documented, measures, analyses performed, and results of each study, then synthesized in a narrative summary. The main results show all included articles were quantitative. Foster children samples were used in four studies, children experienced different types of maltreatment in six studies, while one was specifically about sexually abused children. Regarding sleep ecology, only one study describing maltreated preschoolers’ sleep ecology was found, while seven studies documented sleep regulation. Among these seven studies, 17 different sleep variables (e.g., parasomnia, dyssomnia, total 24-h sleep duration) were used, each study documenting from one to nine of them. Actigraphic measures were employed in three studies, the others used parent-reported questionnaires or sleep diaries. Maltreated children’s sleep was described and/or compared to non-maltreated children’s sleep, or an intervention group, showing mild differences. As for associations between sleep regulation and behavior problems, five studies investigated it and performed correlational or linear regression analyses between sleep and behavior problems, revealing some significant associations. No study was found about associations between sleep ecology and sleep regulation, between sleep ecology and behavior problems, or between these three variables. In conclusion, literature about sleep ecology, sleep regulation, and their associations with behavior problems are far more scarce in maltreated preschoolers than in non-maltreated ones. At present, there is especially a paucity of research about sleep ecology and the association between sleep ecology and sleep regulation in maltreated preschoolers, while studies on non-maltreated children showed sleep ecology plays a major role in sleep regulation. In addition, as sleep regulation is measured in many different ways among the studies, it is difficult to compare their findings. Finally, it seems necessary that research fill these gaps, as recommendations could be made to clinicians working with maltreated preschoolers regarding the use of sleep ecology and sleep regulation as intervention tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maltreated%20preschoolers" title="maltreated preschoolers">maltreated preschoolers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20ecology" title=" sleep ecology"> sleep ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20regulation" title=" sleep regulation"> sleep regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20problems" title=" behavior problems"> behavior problems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131448/sleep-ecology-sleep-regulation-and-behavior-problems-in-maltreated-preschoolers-a-scoping-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Estimating Interdependence of Social Statuses in a Cooperative Breeding Birds through Mathematical Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sinchan%20Ghosh">Sinchan Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Al%20Basir"> Fahad Al Basir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santanu%20Ray"> Santanu Ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabyasachi%20Bhattacharya"> Sabyasachi Bhattacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cooperatively breeding birds have two major ranks for the sexually mature birds. The breeders mate and produce offspring while the non-breeding helpers increase the chick production rate through help in mate-finding and allo-parenting. However, the chicks also cooperate to raise their younger siblings through warming, defending and food sharing. Although, the existing literatures describes the evolution of allo-parenting in birds but do not differentiate the significance of allo-parenting in sexually immature and mature helpers separately. This study addresses the significance of both immature and mature helpers’ contribution to the total sustainable bird population in a breeding site using Blue-tailed bee-eater as a test-bed species. To serve this purpose, a mathematical model has been built considering each social status and chicks as separate but interactive compartments. Also, to observe the dynamics of each social status with changing prey abundance, a prey population has been introduced as an additional compartment. The model was analyzed for stability condition and was validated using field-data. A simulation experiment was then performed to observe the change in equilibria with a varying helping rate from both the helpers. The result from the simulation experiment suggest that the cooperative breeding population changes its population sizes significantly with a change in helping rate from the sexually immature helpers. On the other hand, the mature helpers do not contribute to the stability of the population equilibrium as much as the immature helpers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blue-tailed%20bee%20eater" title="Blue-tailed bee eater">Blue-tailed bee eater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altruism" title=" Altruism"> Altruism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathematical%20Ethology" title=" Mathematical Ethology"> Mathematical Ethology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behavioural%20modelling" title=" Behavioural modelling"> Behavioural modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123120/estimating-interdependence-of-social-statuses-in-a-cooperative-breeding-birds-through-mathematical-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> Identification of Breeding Objectives for Begait Goat in Western Tigray, North Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hagos%20Abraham">Hagos Abraham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solomon%20Gizaw"> Solomon Gizaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengistu%20Urge"> Mengistu Urge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A sound breeding objective is the basis for genetic improvement in overall economic merit of farm animals. Begait goat is one of the identified breeds in Ethiopia, which is a multipurpose breed as it serves as source of cash income and source of food (meat and milk). Despite its importance, no formal breeding objectives exist for Begait goat. The objective of the present study was to identify breeding objectives for the breed through two approaches: using own-flock ranking experiment and developing deterministic bio-economic models as a preliminary step towards designing sustainable breeding programs for the breed. In the own-flock ranking experiment, a total of forty five households were visited at their homesteads and were asked to select, with reasons, the first best, second best, third best and the most inferior does from their own flock. Age, previous reproduction and production information of the identified animals were inquired; live body weight and some linear body measurements were taken. The bio-economic model included performance traits (weights, daily weight gain, kidding interval, litter size, milk yield, kid mortality, pregnancy and replacement rates) and economic (revenue and costs) parameters. It was observed that there was close agreement between the farmers’ ranking and bio-economic model results. In general, the results of the present study indicated that Begait goat owners could improve performance of their goats and profitability of their farms by selecting for litter size, six month weight, pre-weaning kid survival rate and milk yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-economic%20model" title="bio-economic model">bio-economic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20parameters" title=" economic parameters"> economic parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=own-flock%20ranking" title=" own-flock ranking"> own-flock ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20traits" title=" performance traits"> performance traits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172942/identification-of-breeding-objectives-for-begait-goat-in-western-tigray-north-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> Enhancement of Genetic Diversity through Cross Breeding of Two Catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus) in Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Miah">M. F. Miah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Chakrabarty"> A. Chakrabarty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two popular and highly valued fish, Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) and Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus) are considered for observing genetic enhancement. Cross breeding was performed considering wild and farmed fish through inducing agent. Five RAPD markers were used to assess genetic diversity among parents and offspring of these two catfish for evaluating genetic enhancement in F1 generation. Considering different genetic data such as banding pattern of DNA, polymorphic loci, polymorphic information content (PIC), inter individual pair wise similarity, Nei genetic similarity, genetic distance, phylogenetic relationships, allele frequency, genotype frequency, intra locus gene diversity and average gene diversity of parents and offspring of these two fish were analyzed and finally in both cases higher genetic diversity was found in F1 generation than the parents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heteropneustes%20fossilis" title="Heteropneustes fossilis">Heteropneustes fossilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarias%20batrachus" title=" Clarias batrachus"> Clarias batrachus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20breeding" title=" cross breeding"> cross breeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20enhancement" title=" genetic enhancement"> genetic enhancement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82616/enhancement-of-genetic-diversity-through-cross-breeding-of-two-catfish-heteropneustes-fossilis-and-clarias-batrachus-in-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> Recent Advances of Isolated Microspore Culture Response in Durum Wheat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelikha%20Labbani">Zelikha Labbani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many biotechnology methods have been used in plant breeding programs. The in vitro isolated microspore culture is the one of these methods. For durum wheat, the use of this technology has been limited for a long time due to the low number of embryos produced and also most regeneration plants are albina. The objective of this paper is to show that using isolated microspores culture on durum wheat is possible due to the development of the new methods using the new pretreatment of the microspores before their isolation and cultivation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolated%20microspore%20culture" title="isolated microspore culture">isolated microspore culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pretreatments" title=" pretreatments"> pretreatments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20embryogenesis" title=" in vitro embryogenesis"> in vitro embryogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20breeding%20program" title=" plant breeding program "> plant breeding program </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18413/recent-advances-of-isolated-microspore-culture-response-in-durum-wheat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Industrial Ecology Perspectives of Food Supply Chains: A Framework of Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luciano%20Batista">Luciano Batista</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvia%20Saes"> Sylvia Saes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuno%20Fouto"> Nuno Fouto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liam%20Fassam"> Liam Fassam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces the theoretical and methodological basis of an analytical framework conceived with the purpose of bringing industrial ecology perspectives into the core of the underlying disciplines supporting analyses in studies concerned with environmental sustainability aspects beyond the product cycle in a supply chain. Given the pressing challenges faced by the food sector, the framework focuses upon waste minimization through industrial linkages in food supply chains. The combination of industrial ecology practice with basic LCA elements, the waste hierarchy model, and the spatial scale of industrial symbiosis allows the standardization of qualitative analyses and associated outcomes. Such standardization enables comparative analysis not only between different stages of a supply chain, but also between different supply chains. The analytical approach proposed contributes more coherently to the wider circular economy aspiration of optimizing the flow of goods to get the most out of raw materials and cuts wastes to a minimum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=by-product%20synergy" title="by-product synergy">by-product synergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20supply%20chain" title=" food supply chain"> food supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20ecology" title=" industrial ecology"> industrial ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20symbiosis" title=" industrial symbiosis"> industrial symbiosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20036/industrial-ecology-perspectives-of-food-supply-chains-a-framework-of-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> The White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) in the Wetlands of North East of Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20Beya%20Mammeria">Aicha Beya Mammeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idir%20Bitam"> Idir Bitam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our study focuses on the distribution of the white stork "Ciconia ciconia L. 1758" in the wetlands of El Tarf (North eastern of Algeria): recognized by its remarkable number of breeding pairs, monitoring of nesting, using a GPS has been performed in an attempt to explain the functioning of populations and population strategies for an overall design of its distribution, which has not so far been investigated in this region. Between 2012 and 2013, the number of breeding pairs has increased considerably from 174 in 1996 to 475 in 2007 and 968 in 2013. It should be noted that in the distribution of breeding pairs between 1996 and 2011, there is a significant development since the density of nests increased from 25.22 in 1996 to 84.16 couples/100 km² in 2013. More endemic bread apears in the region, this fluctuation is related to climatic change and changing season. Changes related to local climatic conditions might induce binding conditions for the development of this species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20stork" title="white stork">white stork</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ciconia%20ciconia" title=" Ciconia ciconia"> Ciconia ciconia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland%20El%20Tarf" title=" wetland El Tarf"> wetland El Tarf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northeast%20Algeria" title=" northeast Algeria"> northeast Algeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climatic%20changing" title=" climatic changing"> climatic changing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23717/the-white-stork-ciconia-ciconia-in-the-wetlands-of-north-east-of-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">710</span> Manganese Contamination Exacerbates Reproductive Stress in a Suicidally-Breeding Marsupial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ami%20Fadhillah%20Amir%20Abdul%20Nasir">Ami Fadhillah Amir Abdul Nasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20C.%20Niehaus"> Amanda C. Niehaus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skye%20F.%20Cameron"> Skye F. Cameron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20A.%20Von%20Hippel"> Frank A. Von Hippel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Postlethwait%E2%80%8B"> John Postlethwait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robbie%20S.%20Wilson"> Robbie S. Wilson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For suicidal breeders, the physiological stresses and energetic costs of breeding are fatal. Environmental stressors such as pollution should compound these costs, yet suicidal breeding is so rare among mammals that this is unknown. Here, we explored the consequences of metal contamination to the health, aging and performance of endangered, suicidally-breeding northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus) living near an active manganese mine on Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia. We found respirable manganese dust at levels exceeding international recommendations even 20km from mining sites and substantial accumulation of manganese within quolls’ hair, testes, and in two brain regions—the neocortex and cerebellum, responsible for sensory perception and motor function, respectively. Though quolls did not differ in sprint speeds, motor skill, or manoeuvrability, those with higher accumulation of manganese crashed at lower speeds during manoeuvrability tests, indicating a potential effect on sight or cognition. Immune function and telomere length declined over the breeding season, as expected with ageing, but manganese contamination exacerbated immune declines and suppressed cortisol. Unexpectedly, male quolls with higher levels of manganese had longer telomeres, supporting evidence of unusual telomere dynamics among Dasyurids—though whether this affects their lifespan is unknown. We posit that sublethal contamination via pollution, mining, or urbanisation imposes physiological costs on wildlife that may diminish reproductive success or survival. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecotoxicology" title="ecotoxicology">ecotoxicology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manganese" title=" manganese"> manganese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telomere%20length" title=" telomere length"> telomere length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cortisol" title=" cortisol"> cortisol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locomotor" title=" locomotor "> locomotor </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64831/manganese-contamination-exacerbates-reproductive-stress-in-a-suicidally-breeding-marsupial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">709</span> Incidence and Etiology of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea in the Region of Blida, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Dadda">A. Dadda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Khelef"> D. Khelef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ait-Oudia"> K. Ait-Oudia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Kaidi"> R. Kaidi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Neonatal calf diarrhea is the most important disease of neonatal calves and results in the greatest economic losses due to disease in this age group in both dairy and beef calves. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the morbidity and the mortality of neonatal diarrhea in dairy calves also to determine aetiology and risk factors were caused diarrhea in dairy veal under 60 days old. A total of 324 claves, housed in 30 dairy breeding were followed during two velage season from January to Juan 2013. The total mortality was 5,9% and was significantly higher in calves had less than 15 days of age. The incidence rate of diarrhea was 31,5% and peaked in the first two weeks after velage. The main causes were breeding controls, defect of passive immunity, old of calf, production season, and nutrient of pregnant cattle, veal’s housing and infectious agents. ELISA test on 22 fecal samples revealed that the 31, 82% of dairy breeding were infected, by cryptosporidium parvum in 13, 6% of study population, E.Coli F5 in 9% and Rotavirus with rate of 4, 5%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diarrhoea" title="diarrhoea">diarrhoea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neonatal" title=" neonatal"> neonatal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aetiology" title=" aetiology"> aetiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incidence" title=" incidence"> incidence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16257/incidence-and-etiology-of-neonatal-calf-diarrhea-in-the-region-of-blida-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">635</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">708</span> Effects of Jigsaw Strategy on Senior Secondary School Students’ Achievement in Ecology in Maitagari, Jigawa State, Nigeriaind Out the Effect of Jigsaw Strategy on Students’ Achievement in Ecology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozoji%20Bernadette">Ozoji Bernadette</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%E2%80%99Ad-Abdullahi%20Abdulhafiz"> Sa’Ad-Abdullahi Abdulhafiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izundu%20Chike%20Leo"> Izundu Chike Leo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the effect of Jigsaw strategy on senior secondary school students’ achievement in Maitagari, Jigawa State, Nigeria. The pre-test, post-test quasi experimental design was employed in the study. The sample for the study comprised 120 students from two public schools from the study area. An instrument namely, Ecological Achievement Test (EAT) was used to collect data from students. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. The EAT was validated by two experts, one, in Science Education unit and the other in Research, Measurement and Evaluation unit, both in the Faculty of Education, University of Jos, Nigeria. The reliability coefficient of the EAT was established as 0.85 using Kuder Richardson Formular 20. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer two research questions while Analysis of Covariance was used to test two hypotheses that guided the study. Results showed that students taught using jigsaw strategy achieved significantly better than their counterparts taught using the conventional method in ecology. Furthermore, it was revealed that gender had no significant influence on achievement of students exposed to jigsaw strategy. It was concluded that jigsaw strategy was effective in improving students’ achievement in ecology. The study recommended that teachers should incorporate jigsaw strategy into science classrooms for improved achievement outcome and gender equality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achievement" title="achievement">achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title=" ecology"> ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jigsaw%20strategy" title=" jigsaw strategy"> jigsaw strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lecture%20strategy" title=" lecture strategy"> lecture strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156037/effects-of-jigsaw-strategy-on-senior-secondary-school-students-achievement-in-ecology-in-maitagari-jigawa-state-nigeriaind-out-the-effect-of-jigsaw-strategy-on-students-achievement-in-ecology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20ecology&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20ecology&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20ecology&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20ecology&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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