CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135f7754d044485',cH: 'yZZWVHePDHsuDPfNjlgLOKjTJaP.aEaOZN55j_ZMJ08-1739797292-1.2.1.1-4CN0gGGiK0dRarPMIJeXwCyBFf35iDlSjARgkleF7QPimGiDBdUn0idOpRbL_RWN',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/39136\/the-lips-electric-propulsion-development-for-chinese-spacecraft?__cf_chl_tk=Lumcpjymya43YVtlPS4jZAw7YBFfn36LNb.u3JxsRC4-1739797292-1.0.1.1-HLxZ4XLT0nENqETqSTrvgFYMfhTAE9TD9aNZb2xljXQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739797292',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/39136\/the-lips-electric-propulsion-development-for-chinese-spacecraft?__cf_chl_f_tk=Lumcpjymya43YVtlPS4jZAw7YBFfn36LNb.u3JxsRC4-1739797292-1.0.1.1-HLxZ4XLT0nENqETqSTrvgFYMfhTAE9TD9aNZb2xljXQ",md: "GclVhrqZQ04bJelmvbqT85qHXgTjPg9SMv3ENNDTJ2I-1739797292-1.2.1.1-GZ_M1X5ySeDGJTgbLhjZnwvrvLo38UonLnKQicESwwzuA...m7rLosoUfL3eVnKyXDAOqVKvelGjwb9sWeMBpgnqTQMYfrXYBtLfayLw50K1vGmbHcg9ULUyXu46AvIvxem1BEa2T.4veezkdZxZ1PAaKd7pC0VIeeeoqqE1J1SrhBoS9VRyXSgSat6iLdtADTKz3XneInCvd4wG.g6kMJNkdpOWotcetzlwuKbavMkvlOtzC3f2TjWQjiBrACoqmchxHM.snKFGiEl1GqDlfT_KcutMzfpXUApR9qIXDfeMRY7VJSvCqnDdzibNzwcdb5Nc1yytVEdHgqaptTId4b1SwDaw8gAj.qOJbYc__MVDqncUPHkSoojgVkSLtL3x_sZu1tJ13dYaBX8RSTLIkO13RMJP3bjMTqW5M_OF44P0d.jlH0cA2PAOo4QDVm60J4Hht3KmsI7BOj7cxKgOu1NSwbcUkZvtT7TvyIlZYUHSrWW6evknzJIviCD9Moav97Yy.v7SUCDR8kLS0tDwqgR9KoIKePy2ex7ygcKiC_nJ0tj1fOWTdJqY_zuBFxkZv3AMQOKl1zMewnmM_2ZrrDcRX_84bs5jolUWNbUNalFh8QD0Nb0Er7kSw.5wTrNjLi9p8LU7dlU.4uetdDShCqKEtZU4SKC3bq8d8f_Y3gdA7ROyN8u_rgY0FUr18lQZUm6DbL_WrfJU1GPkE1vzgZqmb5pqebk5q7RW.38B8WEUYsZZfbSY1sVUKIzlfWN.JAQUmmPCxfsdni.S_nqH9WAJ4u4yhtCYbyjbn4px4fyoWnKNwg5UBZ6cB7iTsc80jKRXjNSdfO3lLBQhaXITAbz_qvlmi1GFkMREI5UF20OHK2K3zNJFuyad7fWgsRk9ao.o82fr1psfP_mNiATTA9Tu0XWiw4Y56HAb8xH9VNtZCObQ1rWpWU9XGLp8MqBuT.FqXnuV3FLTdpR1LzLytio2__rg7WegCpnOxSt.7flrGOYh6mxtminMg5lC1PgSn4R6mOPRcIGsDydu3ZqDpc7A6_Wg8FBRxnRiJ0ZVcujpwHtPUMpcUY4AJ.CNwLgO2IDmaoageZpzSiXkUMiXwCebphWqWK6m8BfySV3dyJyDAypV5ILiWHiOsJdd.vO9Okq5_ysDzhaZoJol8ceo2txsq22oCsVE.mROqVHQdsvZ2XpQdE4nPGPfSCyOrf7PwISPGVtE1ZDCACIPlI.uy8O7lKVNoPUV0ZAFZGtT0LWTkWKlDTBBv92HzFE0ZRlFG10V2A3GAwCp_tyl4SFkzEkUwIY6K.CQFidHll.dpsmCzPdo72VQaq6RnO7jn_5Nd8wU1RSgp9m7KRIcpq4BgeGGJVRi_vTwLfJMVL_NR_oTshvVUkoGAy_ZR_gYNayyhvfShf7pRK0hbkVOB5Gve4kWIa8C5.uasJ9HRGH8ZZocSM000ENjyPoJZ1UjnFmzHXsMnJw5kRf5.RlKSlYoYjORt3D7fTbHXZl7UwzN5Kbu1E.XHh1K45dAbka7_h_IYfoqRKQ.de8awSYZ60pxzRyF83u5rwGGcdjXeNmaaL003.shmyLggqvmeKCUUdJCjYi1l_P1REhrStAGtmOIL5HfRYvJ1hxFDRwz4gkVu0hNZMrWhXm..C.3jbT3kpSsJfkSd4E.hzmGnrLBT2gXD8D6vat9mWFNgjIUs.Tg.g1OJGL0U6ISk7kbAuZUGvjwLoVQ9OEql9geSeEn_2fOyGgSD0frqXQtjExTIyrsOv2rh.HqzN2krXVjHpRtDMWRujorz6eA2OTr6lwOe_Eh7n4S9GeHgjdvmBVlHaDFqEK6.mnVkO9bJy7u1MeM6oOAdr2VXwIw71jVU56JNut03DDRoL5KE_Uy66Dbe2lYJXpKzubi4jH7XXAP53CCn.myxwIFoaHccktj8cc5UnJ3p1k06ZUUIc1t4QmoQmVYnu4D1SfTvFeI3PONLFKp_R.00NCWwxyEKTOLh9cNWb10AD9DuNz9qhnfj24AKAVFpYdr2bLmgfzidakVeZkk_wb_pQe7iIUZPhVDhuEUuC9Ytw",mdrd: "N0tKMqL8P_dawhnZykTemR2SgsasCa57UWUXU_JueYU-1739797292-1.2.1.1-JbfX5OT2NomQexxo.SosO8WKWLZEopXn6YCVt_bOOQobU07_zfsUapUXh2LuFQ92vZH30E6YKKqxGmhZQaYiwEWlAsVpgBpX3jdt9fF20bkaG5CImPFe3TWCwStj53WMl7dFQP4zqnpLoMkFkRHl3RTnXSyWSqGPAp_DLrKlKNSzgdwqFj8z2_zib1vZQ29rZqU7Cm7w3nuLo737o_dEHuyG5LCoyUyCuUIW5OMyD5xxwVHtQc4v.PEA23jLYfUof7kuXowtiyz.drBue_smCjIgJ.4WfxcZ24cn2BZdM0HIER5pU7VHudgLFNImWVXkK9XgDtDsRinn.HRuHEPAoRHOnN5rSSMzzP.2mBrLcm67civ1UWY0RzEibOUCtaOVTFz9u_OKQM58RPssySgLKGlzOa4O00wCeJrcd0LTtwapVP.cVA1i0x9fR21.kcUb30CD2L8858xkhfAkrhMvT8thEg82vRIf1AeWcY8EIbtDQfF_LP8s61nISydtQfauWOJYdbDMJW4.gMV0WBesH76RnZm7zPdi6f858nm1Upa1YNTyF_j.KgQgHbT2hxNnZVZ2bjWUA0TbN84YmDsRySjYAhw0GSUTH8mGo60SUHJWIOaEC7zOZrwid7qE2gu7mhwkwjZP6eCGW6bQVAIMw2oU7ZTJkNLW2IKjmJDMg4qn4AaqiQB5hDQIloTYKckQ3GauDB.BseNiOa1X5n3RNXudrBI0Hztv439qByVCnIMmGJd2QdM3UOX3TMCAYDnMca1SW8IDvCRMM3nNiRDByjDIxnYFqCorx.Gce6Fw4IeaWjwKPf8nLZ2u8MOptSdErwEzks3psVJqAFMXA02DNNZGpMEa9rFJEVT2tuEer8q8D6Yh4LFp0z.YbERB8vrZa6hPyJGx_o8Zmaqo0QFVy6FCRu5FKVKyfjIEB8yno7fbQ9gw1wGgO_fZ6OlMpWp4zp2AQ2S9KMeg..C2zDb9B3YaTNEWymLyqjr_SArMpWXYR71jEyEvq0hBESdk70KwwWlEwtZqqzx8je_jvqx7VQ7pdmuFO_jjuKuYIIwnDA5HKOqCbydSykyicKOZ5rVtms9OjvU.toRvJh7y9tTNpFbWEKdPurcEE8jr8945LYg.nqDSbgb0PY_7KVLLwTHGm6ibqtBUpJoGIVh8qpO_hZBwuDtirbYVehFj79A3WqEXSIGQ4Pu2bDUMhpiMOXp4ddUnuCFhMssYtWhK4jgDfmyJdAym97zmtNoiRQpTdXijL3X3FHk3Ojj9I4NUYkibaicrU437A8wdzVZR0xVLhmELsoaJ7aZtFXv_3nqdnRyA2SH1AsbF.qSGWnG1dgYmCA5mVVVNtEs1eLTuwnAcfsw11Pb0LOU3w0CgTUEE5yc3.b.Gj.G.SR3sk9Q6WECsgF1JM5YdThEr01SEEjJKxSpBhhYwW0KLwjIjj6o8ZB.AZ7wihw9NeUTJLtgHHSNIngedWJpdl4LqQewqSBeCnvbKrc3RNCDmIgXNnSDBO._WYo18jY5.YaZbUDMD2H2UX3EyyWHKZ6dKUVaNpO_nAyev5roM2h7jLaBRdjCm4db4e7OJhPqUdNk2sPP4L_QONG37mO_x2q3uiweVQiiYY7MMaJKreuBzMlfKwPrRvuEk5fUCKcGvrEu6bSXA6_z9roKFYf0oLjozna_1deJoihB86k30M.4cR9UGbB7IQZ1QCYk9smb_JWehvyB7sDSSdwFkYRQuJ99GEVTG1gQrjspTs_euVfl5m9e_5ywi2Jzimeb3MglXMQhz7YgMr.h4ib.8U9b5.GaOzVz9.ylTcQqAjliHPrXaxKh4NAYmsClPl8zQKD3QnN.tUr.qUM29Sh_URWGHaQ7MGXFZX5QHCwxd7xeIOaaZOPHnTTCYX9CqC61NjvuqJQlVVQWM6j1XP.j00zoCwtmo0EJfh1LD.9AJFNR9auE.T5XWRaqI7LRHMFzB4YULSi4XTbEPlQ45"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135f7754d044485';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/39136\/the-lips-electric-propulsion-development-for-chinese-spacecraft?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Lumcpjymya43YVtlPS4jZAw7YBFfn36LNb.u3JxsRC4-1739797292-1.0.1.1-HLxZ4XLT0nENqETqSTrvgFYMfhTAE9TD9aNZb2xljXQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>