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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Restrictie-enzym</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 47 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="إنزيمات الاقتطاع – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنزيمات الاقتطاع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Рестрикционна ендонуклеаза – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рестрикционна ендонуклеаза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrikcijski_enzim" title="Restrikcijski enzim – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Restrikcijski enzim" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim_de_restricci%C3%B3" title="Enzim de restricció – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enzim de restricció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1" title="ئەنزیمی کەرتکەر – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەنزیمی کەرتکەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrik%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_endonukle%C3%A1za" title="Restrikční endonukleáza – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Restrikční endonukleáza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriktionsenzym" title="Restriktionsenzym – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Restriktionsenzym" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriktionsenzym" title="Restriktionsenzym – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Restriktionsenzym" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Περιοριστικές ενδονουκλεάσες – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιοριστικές ενδονουκλεάσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_enzyme" title="Restriction enzyme – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Restriction enzyme" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriktaj_enzimoj" title="Restriktaj enzimoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Restriktaj enzimoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima_de_restricci%C3%B3n" title="Enzima de restricción – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enzima de restricción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriktaasid" title="Restriktaasid – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Restriktaasid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murrizte-endonukleasa" title="Murrizte-endonukleasa – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Murrizte-endonukleasa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="اندونوکلئازهای محدودکننده – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اندونوکلئازهای محدودکننده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriktioentsyymi" title="Restriktioentsyymi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Restriktioentsyymi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_de_restriction" title="Enzyme de restriction – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enzyme de restriction" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encima_de_restrici%C3%B3n" title="Encima de restrición – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Encima de restrición" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94" title="אנזים הגבלה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנזים הגבלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrikcijski_enzimi" title="Restrikcijski enzimi – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Restrikcijski enzimi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrikci%C3%B3s_endonukle%C3%A1z" title="Restrikciós endonukleáz – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Restrikciós endonukleáz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռեստրիկտազներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեստրիկտազներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim_restriksi" title="Enzim restriksi – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Enzim restriksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deossiribonucleasi_II_(sito-specifica)" title="Deossiribonucleasi II (sito-specifica) – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Deossiribonucleasi II (sito-specifica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E9%99%90%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="制限酵素 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="制限酵素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim_Restriksi" title="Enzim Restriksi – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Enzim Restriksi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="რესტრიქციის ენდონუკლეაზები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რესტრიქციის ენდონუკლეაზები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%9C_%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C" title="제한 효소 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제한 효소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Рестрикционен ензим – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рестрикционен ензим" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="റെസ്ട്രിക്ഷൻ എൻഡോന്യൂക്ലിയേസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റെസ്ട്രിക്ഷൻ എൻഡോന്യൂക്ലിയേസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriksjonsenzym" title="Restriksjonsenzym – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Restriksjonsenzym" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriksjonsenzym" title="Restriksjonsenzym – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Restriksjonsenzym" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzymy_restrykcyjne" title="Enzymy restrykcyjne – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Enzymy restrykcyjne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzima_de_restri%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Enzima de restrição – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Enzima de restrição" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzim%C4%83_de_restric%C8%9Bie" title="Enzimă de restricție – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Enzimă de restricție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Эндонуклеазы рестрикции – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эндонуклеазы рестрикции" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrikcioni_enzim" title="Restrikcioni enzim – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Restrikcioni enzim" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_enzyme" title="Restriction enzyme – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Restriction enzyme" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrik%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_endonukle%C3%A1za" title="Restrikčná endonukleáza – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Restrikčná endonukleáza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrikcijski_encim" title="Restrikcijski encim – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Restrikcijski encim" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrikcioni_enzim" title="Restrikcioni enzim – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Restrikcioni enzim" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriktionsenzym" title="Restriktionsenzym – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Restriktionsenzym" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriksiyon_enzimi" title="Restriksiyon enzimi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Restriksiyon enzimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Ендонуклеази рестрикції – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ендонуклеази рестрикції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%92" title="اقتطاعی خامرے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اقتطاعی خامرے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzym_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_h%E1%BA%A1n" title="Enzym giới hạn – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Enzym giới hạn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E9%85%B6" title="限制酶 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="限制酶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p>Een <b>restrictie-enzym</b> of <b>restrictie-endonuclease</b> is een knip<a href="/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym">enzym</a> dat in staat is om op bepaalde plaatsen <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonucle%C3%AFnezuur" class="mw-redirect" title="Desoxyribonucleïnezuur">DNA</a> in stukken te knippen. Er zijn verschillende typen. Bv. type II volgt een bepaald <a href="/wiki/Palindroom" title="Palindroom">palindroom</a> van vier, zes of acht <a href="/wiki/Basepaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Basepaar">baseparen</a>. De knip kan scheef (<i>sticky ends</i>/"klevende einden") bijvoorbeeld <i>Eco</i> RI, of recht zijn (<i>blunt ends</i>/"stompe einden") bijvoorbeeld <i>Alu</i> I. Sticky Ends binden makkelijker. </p><p>Met de ontdekking van deze enzymen is de <a href="/wiki/Moleculaire_biologie" title="Moleculaire biologie">moleculaire biologie</a> begonnen. Daarnaast zijn er <b>restrictie-exonuclease</b> die het DNA van de uiteinden afknipt en daardoor niet van belang zijn voor <a href="/wiki/Genetische_modificatie" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetische modificatie">genetische modificatie</a> technieken. </p><p>Deze enzymen worden in bacteriën gevonden en hebben als <a href="/wiki/Functie_(biologie)" title="Functie (biologie)">functie</a> (gehad) dat <a href="/wiki/Bacteriofaag" title="Bacteriofaag">bacteriofagen</a> na injectie van hun genoom snel onschadelijk kunnen worden gemaakt door hun genoom in stukjes te knippen. Het bacterieel genoom wordt beschermd (bijvoorbeeld op bepaalde plaatsen gemethyleerd), zodat de knipenzymen daar niet knippen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naamgeving">Naamgeving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Restrictie-enzym&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Naamgeving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Restrictie-enzym&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Naamgeving"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er zijn veel <a href="/wiki/Bacteriestam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteriestam">bacteriestam</a>-specifieke restrictie-enzymen. Alleen bacteriofagen, die uit dezelfde bacteriestammen komen hebben de mogelijkheid de methylering te omzeilen en kunnen zich zo in de bacterie vermeerderen. De vermeerdering is dus beperkt tot deze stammen, vandaar de naam restrictie-enzym. </p><p>Elke restrictie-enzym herkent een specifiek stukje (sequentie) DNA. Er worden de volgende drie typen onderscheiden: </p> <ul><li><b>Type I</b> knipt het DNA op een willekeurige plaats ver van de herkenningsplaats.</li> <li><b>Type II</b> knipt het DNA binnen de herkenningsplaats.</li> <li><b>Type III</b> knipt het DNA ongeveer 20 tot 25 <a href="/wiki/Basepaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Basepaar">baseparen</a> van de herkenningsplaats verwijderd.</li></ul> <p>In het spraakgebruik wordt meestal met restrictie-enzym type II bedoeld, omdat de andere twee typen van minder belang zijn in de moleculaire biologie. De naam van een restrictie-enzym geeft de herkomst aan. Het enzym <b><i>Eco</i>RI</b> bijvoorbeeld is het eerst gevonden enzym uit de stam <i>Escherichia coli</i> R en <b><i>Alu</i>I</b> is het eerste enzym uit <i>Arthrobacter luteus</i>. Restrictie-enzymen die op dezelfde plaatsen knippen maar afkomstig zijn uit verschillende organismen worden <b>isoschizomeren</b> genoemd; knippen ze in dezelfde sequentie, maar zijn de knipeinden verschillend dan worden ze <b>neoschizomeren</b> genoemd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moleculaire_biologie">Moleculaire biologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Restrictie-enzym&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Moleculaire biologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Restrictie-enzym&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Moleculaire biologie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Met de ontdekking van de restrictie-enzymen is de <a href="/wiki/Moleculaire_biologie" title="Moleculaire biologie">moleculaire biologie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Genetische_modificatie" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetische modificatie">genetische modificatie</a> begonnen. Het werd toen mogelijk om specifieke DNA-stukjes te isoleren en deze om te vormen tot speciale <a href="/wiki/Genconstruct" title="Genconstruct">genconstructen</a>. Vooral restrictie-enzymen die klevende einden geven zijn zeer bruikbaar, omdat de overlappende einden makkelijk met elkaar binden. </p><p>Ook worden restrictie-enzymen gebruikt voor het vinden van SNP's (<a href="/wiki/Single_nucleotide_polymorphism" class="mw-redirect" title="Single nucleotide polymorphism">Single nucleotide polymorphismen</a>), hierdoor kan een <a href="/wiki/Allel" title="Allel">allel</a> uit het DNA geknipt worden. </p><p>Voor hun grondleggend onderzoek naar restrictie-enzymen en hun toepassing in de moleculaire biologie kregen <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Werner Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Hamilton Othanel Smith</a> in 1978 de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Fysiologie_of_Geneeskunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelprijs voor de Fysiologie of Geneeskunde">Nobelprijs voor de Fysiologie of Geneeskunde</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeelden">Voorbeelden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Restrictie-enzym&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Restrictie-enzym&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #aaa; border-collapse:collapse"> <tbody><tr> <th>Enzym </th> <th>Bron </th> <th class="unsortable">Herkenningsplaats </th> <th class="unsortable">Knipplaats </th> <th>Soort enzym </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoRI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EcoRI (de pagina bestaat niet)">EcoRI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GAATTC 3'CTTAAG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---G AATTC---3' 3'---CTTAA G---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoRII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EcoRII (de pagina bestaat niet)">EcoRII</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'CCWGG 3'GGWCC </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'--- CCWGG---3' 3'---GGWCC ---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=BamHI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BamHI (de pagina bestaat niet)">BamHI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bacillus_amyloliquefaciens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GGATCC 3'CCTAGG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---G GATCC---3' 3'---CCTAG G---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=HindIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HindIII (de pagina bestaat niet)">HindIII</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzae" title="Haemophilus influenzae">Haemophilus influenzae</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'AAGCTT 3'TTCGAA </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---A AGCTT---3' 3'---TTCGA A---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=TaqI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TaqI (de pagina bestaat niet)">TaqI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermus_aquaticus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermus aquaticus (de pagina bestaat niet)">Thermus aquaticus</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'TCGA 3'AGCT </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---T CGA---3' 3'---AGC T---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=NotI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NotI (de pagina bestaat niet)">NotI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nocardia_otitidis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nocardia otitidis (de pagina bestaat niet)">Nocardia otitidis</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GCGGCCGC 3'CGCCGGCG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---GC GGCCGC---3' 3'---CGCCGG CG---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=HinfI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HinfI (de pagina bestaat niet)">HinfI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzae" title="Haemophilus influenzae">Haemophilus influenzae</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GANTC 3'CTNAG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---G ANTC---3' 3'---CTNA G---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sau3A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sau3A (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sau3A</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus" title="Staphylococcus aureus">Staphylococcus aureus</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GATC 3'CTAG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'--- GATC---3' 3'---CTAG ---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=PovII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PovII (de pagina bestaat niet)">PovII*</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteus_vulgaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteus vulgaris (de pagina bestaat niet)">Proteus vulgaris</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'CAGCTG 3'GTCGAC </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---CAG CTG---3' 3'---GTC GAC---5' </pre> </td> <td>blunt </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=SmaI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SmaI (de pagina bestaat niet)">SmaI*</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serratia_marcescens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serratia marcescens (de pagina bestaat niet)">Serratia marcescens</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'CCCGGG 3'GGGCCC </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---CCC GGG---3' 3'---GGG CCC---5' </pre> </td> <td>blunt </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=HaeIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HaeIII (de pagina bestaat niet)">HaeIII*</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haemophilus_aegyptius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haemophilus aegyptius (de pagina bestaat niet)">Haemophilus aegyptius</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GGCC 3'CCGG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---GG CC---3' 3'---CC GG---5' </pre> </td> <td>blunt </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=HgaI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HgaI (de pagina bestaat niet)">HgaI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haemophilus_gallinarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haemophilus gallinarum (de pagina bestaat niet)">Haemophilus gallinarum</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GACGC 3'CTGCG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---NN NN---3' 3'---NN NN---5' </pre> </td> <td>blunt </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=AluI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AluI (de pagina bestaat niet)">AluI*</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthrobacter_luteus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthrobacter luteus (de pagina bestaat niet)">Arthrobacter luteus</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'AGCT 3'TCGA </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---AG CT---3' 3'---TC GA---5' </pre> </td> <td>blunt </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoRV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EcoRV (de pagina bestaat niet)">EcoRV*</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GATATC 3'CTATAG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---GAT ATC---3' 3'---CTA TAG---5' </pre> </td> <td>blunt </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoP15I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EcoP15I (de pagina bestaat niet)">EcoP15I</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'CAGCAGN<sub>25</sub>NN 3'GTCGTCN<sub>25</sub>NN </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---CAGCAGN<sub>25</sub>NN ---3' 3'---GTCGTCN<sub>25</sub> NN---5' </pre> </td> <td>3'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=KpnI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KpnI (de pagina bestaat niet)">KpnI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Klebsiella_pneumoniae" title="Klebsiella pneumoniae">Klebsiella pneumoniae</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GGTACC 3'CCATGG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---GGTAC C---3' 3'---C CATGG---5' </pre> </td> <td>3'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=PstI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PstI (de pagina bestaat niet)">PstI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Providencia_stuartii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Providencia stuartii (de pagina bestaat niet)">Providencia stuartii</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'CTGCAG 3'GACGTC </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---CTGCA G---3' 3'---G ACGTC---5' </pre> </td> <td>3'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=SacI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SacI (de pagina bestaat niet)">SacI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomyces_achromogenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Streptomyces achromogenes (de pagina bestaat niet)">Streptomyces achromogenes</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GAGCTC 3'CTCGAG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---GAGCT C---3' 3'---C TCGAG---5' </pre> </td> <td>3'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=SalI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SalI (de pagina bestaat niet)">SalI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomyces_albus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Streptomyces albus (de pagina bestaat niet)">Streptomyces albus</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GTCGAC 3'CAGCTG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---G TCGAC---3' 3'---CAGCT G---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ScaI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ScaI (de pagina bestaat niet)">ScaI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomyces_caespitosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Streptomyces caespitosus (de pagina bestaat niet)">Streptomyces caespitosus</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'AGTACT 3'TCATGA </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---AGT ACT---3' 3'---TCA TGA---5' </pre> </td> <td>blunt </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=SpeI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SpeI (de pagina bestaat niet)">SpeI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphaerotilus_natans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphaerotilus natans (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sphaerotilus natans</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'ACTAGT 3'TGATCA </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---A CTAGT---3' 3'---TGATC A---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=SphI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SphI (de pagina bestaat niet)">SphI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomyces_phaeochromogenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Streptomyces phaeochromogenes (de pagina bestaat niet)">Streptomyces phaeochromogenes</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'GCATGC 3'CGTACG </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---G CATGC---3' 3'---CGTAC G---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=StuI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="StuI (de pagina bestaat niet)">StuI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streptomyces_tubercidicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Streptomyces tubercidicus (de pagina bestaat niet)">Streptomyces tubercidicus</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'AGGCCT 3'TCCGGA </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---AGG CCT---3' 3'---TCC GGA---5' </pre> </td> <td>blunt </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=XbaI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XbaI (de pagina bestaat niet)">XbaI</a></td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanthomonas_badrii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xanthomonas badrii (de pagina bestaat niet)">Xanthomonas badrii</a></i> </td> <td> <pre>5'TCTAGA 3'AGATCT </pre> </td> <td> <pre>5'---T CTAGA---3' 3'---AGATC T---5' </pre> </td> <td>5'-sticky </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Legenda </p> <ul><li>N = C of G of T of A</li> <li>W = A of T</li> <li>Een <i>sticky</i> 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