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href="#Casting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Casting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Pre-production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Filming </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filming-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Filming subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Filming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commencement_in_Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commencement_in_Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Commencement in Norway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commencement_in_Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filming_at_Elstree_Studios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filming_at_Elstree_Studios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Filming at Elstree Studios </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filming_at_Elstree_Studios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_duel,_Dagobah,_and_conclusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_duel,_Dagobah,_and_conclusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 The duel, Dagobah, and conclusion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_duel,_Dagobah,_and_conclusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Post-production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_effects_and_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_effects_and_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Special effects and design </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_effects_and_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Release </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Release-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Release subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Context </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Credits_and_title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Credits_and_title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Credits and title </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Credits_and_title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Box_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Box office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Box_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Critical_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Critical response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Post-release </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-release-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Post-release subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Post-release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Special_Edition_and_other_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Edition_and_other_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Special Edition and other changes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Edition_and_other_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Home media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Other media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thematic_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thematic_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Thematic analysis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Thematic_analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Thematic analysis subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Thematic_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mythology_and_inspirations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology_and_inspirations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Mythology and inspirations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology_and_inspirations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duality_and_evil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duality_and_evil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Duality and evil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duality_and_evil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Critical_reassessment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_reassessment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Critical reassessment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_reassessment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Cultural influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sequels,_prequels,_and_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sequels,_prequels,_and_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sequels, prequels, and adaptations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sequels,_prequels,_and_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">The Empire Strikes Back</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" > 67 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3:_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حرب النجوم الجزء الخامس: الإمبراطورية تعيد الضربات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب النجوم الجزء الخامس: الإمبراطورية تعيد الضربات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_V:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%89_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D6%89_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%D4%B5%D5%BF_%D4%BF%D5%A8_%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A7" title="Աստղային Պատերազմներ։ Բաժին Ե։ Կայսրութիւնը Ետ Կը Հարուածէ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աստղային Պատերազմներ։ Բաժին Ե։ Կայսրութիւնը Ետ Կը Հարուածէ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_V_-_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C:_%D8%A8%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%DB%B5-%D8%AC%DB%8C_-_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="اولدوز ساواشلاری: بؤلوم ۵-جی - ایمپیراتور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اولدوز ساواشلاری: بؤلوم ۵-جی - ایمپیراتور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="দি এম্পায়ার স্ট্রাইকস ব্যাক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দি এম্পায়ার স্ট্রাইকস ব্যাক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B._%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4_V:_%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Зорныя войны. Эпізод V: Імперыя наносіць удар у адказ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зорныя войны. Эпізод V: Імперыя наносіць удар у адказ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B._%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4_V:_%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Зорныя войны. Эпізод V: Імпэрыя наносіць удар у адказ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зорныя войны. Эпізод V: Імпэрыя наносіць удар у адказ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8:_%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4_V_%E2%80%93_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Междузвездни войни: Епизод V – Империята отвръща на удара – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Междузвездни войни: Епизод V – Империята отвръща на удара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_V_%E2%80%93_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_episodi_V:_L%27Imperi_contraataca" title="Star Wars episodi V: L'Imperi contraataca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Star Wars episodi V: L'Imperi contraataca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Epizoda_V_%E2%80%93_Imp%C3%A9rium_vrac%C3%AD_%C3%BAder" title="Star Wars: Epizoda V – Impérium vrací úder – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Star Wars: Epizoda V – Impérium vrací úder" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_V:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_V:_Imperiet_sl%C3%A5r_igen" title="Star Wars Episode V: Imperiet slår igen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Star Wars Episode V: Imperiet slår igen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Imperium_schl%C3%A4gt_zur%C3%BCck" title="Das Imperium schlägt zurück – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Das Imperium schlägt zurück" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeeriumi_vastul%C3%B6%C3%B6k" title="Impeeriumi vastulöök – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Impeeriumi vastulöök" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9" title="Η Αυτοκρατορία Αντεπιτίθεται – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Η Αυτοκρατορία Αντεπιτίθεται" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episodio_V_-_El_Imperio_contraataca" title="Star Wars: Episodio V - El Imperio contraataca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Star Wars: Episodio V - El Imperio contraataca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_V:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_V._Atala:_Inperioaren_Kontraerasoa" title="Star Wars V. Atala: Inperioaren Kontraerasoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Star Wars V. Atala: Inperioaren Kontraerasoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF" title="امپراتوری ضربه می‌زند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتوری ضربه می‌زند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_V:_Imperii%C3%B0_svarar_aftur" title="Star Wars Episode V: Imperiið svarar aftur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Star Wars Episode V: Imperiið svarar aftur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars,_%C3%A9pisode_V_:_L%27Empire_contre-attaque" title="Star Wars, épisode V : L'Empire contre-attaque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Star Wars, épisode V : L'Empire contre-attaque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_V_%E2%80%93_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_V:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_imperio_contraataca" title="O imperio contraataca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="O imperio contraataca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%8A%B5" title="제국의 역습 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제국의 역습" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%89_%D4%B7%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%A4_V%D6%89_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D6%81%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_%D5%A7_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE" title="Աստղային պատերազմներ։ Էպիզոդ V։ Կայսրությունը հասցնում է պատասխան հարված – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստղային պատերազմներ։ Էպիզոդ V։ Կայսրությունը հասցնում է պատասխան հարված" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1_V:_%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95" title="स्टार वॉर्स एपिसोड V: द इंपायर स्ट्राइक्स बैक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्टार वॉर्स एपिसोड V: द इंपायर स्ट्राइक्स बैक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratovi_zvijezda_V:_Imperij_uzvra%C4%87a_udarac" title="Ratovi zvijezda V: Imperij uzvraća udarac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ratovi zvijezda V: Imperij uzvraća udarac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_V:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B6rnustr%C3%AD%C3%B0:_Gagn%C3%A1r%C3%A1s_keisarad%C3%A6misins" title="Stjörnustríð: Gagnárás keisaradæmisins – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjörnustríð: Gagnárás keisaradæmisins" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Impero_colpisce_ancora" title="L'Impero colpisce ancora – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="L'Impero colpisce ancora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A7_5:_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מלחמת הכוכבים - פרק 5: האימפריה מכה שנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת הכוכבים - פרק 5: האימפריה מכה שנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98,_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_V:_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ვარსკვლავური ომები, ეპიზოდი V: იმპერიის საპასუხო შეტევა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვარსკვლავური ომები, ეპიზოდი V: იმპერიის საპასუხო შეტევა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80:_%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4_V_-_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%9B%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Жұлдызды соғыстар: Эпизод V - Империяның кері соққысы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жұлдызды соғыстар: Эпизод V - Империяның кері соққысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_V:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvaig%C5%BE%C5%86u_kari:_Imp%C4%93rija_dod_atbildes_triecienu" title="Zvaigžņu kari: Impērija dod atbildes triecienu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zvaigžņu kari: Impērija dod atbildes triecienu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_V_-_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDvaig%C5%BEd%C5%BEi%C5%B3_karai:_epizodas_V_%E2%80%93_imperija_kontratakuoja" title="Žvaigždžių karai: epizodas V – imperija kontratakuoja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žvaigždžių karai: epizodas V – imperija kontratakuoja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_V._r%C3%A9sz_%E2%80%93_A_Birodalom_visszav%C3%A1g" title="Star Wars V. rész – A Birodalom visszavág – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Star Wars V. rész – A Birodalom visszavág" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_5:_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9C%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Војна на ѕвездите Епизода 5: Империјата го возвраќа ударот – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Војна на ѕвездите Епизода 5: Империјата го возвраќа ударот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3:_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حرب النجوم الجزء الخامس: الامبراطوريه تعيد الضربات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حرب النجوم الجزء الخامس: الامبراطوريه تعيد الضربات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_V_%E2%80%93_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_V:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars: Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Star Wars: Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA_%E3%82%A8%E3%83%94%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%895/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E9%80%86%E8%A5%B2" title="スター・ウォーズエピソード5/帝国の逆襲 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スター・ウォーズエピソード5/帝国の逆襲" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_V:_Imperiet_sl%C3%A5r_tilbake" title="Star Wars Episode V: Imperiet slår tilbake – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Star Wars Episode V: Imperiet slår tilbake" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulduzlar_jangi:_Saltanatning_javob_zarbasi" title="Yulduzlar jangi: Saltanatning javob zarbasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yulduzlar jangi: Saltanatning javob zarbasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwiezdne_wojny:_cz%C4%99%C5%9B%C4%87_V_%E2%80%93_Imperium_kontratakuje" title="Gwiezdne wojny: część V – Imperium kontratakuje – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gwiezdne wojny: część V – Imperium kontratakuje" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Epis%C3%B3dio_V_%E2%80%93_O_Imp%C3%A9rio_Contra-Ataca" title="Star Wars: Episódio V – O Império Contra-Ataca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Star Wars: Episódio V – O Império Contra-Ataca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiul_contraatac%C4%83" title="Imperiul contraatacă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Imperiul contraatacă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%91%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B._%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4_V:_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Звёздные войны. Эпизод V: Империя наносит ответный удар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Звёздные войны. Эпизод V: Империя наносит ответный удар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Episode_V:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hviezdne_vojny:_Epiz%C3%B3da_V_%E2%80%93_Imp%C3%A9rium_vracia_%C3%BAder" title="Hviezdne vojny: Epizóda V – Impérium vracia úder – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hviezdne vojny: Epizóda V – Impérium vracia úder" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojna_zvezd:_Epizoda_V_%E2%80%93_Imperij_vra%C4%8Da_udarec" title="Vojna zvezd: Epizoda V – Imperij vrača udarec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vojna zvezd: Epizoda V – Imperij vrača udarec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0:_%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_V_%E2%80%94_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9B%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Ратови звезда: Епизода V — Империја узвраћа ударац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ратови звезда: Епизода V — Империја узвраћа ударац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_V_%E2%80%93_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperiumin_vastaisku" title="Imperiumin vastaisku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Imperiumin vastaisku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rymdimperiet_sl%C3%A5r_tillbaka" title="Rymdimperiet slår tillbaka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rymdimperiet slår tillbaka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA_2" title="สตาร์ วอร์ส 2 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สตาร์ วอร์ส 2" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_Sava%C5%9Flar%C4%B1:_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCm_V_-_%C4%B0mparator" title="Yıldız Savaşları: Bölüm V - İmparator – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yıldız Savaşları: Bölüm V - İmparator" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8:_%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%94_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%83_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Зоряні війни: Імперія завдає удару у відповідь – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зоряні війни: Імперія завдає удару у відповідь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_5:_%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_ch%E1%BA%BF_ph%E1%BA%A3n_c%C3%B4ng" title="Star Wars 5: Đế chế phản công – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1980 film directed by Irvin Kershner</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the film. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="The Empire Strikes Back (disambiguation)">The Empire Strikes Back (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">The Empire Strikes Back</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(1980_film).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="This poster shows a montage of scenes from the movie. Dominating the background is the dark visage of Darth Vader; in the foreground, Luke Skywalker sits astride a tauntaun; Han Solo and Princess Leia gaze at each other while in a romantic embrace; Chewbacca, R2-D2, and C-3PO round out the montage."><img alt="This poster shows a montage of scenes from the movie. Dominating the background is the dark visage of Darth Vader; in the foreground, Luke Skywalker sits astride a tauntaun; Han Solo and Princess Leia gaze at each other while in a romantic embrace; Chewbacca, R2-D2, and C-3PO round out the montage." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3f/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_%281980_film%29.jpg/220px-The_Empire_Strikes_Back_%281980_film%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3f/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_%281980_film%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="396" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kastel" title="Roger Kastel">Roger Kastel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Irvin_Kershner" title="Irvin Kershner">Irvin Kershner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Brackett" title="Leigh Brackett">Leigh Brackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Story by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Kurtz" title="Gary Kurtz">Gary Kurtz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Dee_Williams" title="Billy Dee Williams">Billy Dee Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Daniels" title="Anthony Daniels">Anthony Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Prowse" title="David Prowse">David Prowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Baker_(English_actor)" title="Kenny Baker (English actor)">Kenny Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mayhew" title="Peter Mayhew">Peter Mayhew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Oz" title="Frank Oz">Frank Oz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Suschitzky" title="Peter Suschitzky">Peter Suschitzky</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hirsch_(film_editor)" title="Paul Hirsch (film editor)">Paul Hirsch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Lucasfilm Ltd.">Lucasfilm Ltd.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/20th_Century-Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century-Fox">20th Century-Fox</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release dates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>May 6, 1980 (1980-05-06) (<a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theatre" title="Dominion Theatre">Dominion Theatre</a>)</li> <li>May 21, 1980 (1980-05-21) (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">124 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$30.5 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$538–549 million<a href="#cite_note-6">[i]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Empire Strikes Back (also known as Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back) is a 1980 American <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">space opera</a> film directed by <a href="/wiki/Irvin_Kershner" title="Irvin Kershner">Irvin Kershner</a> from a screenplay by <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Brackett" title="Leigh Brackett">Leigh Brackett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a>, based on a story by <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>. The sequel to <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977),<a href="#cite_note-7">[ii]</a> it is the second film in the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> film series and the fifth chronological chapter of the "<a href="/wiki/Skywalker_Saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Skywalker Saga">Skywalker Saga</a>". Set three years after the events of Star Wars, the film recounts the battle between the malevolent <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_(Star_Wars)" title="Galactic Empire (Star Wars)">Galactic Empire</a>, led by the <a href="/wiki/Palpatine" title="Palpatine">Emperor</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Alliance" title="Rebel Alliance">Rebel Alliance</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Luke_Skywalker" title="Luke Skywalker">Luke Skywalker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Leia" title="Princess Leia">Princess Leia</a>. As the Empire goes on the offensive, Luke trains to master <a href="/wiki/The_Force" title="The Force">the Force</a> so he can confront the Emperor's powerful disciple, <a href="/wiki/Darth_Vader" title="Darth Vader">Darth Vader</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_cast" title="Ensemble cast">ensemble cast</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Dee_Williams" title="Billy Dee Williams">Billy Dee Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Daniels" title="Anthony Daniels">Anthony Daniels</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Prowse" title="David Prowse">David Prowse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Baker_(English_actor)" title="Kenny Baker (English actor)">Kenny Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mayhew" title="Peter Mayhew">Peter Mayhew</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Oz" title="Frank Oz">Frank Oz</a>. Following the success of Star Wars, Lucas hired Brackett to write the sequel. After she died in 1978, he outlined the whole Star Wars saga and wrote the next draft himself, before hiring <a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981) writer Kasdan to enhance his work. To avoid the stress he faced directing Star Wars, Lucas handed the responsibility to Kershner and focused on expanding his special effects company <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a> instead. Filmed from March to September 1979 in <a href="/wiki/Finse" title="Finse">Finse</a>, Norway, and at <a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios</a> in England, The Empire Strikes Back faced production difficulties, including actor injuries, illnesses, fires, and problems securing additional financing as costs rose. Initially budgeted at $8 million, costs had risen to $30.5 million by the project's conclusion. Released on May 21, 1980, the highly anticipated sequel became the <a href="/wiki/1980_in_film" title="1980 in film">highest-grossing film that year</a>, earning approximately $401.5 million worldwide. Unlike its lighthearted predecessor, Empire met with mixed reviews from critics, and fans were conflicted about its darker and more mature themes. The film was nominated for various awards and won <a href="/wiki/53rd_Academy_Awards" title="53rd Academy Awards">two Academy Awards</a>, <a href="/wiki/23rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="23rd Annual Grammy Awards">two Grammy Awards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/34th_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="34th British Academy Film Awards">a BAFTA</a>, among others. Subsequent releases have raised the film's worldwide gross to $538–549 million and, adjusted for inflation, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_Canada_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States">13th-highest-grossing film in the United States and Canada</a>. Since its release, The Empire Strikes Back has been critically reassessed and is now often regarded as the best film in the Star Wars series and among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">greatest films ever made</a>. It has had a significant impact on filmmaking and popular culture and is often considered an example of a sequel superior to its predecessor. The climax, in which Vader reveals he is Luke's father, is often ranked as one of the greatest <a href="/wiki/Plot_twist" title="Plot twist">plot twists</a> in cinema. The film spawned a variety of merchandise and adaptations, including video games and a radio play. The United States <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> selected it for preservation in the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> in 2010. <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983) followed Empire, concluding the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_original_trilogy" title="Star Wars original trilogy">original Star Wars trilogy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_prequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars prequel trilogy">Prequel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_sequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars sequel trilogy">sequel trilogies</a> have since been released. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot">edit</a>]</div> Three years after the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Death_Star" title="Death Star">Death Star</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[iii]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_(Star_Wars)" title="Galactic Empire (Star Wars)">Imperial</a> fleet, led by <a href="/wiki/Darth_Vader" title="Darth Vader">Darth Vader</a>, dispatches <a href="/wiki/Probe_droid" class="mw-redirect" title="Probe droid">probe droids</a> across the galaxy in search for the <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Alliance" title="Rebel Alliance">Rebel Alliance</a>. One probe locates the rebel base on the ice planet <a href="/wiki/Hoth" title="Hoth">Hoth</a>. While <a href="/wiki/Luke_Skywalker" title="Luke Skywalker">Luke Skywalker</a> is scouting near the base, a <a href="/wiki/Wampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Wampa">wampa</a> captures him before he can investigate a meteorite, but he escapes by using <a href="/wiki/The_Force" title="The Force">the Force</a> to retrieve his <a href="/wiki/Lightsaber" title="Lightsaber">lightsaber</a> and wound the beast. Before Luke succumbs to <a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">hypothermia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Force_spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Force spirit">Force spirit</a> of his deceased mentor, <a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi">Obi-Wan Kenobi</a>, instructs him to go to the swamp planet <a href="/wiki/Dagobah" title="Dagobah">Dagobah</a> to train as a <a href="/wiki/Jedi#Knight" title="Jedi">Jedi Knight</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Jedi_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="Jedi Master">Jedi Master</a> <a href="/wiki/Yoda" title="Yoda">Yoda</a>. <a href="/wiki/Han_Solo" title="Han Solo">Han Solo</a> discovers Luke and insulates him against the weather inside his deceased <a href="/wiki/Tauntaun" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauntaun">tauntaun</a> mount until they are rescued the next morning. Alerted to the Rebels' location, the Empire launches a large-scale attack using <a href="/wiki/AT-AT_walker" class="mw-redirect" title="AT-AT walker">AT-AT walkers</a>, forcing the Rebels to evacuate the base. Han, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Leia" title="Princess Leia">Princess Leia</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-3PO" title="C-3PO">C-3PO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chewbacca" title="Chewbacca">Chewbacca</a> escape aboard the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Falcon" title="Millennium Falcon">Millennium Falcon</a>, but the ship's <a href="/wiki/Hyperspace_(science_fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperspace (science fiction)">hyperdrive</a> malfunctions. They hide in an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_family" title="Asteroid family">asteroid field</a>, where Han and Leia grow closer amid the tension. Vader summons several bounty hunters, including <a href="/wiki/Boba_Fett" title="Boba Fett">Boba Fett</a>, to find the Falcon. Evading the Imperial fleet, Han's group travels to the floating Cloud City on the <a href="/wiki/Gas_giant" title="Gas giant">gas planet</a> <a href="/wiki/Bespin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bespin">Bespin</a>, which is governed by his old friend <a href="/wiki/Lando_Calrissian" title="Lando Calrissian">Lando Calrissian</a>. Fett tracks them there, and Vader forces Lando to surrender the group to the Empire, knowing Luke will come to their aid. Meanwhile, Luke travels with <a href="/wiki/R2-D2" title="R2-D2">R2-D2</a> in his <a href="/wiki/X-wing_fighter" title="X-wing fighter">X-wing fighter</a> to Dagobah, where he crash-lands. He meets Yoda, a diminutive creature who reluctantly accepts him as his Jedi apprentice after conferring with Obi-Wan's spirit. Yoda trains Luke to master the light side of the Force and resist negative emotions that will seduce him to the <a href="/wiki/Dark_side_of_the_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark side of the Force">dark side</a>, as they did Vader. Luke struggles to control his anger and impulsiveness and fails to comprehend the nature and power of the Force until he witnesses Yoda use it to levitate the X-wing from the swamp. Luke has a premonition of Han and Leia in pain and, despite Obi-Wan's and Yoda's protestations, abandons his training to rescue them. Although Obi-Wan believes Luke is their only hope, Yoda asserts that "there is another." Leia confesses her love for Han before Vader freezes him in <a href="/wiki/Carbonite_(Star_Wars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonite (Star Wars)">carbonite</a> to test whether the process will safely imprison Luke. Han survives and is given to Fett, who intends to collect his bounty from <a href="/wiki/Jabba_the_Hutt" title="Jabba the Hutt">Jabba the Hutt</a>. Lando frees Leia and Chewbacca, but they are too late to stop Fett's escape. The group fights its way back to the Falcon and flees the city. Luke arrives and engages Vader in a lightsaber duel over the city's central air shaft. Vader defeats Luke, severing his right hand and separating him from his lightsaber. He urges Luke to embrace the dark side and help him destroy his master, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Palpatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Palpatine">the Emperor</a>, so they may rule the galaxy together. Luke refuses, citing Obi-Wan's claim that Vader killed his father, prompting Vader to reveal that he is Luke's father. Distraught, Luke plunges down the air shaft and is ejected beneath the floating city, latching onto an antenna. He reaches out through the Force to Leia, and the Falcon returns to rescue him. They are attacked by <a href="/wiki/TIE_fighter" title="TIE fighter">TIE fighters</a> but narrowly evade capture by Vader's <a href="/wiki/Star_Destroyer" title="Star Destroyer">Star Destroyer</a> when R2-D2 repairs the Falcon's hyperdrive and the vessel escapes. After the group joins the rebel fleet, Luke's missing hand is replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Technology_in_Star_Wars#Prosthetics" title="Technology in Star Wars">robotic prosthesis</a>. He, Leia, C-3PO, and R2-D2 observe as Lando and Chewbacca depart on the Falcon to find Han.<a href="#cite_note-9">[iv]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_characters" title="List of Star Wars characters">List of Star Wars characters</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_cast_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Star Wars cast members">List of Star Wars cast members</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:411px;max-width:411px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:185px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Hamill_(48419236062)_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Mark Hamill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Mark_Hamill_%2848419236062%29_Cropped.jpg/132px-Mark_Hamill_%2848419236062%29_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Mark_Hamill_%2848419236062%29_Cropped.jpg/198px-Mark_Hamill_%2848419236062%29_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Mark_Hamill_%2848419236062%29_Cropped.jpg/264px-Mark_Hamill_%2848419236062%29_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="2388" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:185px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Harrison Ford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/131px-Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/197px-Harrison_Ford_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg 1.5x, 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data-file-height="2304" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a> (pictured in 2019), <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> (2017), and <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a> (2013)</div></div></div></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a> as Luke Skywalker: A pilot in the Rebel Alliance and apprentice Jedi<a href="#cite_note-CastWiredLuke-10">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> as Han Solo: A smuggler and captain of the Millennium Falcon<a href="#cite_note-CastBBCHan-11">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-CastQuartzHan-12">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a> as Leia Organa: A leader in the Rebel Alliance<a href="#cite_note-QuartzPrincessLeia-13">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Dee_Williams" title="Billy Dee Williams">Billy Dee Williams</a> as Lando Calrissian: The administrator of Cloud City<a href="#cite_note-VarietyWilliams-14">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Daniels" title="Anthony Daniels">Anthony Daniels</a> as C-3PO: A humanoid protocol droid<a href="#cite_note-CastSmithsonC3PO-15">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Prowse" title="David Prowse">David Prowse</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (voice) as Darth Vader: A powerful Sith Lord<a href="#cite_note-CastVarietyVader-16">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-CastInverseVader-17">[13]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mayhew" title="Peter Mayhew">Peter Mayhew</a> as Chewbacca: Han's loyal <a href="/wiki/Wookiee" title="Wookiee">Wookiee</a> friend and co-pilot<a href="#cite_note-CastReutersChewie-18">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-CastEWChewie-19">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Baker_(English_actor)" title="Kenny Baker (English actor)">Kenny Baker</a> as R2-D2: An astromech droid<a href="#cite_note-CastEmpireR2D2-20">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Oz" title="Frank Oz">Frank Oz</a> (puppeteer/voice) as Yoda: A diminutive, centuries-old Jedi Master<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-GRadarOthers-22">[18]</a></li></ul> The film also features <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> as Ben (Obi-Wan) Kenobi, and <a href="/wiki/John_Hollis" title="John Hollis">John Hollis</a> as Lobot, Lando's aide.<a href="#cite_note-BFICast-23">[19]</a> The Rebel force includes General Rieekan (portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Boa" title="Bruce Boa">Bruce Boa</a>),<a href="#cite_note-BFICast-23">[19]</a> Major Derlin (<a href="/wiki/John_Ratzenberger" title="John Ratzenberger">John Ratzenberger</a>),<a href="#cite_note-DeadlineCheers-24">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-StarWarsRatzenberger-25">[21]</a> Cal Alder (<a href="/wiki/Jack_McKenzie_(actor)" title="Jack McKenzie (actor)">Jack McKenzie</a>),<a href="#cite_note-StarWarsRatzenberger-25">[21]</a> Dak Ralter (<a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(actor)" title="John Morton (actor)">John Morton</a>),<a href="#cite_note-StarWarsRatzenberger-25">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-BusinessInsiderDak-26">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wedge_Antilles" title="Wedge Antilles">Wedge Antilles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Denis_Lawson" title="Denis Lawson">Denis Lawson</a>),<a href="#cite_note-BFICast-23">[19]</a> Zev Senesca (<a href="/wiki/Christopher_Malcolm" title="Christopher Malcolm">Christopher Malcolm</a>),<a href="#cite_note-TheRegisterZev-27">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-ArsTechicaZev-28">[24]</a> and Hobbie Klivian (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Oldfield" title="Richard Oldfield">Richard Oldfield</a>).<a href="#cite_note-EWHobbie-29">[25]</a> The Empire's forces include <a href="/wiki/Admiral_Piett" title="Admiral Piett">Admiral Piett</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Colley" title="Kenneth Colley">Kenneth Colley</a>), Admiral Ozzel (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Sheard" title="Michael Sheard">Michael Sheard</a>), <a href="/wiki/General_Veers" class="mw-redirect" title="General Veers">General Veers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Julian_Glover" title="Julian Glover">Julian Glover</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Captain_Needa" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Needa">Captain Needa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Culver" title="Michael Culver">Michael Culver</a>).<a href="#cite_note-BFICast-23">[19]</a> The Emperor is voiced by <a href="/wiki/Clive_Revill" title="Clive Revill">Clive Revill</a> and portrayed physically by Elaine Baker.<a href="#cite_note-I09YodaMonkey-30">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308-31">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[v]</a> The bounty hunter Boba Fett is portrayed physically by <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bulloch" title="Jeremy Bulloch">Jeremy Bulloch</a> and voiced by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Wingreen" title="Jason Wingreen">Jason Wingreen</a> (who remained uncredited until 2000).<a href="#cite_note-BFICast-23">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-NMEWingreen-33">[28]</a> Other bounty hunters include Dengar (portrayed by Morris Bush) and the humanoid lizard Bossk (Alan Harris).<a href="#cite_note-SyFyBossk-34">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOGDengar-35">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic#History" title="Industrial Light & Magic">History of Industrial Light & Magic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skywalker_Ranch" title="Skywalker Ranch">Founding of Skywalker Ranch</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Lucas_1986_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of George Lucas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Star Wars creator <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> (pictured in 1986) was thoroughly involved in The Empire Strikes Back but wanted to avoid the stress of serving as director again.</figcaption></figure> Following the unexpected financial success and cultural impact of <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977), a sequel was swiftly put into production.<a href="#cite_note-40">[a]</a> In case Star Wars had failed, creator <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> had contracted <a href="/wiki/Alan_Dean_Foster" title="Alan Dean Foster">Alan Dean Foster</a> to write a low-budget sequel (later released as the novel <a href="/wiki/Splinter_of_the_Mind%27s_Eye" title="Splinter of the Mind's Eye">Splinter of the Mind's Eye</a>).<a href="#cite_note-DOGBrackett-41">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-SYFYSplinter-42">[36]</a> Once the success of Star Wars was evident, Lucas was reluctant to direct the sequel because of the stress of making the first film and its impact on his health.<a href="#cite_note-45">[b]</a> The popularity of Star Wars brought Lucas wealth, fame and positive attention from the public, but it also brought negative attention in the form of threats and many requests for financial backing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler20102–3-36">[31]</a> Conscious that the sequel needed to exceed the original's scope—making it a bigger production—and that his production effects company <a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a> was relatively small and operating out of a makeshift office, Lucas considered selling the project to <a href="/wiki/20th_Century-Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century-Fox">20th Century-Fox</a> in exchange for a profit percentage.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesROTJ-43">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler20103-46">[39]</a> He had profited substantially from Star Wars and did not need to work, but was too invested in his creation to entrust it to others.<a href="#cite_note-49">[c]</a> Lucas had concepts for the sequel but no solid structure.<a href="#cite_note-DOGBrackett-41">[35]</a> He knew the story would be darker, would explore more mature themes and relationships, and would continue to explore the nature of the Force.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a> Lucas intended to fund the production independently, using his $12 million profit from Star Wars to relocate and expand his special effects company <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a> (ILM) and establish his <a href="/wiki/Skywalker_Ranch" title="Skywalker Ranch">Skywalker</a> <a href="/wiki/Movie_ranch" title="Movie ranch">movie ranch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin County, California</a>, with the remainder as collateral for a loan from <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a> for the film's $8 million budget.<a href="#cite_note-52">[d]</a> Fox had the right of first negotiation and refusal to participate in any potential sequel. Negotiations began in mid-1977 between the studio and Lucas's representatives. Fox had already given Lucas controlling interest in the series' merchandising and sequels because it had thought Star Wars would be worthless.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler20104-47">[40]</a> Terms were agreed quickly for the sequel compared to the original, in part because Fox executive <a href="/wiki/Alan_Ladd_Jr." title="Alan Ladd Jr.">Alan Ladd Jr.</a> had been supportive of the original and was eager for the sequel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201010,_190-53">[44]</a> The 100-page contract was signed on September 21, 1977, dictating that Fox would distribute the film but have no creative input, in exchange for 50% of the gross profits on the first $20 million earned, with the percentage increasing to 77.5% in the producers' favor if it exceeded $100 million. Filming had to begin by January 1979 for release on May 1, 1980.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201010,_11-54">[45]</a> The deal offered the possibility of significant financial gain for Lucas, but he risked financial ruin if the sequel failed.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005124-55">[46]</a> To mitigate some of the risk, Lucas founded The Chapter II Company to control the film's development and absorb its liabilities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201010,_30-56">[47]</a> He signed a contract between the company and Lucasfilm, granting himself 5% of the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_accounting" title="Hollywood accounting">box office gross profits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201058-57">[48]</a> He also founded Black Falcon to license Star Wars merchandising rights, using the income to subsidize his ongoing projects.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201054-58">[49]</a> Development for the sequel began in August 1977, under the title Star Wars Chapter II.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler20107-59">[50]</a> Lucas considered replacing producer <a href="/wiki/Gary_Kurtz" title="Gary Kurtz">Gary Kurtz</a> with <a href="/wiki/Howard_Kazanjian" title="Howard Kazanjian">Howard Kazanjian</a> because Kurtz had not fulfilled his role and left problems unresolved while filming Star Wars. Kurtz convinced him otherwise by trading on his longtime loyalty to Lucas and knowledge of the Star Wars property.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201034–35-60">[51]</a> Lucas took an executive producer role, enabling him to focus on his businesses and the development of <a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981).<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005122-61">[52]</a> By late 1977, Kurtz began hiring key crew members, including production designer <a href="/wiki/Norman_Reynolds" title="Norman Reynolds">Norman Reynolds</a>, consultant <a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(set_designer)" title="John Barry (set designer)">John Barry</a>, makeup artist <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Freeborn" title="Stuart Freeborn">Stuart Freeborn</a>, and first assistant director <a href="/wiki/David_Tomblin" title="David Tomblin">David Tomblin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201011,_51-62">[53]</a> Lucas rehired artists <a href="/wiki/Ralph_McQuarrie" title="Ralph McQuarrie">Ralph McQuarrie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Johnston" title="Joe Johnston">Joe Johnston</a> to maintain visual consistency with Star Wars, and the three began conceptualizing the Hoth battle in December.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201012,_31-63">[54]</a> By this point, the budget had increased to $10 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201030-64">[55]</a> Lucas wanted a director who would support the material and accept that he was ultimately in charge.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a> He considered around 100 directors, including <a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Badham" title="John Badham">John Badham</a>, before hiring his old acquaintance <a href="/wiki/Irvin_Kershner" title="Irvin Kershner">Irvin Kershner</a> in February 1978.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201034-65">[56]</a> Kershner was reluctant to direct the sequel to a film as successful as Star Wars, and his friends warned him against taking the job, believing he would be blamed if it failed.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckley1980-66">[57]</a> Lucas convinced Kershner it was not so much a sequel as a chapter in a larger story; he also promised him he could make the film his own way.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckley1980-66">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing">Writing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Writing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:267px;max-width:267px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:202px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Leigh_Brackett_1941.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Headshot of Leigh Brackett" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Leigh_Brackett_1941.JPG/125px-Leigh_Brackett_1941.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Leigh_Brackett_1941.JPG/188px-Leigh_Brackett_1941.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Leigh_Brackett_1941.JPG/250px-Leigh_Brackett_1941.JPG 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="739" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:202px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawrence_Kasdan_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Headshot of Lawrence Kasdan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lawrence_Kasdan_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/134px-Lawrence_Kasdan_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lawrence_Kasdan_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/201px-Lawrence_Kasdan_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lawrence_Kasdan_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/268px-Lawrence_Kasdan_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="2152" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Brackett" title="Leigh Brackett">Leigh Brackett</a> (in 1941) and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a> (2015). Brackett wrote the first draft of the Empire screenplay before her death in 1978. Lucas then wrote his own script, which he hired Kasdan to complete.</div></div></div></div> Lucas began formulating ideas in August 1977. These included the Emperor, Luke's lost sister, and an explanation of facial injuries Hamill had suffered from an accident after filming Star Wars (Lucas told Hamill that, had he died, his character would have been replaced, not recast).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler20107,_10-67">[58]</a> Hamill recounted being told the sister character might be Leia, which he found disappointing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPacker198017-68">[59]</a> Lucas had written Star Wars but did not enjoy developing lore for an original universe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201015-69">[60]</a> Science-fiction writer <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Brackett" title="Leigh Brackett">Leigh Brackett</a>, whom Lucas met through a friend, excelled in quick-paced dialogue. He hired her for $50,000, aware that she had cancer.<a href="#cite_note-71">[e]</a> Between November 28 and December 2, 1977, Lucas and Brackett held a story conference.<a href="#cite_note-DOGBrackett-41">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201015,_19-72">[62]</a> Lucas had core ideas in mind but wanted Brackett to piece them together.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201015-69">[60]</a> He envisioned one central plot complemented by three main subplots, set across 60 scenes, 100 script pages, and a two-hour runtime.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201019–21-73">[63]</a> They formed a general outline and ideas that included the Wookiee homeworld, new alien species, the Galactic Emperor, a gambler from Han's past, water and city planets, Luke's lost twin sister, and a diminutive, froglike creature, Minch Yoda.<a href="#cite_note-DOGBrackett-41">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201015,_19–21-74">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wired10Things-75">[65]</a> Lucas drew on influences including <a href="/wiki/The_Thing_from_Another_World" title="The Thing from Another World">The Thing from Another World</a> (1951), the novel <a href="/wiki/Dune_(novel)" title="Dune (novel)">Dune</a> (1965), and the television series <a href="/wiki/Flash_Gordon_(1954_TV_series)" title="Flash Gordon (1954 TV series)">Flash Gordon</a> (1954).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201019-76">[66]</a> Around this time, Kurtz conceived the title The Empire Strikes Back.<a href="#cite_note-78">[f]</a> He said they avoided calling it Star Wars II because films with "II" in their titles were seen as inferior.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a> Brackett completed her first draft in February 1978, titled Star Wars sequel, from the adventures of Luke Skywalker.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckley1980-66">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005123-70">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201038-79">[68]</a> The draft contained a city in the clouds, a chase through an asteroid belt, a greater focus on the love triangle between Luke, Han, and Leia (who is portrayed as a <a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress">damsel in distress</a>), the battle of Hoth and a climactic duel between Luke and Darth Vader. The ghosts of his father and Obi-Wan visit Luke, leaving Vader a separate character. The draft reveals Luke has a sister (not Leia), Han goes on a mission to recruit his powerful stepfather, and Lando is a clone from the <a href="/wiki/Clone_Wars_(Star_Wars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clone Wars (Star Wars)">Clone Wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DOGBrackett-41">[35]</a> Lucas made detailed notes and attempted to contact Brackett, but she had been hospitalized, and died of cancer a few weeks later, on March 18.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201039,_43-80">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201043-81">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rewrite">Rewrite</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rewrite">edit</a>]</div> The strict schedule left Lucas no choice but to write the second draft himself.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005123-70">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201043-81">[70]</a> Though Brackett's draft followed Lucas's outline, he found she had portrayed the characters differently than he intended.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201039-82">[71]</a> Lucas completed his handwritten, 121-page draft on April 1. He found the process more enjoyable than on Star Wars because he was familiar with the universe, but struggled to write a satisfying conclusion, leaving it open for a third film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201043–44,_46,_59-83">[72]</a> This draft established Luke's sister as a new character undertaking a similar journey,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201021-84">[73]</a> Vader's castle and his fear of the emperor,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201012,_23-85">[74]</a> distinct power levels in controlling the Force,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201024-86">[75]</a> Yoda's unconventional speech pattern,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201044-87">[76]</a> and bounty hunters, including Boba Fett. Lucas wrote Fett like the <a href="/wiki/Man_with_No_Name" title="Man with No Name">Man with No Name</a>, combining him with an abandoned idea for a Super <a href="/wiki/Stormtrooper_(Star_Wars)" title="Stormtrooper (Star Wars)">Stormtrooper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201043–44-88">[77]</a> Lucas's handwritten draft included mention of Vader being Luke's father, but the typed script omitted this revelation. Despite contradictory information in drafts that included the ghost of Luke's father, Lucas said he had always intended for Vader to be Luke's father and omitted it from scripts to avoid leaks.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201044–45-89">[78]</a> Lucas included elements such as Han's debt to Jabba, and recontextualized Luke leaving Dagobah to rescue his friends: in Brackett's draft, Obi-Wan instructs Luke to leave; Lucas had Luke choose to do so. He also removed a scene of Luke massacring stormtroopers to convey him falling to the dark side, wanting to instead explore this in the next film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201043-81">[70]</a> Lucas believed it was important the characters be inspirational and appropriate for children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201012–13-90">[79]</a> His typed draft is titled Star Wars: Episode V The Empire Strikes Back.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201044-87">[76]</a> In June 1978, impressed with his work on Raiders of the Lost Ark, Lucas hired <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a> to refine the draft; Kasdan was paid $60,000.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005123-70">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201054,_64-91">[80]</a> In early July, Kasdan, Kershner and Lucas held a story conference to discuss Lucas's draft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201058-57">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005123-70">[61]</a> The group collaborated on ideas, challenging Lucas when his made no sense; Lucas embraced their input.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201064–65,_80-92">[81]</a> Mandated to deliver a fifth of the script every other week, Kasdan began his rewrite, focusing on developing character relationships and psychologies; he completed the third draft by early August.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201054–55,_59,_64,_70-93">[82]</a> This version refined Minch Yoda—alternately named "the Critter", Minch, Buffy, and simply Yoda—from a slimy creature to a small blue one; each version retained the character's long life and wisdom.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOGBrackett-41">[35]</a> Yoda was intended to teach Luke to respect everyone and not judge by appearances, and defy audience expectations.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a> The draft tightened or expanded dialogue to better pace action scenes, added more romance, and added or changed locations, such as moving a Vader scene from a spaceship deck to his private cubicle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201070-94">[83]</a> Lucas removed a line mentioning Lando deliberately abandoning his people, and had Luke contact Leia through the Force instead of Obi-Wan's ghost.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201078-95">[84]</a> The fourth draft—mostly the same but with more detailed action—was submitted on October 24.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201080-96">[85]</a> Although some of Brackett's ideas remained, such as Luke's Dagobah training, her dialogue and characterization were removed.<a href="#cite_note-DOGBrackett-41">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201043,_70-97">[86]</a> Kasdan described her take as from "a different era", lacking the necessary tone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201039-82">[71]</a> Kazanjian did not believe the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_West" title="Writers Guild of America West">Writers Guild of America West</a> would approve of her receiving credit, but Lucas liked Brackett and supported her credit as co-writer. He also provided for her family beyond her contracted pay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201043,_70-97">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOGBrackett-41">[35]</a> The fifth draft was completed in February 1979. It revised some scenes and introduced a "Hogmen" species devised by Kershner; Lucas did not like the idea because he perceived them as slaves.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010104-98">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casting">Casting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Casting">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billy_Dee_Williams_in_Washington_D.C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A smiling Billy Dee Williams looking directly at the camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Billy_Dee_Williams_in_Washington_D.C.jpg/170px-Billy_Dee_Williams_in_Washington_D.C.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Billy_Dee_Williams_in_Washington_D.C.jpg/255px-Billy_Dee_Williams_in_Washington_D.C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Billy_Dee_Williams_in_Washington_D.C.jpg/340px-Billy_Dee_Williams_in_Washington_D.C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="2314" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Billy_Dee_Williams" title="Billy Dee Williams">Billy Dee Williams</a> (pictured in 1997) joined the cast as <a href="/wiki/Lando_Calrissian" title="Lando Calrissian">Lando Calrissian</a>.</figcaption></figure> Mark Hamill (Luke), Carrie Fisher (Leia), Harrison Ford (Han), Peter Mayhew (Chewbacca), and Kenny Baker (R2-D2) all reprised their Star Wars roles.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005125-99">[88]</a> Hamill and Fisher were contracted for a second, third, and fourth film, but Ford had declined similar terms because of earlier bad experiences; he agreed to return because he wanted to improve on his Star Wars performance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201050,_54-100">[89]</a> Hamill spent four months bodybuilding and learning karate, fencing, and kendo to prepare for his stunts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010104-98">[87]</a> David Prowse hesitated to return as Darth Vader because, as he was hidden behind a costume, he believed the role offered little job security; he returned after being told further delays would lead to his being replaced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201084-101">[90]</a> James Earl Jones returned to voice Vader but, as with Star Wars, declined a credit because he considered himself "special effects" to Prowse's physical performance. He earned $15,000 for half a day's work, plus a small percentage of the profits.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201092-102">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-JonesCredit-103">[92]</a> Anthony Daniels was reluctant to return as C-3PO because he had received little acknowledgment for his previous performance, as the filmmakers played down his involvement to portray the droid as a real being. He ultimately agreed, however, for an improved salary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010122-104">[93]</a> Alec Guinness said he could not return as Obi-Wan because his failing eyesight required him to avoid bright lights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201034-65">[56]</a> Recasting him was considered but, determined to recruit him, Lucas agreed to a deal in late August 1979 which gave him a more limited role. Guinness was paid 0.25% of Empire's box office gross for his few hours of work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010210,_236,_241-105">[94]</a> Billy Dee Williams was cast as Lando Calrissian, making him the first black actor with a starring role in the series.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005125-99">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-BuffaloNewsWilliams-106">[95]</a> He found the character interesting because of his cape and <a href="/wiki/Armenian_name#Surnames" title="Armenian name">Armenian surname</a>; Williams believed this gave him room to develop the character. Williams said Lando was much like himself—a "pretty cool guy".<a href="#cite_note-VarietyWilliams-14">[10]</a> He believed it was a <a href="/wiki/Tokenism" title="Tokenism">token role</a>, but was assured it was not specifically written for a black actor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201088-107">[96]</a> Kershner said Williams had the fantastic charm of a "Mississippi riverboat hustler".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201088-107">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Rollins" title="Howard Rollins">Howard Rollins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Alexander_(actor)" title="Terry Alexander (actor)">Terry Alexander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Christian" title="Robert Christian">Robert Christian</a>, Thurman Scott, and <a href="/wiki/Yaphet_Kotto" title="Yaphet Kotto">Yaphet Kotto</a> were also considered for the part.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201080-96">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-IGNYaphet-108">[97]</a> Yoda was voiced and puppeteered by Frank Oz, with assistance from <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Mullen" title="Kathryn Mullen">Kathryn Mullen</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Barclay_(puppeteer)" title="David Barclay (puppeteer)">David Barclay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Froud" title="Wendy Froud">Wendy Froud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010224-109">[98]</a> Lucas had intended for a different actor to provide Yoda's voice, but decided it would be too difficult to cast someone who could match their voice to Oz's puppetry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308-31">[27]</a> Jeremy Bulloch did not audition for Boba Fett; he was hired because the costume fit him. It was uncomfortable and top-heavy, making it difficult to maintain his balance, and the mask often steamed up. Bulloch assumed his lines would be dubbed over, as he had little dialogue (Fett's voice actor, Jason Wingreen, remained uncredited until 2000).<a href="#cite_note-VanityFairBulloch-110">[99]</a> Bulloch also appears as an Imperial officer who restrains Leia on Bespin. No other cast member was available for this role, so Kurtz had him quickly change out of the Fett costume to stand in. John Morton portrays Fett in the same scene.<a href="#cite_note-111">[g]</a> There was no extensive casting for the Emperor. Lucas chose Clive Revill to provide the character's voice, and actress <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Eaton" title="Marjorie Eaton">Marjorie Eaton</a> physically portrayed the Emperor in test footage. The footage proved unsatisfactory, and special effects artist <a href="/wiki/Rick_Baker" title="Rick Baker">Rick Baker</a> created a full mask that his wife Elaine wore. Chimpanzee eyes were superimposed over her face; cat eyes and assistant accountant Laura Crockett's eyes were also considered.<a href="#cite_note-I09YodaMonkey-30">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308-31">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPacker198017-68">[59]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-production">Pre-production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pre-production">edit</a>]</div> Pre-production began in early 1978. Although Kershner wanted two years, this phase only lasted a year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201038,_94-112">[100]</a> Seeking an area to represent the ice planet Hoth, location scouts considered Finland, Sweden, and the Arctic Circle. The location needed to be free of trees and near populated areas for amenities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201051-113">[101]</a> Kershner credited a Fox distribution employee with recommending <a href="/wiki/Finse" title="Finse">Finse</a>, Norway; Kurtz said it was Reynolds who had done so.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201051-113">[101]</a> For the bog planet Dagobah, scouts looked at Central Africa, Kenya, and Scandinavia, but Lucas wanted to avoid shooting on location. He funded the construction of a "Star Wars stage" at <a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios</a>, London, for the Dagobah and rebel base sets. Construction for the stage—which measured 1,250,000 cubic feet (35,000 m3) and cost $2 million—began at the end of August.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201058,_84-114">[102]</a> Sets were the single biggest expense of the production, costing a total of $3.5 million. By December, the budget had increased to $21.5 million, more than double the original estimate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201083,_88-115">[103]</a> Financial projections for The Chapter II Company suggested it would run a monthly deficit of $5–25 million by the end of 1979, including over $2 million in production costs and $400,000 to fund ILM.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201080-96">[85]</a> As the start of filming in January 1979 loomed, a fire on Elstree's Stage 3—where <a href="/wiki/The_Shining_(film)" title="The Shining (film)">The Shining</a> (1980) was being filmed—destroyed the space planned for Empire's sets.<a href="#cite_note-Wired10Things-75">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201098-116">[104]</a> The impact was significant, resulting in the Empire production being forced to give up two stages so The Shining could continue filming. Sixty-four sets had to be moved through nine stages and the filming schedule had to be altered. Poor weather delayed construction of necessary sets, props, and the Star Wars stage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201098-116">[104]</a> By February 25, the Finse location crew had arrived in Norway to receive flown-in equipment containers and begin digging trenches for battle scenes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010102–103-117">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(soundtrack)" title="The Empire Strikes Back (soundtrack)">The Empire Strikes Back soundtrack</a></div> The musical score for The Empire Strikes Back was composed and conducted by <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> and performed by the <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a>, at a cost of about $250,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold,_Alan1980266-118">[106]</a> Williams began planning the score in November 1979, estimating the film would require 107 minutes of music.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010266-119">[107]</a> For two weeks across 18 three-hour sessions just after Christmas, Williams recorded the score at Anvil Studios and <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">Abbey Road Studios</a>, London.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010278–279-120">[108]</a> Up to 104 musicians were involved at a time, playing such instruments as oboes, piccolos, pianos, and harps.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010278-121">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filming">Filming</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Filming">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commencement_in_Norway">Commencement in Norway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Commencement in Norway">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jokolen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A top-down photo of the Hardangerjøkulen glacier (a vast snowy plain) in Finse, Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jokolen.jpg/220px-Jokolen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jokolen.jpg/330px-Jokolen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Jokolen.jpg/440px-Jokolen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hardangerj%C3%B8kulen" title="Hardangerjøkulen">Hardangerjøkulen</a> <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glacier</a> pictured in 2007. It served as the exterior of the ice planet Hoth.</figcaption></figure> Principal photography began on March 5, 1979, on the <a href="/wiki/Hardangerj%C3%B8kulen" title="Hardangerjøkulen">Hardangerjøkulen</a> <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glacier</a> near Finse, Norway, representing the planet Hoth.<a href="#cite_note-124">[h]</a> Initially scheduled to conclude on June 22, by the end of the first week it was obvious it would take longer and cost more.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010108,_122–123,_153-125">[112]</a> Filming the Hoth scenes on a set was considered, but ultimately rejected as inauthentic. The location filming coincided with the area's worst snowstorm in half a century, impeding the production with blizzards, 40-mile-per-hour (64 km/h) winds, and temperatures between −26 °F (−32 °C) and −38 °F (−39 °C).<a href="#cite_note-128">[i]</a> The weather cleared only twice; some days, filming could not take place.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010115–116-129">[115]</a> The frigid conditions made the <a href="/wiki/Acetate_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetate film">acetate film</a> brittle, camera lenses iced over, snow seeped into equipment, and effects paint froze inside the tin.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010103,_108–109-130">[116]</a> To counter these effects, lenses were kept cool but the camera body was warmed to protect the film, battery, and camera operators' hands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010109-131">[117]</a> The crew was outside for up to 11 hours at a time, being subjected to thin air, limited visibility, and mild <a href="/wiki/Frostbite" title="Frostbite">frostbite</a>; one crewman slipped and broke two ribs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010109,_115,_139–140-132">[118]</a> The difficult conditions led to strong camaraderie among crewmembers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010112-133">[119]</a> Avalanches blocked direct transport links, and trenches dug by the crew quickly filled with snow. Scenes could be prepared only a few hours in advance and many scenes were filmed just outside the crew's hotel as the shifting weather regularly altered the scenery.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010110,_112-134">[120]</a> Although Fisher was not scheduled to film scenes in Norway, she joined Hamill on location because she wanted to observe the process.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010104-98">[87]</a> Ford was not scheduled for the Finse phase, but to compensate for the delays, he was brought there instead of creating a separate set in a Leeds studio. On a few hours' notice, he arrived in Finse, having traveled the last 23 miles (37 km) of the snow-laden journey by snowplow.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010110-135">[121]</a> Production returned to England after a week, though Hamill had an additional day of filming. The <a href="/wiki/Second_unit" title="Second unit">second unit</a> remained in Norway through March to film explosions, incidental footage, and battle scenes featuring 35 mountain rescue skiers as extras. The skiers' work was compensated with a donation to the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Red_Cross" title="Norwegian Red Cross">Norwegian Red Cross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010112,_116-136">[122]</a> To film the Imperial probe landing, eight sticks of dynamite were placed on the glacier and set to explode at sunrise, but the demolitions expert in charge knocked the battery out of his radio and received the message too late to capture the intended shot.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010139–140-137">[123]</a> The opening sweeping shot of the area was captured by flying a helicopter to 15,000 feet (4,600 m) and performing a controlled drop at a rate of 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) or 2,500 feet (760 m) a minute.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010141-138">[124]</a> A heated shelter for the helicopter had to be constructed, which delayed filming of the shot by four weeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010103-139">[125]</a> The second unit, scheduled to be in Finse for three weeks, was there for eight.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010141-138">[124]</a> When the crew returned to London, they had only half the planned footage, and background images for special effects shots were uneven.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMandell19806-127">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010151-140">[126]</a> Empire's budget increased to around $22 million because of the delays and having to rework scenes to compensate for the missing footage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005127-141">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming_at_Elstree_Studios">Filming at Elstree Studios</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Filming at Elstree Studios">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elstree_Studios_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184042_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A front-facing exterior photograph of Elstree Studios" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Elstree_Studios_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184042_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Elstree_Studios_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184042_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Elstree_Studios_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184042_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Elstree_Studios_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184042_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Elstree_Studios_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184042_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Elstree_Studios_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1184042_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>On-set filming location <a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios</a> (pictured 2009) in Hertfordshire, England</figcaption></figure> Filming at Elstree began on March 13, 1979.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005127-141">[127]</a> Production remained behind schedule without Stage 3 (which had been destroyed by fire), and the incomplete Star Wars stage lacked protection from the cold weather. The result was that the crew had to work out of any available space.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010120-142">[128]</a> To save time, some scenes were shot simultaneously, such as those set in the ice cavern and medical bay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010127-143">[129]</a> Kershner wanted each character to make a unique entrance in the film. While filming Vader's entrance, the snow troopers preceding Prowse tripped over the polystyrene ice, and the stuntman behind him stood on his cape, breaking it off, causing Prowse to fall onto the snow troopers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010135-144">[130]</a> The shoot was strenuous and mired in conflicts.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010132-145">[131]</a> Fisher suffered from influenza and bronchitis, her weight dropped to 85 pounds (39 kg) while working 12-hour days, and she collapsed on set from an allergic reaction to steam or spray paint. She was also allergic to most makeup.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010132,_142,_169-146">[132]</a> Her overuse of <a href="/wiki/Hallucinogen" title="Hallucinogen">hallucinogens</a> and painkillers worsened her condition, as did the anxiety she experienced while performing her speech to the rebels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010142,_161-147">[133]</a> Stress and personal traumas led to frequent arguments among Hamill, Fisher, and Ford.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010166-148">[134]</a> Ford and Hamill fell ill or were injured at different times.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010152-149">[135]</a> Hamill was depressed by his isolation from human cast members, as his scenes required him to interact mostly with puppets, robots, and actors whose voices would be added later or dubbed over.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPacker198016-150">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010195-151">[137]</a> He was meant to use an earpiece to hear Oz's Yoda dialogue, but for various reasons this did not work, and he struggled to form a relationship with the character. The Dagobah set was liberally sprayed with mineral oil, which caused him physical discomfort for long periods. Hamill called it a "physical ordeal the whole time ... but I don't really mind that".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPacker198016-150">[136]</a> At one point, Oz cheered Hamill up with a <a href="/wiki/Miss_Piggy" title="Miss Piggy">Miss Piggy</a> routine. Hamill recalled Ford giving him a kiss instead of reading his lines, which entertained the crew.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPacker198017-68">[59]</a> Mayhew fell ill while filming Han's torture scene because the set used bursts of steam, which raised the ambient temperature to 90 °F (32 °C) while he was wearing a wool suit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010201-152">[138]</a> Bank of America representatives visited the set in late March, concerned about rising costs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010137-153">[139]</a> Lucas rarely visited the set, but arrived on May 6 after realizing the production was behind schedule and over budget.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a> An official Lucasfilm memo instructed staff to misstate the film's direct costs as $17 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010153-154">[140]</a> At this point, Kurtz and Lucas estimated it would cost $25–28 million to complete filming.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005127-141">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010153-154">[140]</a> Finances ran out in mid-July when Bank of America refused to increase the loan.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010206-155">[141]</a> The crisis was kept from the crew, including Kershner, and tactics were used to delay its impact, including paying staff biweekly instead of weekly and Lucas borrowing money from his merchandising company Black Falcon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010206-155">[141]</a> Lucas worried he would have to sell Empire and its associated rights to Fox to sustain the project, losing his creative freedom. Fox was also threatening to buy out the <a href="/wiki/Completion_guarantee" title="Completion guarantee">bond</a> and take over filming.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005127-141">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010206-155">[141]</a> With about 20% of Empire left to film, Lucasfilm president Charles Weber arranged for <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Boston">Bank of Boston</a> to refinance the loan to $31 million, including $27.7 million from Bank of Boston and $3 million guaranteed by Fox in exchange for an increased percentage of the theatrical returns and 10% of merchandising profits. Lucasfilm took out the loan, making the company directly liable.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005127-141">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010206,_214-156">[142]</a> The Star Wars stage was completed in early May. It was too small to house the Rebel hangar and Dagobah sets, and an extension had to be funded and built. The producers mandated filming begin on the stage on May 18, regardless of its state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010154-157">[143]</a> The hangar scene involved 77 rebel extras, which cost £2,000 per day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010159-158">[144]</a> Around 50 short tons (45 long tons) of <a href="/wiki/Dendrite_(crystal)" title="Dendrite (crystal)">dendritic salt</a>, mixed with <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate" title="Magnesium sulfate">magnesium sulfate</a> for a sparkle effect, were used for the snowy sets; this combination of substances gave the cast and crew headaches.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010159,_161-159">[145]</a> Second unit director John Barry died suddenly in early June; <a href="/wiki/Harley_Cokeliss" title="Harley Cokeliss">Harley Cokeliss</a> replaced him a week later.<a href="#cite_note-Wired10Things-75">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTIMESBarry-160">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010156,_166-161">[147]</a> The typical purpose of the second unit was to do time-consuming filming for special effects shots, but they were now filming main scenes—including Luke's ice cave imprisonment—because the schedule had overrun by around 26 days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010147,_189-162">[148]</a> Hamill was unavailable for several days after injuring his hand during a stunt jump from a <a href="/wiki/Speeder_bike" title="Speeder bike">speeder bike</a>. Having been called in for the stunt the same day his son was born, aggravated by the salt-laden setting, and exhausted, he angrily chastised Kurtz for not using a double for the scene.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010189,_194-163">[149]</a> Kershner's hands-on directing style, which included him acting out how he wanted a scene performed, agitated Hamill; Kershner, for his part, was frustrated that Hamill was not following his advice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010199-164">[150]</a> The life-size hangar set was dismantled in mid-June to allow the construction of other sets around the full-scale Millenium Falcon. These scenes had to be filmed efficiently, so the Falcon could be dismantled to make way for the Dagobah set.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010167–169-165">[151]</a> Filming began on the carbon chamber scene in late June while the second unit filmed anything they could.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010168–169-166">[152]</a> The raised set was largely incomplete, and low lighting and steam were used to conceal any obvious flaws. The fog machines and heat from the steam made many cast and crew members sick; it took approximately three weeks to film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010168,_172,_194-167">[153]</a> The confession of love between Leia and Han was scripted with both of them admitting their feelings for the other. Kershner felt this was too "sappy". He had Ford improvise lines repeatedly until Ford said he would do only one more take; his response to Leia's confession of love in the final take was "I know".<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a> By the end of the month, cast and crew morale was low.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010194-168">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_duel,_Dagobah,_and_conclusion">The duel, Dagobah, and conclusion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The duel, Dagobah, and conclusion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:267px;max-width:267px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:185px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Prowse_at_Mountain-Con_III_in_2007_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Headshot of David Prowse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/David_Prowse_at_Mountain-Con_III_in_2007_%28cropped%29.png/135px-David_Prowse_at_Mountain-Con_III_in_2007_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/David_Prowse_at_Mountain-Con_III_in_2007_%28cropped%29.png/203px-David_Prowse_at_Mountain-Con_III_in_2007_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/David_Prowse_at_Mountain-Con_III_in_2007_%28cropped%29.png/270px-David_Prowse_at_Mountain-Con_III_in_2007_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="1859" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:185px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Earl_Jones_(8516667383).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Headshot of James Earl Jones" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/James_Earl_Jones_%288516667383%29.jpg/124px-James_Earl_Jones_%288516667383%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/James_Earl_Jones_%288516667383%29.jpg/186px-James_Earl_Jones_%288516667383%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/James_Earl_Jones_%288516667383%29.jpg/248px-James_Earl_Jones_%288516667383%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">(Left to right) <a href="/wiki/David_Prowse" title="David Prowse">David Prowse</a> (pictured in 2007) and <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (2013). To avoid Darth Vader's confession being leaked publicly, Vader actor Prowse was given different lines to speak, which were dubbed over by Jones.</div></div></div></div> Hamill returned in early July to film his climactic battle against Darth Vader, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Stunt_double" class="mw-redirect" title="Stunt double">stunt double</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Anderson_(fencer)" title="Bob Anderson (fencer)">Bob Anderson</a>, who said the experience was like fighting blindfolded because of the costume. Hamill spent weeks practicing his fencing routine, eventually growing frustrated and refusing to continue.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010123,_133,_197-169">[155]</a> The next scene, where Vader confesses he is Luke's father, was shrouded in secrecy. Prowse was given the line "Obi-Wan Kenobi is your father" to read because he was known for repeatedly leaking information.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a> Only Kershner, the producers, and Hamill knew the actual line.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-EW10Things-170">[156]</a> While filming the scene, Hamill was positioned on a platform suspended 35 feet (11 m) above a pile of mattresses.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a> Footage of his fall into the reactor shaft was damaged during processing and the scene had to be reshot in early August.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010214,_219-171">[157]</a> The Vader confrontation took eight weeks to film. Hamill insisted on doing as many of his stunts as possible, though the insurers refused to allow him to perform a 15-foot (4.6 m) fall out of a window. He accidentally fell from a nine-inch ledge 40 feet (12 m) high but rolled on landing to avoid injury.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPacker198016-150">[136]</a> Lucas returned to the set on July 15 and stayed for the rest of filming.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010206-155">[141]</a> He rewrote Luke's scenes on Dagobah, removing or trimming them so they could be shot in just over two weeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010210-172">[158]</a> Most of the cast completed filming by the start of August, including Ford, Fisher, Williams, Mayhew, and Daniels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010210,_219-173">[159]</a> Hamill began filming on the Dagobah set with Yoda. They only had 12 days to film because Oz was scheduled for another project.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010224,_233-174">[160]</a> With the film now over 50 days behind schedule, Kurtz was removed from his role and replaced by Kazanjian and associate producer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Watts" title="Robert Watts">Robert Watts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010236-175">[161]</a> One of the last scenes shot was of Luke exploring the dark side tree on Dagobah. A wrap party was held on the set to mark the official conclusion of filming on September 5, 1979, after 133 days. Guinness filmed his scenes against a bluescreen the same day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010238,_241-176">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-VanityFareBTS-177">[163]</a> Kershner and the second unit continued filming additional footage, including Luke's X-Wing being raised from the swamp.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010238,_241-176">[162]</a> Kershner left the set on September 9, and Hamill finished 103 days of filming two days later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005127-141">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010241–243-178">[164]</a> The second unit finished filming on September 24 with Hamill's stunt double.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010243-179">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005226-180">[166]</a> There was approximately 400,000 feet (120,000 m) of film, or 80 hours of footage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010244-181">[167]</a> The final budget was $30.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010323-182">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[vi]</a> Kurtz blamed <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States#Inflation_woes:_1970s" title="Economic history of the United States">inflation</a>, which had increased resource, cast, and crew costs significantly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010207-184">[169]</a> Lucas blamed Kurtz for lack of oversight and poor financial planning.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010206–207-185">[170]</a> Watts said Kurtz was not good with people and never developed a working relationship with Kershner, making it difficult for him to temper the director's indulgences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010153,_196-186">[171]</a> Kurtz had also given Kershner more leeway because of the delays caused by the Stage 3 fire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010153-154">[140]</a> Kershner's slower work pace had frustrated Lucas.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesIndulgent-187">[172]</a> He described his filming style as frugal, performing two or three takes with little <a href="/wiki/Camera_coverage" title="Camera coverage">coverage film</a> that could later compensate for mistakes. Watts and Reynolds said Kershner often looked at new ways of doing things, but this required planning that only delayed things further.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010152-149">[135]</a> Kershner had tried replicating the quick pacing of Star Wars, not lingering on any scene for too long, and encouraged improvisation, modifying scenes and dialogue to focus more on characters' emotions, such as C-3PO interrupting Han and Leia as they are about to kiss.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005132-188">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010122,_125-189">[174]</a> Kazanjian said many mistakes were made but blamed Weber, Lucasfilm vice president John Moohr, and primarily Kurtz.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201032,_206-190">[175]</a> Actor John Morton called Kurtz an unsung hero, who brought his experience of filming war to Empire.<a href="#cite_note-SyFy40Years-191">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-production">Post-production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Post-production">edit</a>]</div> The schedule overrun resulted in filming and post-production taking place simultaneously; filmed footage was shipped immediately to ILM to begin effects work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010151,_155-192">[177]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Workprint" title="Workprint">rough cut</a> resembling the finished film (minus special effects) was put together by mid-October 1979.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010248,_258-193">[178]</a> Lucas provided 31 pages of notes about changes he wanted, mainly alterations in dialogue and scene lengths.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010258–259-194">[179]</a> Jones recorded Vader's dialogue in late 1979 and early 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010305-195">[180]</a> In early 1980, Lucas changed the long-planned opening of Luke riding his tauntaun to a shot of the Star Destroyer launching probes. He continued tweaking elements to improve the special effects, but even with ILM staff working up to 24 hours a day, six days a week, there was not enough time to do everything they wanted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010302–303-196">[181]</a> A Dagobah <a href="/wiki/Pick-up_(filmmaking)" title="Pick-up (filmmaking)">pick-up</a> scene, in which R2-D2 is spat out by a monster, was filmed in Lucas's swimming pool;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010298–299-197">[182]</a> the Emperor's scenes were filmed in February 1980.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308-31">[27]</a> Fox executives did not see a cut of the film until March.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010315,_321-198">[183]</a> That month, Lucas decided he wanted an additional Hoth scene and auditioned 50 ILM crew to appear as Rebels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308-31">[27]</a> The final 124-minute cut was completed on April 16, which triggered a $10 million payment from Fox to Bank of Boston.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010315,_321-198">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times,_June1980-199">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBFC-200">[185]</a> Lucasfilm also launched an employee bonus scheme to share Empire's profits with its staff.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010321-201">[186]</a> Test screenings were held in San Francisco on April 19. While the tauntaun special effect was criticized, audiences liked Han's reply of "I know" to Leia's confession of love. Lucas was unimpressed by the scene, believing it was not how Han would act.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010321–322-202">[187]</a> Because the magnetic soundtrack could flake from the film reels, Kurtz hired people to watch the film reels 24 hours a day to identify defects; 22% were defective.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010323-182">[168]</a> Shortly after the film's theatrical release, Lucas decided the ending was unclear about where Luke and Leia were in relation to Lando and Chewbacca. In the three-week window between its limited and wider release, Lucas, Johnston, and visual effects artist <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a> filmed enhancement scenes at ILM, using existing footage, a new score, modified dialogue, and new miniatures to create establishing shots of the Rebel fleet and their relative positions.<a href="#cite_note-PostReleaseImmedChanges-203">[188]</a> By the project's conclusion, around 700 people had worked on Empire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010124-204">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_effects_and_design">Special effects and design</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Special effects and design">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Special_effects_of_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Special effects of The Empire Strikes Back">Special effects of The Empire Strikes Back</a></div> Lucas's firm, Industrial Light & Magic, developed the special effects for The Empire Strikes Back at a cost of $8 million, including staffing and the construction of the company's new facility in Marin County, California.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010323-182">[168]</a> The building was still under construction when staff arrived in September 1978, and initially lacked the equipment that would be necessary to complete their work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay19807-123">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMandell19806-127">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201067-205">[190]</a> Compared to the 360 special effects shots for Star Wars, Empire required around 600.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010250-206">[191]</a> The crew, supervised by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Brian Johnson (special effects artist)">Brian Johnson</a>, included <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nicholson" title="Bruce Nicholson">Bruce Nicholson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorne_Peterson" title="Lorne Peterson">Lorne Peterson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Gawley" title="Steve Gawley">Steve Gawley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay19807-123">[111]</a> Tom St. Amand,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201090-207">[192]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nilo_Rodis-Jamero" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilo Rodis-Jamero">Nilo Rodis-Jamero</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201067-205">[190]</a> Up to 100 people worked on the project daily, including Stuart Freeborn, who was responsible mainly for crafting the Yoda puppet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuckley1980-66">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010147-208">[193]</a> Various techniques, including <a href="/wiki/Miniature_effect" title="Miniature effect">miniatures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matte_(filmmaking)" title="Matte (filmmaking)">matte paintings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">stop motion</a>, articulated models and full-size vehicles were used to create Empire's many effects.<a href="#cite_note-Wired10Things-75">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010166-148">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay198012,_16,_23-209">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Release">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Context">Context</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Context">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1980_in_film" title="1980 in film">1980 in film</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mark_Hamill_1980.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of Mark Hamill in 1980, promoting The Empire Strikes Back while pointing at a puppet of Yoda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mark_Hamill_1980.jpg/220px-Mark_Hamill_1980.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mark_Hamill_1980.jpg/330px-Mark_Hamill_1980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Mark_Hamill_1980.jpg/440px-Mark_Hamill_1980.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3380" data-file-height="2436" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a> promoting the film in 1980</figcaption></figure> Industry professionals expected comedies and positive entertainment to dominate theaters in 1980 because of low morale in the United States caused by an <a href="/wiki/Early_1980s_recession_in_the_United_States#1980" title="Early 1980s recession in the United States">economic recession</a>. This generally increased theatrical visits as audiences sought escapism and ignored romantic films and depictions of <a href="/wiki/Blue-collar_worker" title="Blue-collar worker">blue-collar life</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesMostPopular-210">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesTanenPredict-211">[196]</a> A surge of interest in science fiction following Star Wars led to many low-budget entries in the genre attempting to profit by association and big-budget entries such as <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Motion_Picture" title="Star Trek: The Motion Picture">Star Trek: The Motion Picture</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Hole_(1979_film)" title="The Black Hole (1979 film)">The Black Hole</a>, both released just months before The Empire Strikes Back.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a> Sequels were not expected to perform as well as their originals, and there were low expectations for merchandising.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010300-212">[197]</a> Even so, tie-in deals were arranged with <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Mills" title="General Mills">General Mills</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Topps" title="Topps">Topps</a> collectibles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010255-213">[198]</a> Fox was confident in the film and spent little money on advertising, taking out small advertisements in newspapers instead of full-page spreads.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times,_June1980-199">[184]</a> The studio's market research showed 60% of those interested in the film were male.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010335-214">[199]</a> Lucasfilm set up a telephone number allowing callers to hear a message from cast members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010324-215">[200]</a> Fox demanded a minimum 28-week appearance in theaters, although 12 weeks was the norm for major films.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010321-201">[186]</a> Estimates suggested Empire needed to earn $57.2 million to be profitable, after marketing, distribution, and loan interest costs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010154,_323-216">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Credits_and_title">Credits and title</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Credits and title">edit</a>]</div> As with Star Wars, Lucas wanted to place all of the <a href="/wiki/Motion_picture_credits" title="Motion picture credits">crew credits</a> at the end of the film to avoid interfering with the opening. The <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America" title="Writers Guild of America">Writers Guild of America</a> (WGA) and <a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America" title="Directors Guild of America">Directors Guild of America</a> (DGA) had allowed this for the first film because Lucas directed and it opened with the logo for his namesake Lucasfilm, but for Empire they refused to allow Kershner or the first and second unit directors to be credited only at the end, fined Lucas $250,000 when he ignored them and tried to have the film removed from theaters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005132-188">[173]</a> Because Lucas had followed the laws relevant to the United Kingdom where it was produced, the DGA was unable to sanction him and instead fined Kershner $25,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010335-214">[199]</a> Lucas paid his fine but was so frustrated that he left the WGA, DGA, and <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association" title="Motion Picture Association">Motion Picture Association</a>, which restricted his ability to write and direct future films.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005132-188">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesDGA-217">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a> leaked the film's title in January 1978<a href="#cite_note-218">[203]</a>; it was officially announced in August.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201034,_37-219">[204]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_opening_crawl" title="Star Wars opening crawl">opening crawl</a> identified the film as Star Wars: Episode V — The Empire Strikes Back, establishing Lucas's plan to make a nine-part Star Wars series. Star Wars was also renamed Episode IV — A New Hope.<a href="#cite_note-TimeTitle-220">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-ScreenRantTitle-221">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kastel" title="Roger Kastel">Roger Kastel</a> designed the theatrical poster.<a href="#cite_note-RogerKastel-222">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Box office">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kennedy_Center_seen_from_the_Potomac_River,_June_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Kennedy Center (a low-rise white building) as seen from the Potomac River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kennedy_Center_seen_from_the_Potomac_River%2C_June_2010.jpg/220px-Kennedy_Center_seen_from_the_Potomac_River%2C_June_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kennedy_Center_seen_from_the_Potomac_River%2C_June_2010.jpg/330px-Kennedy_Center_seen_from_the_Potomac_River%2C_June_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kennedy_Center_seen_from_the_Potomac_River%2C_June_2010.jpg/440px-Kennedy_Center_seen_from_the_Potomac_River%2C_June_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1189" /></a><figcaption>The first North American screening of The Empire Strikes Back took place at the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a> (pictured in 2010).</figcaption></figure> A sneak preview of The Empire Strikes Back took place on May 6, 1980 at the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theatre" title="Dominion Theatre">Dominion Theatre</a> in London, followed by another preview screening on May 17 at the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Kennedy Center</a> in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010328-223">[208]</a> This event, which featured the principal cast, was attended by 600 children, including <a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WAPoPremiere-224">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010328-223">[208]</a> The film's world premiere took place on May 20 at the <a href="/wiki/Odeon_Leicester_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Odeon Leicester Square">Odeon Leicester Square</a> in London. Dubbed "Empire Day", the event included actors in Stormtrooper attire interacting with people across the city.<a href="#cite_note-StarWarsUKPremiere-225">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-StarWarsUKPremiereGetty-226">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010328-223">[208]</a> In North America, Empire opened mid-week on May 21, leading into the extended <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> holiday weekend.<a href="#cite_note-BOMEmpire-227">[212]</a> The number of theaters was deliberately <a href="/wiki/Limited_theatrical_release" title="Limited theatrical release">limited</a> to 126 to make it difficult to get a ticket, thus generating more appeal—a strategy used with films expected to receive positive word of mouth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times,_June1980-199">[184]</a> The film earned $1.3 million during its opening day—an average of $10,581 per theater.<a href="#cite_note-BOMEmpireOpeningDay-228">[213]</a> It garnered a further $4.9 million during the weekend and $1.5 million during the Monday holiday, for a total of $6.4 million—an average of $50,919 per theater. This made Empire the number one film of the weekend, ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Counterprogramming_(film_distribution)" title="Counterprogramming (film distribution)">counterprogrammed</a> debuts of the comedy <a href="/wiki/The_Gong_Show_Movie" title="The Gong Show Movie">The Gong Show Movie</a> ($1.5 million) and The Shining ($600,000).<a href="#cite_note-BOMEmpire-227">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-BOMOpeningWeekend-229">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-GizmodoOpening-230">[215]</a> By the end of its first week, the film had earned $9.6 million—a 60% increase over Star Wars—averaging $76,201 per theater, the highest-ever figure for a film in over 100 theaters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times,_June1980-199">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesFirstWeekAverage-231">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-BOMNewHope-232">[217]</a> It remained number one until its fourth weekend, when it fell to third with $3.6 million, behind the spoof comedy <a href="/wiki/Wholly_Moses!" title="Wholly Moses!">Wholly Moses!</a> ($3.62 million) and the Western <a href="/wiki/Bronco_Billy" title="Bronco Billy">Bronco Billy</a> ($3.7 million).<a href="#cite_note-BOMEmpireOpeningDay-228">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-BOMEmpireWeekEndJune13-233">[218]</a> It regained the number one position in its fifth weekend, expanding its theater count to 823 and earning $10.8 million.<a href="#cite_note-BOMEmpireOpeningDay-228">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-BOMEmpireWeekEndJune20-234">[219]</a> Combined with its weekday gross, Empire garnered a single-week gross of approximately $20 million, a box office record the film would hold until <a href="/wiki/Superman_II" title="Superman II">Superman II</a>'s $24 million the following year.<a href="#cite_note-BOMEmpireWeeklyJune20-235">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesSuperman-236">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVariety,_August1980-237">[222]</a> It remained number one for the next seven weeks, before falling to number two in its thirteenth week with $4.3 million, behind the debuting <a href="/wiki/Smokey_and_the_Bandit_II" title="Smokey and the Bandit II">Smokey and the Bandit II</a> ($10.9 million). Detailed box office tracking is unavailable for the rest of Empire's 32-week, 1,278-theater total run.<a href="#cite_note-BOMEmpireOpeningDay-228">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-BOMEmpireWeekEndAug15-238">[223]</a> Empire earned between $181.4–209.4 million in its initial North American release, making it the <a href="/wiki/1980_in_film" title="1980 in film">highest-grossing film of the year</a>, ahead of the comedy films <a href="/wiki/9_to_5_(film)" title="9 to 5 (film)">9 to 5</a> ($103.3 million), <a href="/wiki/Stir_Crazy_(film)" title="Stir Crazy (film)">Stir Crazy</a> ($101.3 million), and <a href="/wiki/Airplane!" title="Airplane!">Airplane!</a> ($83.5 million).<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesMostPopular-210">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-BOMDomestic1980-239">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVariety,_May199930-240">[225]</a> Although it earned less than the $221.3 million of Star Wars, Empire was considered a financial success. Industry experts estimated the film returned $120 million to the filmmakers,<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesIndulgent-187">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesMostPopular-210">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVariety,_May199930-240">[225]</a> which recouped Lucas's investment and cleared his debt;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010336-241">[226]</a> he paid out $5 million in employee bonuses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005132-188">[173]</a> Box office figures are unavailable for all the releases outside of North America in 1980, although <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported the film performed well in the United Kingdom and Japan. According to <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>, Empire earned approximately $192.1 million, giving the film a cumulative worldwide gross of $401.5 million, making it the highest-grossing film of the year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroves199714-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoods199714-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times,_May1980-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[vii]</a> Empire did not achieve the same success as Star Wars, which Lucas blamed on its inconclusive ending.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesIndulgent-187">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010346,_348-243">[227]</a> Empire has received multiple theatrical re-releases, including in July 1981 ($26.8 million), November 1982 ($14.5 million), and <a href="/wiki/Changes_in_Star_Wars_re-releases" title="Changes in Star Wars re-releases">Special Edition versions</a> (modified by Lucas) in February 1997 ($67.6 million).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVariety,_May1999-244">[228]</a> Cumulatively, these releases have raised the North American box office gross to $290.3–$292.4 million.<a href="#cite_note-246">[j]</a> It is estimated to have earned a worldwide total of $538.4–$549 million.<a href="#cite_note-BoMWorldwideTotal2021-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheNumbersWWTotal2021-5">[5]</a> Adjusted for inflation, the North American box office is equivalent to $920.8 million, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_Canada_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States">thirteenth-highest-grossing film ever</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BomAdjusted-247">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Critical response">edit</a>]</div> The Empire Strikes Back received mixed reviews upon its initial release, a change from the positive reception of Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesIndulgent-187">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010332-248">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-StarWarsComReviews-249">[232]</a> In March 1981, The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> released a summary of the leading critics’ choices for top 10 films of the year: Robert Redford’s <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_People" title="Ordinary People">Ordinary People</a> appeared on 42 lists, while Empire made it onto 24.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010346-250">[233]</a> Fan reactions were decidedly mixed, with many concerned by the film's change in tone and surprising narrative revelations, particularly Leia's love for Han over Luke and Luke's relationship with Vader.<a href="#cite_note-MovieWebFans-251">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-MashableFans-252">[235]</a> Even so, the 536 audience members polled by <a href="/wiki/CinemaScore" title="CinemaScore">CinemaScore</a> gave the film an average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, with males and those under the age of 25 rating it highest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Calgary_Herald,_June1980D4-253">[236]</a> Some critics believed The Empire Strikes Back was a good film but not as enjoyable as Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewCanby-254">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReviewTHR-255">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevWSJ-256">[239]</a> They believed the tonal shift featuring darker material and more mature story lines detracted from the charm, fun, and comic silliness of the original.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewCanby-254">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevWSJ-256">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDenby198067-257">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>'s Joy Gould Boyum believed it was "absurd" to add dramatic weight to the lighthearted Star Wars, stripping it of its innocence. Writing for <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, Gary Arnold found the darker undercurrents and greater narrative scale interesting because it created more dramatic threads to explore.<a href="#cite_note-RevWaPoGaryArnold-258">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevWSJ-256">[239]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>'s <a href="/wiki/David_Denby" title="David Denby">David Denby</a> argued it was more spectacular than the original, but lacked its <a href="/wiki/Camp_(style)" title="Camp (style)">camp</a> style.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDenby198067-257">[240]</a> The Hollywood Reporter's <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Knight_(film_critic)" title="Arthur Knight (film critic)">Arthur Knight</a> believed the novelty of the original and the plethora of space opera films produced since made Empire seem derivative; even so, he called it the best in the genre since Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewTHR-255">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevWaPoGaryArnold-258">[241]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Clarke_(author)" title="Gerald Clarke (author)">Gerald Clarke</a> said Empire surpassed Star Wars in several ways, including being more visually and artistically interesting.<a href="#cite_note-RevTimePage3-259">[242]</a> The New York Times's <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a> called it a more mechanical, less suspenseful experience.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewCanby-254">[237]</a> Writing for the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Champlin" title="Charles Champlin">Charles Champlin</a> said the inconclusive ending cleverly completed the narrative while serving as a cliffhanger, but Clarke called it a "not very satisfying" conclusion.<a href="#cite_note-RevLaTimes-260">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevTimePage5-261">[244]</a> Canby and the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Reader" title="Chicago Reader">Chicago Reader</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dave_Kehr" title="Dave Kehr">Dave Kehr</a> believed that as the middle film, it should have focused on narrative development instead of exposition, finding little narrative progression between the film's beginning and end.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewCanby-254">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevDaveKehr-262">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevWSJ-256">[239]</a> The Washington Post's <a href="/wiki/Judith_Martin" title="Judith Martin">Judith Martin</a> labeled it a "good junk" film, enjoyable but fleeting, because it lacked a stand-alone narrative.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewWAPOMartin-263">[246]</a> Knight and Clarke found the story sometimes difficult to follow—Knight because the <a href="/wiki/Three-act_structure" title="Three-act structure">third act</a> jumped between separate storylines, and Clarke because he missed important information in the fast-paced plot.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewTHR-255">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevTimePage5-261">[244]</a> Kehr and <a href="/wiki/Sight_%26_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Sight & Sound">Sight & Sound</a>'s Richard Combs wrote that characterization seemed to be less important than special effects, visual spectacle and action set pieces that accomplished little narratively.<a href="#cite_note-RevDaveKehr-262">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevSightandSound-264">[247]</a> Reviews were mixed for the principal cast.<a href="#cite_note-RevWSJ-256">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevLaTimes-260">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevDaveKehr-262">[245]</a> Knight wrote that Kershner's direction made the characters more human and less <a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetypal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewTHR-255">[238]</a> Hamill, Fisher, and Ford received some praise, with Champlin calling Hamill "youthfully innocent" and engaging, and Fisher independent.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewTHR-255">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevLaTimes-260">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevVariety-265">[248]</a> Arnold described the character progression as less about development and more about "finesse", with little change taking place,<a href="#cite_note-RevWaPoGaryArnold-258">[241]</a> while Kehr felt the characters were "stiffer" without Lucas's direction.<a href="#cite_note-RevDaveKehr-262">[245]</a> Knight called Guinness's performance half-hearted,<a href="#cite_note-ReviewTHR-255">[238]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Janet_Maslin" title="Janet Maslin">Janet Maslin</a> criticized Lando Calrissian, the only major black character in the film, as "exaggeratedly unctuous, untrustworthy and loaded with <a href="/wiki/Jive_talk" title="Jive talk">jive</a>".<a href="#cite_note-RevMaslin-266">[249]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Gene_Siskel" title="Gene Siskel">Gene Siskel</a> said the non-human characters, including the robots and Chewbacca, remained the most lovable creatures, with Yoda being the film's highlight.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewSiskel-267">[250]</a> Knight, Gould Boyum, and Arnold thought Yoda to be incredibly lifelike; Arnold considered his expressions so realistic that he believed an actor's face had been <a href="/wiki/Compositing" title="Compositing">composited</a> onto the puppet.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewTHR-255">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevWSJ-256">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevWaPoGaryArnold-258">[241]</a> Canby called the human cast bland and nondescript, and said even the robot characters offered diminishing enjoyment, but Yoda was a success when used sparingly.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewCanby-254">[237]</a> Although Arnold praised Kershner's direction, others believed that Lucas's oversight was obvious and Empire lacked Kershner's established directorial sensibilities. Denby described his work as "impersonal" and Canby believed it was impossible to identify what Kershner had contributed.<a href="#cite_note-ReviewCanby-254">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDenby198067-257">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevWaPoGaryArnold-258">[241]</a> Combs believed Kershner was an "ill-advised" director because he emphasized the characters, and the result was common tropes at the expense of the comic-strip pace of Star Wars.<a href="#cite_note-RevSightandSound-264">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Suschitzky" title="Peter Suschitzky">Peter Suschitzky</a>'s cinematography was praised for its visuals and bold color choices,<a href="#cite_note-ReviewTHR-255">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-RevWaPoGaryArnold-258">[241]</a> and the special effects were lauded as "breathtaking",<a href="#cite_note-RevWSJ-256">[239]</a> "ingenious",<a href="#cite_note-ReviewTHR-255">[238]</a> and visually dazzling.<a href="#cite_note-RevWaPoGaryArnold-258">[241]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Harwood" title="Jim Harwood">Jim Harwood</a> said he was let down only by the familiarity of the effects from the original, which were emulated by other films.<a href="#cite_note-RevVariety-265">[248]</a> Champlin appreciated that the effects were used to enhance scenes rather than being the focus.<a href="#cite_note-RevLaTimes-260">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Accolades">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnwilliams2006.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Composer John Williams, balding, with a beard and wearing glasses looking directly at the camera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Johnwilliams2006.JPG/170px-Johnwilliams2006.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Johnwilliams2006.JPG/255px-Johnwilliams2006.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Johnwilliams2006.JPG/340px-Johnwilliams2006.JPG 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="722" /></a><figcaption>Composer <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a> (pictured in 2006) won two <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a> for his score to The Empire Strikes Back, in addition to nominations for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">BAFTA</a> awards.</figcaption></figure> At the <a href="/wiki/53rd_Academy_Awards" title="53rd Academy Awards">1981 Academy Awards</a>, The Empire Strikes Back won the award for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound_Mixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing">Best Sound</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bill_Varney" title="Bill Varney">Bill Varney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Maslow" title="Steve Maslow">Steve Maslow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Landaker" title="Gregg Landaker">Gregg Landaker</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sutton_(sound_engineer)" title="Peter Sutton (sound engineer)">Peter Sutton</a>) and a <a href="/wiki/Special_Achievement_Academy_Award" title="Special Achievement Academy Award">Special Achievement Academy Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Best Visual Effects</a> (Johnson, Edlund, Muren, and Nicholson). The film received a further two nominations: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Production Design">Best Art Direction</a> (Reynolds, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Dilley" title="Leslie Dilley">Leslie Dilley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lange" title="Harry Lange">Harry Lange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Tomkins" title="Alan Tomkins">Alan Tomkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Ford" title="Michael D. Ford">Michael Ford</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Academy Award for Best Original Score">Best Original Score</a> (John Williams).<a href="#cite_note-Oscars1980-268">[251]</a> Williams also won two <a href="/wiki/23rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="23rd Annual Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Instrumental_Composition" title="Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition">Best Instrumental Composition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Score_Soundtrack_for_Visual_Media" title="Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media">Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Grammys-269">[252]</a> He earned the film's sole <a href="/wiki/39th_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="39th Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Awards</a> nomination, for <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score">Best Original Score</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GoldenGlobes-270">[253]</a> The <a href="/wiki/34th_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="34th British Academy Film Awards">34th British Academy Film Awards</a> garnered Empire one award for <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award for Best Film Music">Best Music</a> (Williams), and two additional nominations: <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Sound" title="BAFTA Award for Best Sound">Best Sound</a> (Sutton, Varney, and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Burtt" title="Ben Burtt">Ben Burtt</a>) and <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="BAFTA Award for Best Production Design">Best Production Design</a> (Reynolds).<a href="#cite_note-Baftas-271">[254]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/8th_Saturn_Awards" title="8th Saturn Awards">8th Saturn Awards</a>, Empire received four awards: <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film">Best Science Fiction Film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Saturn Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> (Kershner), <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Saturn Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> (Hamill), and <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Special_Effects" title="Saturn Award for Best Special Effects">Best Special Effects</a> (Johnson and Edlund).<a href="#cite_note-SaturnAwards-272">[255]</a> The film also won a <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation">Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation</a> and a <a href="/wiki/7th_People%27s_Choice_Awards" title="7th People's Choice Awards">People's Choice Award</a> for Favorite Motion Picture.<a href="#cite_note-HugoAwards-273">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-PeoplesChoice-274">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-release">Post-release</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Post-release">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Edition_and_other_changes">Special Edition and other changes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Special Edition and other changes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Changes_in_Star_Wars_re-releases" title="Changes in Star Wars re-releases">Changes in Star Wars re-releases</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_People_vs._George_Lucas" title="The People vs. George Lucas">The People vs. George Lucas</a></div> As part of his plan to develop a <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_prequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars prequel trilogy">prequel trilogy of films</a> in the late 1990s, Lucas remastered and rereleased the original trilogy, including Empire, under the title Star Wars Trilogy: Special Edition to test special effects. This included altering scenes or adding new scenes, some of which tied into the prequel films. Lucas described it as bringing the trilogy closer to his original vision with modern technology. Among the alterations were full shots of the wampa and <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated</a> locations with added buildings or people.<a href="#cite_note-WiredSPecial-275">[258]</a> These editions were well received by critics. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> called Empire the best and "heart" of the original trilogy.<a href="#cite_note-1997Ebert-276">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-1997SFGate-277">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-1997EW-278">[261]</a> Since their initial release, the Special Editions have been altered multiple times. For the 2004 rerelease, the Clive Revill/Elaine Baker Emperor was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Ian_McDiarmid" title="Ian McDiarmid">Ian McDiarmid</a>, who had performed the role since <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983).<a href="#cite_note-WiredSPecial-275">[258]</a> <a href="/wiki/Temuera_Morrison" title="Temuera Morrison">Temuera Morrison</a>, who portrayed Fett's clone predecessor in <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones</a> (2002), dubbed over Wingreen's lines.<a href="#cite_note-VanityFairBulloch-110">[99]</a> Minor changes were made for the 2011 Blu-ray release, including adding flames to the probe droid's impact crater and color modifications.<a href="#cite_note-WIredBlurRayReview-279">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-ScreenRantBluRay2011-280">[263]</a> The Special Edition releases were controversial with fans, who considered the changes to the original films unnecessary or too substantial.<a href="#cite_note-WiredSPecial-275">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-SciFiSpecialEditions-281">[264]</a> The unaltered versions have been commercially unavailable since a 2006 DVD release, which used unrestored footage from an early 1990s <a href="/wiki/Laserdisc" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">Laserdisc</a> release. <a href="/wiki/Harmy%27s_Despecialized_Edition" title="Harmy's Despecialized Edition">Harmy's Despecialized Edition</a> is an unofficial fan effort to preserve the unaltered films.<a href="#cite_note-VoxSpecialEditions-282">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABCSpecial-283">[266]</a> The 2010 documentary <a href="/wiki/The_People_vs._George_Lucas" title="The People vs. George Lucas">The People vs. George Lucas</a> documents the relationship between the films, their fans, and Lucas.<a href="#cite_note-IndependentPrequels-284">[267]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_media">Home media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Home media">edit</a>]</div> Empire was released on <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> (Video Home System), Laserdisc, and <a href="/wiki/Capacitance_Electronic_Disc" title="Capacitance Electronic Disc">CED</a> videodisc formats at Christmas 1984 at a price of $79.95 and became the top-selling tape at that price point at the time with sales of 375,000 units.<a href="#cite_note-285">[268]</a> The VHS and Laserdisc versions received various releases in the following years, often alongside the other original trilogy films in collections, with minor alterations such as <a href="/wiki/Letterboxing_(filming)" title="Letterboxing (filming)">widescreen formats</a> or remastered sound. The 1992 Special Collector's Edition included the documentary From Star Wars to Jedi: The Making of a Saga. In 1997, the Special Edition of the original trilogy was released on VHS.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireHomeVideo-286">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-StarWars.com_2015-287">[270]</a> When the film debuted on television in November 1987, it was preceded by a second-person introduction by Darth Vader, framed as an interruption of the Earth broadcast by the Galactic Empire.<a href="#cite_note-ComicBookTVDebut-288">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimesBroadcast-289">[272]</a> The film was released on <a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD</a> in 2004, collected with Star Wars and Return of the Jedi, with additional alterations to each film. The release included the documentary <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Dreams:_The_Story_of_the_Star_Wars_Trilogy" title="Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy">Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy</a>, about the making of the original trilogy.<a href="#cite_note-SyFyEmpireofDreams-290">[273]</a> Lucas said the modified versions were the way he had wanted them to be, and he had no interest in restoring the original theatrical cuts for release. Public demand eventually led to the release of the 2006 Limited Edition DVD collection that included the original unmodified films transferred from the 1993 Laserdisc Definitive Edition, creating problems with the image display.<a href="#cite_note-EmpireHomeVideo-286">[269]</a> Empire was released on <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> in 2011, as part of a collection containing the Special Edition original trilogy and a separate version containing the original and prequel trilogies alongside <a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">featurettes</a> about the making of the films.<a href="#cite_note-WIredBlurRayReview-279">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-StarWarsDotCom2011BluRay-291">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-i092011BluRay-292">[275]</a> In 2015, Empire and the other available films were released <a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">digitally</a> on various platforms. A <a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K resolution</a> version—restored from the 1997 Special Edition print—was released in 2019 on <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a>.<a href="#cite_note-digital_download-293">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-ScreenRantDisneyPlus-294">[277]</a> In 2020, a 27-disc Skywalker Saga box set was released, which contained all nine films in the series. It featured a Blu-ray version and a <a href="/wiki/4K_Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" class="mw-redirect" title="4K Ultra HD Blu-ray">4K Ultra HD Blu-ray</a> version of each film, as well as special features from the 2011 release.<a href="#cite_note-SkywalkerSagaBoxSet-295">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_media">Other media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Other media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars franchise</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_video_games" title="List of Star Wars video games">List of Star Wars video games</a></div> Merchandise for The Empire Strikes Back includes posters, children's books, clothing, character busts and statues, action figures, furnishings, and <a href="/wiki/Lego" title="Lego">Lego</a> sets.<a href="#cite_note-300">[k]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Novelization" title="Novelization">novelization</a> of the film, written by <a href="/wiki/Donald_F._Glut" title="Donald F. Glut">Donald F. Glut</a> and released in April 1980, was a success, selling 2–3 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010344-301">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-StarWarsDotComNovel-302">[284]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(1977_comic_book)" title="Star Wars (1977 comic book)">Star Wars</a> comic book series, launched in 1977 by <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a> and written by <a href="/wiki/Archie_Goodwin_(comics)" title="Archie Goodwin (comics)">Archie Goodwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Infantino" title="Carmine Infantino">Carmine Infantino</a>, adapted the original trilogy of films; Empire's run began in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-AVClubComicBook-303">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-SYFYComicBook-304">[286]</a> The book The Making of the Empire Strikes Back (2010) by <a href="/wiki/J._W._Rinzler" title="J. W. Rinzler">J. W. Rinzler</a> provides a comprehensive history of the film's production, including behind-the-scenes photos and cast interviews.<a href="#cite_note-TechRepublicPage1-299">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-VanityFairRinzler-305">[287]</a> The film was the first in the series to be adapted for video games, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(1982_video_game)" title="Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1982 video game)">Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1982) developed by <a href="/wiki/Parker_Brothers" title="Parker Brothers">Parker Brothers</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a> games console.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesParker-306">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-ARNnet-307">[289]</a> This was followed in 1985 by the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(1985_video_game)" title="Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1985 video game)">Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back</a> <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade game</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ScreenRantGames-308">[290]</a> <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Trilogy_Arcade" title="Star Wars Trilogy Arcade">Star Wars Trilogy Arcade</a> (1998) features the Hoth battle as a <a href="/wiki/Level_(video_games)" title="Level (video games)">level</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ScreenRantGames-308">[290]</a> <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(1992_video_game)" title="Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1992 video game)">Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back</a> was released in 1992 for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> and <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Super_Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back">Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back</a> followed in 1993 for the <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ARNnet-307">[289]</a> Scenes from Empire have also appeared in games like <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Rogue_Squadron" title="Star Wars: Rogue Squadron">Star Wars: Rogue Squadron</a> (1998) and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Battlefront:_Renegade_Squadron" title="Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron">Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron</a> (2007).<a href="#cite_note-ARNnet-307">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-BusinessInsideGames-309">[291]</a> The Empire Strikes Back <a href="/wiki/Pinball" title="Pinball">pinball</a> machine (1980) was the first officially licensed Star Wars pinball machine. It became a collector's item, as only 350 machines were produced exclusively in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-ScreenRantGames-308">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thematic_analysis">Thematic analysis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Thematic analysis">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_sources_and_analogues" title="Star Wars sources and analogues">Star Wars sources and analogues</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mythology_and_inspirations">Mythology and inspirations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Mythology and inspirations">edit</a>]</div> Critical analysis has suggested various inspirations for Empire, particularly the early 1930s <a href="/wiki/Flash_Gordon_(serial)" title="Flash Gordon (serial)">Flash Gordon</a> serials that include a cloud city similar to Bespin. Film critic Tim Robey wrote that much of Empire's imagery and narrative can be connected to the 1975 film <a href="/wiki/Dersu_Uzala_(1975_film)" title="Dersu Uzala (1975 film)">Dersu Uzala</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a>—whose work inspired Lucas.<a href="#cite_note-TelegraphThemes-310">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-BFIKurosawa-311">[293]</a> Muren described the Empire's assault on Hoth with AT-AT vehicles as an analogy for the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, specifically an invading military employing equipment inappropriate for the local terrain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201055-312">[294]</a> Clarke identified Luke as the heir to mythological heroes, such as <a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason" title="Jason">Jason</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Galahad" title="Galahad">Galahad</a>. He is guided initially by a traditional aide, Obi-Wan, who offers the promise of destiny until he is replaced by Yoda.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkeB198066-313">[295]</a> Anne Lancashire wrote that the Yoda narrative is a traditional mythological tale in which the hero is trained by a wise old master and must abandon all his preconceived notions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198140-314">[296]</a> Clarke described <a href="/wiki/Hero%27s_journey" title="Hero's journey">Luke's journey</a> as the hero who ventures into the unknown to be tested by his own dark impulses but eventually overcomes them. He believed this represented the human ability to control irrational impulsiveness to serve love, order, and justice.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkeB198066-313">[295]</a> Lucas wanted Yoda to be a traditional fairy-tale or mythological character, akin to a frog or an unassuming old man, to instill a message about respecting everyone and not judging on appearance alone, because he believed that would lead the hero to succeed.<a href="#cite_note-ObserverYoda-315">[297]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a>'s Brandon Katz described Yoda as deepening the Force through philosophy. Yoda says they are all luminous beings beyond just flesh and matter, and presents the Jedi as <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> warriors who work in harmony with the Force. Kasdan described them as enlightened warrior priests, similar to <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">Samurai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010344-301">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-ObserverYoda-315">[297]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> In developing the Force, Lucas said he wanted it to represent the core essence of multiple religions unified by their common traits. Primarily, he designed it with the intent that there is good, evil, and a god. Lucas's personal faith includes a <a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">belief in God</a> and basic morality, such as treating others fairly and not taking another's life. The Presbyterian Journal described the film's religious message as closer to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern religions</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> than <a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian" title="Judeo-Christian">Judeo-Christian</a>, presenting <a href="/wiki/Good_and_evil" title="Good and evil">good and evil</a> as abstract concepts. Similarly, God or the Force is an impersonal entity, taking no <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">direct action</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a> said that the film's drama is caused by the absence of a righteous god or being creating a direct influence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010344-301">[283]</a> Lancashire and J. W. Rinzler described Luke's journey as based purely on Christianity, focused on destiny and <a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">free will</a>, with Luke serving as a <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Christ</a>-like figure and Vader as a <a href="/wiki/Fallen_angel" title="Fallen angel">fallen angel</a> attempting to lure him toward evil.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198141,_44-316">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010344-301">[283]</a> Kershner said any religious symbolism was unintentional, as he wanted to focus on the power of an individual's untapped potential instead of magic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010344-301">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Duality_and_evil">Duality and evil</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Duality and evil">edit</a>]</div> Anne Lancashire contrasted the first Star Wars film's message of idealism, heroics, and friendship with the more complex tone of Empire.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198139-317">[299]</a> The latter challenges the former's notions, primarily because Luke loses his innocence in coming to perceive people as neither entirely good nor evil.<a href="#cite_note-StarWarsThemes-318">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198140,_42-319">[301]</a> The scene in which Luke enters the dark side cave on Dagobah represents where his anger will lead him and forces him to move beyond his belief that he is completely on the light side of the Force.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkeB198066-313">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198140-314">[296]</a> Kershner said the cave tests Luke against his greatest fear, but because the fear is in his mind, and he brought his weapon with him, it creates a scenario where he is forced to use it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010258-320">[302]</a> After defeating the avatar of Vader, the mask splits open to reveal Luke's face, suggesting he will succumb to the temptations of the dark side unless he learns patience and to abandon his anger.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198140–41-321">[303]</a> The darkness is similarly presented in Han, a self-interested smuggler struggling with his growing feelings for Leia and the responsibility associated with her cause. The film represents his two sides in Leia and Lando, a representative of his smuggler life.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198143–44-322">[304]</a> Empire questions the cost of friendship. Where Star Wars presents traditional friendship, Empire presents friendship as requiring sacrifice. Han sacrifices himself in the frigid cold of Hoth to save Luke's life.<a href="#cite_note-StarWarsThemes-318">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198142-323">[305]</a> Similarly, Luke abandons his Jedi training, something he has longed for, to rescue his friends. This can be seen as a selfish choice, as he does so against Yoda and Obi-Wan's instructions, potentially sacrificing himself for his friends instead of training to defeat the Empire, a cause his friends support.<a href="#cite_note-StarWarsThemes-318">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198142-323">[305]</a> According to Lancashire, characters are shown to be heroic through sacrificing for others instead of fighting battles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198148-324">[306]</a> Lancashire believed that Luke's impatience to leave for Bespin exemplifies his lack of growth from his training.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198140–41-321">[303]</a> There, Vader tempts him with the power of the dark side and the revelation that he is Luke's father.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010344-301">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkeB198066-313">[295]</a> Vader wants Luke's help to destroy the Emperor, not for good, but so that Vader can impose his own order over the galaxy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010344-301">[283]</a> This admission robs Luke of the idealized image of his Jedi father, reveals Obi-Wan's deception in hiding his parentage, and takes the last of his innocence.<a href="#cite_note-StarWarsThemes-318">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-StarWarsThemes2-325">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-ScreenRantThemesObi-326">[308]</a> Gerald Clarke suggests Luke is not strong or virtuous enough to resist Vader during this confrontation, and so allows himself to fall into the airshaft below, showing the antagonist does sometimes win.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkeB198066-313">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-StarWarsThemes-318">[300]</a> The concept of a character having a good father and an evil father is a common story trope because of its simple representations of good and evil.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010344-301">[283]</a> At the film's finale, Luke has a greater understanding of the relationship between good and evil, and the <a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">dual nature</a> of people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELancashire198141-327">[309]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_reassessment">Critical reassessment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Critical reassessment">edit</a>]</div> The Empire Strikes Back remains an enduringly popular piece of cinema.<a href="#cite_note-SyFy40Years-191">[176]</a> It is considered groundbreaking for its <a href="/wiki/Cliffhanger" title="Cliffhanger">cliffhanger</a> ending, influence on mainstream films, and special effects.<a href="#cite_note-332">[l]</a> Brian Lowry of <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> wrote that without the "groundwork laid by one of the best sequels ever, [the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars franchise</a>] wouldn't be the force that it is now".<a href="#cite_note-CNNLowry-333">[314]</a> Despite the film's initial mixed reception, it has since been reevaluated by critics and fans and is now often considered the best film in the Star Wars series, and one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">greatest films ever made</a>.<a href="#cite_note-344">[m]</a> In 2014, members of the entertainment industry ranked Empire as the 32nd-best film of all time in a poll conducted by The Hollywood Reporter (Star Wars was #11).<a href="#cite_note-THRJun14-345">[325]</a> <a href="/wiki/Empire_(film_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire (film magazine)">Empire</a> magazine named it the third-best film of all time, stating that the modern cliché of sequels employing a darker tone can be traced back to Empire.<a href="#cite_note-Empire500-336">[317]</a> A 1997 retrospective review by Roger Ebert declared the film the best of the original trilogy, praising the depth of its storytelling and its ability to create a sense of wonder in the audience.<a href="#cite_note-EbertRetro-346">[326]</a> A vote by 250,000 <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a> readers in 2014 listed it as the greatest film ever made; it is also included in the 2013 film reference book <a href="/wiki/1001_Movies_You_Must_See_Before_You_Die" title="1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die">1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BIBestReaders-347">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider2013-348">[328]</a> The revelation that Vader is Luke's father continues to be seen as one of the greatest <a href="/wiki/Plot_twist" title="Plot twist">plot twists</a> in cinema.<a href="#cite_note-355">[n]</a> Similarly, Han saying "I know" in response to Leia's love confession is considered one of the most iconic scenes in the Star Wars films and one of the more famous lines of improvised dialogue in cinema.<a href="#cite_note-361">[o]</a> Empire magazine selected the film as the sixth greatest movie sequel, lauding the "bold" unresolved ending and willingness to avoid the same formula as the first film.<a href="#cite_note-Empire50GreatestSequels-362">[340]</a> <a href="/wiki/Den_of_Geek" title="Den of Geek">Den of Geek</a> called it the second-best sequel—after <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a> (1986)—and hailed it as Lucas's "masterpiece".<a href="#cite_note-DOGBlockbusterSequel-334">[315]</a> <a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a> named it the third-best sequel, describing the disclosure of the relationship between Luke and Vader as the "emotional core that has elevated Star Wars to the pantheon of timeless modern sagas".<a href="#cite_note-Playboy-335">[316]</a> The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collider_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collider (website)">Collider</a> listed it as one of the best sequels ever made,<a href="#cite_note-BestSequelBBC-363">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-BestSequelCollider-364">[342]</a> while Time and Playboy described it as a sequel that surpasses the original.<a href="#cite_note-Playboy-335">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-BestSequelsTime-365">[343]</a> Review aggregator <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a> recognizes it as the 27th-best sequel, based on review scores.<a href="#cite_note-RTTop100Sequels-366">[344]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>'s 2014 reader-voted list of the best sequels listed Empire at third.<a href="#cite_note-RollingStoneReaderBest-367">[345]</a> On the <a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">review aggregator</a> website <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, 95% of 112 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 9/10. The website's consensus reads: "Dark, sinister, but ultimately even more involving than A New Hope, The Empire Strikes Back defies viewer expectations and takes the series to heightened emotional levels."<a href="#cite_note-RottenTomatoes-368">[346]</a> Empire has a score of 82 out of 100 on <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a> based on the reviews of 25 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".<a href="#cite_note-Metacritic-369">[347]</a> Characters introduced in the film, such as Yoda and Lando Calrissian, are now considered iconic.<a href="#cite_note-375">[p]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> ranked Darth Vader as the third best villain on its 2003 list of the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Heroes_%26_Villains" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains">100 Best Heroes & Villains</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Norman_Bates" title="Norman Bates">Norman Bates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Lecter" title="Hannibal Lecter">Hannibal Lecter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AFIHeroes-376">[353]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_influence">Cultural influence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Cultural influence">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Star_Wars" title="Cultural impact of Star Wars">Cultural impact of Star Wars</a></div> The Empire Strikes Back was ubiquitous in American culture upon its release.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010336-241">[226]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Mercury" title="Freddie Mercury">Freddie Mercury</a> ended a 1980 <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a> concert by riding on the shoulders of someone dressed as Darth Vader.<a href="#cite_note-StarWarsUKPremiere-225">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010328,_336-377">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-AVClubCulture-378">[355]</a> The film was referenced in <a href="/wiki/Political_cartoon" title="Political cartoon">political cartoons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010336-241">[226]</a> Kershner received letters from fans around the world asking for autographs, and from psychologists who had used Yoda to explain philosophical ideas to their patients.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010339-354">[334]</a> Other films, television shows, and video games have extensively referenced or parodied the film,<a href="#cite_note-CultureFilm-379">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-CultureVG-380">[357]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a> (MCU),<a href="#cite_note-CultureMCU-381">[358]</a> <a href="/wiki/Spaceballs" title="Spaceballs">Spaceballs</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Muppet_Show" title="The Muppet Show">The Muppet Show</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Dad!" title="American Dad!">American Dad!</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CultureFilm-379">[356]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CultureSimpsons-382">[359]</a> <a href="/wiki/Laugh_It_Up,_Fuzzball:_The_Family_Guy_Trilogy" title="Laugh It Up, Fuzzball: The Family Guy Trilogy">Family Guy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robot_Chicken" title="Robot Chicken">Robot Chicken</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CultureFamilyGuy-383">[360]</a> In 2010, the United States <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> selected The Empire Strikes Back for preservation in the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<a href="#cite_note-Loc-384">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-LOCTHR-385">[362]</a> Landon Palmer, Eric Diaz, and Darren Mooney argue that Empire, and not Star Wars, created the concept of the modern blockbuster film franchise, which includes sequels serving as chapters in an infinitely expanding narrative—a template which was embraced by other film properties in the decades following Empire's release. This new paradigm stood in opposition to the popular trend of exploiting a successful film by creating low-budget sequels (which resulted in diminishing returns, as happened with the <a href="/wiki/Jaws_(franchise)" title="Jaws (franchise)">Jaws franchise</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Escapist-386">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-LandonPalmer-387">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-NerdistBlockbuster-388">[365]</a> Instead, more money was spent on Empire to expand the fictional universe and reap greater box-office returns. The use of a cliffhanger ending to set up a future sequel is seen in many modern films, particularly those in the MCU.<a href="#cite_note-Escapist-386">[363]</a> It has also been suggested that Empire forged a narrative structure that continues to be emulated in trilogies, wherein the middle film is darker than the original and features an ending in which the protagonists fail to defeat the antagonists (which sets up a subsequent film). Emmet Asher-Perrin and Ben Sherlock cite the series <a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future_(franchise)" title="Back to the Future (franchise)">Back to the Future</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_(franchise)" title="The Matrix (franchise)">The Matrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">The Lord of the Rings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean_(film_series)" title="Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)">Pirates of the Caribbean</a> as examples.<a href="#cite_note-TOR-389">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-ScreenRantInspo-390">[367]</a> Filmmakers such as the <a href="/wiki/Russo_brothers" title="Russo brothers">Russo brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roland_Emmerich" title="Roland Emmerich">Roland Emmerich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Feige" title="Kevin Feige">Kevin Feige</a>, and actors such as <a href="/wiki/Neil_Patrick_Harris" title="Neil Patrick Harris">Neil Patrick Harris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Carrey" title="Jim Carrey">Jim Carrey</a>, cite Empire as an inspiration in their careers or identify as fans.<a href="#cite_note-396">[q]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sequels,_prequels,_and_adaptations">Sequels, prequels, and adaptations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sequels, prequels, and adaptations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_prequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars prequel trilogy">Star Wars prequel trilogy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_sequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars sequel trilogy">Star Wars sequel trilogy</a></div> The Empire Strikes Back was adapted into a <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars (radio)">1982 radio play</a> broadcast on <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">National Public Radio</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesRadioDrama-397">[373]</a> Return of the Jedi was released in 1983, concluding the original film trilogy. Jedi's plot follows the Rebel assault on the Empire and Luke's final confrontation with Vader and the Emperor. Like the previous films, Jedi was a financial success and fared well with critics.<a href="#cite_note-DOGROTJ-398">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-EpisodeVIBFI-399">[375]</a> Nearly two decades after the release of Empire, Lucas wrote and directed the <a href="/wiki/Prequel_trilogy" class="mw-redirect" title="Prequel trilogy">prequel trilogy</a>, consisting of <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">The Phantom Menace</a> (1999), <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Attack of the Clones</a> (2002), and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005). The films chronicle the history between Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker, and the latter's fall to the dark side and transformation into Darth Vader. The storylines and certain new characters in the prequel films polarized critics and fans.<a href="#cite_note-404">[r]</a> After Lucas sold the Star Wars franchise to <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">the Walt Disney Company</a> in 2012, Disney developed a <a href="/wiki/Sequel_trilogy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sequel trilogy">sequel trilogy</a>, consisting of <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">The Force Awakens</a> (2015), <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi">The Last Jedi</a> (2017), and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Rise_of_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker">The Rise of Skywalker</a> (2019).<a href="#cite_note-410">[s]</a> Original trilogy cast members—including Ford, Hamill, and Fisher—reprised their roles, and were joined by new characters portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Ridley" title="Daisy Ridley">Daisy Ridley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Boyega" title="John Boyega">John Boyega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Driver" title="Adam Driver">Adam Driver</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Isaac" title="Oscar Isaac">Oscar Isaac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EpisodeVIIBFI-411">[385]</a> <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars#Films" title="Star Wars">Standalone films</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars#Television" title="Star Wars">television series</a> have also been released, with narratives relating to the story arcs of the original trilogy.<a href="#cite_note-415">[t]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> This figure represents the cumulative total accounting for the initial worldwide 1980 gross of $401.5 million and subsequent releases thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroves199714-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoods199714-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times,_May1980-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-BoMWorldwideTotal2021-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheNumbersWWTotal2021-5">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Also known as Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope (1977) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> As depicted in <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a>, also known as Episode IV – A New Hope (1977). </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> As depicted in <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Eaton" title="Marjorie Eaton">Marjorie Eaton</a> was filmed as the Emperor in February 1980, but her screen test was rejected. She was replaced by Elaine Baker in makeup with the voice provided by <a href="/wiki/Clive_Revill" title="Clive Revill">Clive Revill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308-31">[27]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> The 1980 budget of $30.5 million is equivalent to $113 million in 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> The 1980 worldwide box office gross of $401.5 million is equivalent to $1.48 billion in 2023 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler20102–3-36">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesPhenom1-37">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesPhenom2-38">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesPhenom3-39">[34]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Attributed to multiple references: <a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesROTJ-43">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler20102–4-44">[38]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler20104-47">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesROTJ-43">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005123–124-50">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201010,_30–31,_52,_53-51">[43]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOGBrackett-41">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201015-69">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005123-70">[61]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler201015,_19–21-74">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOGBrackett-41">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wired10Things-75">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimesKurtz-77">[67]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-VanityFairBulloch-110">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-BFICast-23">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-NMEWingreen-33">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-StarWarsRatzenberger-25">[21]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010108-122">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005125-99">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShay19807-123">[111]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHearn2005125-99">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010107-126">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMandell19806-127">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-EmpireMakingOf-21">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimesKurtz-48">[41]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVariety,_May1999-244">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-Deadline2020BO-245">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-BoMWorldwideTotal2021-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheNumbersWWTotal2021-5">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-i09Lego-296">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-StarWarsDotComMerch-297">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-EmpireMerch-298">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-TechRepublicPage1-299">[282]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-Space.COM-328">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-ScreenRantGroundbreak-329">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-StarWarsComGroundbreak-330">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOGGroundbreak-331">[313]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-DOGBlockbusterSequel-334">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-Playboy-335">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-Empire500-336">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-TotalFilm100-337">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-EmpireRetroReview-338">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOGMixed-339">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-SyFy40Years-191">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-USATodayBest-340">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-FilmSiteBest-341">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFGateBest-342">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimesKurtz-77">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Variety1002022-343">[324]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-TimeBestSequels-349">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOGMixed-339">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-I09Twist-350">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-USATodayBest-340">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-RingerTwist-351">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-EsquireTwist-352">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-ColliderTwist-353">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-Space.COM-328">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010339-354">[334]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-IKnowi09-356">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-IKnowCBR-357">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-IKnowSyFy-358">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-IKnowVulture-359">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-IKnowSlate-360">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-DOGMixed-339">[320]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-VergeYoda-370">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-ScreeRantYoda-371">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-ObserverYoda-315">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-WAPOLando-372">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-RadioTimesLando-373">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-GQLando-374">[352]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-396"><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-ColliderRusso-391">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-EmpireEmmerich-392">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-ColliderFeige-393">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPH-394">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-ColliderCarrey-395">[372]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-404"><a href="#cite_ref-404">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-IndependentPrequels-284">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-ScreenRantPrequels-400">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-GuardianPrequels-401">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-PrequelTrilogyBFI-402">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNetPrequels-403">[379]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-TheGuardianSequelTril-405">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-SequelTrilogy-406">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-EpisodeVII-407">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-EpisodeVIIITitle-408">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-EpisodeIXTitle-409">[384]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-415"><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a> Attributed to multiple references:<a href="#cite_note-GRadarOthers-22">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-ObserveSequelTrilogy-412">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-VarietySolo-413">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-TimeRogueOne-414">[388]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroves199714-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGroves199714_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGroves199714_1-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGroves1997">Groves 1997</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoods199714-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoods199714_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoods199714_2-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWoods1997">Woods 1997</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times,_May1980-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times,_May1980_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times,_May1980_3-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times,_May1980">The New York Times, May 1980</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-BoMWorldwideTotal2021-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BoMWorldwideTotal2021_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BoMWorldwideTotal2021_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BoMWorldwideTotal2021_4-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0080684/">"Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509122316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0080684/">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.atitle=Star+Wars%3A+Episode+V+%E2%80%93+The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0080684%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheNumbersWWTotal2021-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TheNumbersWWTotal2021_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheNumbersWWTotal2021_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheNumbersWWTotal2021_5-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Empire-Strikes-Back-The">"Star Wars Ep. V: The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Numbers_(website)" title="The Numbers (website)">The Numbers</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210629191738/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Star-Wars-Ep-V-The-Empire-Strikes-Back#tab=summary">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Numbers&rft.atitle=Star+Wars+Ep.+V%3A+The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-numbers.com%2Fmovie%2FEmpire-Strikes-Back-The&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CastWiredLuke-10"><a href="#cite_ref-CastWiredLuke_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckerman2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Ackerman" title="Spencer Ackerman">Ackerman, Spencer</a> (February 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2013/02/battle-of-hoth/">"Inside the battle of Hoth: The Empire strikes out"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126074752/https://www.wired.com/2013/02/battle-of-hoth/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Inside+the+battle+of+Hoth%3A+The+Empire+strikes+out&rft.date=2012-02-13&rft.aulast=Ackerman&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2013%2F02%2Fbattle-of-hoth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CastBBCHan-11"><a href="#cite_ref-CastBBCHan_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-33439026">"Star Wars: Han Solo origin film announced"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. July 8, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204170915/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-33439026">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Star+Wars%3A+Han+Solo+origin+film+announced&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2015-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-33439026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CastQuartzHan-12"><a href="#cite_ref-CastQuartzHan_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpstein2015" class="citation web cs1">Epstein, Adam (July 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/447959/11-actors-who-are-harrison-ford-y-enough-to-pull-off-a-young-han-solo/">"11 actors who are Harrison Ford-y enough to pull off a young Han Solo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211105205701/https://qz.com/447959/11-actors-who-are-harrison-ford-y-enough-to-pull-off-a-young-han-solo/">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=11+actors+who+are+Harrison+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3EFord-y%3C%2Fspan%3E+enough+to+pull+off+a+young+Han+Solo&rft.date=2015-07-08&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F447959%2F11-actors-who-are-harrison-ford-y-enough-to-pull-off-a-young-han-solo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QuartzPrincessLeia-13"><a href="#cite_ref-QuartzPrincessLeia_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2015" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Mike (October 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/530524/we-should-think-of-leia-as-a-politician-as-much-as-a-princess/">"We should think of Leia from Star Wars as a politician as much as a princess"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181025190244/https://qz.com/530524/we-should-think-of-leia-as-a-politician-as-much-as-a-princess/">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2018. 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Retrieved March 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Billy+Dee+Williams+on+getting+back+into+Lando%27s+cape+for+The+Rise+Of+Skywalker&rft.date=2019-12-05&rft.aulast=Moreau&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Fbilly-dee-williams-the-rise-of-skywalker-lando-calrissian-1203421823%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CastSmithsonC3PO-15"><a href="#cite_ref-CastSmithsonC3PO_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacGregor2017" class="citation web cs1">MacGregor, Jeff (December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/anthony-daniels-c3po-unlikely-dash-humanity-180967212/">"How Anthony Daniels gives C-3PO an unlikely dash of humanity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506210129/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/anthony-daniels-c3po-unlikely-dash-humanity-180967212/">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2021. 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Retrieved October 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Actor+who+played+Rogue+Two+in+Star+Wars+dies+aged+67&rft.date=2014-02-19&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2014%2F02%2F19%2Factor_who_played_rogue_two_in_star_wars_dies_aged_67%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArsTechicaZev-28"><a href="#cite_ref-ArsTechicaZev_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson2015" class="citation web cs1">Hutchinson, Lee (December 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/the-multiverse/2015/03/first-star-wars-spin-off-movie-gets-name-and-a-date-rogue-one-next-december/">"First Star Wars spin-off movie gets name and a date: Rogue One, next December"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181026025117/https://arstechnica.com/the-multiverse/2015/03/first-star-wars-spin-off-movie-gets-name-and-a-date-rogue-one-next-december/">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2018. 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Retrieved March 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=io9&rft.atitle=Yoda+was+originally+played+by+a+monkey+in+a+mask%2C+and+other+secrets+of+The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft.date=2010-10-10&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=Alasdair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fio9.com%2F5660319%2Fyoda-was-originally-played-by-a-monkey-in-a-mask-and-other-secrets-of-the-empire-strikes-back&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308_31-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308_31-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308_31-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010308_31-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinzler2010">Rinzler 2010</a>, p. 308. </li> <li id="cite_note-NMEWingreen-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NMEWingreen_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NMEWingreen_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunn2016" class="citation web cs1">Gunn, Charlotte (January 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/jason-wingreen-voice-of-boba-fett-in-the-empire-st-869766">"Jason Wingreen, voice of Boba Fett in The Empire Strikes Back, dies aged 95"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210312143206/https://www.nme.com/news/jason-wingreen-voice-of-boba-fett-in-the-empire-st-869766">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2021. 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Retrieved March 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hollywood+is+taking+aim+at+the+funny+bone&rft.date=1979-08-05&rft.aulast=Harmetz&rft.aufirst=Aljean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F08%2F05%2Farchives%2Fhollywood-is-taking-aim-at-the-funny-bone-hollywood-aims-at-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010300-212"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010300_212-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinzler2010">Rinzler 2010</a>, p. 300. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010255-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010255_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinzler2010">Rinzler 2010</a>, p. 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010335-214">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010335_214-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010335_214-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinzler2010">Rinzler 2010</a>, p. 335. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010324-215"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010324_215-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinzler2010">Rinzler 2010</a>, p. 324. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010154,_323-216"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010154,_323_216-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinzler2010">Rinzler 2010</a>, pp. 154, 323. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimesDGA-217"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimesDGA_217-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmetz1981" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aljean_Harmetz" title="Aljean Harmetz">Harmetz, Aljean</a> (July 31, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/06/02/archives/john-barry-designer-won-academy-award-for-star-wars-film-made.html">"But can hollywood live without George Lucas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727192642/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/13/movies/but-can-hollywood-live-without-george-lucas.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=But+can+hollywood+live+without+George+Lucas&rft.date=1981-07-31&rft.aulast=Harmetz&rft.aufirst=Aljean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F06%2F02%2Farchives%2Fjohn-barry-designer-won-academy-award-for-star-wars-film-made.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1978" class="citation news cs1">Grant, Hank (January 25, 1978). 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May 19, 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720223730/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,924123,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2020. 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October 24, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422134616/https://www.gettyimagesgallery.com/images/the-empire-strikes-back-premiere/">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2021. 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January 9, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109235349/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1980W21/occasion/us_memorialday_weekend/?ref_=bo_rl_table_2">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Domestic+1980+weekend+21&rft.pub=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.date=2020-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fweekend%2F1980W21%2Foccasion%2Fus_memorialday_weekend%2F%3Fref_%3Dbo_rl_table_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GizmodoOpening-230"><a href="#cite_ref-GizmodoOpening_230-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLussier2017" class="citation web cs1">Lussier, Germain (December 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-movies-that-had-the-hubris-to-open-the-same-week-as-1820890662">"The movies that had the hubris to open the same week as the Star Wars films"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gizmodo" title="Gizmodo">Gizmodo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803031408/https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-movies-that-had-the-hubris-to-open-the-same-week-as-1820890662">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved January 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=The+movies+that+had+the+hubris+to+open+the+same+week+as+the+Star+Wars+films&rft.date=2017-12-14&rft.aulast=Lussier&rft.aufirst=Germain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2Fthe-movies-that-had-the-hubris-to-open-the-same-week-as-1820890662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimesFirstWeekAverage-231"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimesFirstWeekAverage_231-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmetz1981" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aljean_Harmetz" title="Aljean Harmetz">Harmetz, Aljean</a> (June 2, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/02/movies/how-does-hollywood-decide-if-a-film-is-a-hit.html">"How does Hollywood decide if a film is a hit?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524075418/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/02/movies/how-does-hollywood-decide-if-a-film-is-a-hit.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+does+Hollywood+decide+if+a+film+is+a+hit%3F&rft.date=1981-06-02&rft.aulast=Harmetz&rft.aufirst=Aljean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F06%2F02%2Fmovies%2Fhow-does-hollywood-decide-if-a-film-is-a-hit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOMNewHope-232"><a href="#cite_ref-BOMNewHope_232-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2759034369/weekend/?ref_=bo_tt_gr#table">"Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. January 9, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109234833/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl2759034369/weekend/?ref_=bo_tt_gr">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Star+Wars%3A+Episode+IV+%E2%80%93+A+New+Hope&rft.pub=Box+Office+Mojo&rft.date=2020-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Frelease%2Frl2759034369%2Fweekend%2F%3Fref_%3Dbo_tt_gr%23table&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOMEmpireWeekEndJune13-233"><a href="#cite_ref-BOMEmpireWeekEndJune13_233-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1980W24/?ref_=bo_rl_table_4">"Domestic 1980 weekend 24"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420202125/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1980W24/?ref_=bo_rl_table_4">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Domestic+1980+weekend+24&rft.pub=Box+Office+Mojo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fweekend%2F1980W24%2F%3Fref_%3Dbo_rl_table_4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOMEmpireWeekEndJune20-234"><a href="#cite_ref-BOMEmpireWeekEndJune20_234-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1980W25/?ref_=bo_rl_table_5">"Domestic 1980 weekend 25"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420202127/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1980W25/?ref_=bo_rl_table_5">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Domestic+1980+weekend+25&rft.pub=Box+Office+Mojo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fweekend%2F1980W25%2F%3Fref_%3Dbo_rl_table_5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOMEmpireWeeklyJune20-235"><a href="#cite_ref-BOMEmpireWeeklyJune20_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekly/1980W25/?ref_=bo_rl_table_3">"Domestic 1980 week 25"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420140247/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekly/1980W25/?ref_=bo_rl_table_3">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Domestic+1980+week+25&rft.pub=Box+Office+Mojo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fweekly%2F1980W25%2F%3Fref_%3Dbo_rl_table_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimesSuperman-236"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimesSuperman_236-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmetz1981" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aljean_Harmetz" title="Aljean Harmetz">Harmetz, Aljean</a> (January 30, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/30/movies/superman-breaks-record.html">"Superman breaks record"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727181612/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/30/movies/superman-breaks-record.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Superman+breaks+record&rft.date=1981-01-30&rft.aulast=Harmetz&rft.aufirst=Aljean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F06%2F30%2Fmovies%2Fsuperman-breaks-record.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVariety,_August1980-237"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVariety,_August1980_237-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVariety,_August1980">Variety, August 1980</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-BOMEmpireWeekEndAug15-238"><a href="#cite_ref-BOMEmpireWeekEndAug15_238-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1980W33/?ref_=bo_rl_table_13">"Domestic 1980 weekend 33"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420140245/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/1980W33/?ref_=bo_rl_table_13">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Domestic+1980+weekend+33&rft.pub=Box+Office+Mojo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fweekend%2F1980W33%2F%3Fref_%3Dbo_rl_table_13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOMDomestic1980-239"><a href="#cite_ref-BOMDomestic1980_239-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/1980/?grossesOption=totalGrosses">"Domestic Box oOffice for 1980"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420204449/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/year/1980/?grossesOption=totalGrosses">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Domestic+Box+oOffice+for+1980&rft.pub=Box+Office+Mojo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fyear%2F1980%2F%3FgrossesOption%3DtotalGrosses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVariety,_May199930-240">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVariety,_May199930_240-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVariety,_May199930_240-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFVariety,_May1999">Variety, May 1999</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010336-241">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010336_241-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010336_241-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010336_241-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinzler2010">Rinzler 2010</a>, p. 336. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010346,_348-243"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010346,_348_243-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinzler2010">Rinzler 2010</a>, pp. 346, 348. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVariety,_May1999-244">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVariety,_May1999_244-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVariety,_May1999_244-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFVariety,_May1999">Variety, May 1999</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Deadline2020BO-245"><a href="#cite_ref-Deadline2020BO_245-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Alessandro2020" class="citation web cs1">D'Alessandro, Anthony (July 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2020/07/star-wars-empire-strikes-back-tops-weekend-box-office-drive-ins-coronavirus-1202983364/">"Empire Strikes Back leads at the weekend box office with $644K, 23 years after sequel's special edition – update"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714030226/https://deadline.com/2020/07/star-wars-empire-strikes-back-tops-weekend-box-office-drive-ins-coronavirus-1202983364/">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Empire+Strikes+Back+leads+at+the+weekend+box+office+with+%24644K%2C+23+years+after+sequel%27s+special+edition+%E2%80%93+update&rft.date=2020-07-13&rft.aulast=D%27Alessandro&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2020%2F07%2Fstar-wars-empire-strikes-back-tops-weekend-box-office-drive-ins-coronavirus-1202983364%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BomAdjusted-247"><a href="#cite_ref-BomAdjusted_247-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross_adjusted/?adjust_gross_to=2020">"Top lifetime adjusted grosses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704001942/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross_adjusted/?adjust_gross_to=2020">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+lifetime+adjusted+grosses&rft.pub=Box+Office+Mojo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boxofficemojo.com%2Fchart%2Ftop_lifetime_gross_adjusted%2F%3Fadjust_gross_to%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010332-248"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010332_248-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinzler2010">Rinzler 2010</a>, p. 332. </li> <li id="cite_note-StarWarsComReviews-249"><a href="#cite_ref-StarWarsComReviews_249-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.starwars.com/news/critical-opinion-the-empire-strikes-back-original-reviews">"Critical Opinion: The Empire Strikes Back's original reviews"</a>. Star Wars. January 23, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180416061033/http://www.starwars.com/news/critical-opinion-the-empire-strikes-back-original-reviews">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Star+Wars&rft.atitle=Critical+Opinion%3A+The+Empire+Strikes+Back%27s+original+reviews&rft.date=2014-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.starwars.com%2Fnews%2Fcritical-opinion-the-empire-strikes-back-original-reviews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010346-250"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010346_250-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinzler2010">Rinzler 2010</a>, p. 346. </li> <li id="cite_note-MovieWebFans-251"><a href="#cite_ref-MovieWebFans_251-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurwick2017" class="citation web cs1">Burwick, Kevin (December 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movieweb.com/empire-strikes-back-last-jedi-comparisons-reviews/">"Star Wars fans hated Empire Strikes Back when it was first released, too"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MovieWeb" class="mw-redirect" title="MovieWeb">MovieWeb</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004230013/https://movieweb.com/empire-strikes-back-last-jedi-comparisons-reviews/">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MovieWeb&rft.atitle=Star+Wars+fans+hated+Empire+Strikes+Back+when+it+was+first+released%2C+too&rft.date=2017-12-23&rft.aulast=Burwick&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovieweb.com%2Fempire-strikes-back-last-jedi-comparisons-reviews%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MashableFans-252"><a href="#cite_ref-MashableFans_252-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2017" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Chris (December 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mashable.com/2017/12/19/last-jedi-empire-strikes-back-haters/?europe=true#lpNXKVvSksqw">"Last Jedi haters are nothing new. Plenty of fans hated Empire Strikes Back too"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004225857/https://mashable.com/2017/12/19/last-jedi-empire-strikes-back-haters/?europe=true#lpNXKVvSksqw">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=Last+Jedi+haters+are+nothing+new.+Plenty+of+fans+hated+Empire+Strikes+Back+too&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2F2017%2F12%2F19%2Flast-jedi-empire-strikes-back-haters%2F%3Feurope%3Dtrue%23lpNXKVvSksqw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Calgary_Herald,_June1980D4-253"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Calgary_Herald,_June1980D4_253-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Calgary_Herald,_June1980">The Calgary Herald, June 1980</a>, p. D4. </li> <li id="cite_note-ReviewCanby-254">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewCanby_254-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewCanby_254-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewCanby_254-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewCanby_254-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewCanby_254-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewCanby_254-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanby1981" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Canby, Vincent</a> (June 15, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/film/061580empire.html">"The Empire Strikes Back strikes a bland note"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525193727/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/film/061580empire.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back+strikes+a+bland+note&rft.date=1981-06-15&rft.aulast=Canby&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Ffilm%2F061580empire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReviewTHR-255">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewTHR_255-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewTHR_255-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewTHR_255-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewTHR_255-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewTHR_255-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewTHR_255-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewTHR_255-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewTHR_255-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReviewTHR_255-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Knight_(film_critic)" title="Arthur Knight (film critic)">Knight, Arthur</a> (November 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/empire-strikes-back-review-1980-movie-752672/">"Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back: THR's 1980 review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210829041917/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/empire-strikes-back-review-1980-movie-752672/">Archived</a> from the original on August 29, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Star+Wars%3A+The+Empire+Strikes+Back%3A+THR%27s+1980+review&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-news%2Fempire-strikes-back-review-1980-movie-752672%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RevWSJ-256">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RevWSJ_256-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWSJ_256-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWSJ_256-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWSJ_256-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWSJ_256-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWSJ_256-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWSJ_256-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould_Boyum1980" class="citation web cs1">Gould Boyum, Joy (May 27, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB111653069458538291">"The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160801030307/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB111653069458538291">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft.date=1980-05-27&rft.aulast=Gould+Boyum&rft.aufirst=Joy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB111653069458538291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDenby198067-257">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDenby198067_257-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDenby198067_257-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDenby198067_257-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFDenby1980">Denby 1980</a>, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-RevWaPoGaryArnold-258">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RevWaPoGaryArnold_258-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWaPoGaryArnold_258-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWaPoGaryArnold_258-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWaPoGaryArnold_258-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWaPoGaryArnold_258-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWaPoGaryArnold_258-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevWaPoGaryArnold_258-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold1980" class="citation web cs1">Arnold, Gary (May 18, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/empirestrikesbackarnold.htm">"Darth Vader's surprise attack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528051212/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/empirestrikesbackarnold.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Darth+Vader%27s+surprise+attack&rft.date=1980-05-18&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fstyle%2Flongterm%2Fmovies%2Freview97%2Fempirestrikesbackarnold.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RevTimePage3-259"><a href="#cite_ref-RevTimePage3_259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke1980" class="citation web cs1">Clarke, Gerald (May 19, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071113144024/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,924122-3,00.html">"The Empire Strikes Back!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,924122-3,00.html">the original</a> on November 13, 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back%21&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1980-05-19&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C924122-3%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RevLaTimes-260">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RevLaTimes_260-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevLaTimes_260-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevLaTimes_260-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevLaTimes_260-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChamplin1980" class="citation web cs1">Champlin, Charles (May 18, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-in-the-star-wars-saga-empire-strikes-forward-20151202-story.html">"From the archives: In the Star Wars saga, Empire strikes forward"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612222617/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-in-the-star-wars-saga-empire-strikes-forward-20151202-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=From+the+archives%3A+In+the+Star+Wars+saga%2C+Empire+strikes+forward&rft.date=1980-05-18&rft.aulast=Champlin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fla-et-mn-in-the-star-wars-saga-empire-strikes-forward-20151202-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RevTimePage5-261">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RevTimePage5_261-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevTimePage5_261-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke1980" class="citation magazine cs1">Clarke, Gerald (May 19, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071113144024/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,924122-5,00.html">"The Empire Strikes Back!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. p. 5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,924122-5,00.html">the original</a> on November 13, 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back%21&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1980-05-19&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C924122-5%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RevDaveKehr-262">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RevDaveKehr_262-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevDaveKehr_262-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevDaveKehr_262-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevDaveKehr_262-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKehr" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Kehr" title="Dave Kehr">Kehr, Dave</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041207084901/http://onfilm.chicagoreader.com/movies/capsules/3101_EMPIRE_STRIKES_BACK">"The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Reader" title="Chicago Reader">Chicago Reader</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onfilm.chicagoreader.com/movies/capsules/3101_EMPIRE_STRIKES_BACK">the original</a> on December 7, 2004. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Reader&rft.atitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft.aulast=Kehr&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonfilm.chicagoreader.com%2Fmovies%2Fcapsules%2F3101_EMPIRE_STRIKES_BACK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReviewWAPOMartin-263"><a href="#cite_ref-ReviewWAPOMartin_263-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1980" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Martin" title="Judith Martin">Martin, Judith</a> (May 23, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/empirestrikesbackmartin.htm">"The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202220036/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/review97/empirestrikesbackmartin.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft.date=1980-05-23&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fstyle%2Flongterm%2Fmovies%2Freview97%2Fempirestrikesbackmartin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RevSightandSound-264">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RevSightandSound_264-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevSightandSound_264-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCombs2019" class="citation web cs1">Combs, Richard (December 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/reviews-recommendations/empire-strikes-back-star-wars-episode-v">"The Empire Strikes Back archive review: return of the gimmicks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820042139/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/reviews-recommendations/empire-strikes-back-star-wars-episode-v">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back+archive+review%3A+return+of+the+gimmicks&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft.date=2019-12-18&rft.aulast=Combs&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.bfi.org.uk%2Fnews-opinion%2Fsight-sound-magazine%2Freviews-recommendations%2Fempire-strikes-back-star-wars-episode-v&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RevVariety-265">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RevVariety_265-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RevVariety_265-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarwood1980" class="citation web cs1">Harwood, James (May 7, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830204108/https://variety.com/1980/film/reviews/the-empire-strikes-back-1200424800/">"Review: The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://variety.com/1980/film/reviews/the-empire-strikes-back-1200424800/">the original</a> on August 30, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft.date=1980-05-07&rft.aulast=Harwood&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1980%2Ffilm%2Freviews%2Fthe-empire-strikes-back-1200424800%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RevMaslin-266"><a href="#cite_ref-RevMaslin_266-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaslin1980" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Maslin" title="Janet Maslin">Maslin, Janet</a> (May 21, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1980/05/21/archives/film-robots-return-in-empire-strikesstar-wars-sequel.html">"Film: Robots return in Empire Strikes:Star Wars sequel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831165843/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/05/21/archives/film-robots-return-in-empire-strikesstar-wars-sequel.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Film%3A+Robots+return+in+Empire+Strikes%3AStar+Wars+sequel&rft.date=1980-05-21&rft.aulast=Maslin&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1980%2F05%2F21%2Farchives%2Ffilm-robots-return-in-empire-strikesstar-wars-sequel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReviewSiskel-267"><a href="#cite_ref-ReviewSiskel_267-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiskel2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Siskel" title="Gene Siskel">Siskel, Gene</a> (May 20, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2005-05-20-0505200368-story.html">"Star Wars Episode VII"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020174433/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2005-05-20-0505200368-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2018. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Star+Wars+Episode+VII&rft.date=2005-05-20&rft.aulast=Siskel&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-2005-05-20-0505200368-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1980-268"><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1980_268-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1981">"The 53rd Academy Awards – 1981"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812011101/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1981">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+53rd+Academy+Awards+%E2%80%93+1981&rft.pub=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grammys-269"><a href="#cite_ref-Grammys_269-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/23rd-annual-grammy-awards-1980">"23rd Annual Grammy Awards (1980)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Recording_Academy" title="The Recording Academy">The Recording Academy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812045607/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/23rd-annual-grammy-awards-1980">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=23rd+Annual+Grammy+Awards+%281980%29&rft.pub=The+Recording+Academy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fgrammys%2Fawards%2F23rd-annual-grammy-awards-1980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoldenGlobes-270"><a href="#cite_ref-GoldenGlobes_270-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldenglobes.com/person/john-williams?page=1">"John Williams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Foreign_Press_Association" title="Hollywood Foreign Press Association">Hollywood Foreign Press Association</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816093054/http://www.goldenglobes.com/person/john-williams?page=1">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Williams&rft.pub=Hollywood+Foreign+Press+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldenglobes.com%2Fperson%2Fjohn-williams%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baftas-271"><a href="#cite_ref-Baftas_271-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awards.bafta.org/award/1981/film">"Film in 1981"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817052950/http://awards.bafta.org/award/1981/film">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Film+in+1981&rft.pub=British+Academy+of+Film+and+Television+Arts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fawards.bafta.org%2Faward%2F1981%2Ffilm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SaturnAwards-272"><a href="#cite_ref-SaturnAwards_272-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html">"Saturn Award – Past award winners"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Science_Fiction,_Fantasy_and_Horror_Films" title="Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films">Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050311075533/http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 11, 2005. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saturn+Award+%E2%80%93+Past+award+winners&rft.pub=Academy+of+Science+Fiction%2C+Fantasy+and+Horror+Films&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saturnawards.org%2Fpast.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HugoAwards-273"><a href="#cite_ref-HugoAwards_273-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1981-hugo-awards/">"1981 Hugo Awards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Science_Fiction_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="World Science Fiction Convention">World Science Fiction Convention</a>. July 26, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124231050/http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1981-hugo-awards/">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1981+Hugo+Awards&rft.pub=World+Science+Fiction+Convention&rft.date=2007-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehugoawards.org%2Fhugo-history%2F1981-hugo-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PeoplesChoice-274"><a href="#cite_ref-PeoplesChoice_274-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/03/06/Peoples-Choice-Awards/4118352702800/">"People's Choice Awards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. March 6, 1981. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008134254/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/03/06/Peoples-Choice-Awards/4118352702800/">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People%27s+Choice+Awards&rft.pub=United+Press+International&rft.date=1981-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1981%2F03%2F06%2FPeoples-Choice-Awards%2F4118352702800%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WiredSPecial-275">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WiredSPecial_275-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WiredSPecial_275-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WiredSPecial_275-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2020" class="citation web cs1">Stewart, Drew (March 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/put-original-star-wars-on-disney-plus/">"Disney+ should offer the Star Wars original cuts—all of them"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303152849/https://www.wired.com/story/put-original-star-wars-on-disney-plus/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Disney%2B+should+offer+the+Star+Wars+original+cuts%E2%80%94all+of+them&rft.date=2020-03-31&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fput-original-star-wars-on-disney-plus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1997Ebert-276"><a href="#cite_ref-1997Ebert_276-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert1997" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a> (February 21, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-empire-strikes-back-1997">"The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RogerEbert.com" title="RogerEbert.com">RogerEbert.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830221929/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-empire-strikes-back-1997">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RogerEbert.com&rft.atitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft.date=1997-02-21&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fthe-empire-strikes-back-1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1997SFGate-277"><a href="#cite_ref-1997SFGate_277-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStack1997" class="citation web cs1">Stack, Peter (August 29, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Saga-s-Second-Strike-Is-Its-Swiftest-2829500.php">"Saga's second 'strike' is its swiftest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208175035/https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Saga-s-Second-Strike-Is-Its-Swiftest-2829500.php">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Saga%27s+second+%27strike%27+is+its+swiftest&rft.date=1997-08-29&rft.aulast=Stack&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fmovies%2Farticle%2FSaga-s-Second-Strike-Is-Its-Swiftest-2829500.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1997EW-278"><a href="#cite_ref-1997EW_278-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarzbaum1997" class="citation web cs1">Schwarzbaum, Lisa (March 7, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/1997/03/07/empire-strikes-back-2/">"The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830221929/https://ew.com/article/1997/03/07/empire-strikes-back-2/">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft.date=1997-03-07&rft.aulast=Schwarzbaum&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F1997%2F03%2F07%2Fempire-strikes-back-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WIredBlurRayReview-279">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WIredBlurRayReview_279-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WIredBlurRayReview_279-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenning2011" class="citation web cs1">Benning, Jamie (September 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2011/09/jamie-benning-reviews-the-star-wars-blu-ray-set/">"Jamie Benning reviews the Star Wars Blu-ray set"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116042251/https://www.wired.com/2011/09/jamie-benning-reviews-the-star-wars-blu-ray-set/">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Jamie+Benning+reviews+the+Star+Wars+Blu-ray+set&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft.aulast=Benning&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2011%2F09%2Fjamie-benning-reviews-the-star-wars-blu-ray-set%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ScreenRantBluRay2011-280"><a href="#cite_ref-ScreenRantBluRay2011_280-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2011" class="citation web cs1">Moore, Ben (September 14, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/star-wars-bluray-changes/">"Star Wars Blu-ray: List of changes to the original trilogy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210710175242/https://screenrant.com/star-wars-bluray-changes/">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2021. Retrieved October 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screen+Rant&rft.atitle=Star+Wars+Blu-ray%3A+List+of+changes+to+the+original+trilogy&rft.date=2011-09-14&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Fstar-wars-bluray-changes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SciFiSpecialEditions-281"><a href="#cite_ref-SciFiSpecialEditions_281-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012160923/http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/art-film.html?2004-09%2F09%2F11.30.film">"Lucasfilm defends DVD changes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syfy" title="Syfy">Syfy</a>. September 9, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/art-film.html?2004-09/09/11.30.film">the original</a> on October 12, 2007. 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Retrieved December 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=This+is+the+best+version+of+Star+Wars+%E2%80%94+and+watching+it+is+a+crime&rft.date=2015-05-12&rft.aulast=Yglesias&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2015%2F1%2F30%2F7952859%2Fdespecialized-edition-download&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABCSpecial-283"><a href="#cite_ref-ABCSpecial_283-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2015" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Daniel (December 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-14/restoring-star-wars/6994818?nw=0&r=HtmlFragment">"Restoring Star Wars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211220235110/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-14/restoring-star-wars/6994818?nw=0&r=HtmlFragment">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2021. 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November 28, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210824220958/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/star-wars-changes/">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2021. 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Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=The+best+plot+twists+in+movie+history+that+we+never+saw+coming&rft.date=2020-11-27&rft.aulast=Kirkland&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fg34752871%2Fbest-plot-twist-movies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColliderTwist-353"><a href="#cite_ref-ColliderTwist_353-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/best-movie-endings-of-all-time/">"The best movie endings of all time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collider_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collider (website)">Collider</a>. March 4, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201007135741/https://collider.com/best-movie-endings-of-all-time/">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=The+best+movie+endings+of+all+time&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fbest-movie-endings-of-all-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERinzler2010339-354">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010339_354-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinzler2010339_354-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinzler2010">Rinzler 2010</a>, p. 339. </li> <li id="cite_note-IKnowi09-356"><a href="#cite_ref-IKnowi09_356-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLussier2020" class="citation web cs1">Lussier, Germain (May 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-best-things-the-empire-strikes-back-introduced-to-s-1843419569">"The Best things The Empire Strikes Back introduced to Star Wars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Io9" title="Io9">io9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525185639/https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-best-things-the-empire-strikes-back-introduced-to-s-1843419569">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=io9&rft.atitle=The+Best+things+The+Empire+Strikes+Back+introduced+to+Star+Wars&rft.date=2020-05-21&rft.aulast=Lussier&rft.aufirst=Germain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fio9.gizmodo.com%2Fthe-best-things-the-empire-strikes-back-introduced-to-s-1843419569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IKnowCBR-357"><a href="#cite_ref-IKnowCBR_357-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronin2020" class="citation web cs1">Cronin, Brian (May 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/star-wars-empire-strikes-back-han-solo-i-know-line-carrie-fisher-leia-crazy/">"Empire Strikes Back: Why Han Solo's 'I know' line drove Carrie Fisher crazy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources" title="Comic Book Resources">Comic Book Resources</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525185646/https://www.cbr.com/star-wars-empire-strikes-back-han-solo-i-know-line-carrie-fisher-leia-crazy/">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.atitle=Empire+Strikes+Back%3A+Why+Han+Solo%27s+%27I+know%27+line+drove+Carrie+Fisher+crazy&rft.date=2020-05-21&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Fstar-wars-empire-strikes-back-han-solo-i-know-line-carrie-fisher-leia-crazy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IKnowSyFy-358"><a href="#cite_ref-IKnowSyFy_358-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilliman2019" class="citation web cs1">Silliman, Brian (December 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/the-best-star-wars-scene-is-han-and-leias-i-love-youi-know-exchange-in-empire">"The best Star Wars scene is Han and Leia's 'I love you/I know' exchange in Empire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syfy" title="Syfy">Syfy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525185639/https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/the-best-star-wars-scene-is-han-and-leias-i-love-youi-know-exchange-in-empire">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syfy&rft.atitle=The+best+Star+Wars+scene+is+Han+and+Leia%27s+%27I+love+you%2FI+know%27+exchange+in+Empire&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft.aulast=Silliman&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syfy.com%2Fsyfywire%2Fthe-best-star-wars-scene-is-han-and-leias-i-love-youi-know-exchange-in-empire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IKnowVulture-359"><a href="#cite_ref-IKnowVulture_359-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNguyenJanowitz2016" class="citation web cs1">Nguyen, Christine; Janowitz, Neil (November 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2016/11/han-solo-i-know-the-empire-strikes-back.html">"The story behind Han Solo's line 'I know' in The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vulture_(website)" title="Vulture (website)">Vulture</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525185644/https://www.vulture.com/2016/11/han-solo-i-know-the-empire-strikes-back.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vulture&rft.atitle=The+story+behind+Han+Solo%27s+line+%27I+know%27+in+The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft.date=2016-11-16&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft.au=Janowitz%2C+Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2016%2F11%2Fhan-solo-i-know-the-empire-strikes-back.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IKnowSlate-360"><a href="#cite_ref-IKnowSlate_360-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinley2015" class="citation web cs1">Finley, Dash (May 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/culture/2015/05/star-wars-i-love-you-i-know-line-its-most-famous-improvised-scene-may-not-ve-been-improvised-at-all.html">"Did Star Wars' most famous 'improvised' line actually come from this obscure anthology show?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525185639/https://slate.com/culture/2015/05/star-wars-i-love-you-i-know-line-its-most-famous-improvised-scene-may-not-ve-been-improvised-at-all.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Did+Star+Wars%27+most+famous+%27improvised%27+line+actually+come+from+this+obscure+anthology+show%3F&rft.date=2015-05-04&rft.aulast=Finley&rft.aufirst=Dash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fculture%2F2015%2F05%2Fstar-wars-i-love-you-i-know-line-its-most-famous-improvised-scene-may-not-ve-been-improvised-at-all.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Empire50GreatestSequels-362"><a href="#cite_ref-Empire50GreatestSequels_362-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121024070403/http://www.empireonline.com/50greatestsequels/default.asp?c=6">"50 greatest movie sequels"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Empire_(film_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire (film magazine)">Empire</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.empireonline.com/50greatestsequels/default.asp?c=6">the original</a> on October 24, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Empire&rft.atitle=50+greatest+movie+sequels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2F50greatestsequels%2Fdefault.asp%3Fc%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BestSequelBBC-363"><a href="#cite_ref-BestSequelBBC_363-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlauvelt2014" class="citation web cs1">Blauvelt, Christian (December 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525121321/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20141210-the-10-greatest-movie-sequels">"The 10 greatest movie sequels of all time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20141210-the-10-greatest-movie-sequels">the original</a> on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+10+greatest+movie+sequels+of+all+time&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft.aulast=Blauvelt&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Farticle%2F20141210-the-10-greatest-movie-sequels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BestSequelCollider-364"><a href="#cite_ref-BestSequelCollider_364-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaven2019" class="citation web cs1">Raven, Robin (February 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/galleries/best-sequels-movie-tv/">"30 best sequels no one saw coming"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collider_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collider (website)">Collider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525121319/https://collider.com/galleries/best-sequels-movie-tv/">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=30+best+sequels+no+one+saw+coming&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft.aulast=Raven&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fgalleries%2Fbest-sequels-movie-tv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BestSequelsTime-365"><a href="#cite_ref-BestSequelsTime_365-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDockterman2018" class="citation web cs1">Dockterman, Eliana (August 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5353143/sequels-better-than-original/">"35 sequels that are better than the original movie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304203851/https://time.com/5353143/sequels-better-than-original/">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=35+sequels+that+are+better+than+the+original+movie&rft.date=2018-08-30&rft.aulast=Dockterman&rft.aufirst=Eliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5353143%2Fsequels-better-than-original%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RTTop100Sequels-366"><a href="#cite_ref-RTTop100Sequels_366-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/best-sequels-of-all-time/">"The 100 best sequels of all time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819091345/https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/best-sequels-of-all-time/">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+100+best+sequels+of+all+time&rft.pub=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feditorial.rottentomatoes.com%2Fguide%2Fbest-sequels-of-all-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RollingStoneReaderBest-367"><a href="#cite_ref-RollingStoneReaderBest_367-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-lists/readers-poll-the-25-greatest-movie-sequels-10408/22-psycho-ii-207339/">"Readers' poll: The 25 greatest movie sequels"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. February 26, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525122559/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-lists/readers-poll-the-25-greatest-movie-sequels-10408/24-from-russia-with-love-207219/">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Readers%27+poll%3A+The+25+greatest+movie+sequels&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmovies%2Fmovie-lists%2Freaders-poll-the-25-greatest-movie-sequels-10408%2F22-psycho-ii-207339%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RottenTomatoes-368"><a href="#cite_ref-RottenTomatoes_368-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_wars_episode_v_the_empire_strikes_back">"The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228040629/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/empire_strikes_back">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fstar_wars_episode_v_the_empire_strikes_back&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181795#P444" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metacritic-369"><a href="#cite_ref-Metacritic_369-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/star-wars-episode-v---the-empire-strikes-back">"Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428193138/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/star-wars-episode-v---the-empire-strikes-back">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=Star+Wars%3A+Episode+V+%E2%80%93+The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2Fstar-wars-episode-v---the-empire-strikes-back&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VergeYoda-370"><a href="#cite_ref-VergeYoda_370-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2021" class="citation web cs1">Campbell, Ian Carlos (April 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/23/22399753/adidas-yoda-shoes-stan-smith-star-wars-feet">"Yoda has no time for shoes, but you might for Adidas' Yoda-themed sneakers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525151900/https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/23/22399753/adidas-yoda-shoes-stan-smith-star-wars-feet">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Yoda+has+no+time+for+shoes%2C+but+you+might+for+Adidas%27+Yoda-themed+sneakers&rft.date=2021-04-23&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Ian+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F4%2F23%2F22399753%2Fadidas-yoda-shoes-stan-smith-star-wars-feet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ScreeRantYoda-371"><a href="#cite_ref-ScreeRantYoda_371-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherlock2019" class="citation web cs1">Sherlock, Ben (July 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/star-wars-yodas-best-moments-ranked-movie/">"Star Wars: Yoda's 10 greatest moments, ranked"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525151925/https://screenrant.com/star-wars-yodas-best-moments-ranked-movie/">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. 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Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Star+Wars+and+the+enduring+appeal+of+Lando+Calrissian&rft.date=2015-11-13&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Alyssa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fact-four%2Fwp%2F2015%2F11%2F13%2Fstar-wars-and-the-enduring-appeal-of-lando-calrissian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RadioTimesLando-373"><a href="#cite_ref-RadioTimesLando_373-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCremona2020" class="citation web cs1">Cremona, Patrick (July 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/lando-calrission-series-donald-glover-disney-plus/">"Donald Glover rumoured to be returning as Lando Calrissian for new Disney+ series"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Times" title="Radio Times">Radio Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525151854/https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sci-fi/lando-calrission-series-donald-glover-disney-plus/">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Glover+rumoured+to+be+returning+as+Lando+Calrissian+for+new+Disney%2B+series&rft.date=2020-07-22&rft.aulast=Cremona&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotimes.com%2Ftv%2Fsci-fi%2Flando-calrission-series-donald-glover-disney-plus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GQLando-374"><a href="#cite_ref-GQLando_374-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeslow2019" class="citation web cs1">Meslow, Scott (December 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gq.com/story/star-wars-billy-dee-williams-interview-2019">"Star Wars legend Billy Dee Williams brings Lando Calrissian back for one final ride"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075530/https://www.gq.com/story/star-wars-billy-dee-williams-interview-2019">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GQ&rft.atitle=Star+Wars+legend+Billy+Dee+Williams+brings+Lando+Calrissian+back+for+one+final+ride&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft.aulast=Meslow&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gq.com%2Fstory%2Fstar-wars-billy-dee-williams-interview-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFIHeroes-376"><a href="#cite_ref-AFIHeroes_376-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-heroes-villians/">"Afi's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200208093159/https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-heroes-villians/">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2020. 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Retrieved September 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syfy&rft.atitle=30+Empire+Strikes+Back+references+from+sci-fi+movies+%26+TV&rft.date=2012-12-14&rft.aulast=Hoovier&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syfy.com%2Fsyfywire%2F30_empire_strikes_back_re&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CultureVG-380"><a href="#cite_ref-CultureVG_380-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCork2014" class="citation web cs1">Cork, Jeff (May 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190827204054/https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2014/05/04/our-favorite-star-wars-easter-eggs-and-references.aspx">"Our favorite Star Wars easter eggs and references"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Game_Informer" title="Game Informer">Game Informer</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2014/05/04/our-favorite-star-wars-easter-eggs-and-references.aspx">the original</a> on August 27, 2019. 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Retrieved September 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Every+Star+Wars+reference+in+the+MCU+%28so+far%29&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft.aulast=Jorgensen&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2019%2F10%2F01%2Fstar-wars-references-callbacks-easter-eggs-mcu-marvel-kevin-feige&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CultureSimpsons-382"><a href="#cite_ref-CultureSimpsons_382-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastro2012" class="citation web cs1">Castro, Adam-Troy (December 14, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/simpsons_star_wars">"10 greatest Star Wars moments from The Simpsons"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syfy" title="Syfy">Syfy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123025856/https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/simpsons_star_wars">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syfy&rft.atitle=10+greatest+Star+Wars+moments+from+The+Simpsons&rft.date=2012-12-14&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=Adam-Troy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syfy.com%2Fsyfywire%2Fsimpsons_star_wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CultureFamilyGuy-383"><a href="#cite_ref-CultureFamilyGuy_383-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne2021" class="citation web cs1">Payne, Alex (June 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/family-guy-story-behind-star-wars-episodes/">"Family Guy: The story behind the show's Star Wars episodes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources" title="Comic Book Resources">Comic Book Resources</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603100020/https://www.cbr.com/family-guy-story-behind-star-wars-episodes/">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Family+Guy%3A+The+story+behind+the+show%27s+Star+Wars+episodes&rft.pub=Comic+Book+Resources&rft.date=2021-06-02&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Ffamily-guy-story-behind-star-wars-episodes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loc-384"><a href="#cite_ref-Loc_384-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2010/10-273.html">"Hollywood blockbusters, independent films and shorts selected for 2010 national film registry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. December 28, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714125738/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2010/10-273.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hollywood+blockbusters%2C+independent+films+and+shorts+selected+for+2010+national+film+registry&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2010-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Ftoday%2Fpr%2F2010%2F10-273.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LOCTHR-385"><a href="#cite_ref-LOCTHR_385-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes2010" class="citation web cs1">Barnes, Mike (December 28, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/empire-strikes-airplane-25-movies-65915">"Empire Strikes Back, Airplane! among 25 movies named to National Film Registry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101230174923/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/empire-strikes-airplane-25-movies-65915">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2010. Retrieved December 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Empire+Strikes+Back%2C+Airplane%21+among+25+movies+named+to+National+Film+Registry&rft.date=2010-12-28&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fempire-strikes-airplane-25-movies-65915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Escapist-386">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Escapist_386-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Escapist_386-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooney2019" class="citation web cs1">Mooney, Darren (September 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.escapistmagazine.com/v2/the-empire-strikes-back-created-the-modern-film-franchise/">"The Empire Strikes Back created the modern film franchise"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Escapist_(magazine)" title="The Escapist (magazine)">The Escapist</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226032755/https://www.escapistmagazine.com/v2/the-empire-strikes-back-created-the-modern-film-franchise/">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2020. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Escapist&rft.atitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back+created+the+modern+film+franchise&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft.aulast=Mooney&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.escapistmagazine.com%2Fv2%2Fthe-empire-strikes-back-created-the-modern-film-franchise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LandonPalmer-387"><a href="#cite_ref-LandonPalmer_387-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2014" class="citation web cs1">Palmer, Landon (May 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filmschoolrejects.com/star-wars-didn-t-change-the-business-of-hollywood-empire-did-df5db01d6230/">"Star Wars didn't change the business Of Hollywood; Empire did"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Film_School_Rejects" title="Film School Rejects">Film School Rejects</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905224827/https://filmschoolrejects.com/star-wars-didn-t-change-the-business-of-hollywood-empire-did-df5db01d6230/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2021. Retrieved September 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Film+School+Rejects&rft.atitle=Star+Wars+didn%27t+change+the+business+Of+Hollywood%3B+Empire+did&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Landon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilmschoolrejects.com%2Fstar-wars-didn-t-change-the-business-of-hollywood-empire-did-df5db01d6230%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NerdistBlockbuster-388"><a href="#cite_ref-NerdistBlockbuster_388-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiaz2020" class="citation web cs1">Diaz, Eric (May 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nerdist.com/article/empire-strikes-back-most-important-sequel/">"Why The Empire Strikes Back is the most important sequel ever"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nerdist_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerdist Industries">Nerdist Industries</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809230239/https://nerdist.com/article/empire-strikes-back-most-important-sequel/">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+The+Empire+Strikes+Back+is+the+most+important+sequel+ever&rft.pub=Nerdist+Industries&rft.date=2020-05-21&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnerdist.com%2Farticle%2Fempire-strikes-back-most-important-sequel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TOR-389"><a href="#cite_ref-TOR_389-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsher-Perrin2011" class="citation web cs1">Asher-Perrin, Emmet (May 25, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tor.com/2011/05/25/you-must-unlearn-what-you-have-learned-how-the-empire-strikes-back-ruined-everything/">"You must unlearn what you have learned: How The Empire Strikes Back ruined everything"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tor.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor.com">Tor.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701171700/https://www.tor.com/2011/05/25/you-must-unlearn-what-you-have-learned-how-the-empire-strikes-back-ruined-everything/">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2018. Retrieved August 31, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tor.com&rft.atitle=You+must+unlearn+what+you+have+learned%3A+How+The+Empire+Strikes+Back+ruined+everything&rft.date=2011-05-25&rft.aulast=Asher-Perrin&rft.aufirst=Emmet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tor.com%2F2011%2F05%2F25%2Fyou-must-unlearn-what-you-have-learned-how-the-empire-strikes-back-ruined-everything%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ScreenRantInspo-390"><a href="#cite_ref-ScreenRantInspo_390-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherlock2021" class="citation web cs1">Sherlock, Ben (January 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/sequel-trends-started-star-wars-empire-strikes-back/">"Star Wars: 10 sequel trends set by The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125183802/https://screenrant.com/sequel-trends-started-star-wars-empire-strikes-back/">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2021. 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Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Mark+Hamill+joins+the+Russo+Brothers%27+Pizza+Film+School+for+The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft.aulast=Reimann&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fmark-hamill-russo-bros-pizza-film-school-star-wars-empire-strikes-back%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EmpireEmmerich-392"><a href="#cite_ref-EmpireEmmerich_392-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmerich2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roland_Emmerich" title="Roland Emmerich">Emmerich, Roland</a> (June 17, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021040824/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/roland-emmerich-ten-favourite-sci-fis/">"Roland Emmerich's ten favourite sci-fis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/roland-emmerich-ten-favourite-sci-fis/">the original</a> on October 21, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Empire&rft.atitle=Roland+Emmerich%27s+ten+favourite+sci-fis&rft.date=2016-06-17&rft.aulast=Emmerich&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2Fmovies%2Ffeatures%2Froland-emmerich-ten-favourite-sci-fis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColliderFeige-393"><a href="#cite_ref-ColliderFeige_393-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChitwood2021" class="citation web cs1">Chitwood, Adam (June 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/kevin-feige-star-wars-movie-script-michael-waldron-interview/">"Exclusive: Loki head writer Michael Waldron on what it's like writing a Star Wars movie for producer Kevin Feige"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collider_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collider (website)">Collider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605024451/https://collider.com/kevin-feige-star-wars-movie-script-michael-waldron-interview/">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Loki+head+writer+Michael+Waldron+on+what+it%27s+like+writing+a+Star+Wars+movie+for+producer+Kevin+Feige&rft.date=2021-06-04&rft.aulast=Chitwood&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fkevin-feige-star-wars-movie-script-michael-waldron-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPH-394"><a href="#cite_ref-NPH_394-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/gallery/neil-patrick-harris-films-changed-my-life/">"Neil Patrick Harris: 6 Movies That Changed My Life"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a>. February 22, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241009203138/https://ew.com/gallery/neil-patrick-harris-films-changed-my-life/">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2024. Retrieved October 9, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Neil+Patrick+Harris%3A+6+Movies+That+Changed+My+Life&rft.date=2015-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Fgallery%2Fneil-patrick-harris-films-changed-my-life%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColliderCarrey-395"><a href="#cite_ref-ColliderCarrey_395-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeintraub2022" class="citation web cs1">Weintraub, Steven (April 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/jim-carrey-sonic-2-intervew-robotnik-empire-strikes-back-george-lucas/">"Jim Carrey on Sonic 2, How He Prepares for a Role Like Robotnik, and Why The Empire Strikes Back Has Such a Special Place in his Heart"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collider_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collider (website)">Collider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230820152406/https://collider.com/jim-carrey-sonic-2-intervew-robotnik-empire-strikes-back-george-lucas/">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=Jim+Carrey+on+Sonic+2%2C+How+He+Prepares+for+a+Role+Like+Robotnik%2C+and+Why+The+Empire+Strikes+Back+Has+Such+a+Special+Place+in+his+Heart&rft.date=2022-04-05&rft.aulast=Weintraub&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fjim-carrey-sonic-2-intervew-robotnik-empire-strikes-back-george-lucas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimesRadioDrama-397"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimesRadioDrama_397-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinn1983" class="citation web cs1">Winn, Marie (September 25, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/25/arts/why-has-radio-tuned-out-children.html">"Why has radio tuned out children?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210524134724/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/25/arts/why-has-radio-tuned-out-children.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Why+has+radio+tuned+out+children%3F&rft.date=1983-09-25&rft.aulast=Winn&rft.aufirst=Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F09%2F25%2Farts%2Fwhy-has-radio-tuned-out-children.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOGROTJ-398"><a href="#cite_ref-DOGROTJ_398-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoombes2019" class="citation web cs1">Coombes, Lloyd (December 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/star-wars-return-of-the-jedi-story-spoilers-recap-legacy/">"Star Wars: Return of the Jedi – the culmination of George Lucas' original vision"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Den_of_Geek" title="Den of Geek">Den of Geek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817160534/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/star-wars-return-of-the-jedi-story-spoilers-recap-legacy/">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=Star+Wars%3A+Return+of+the+Jedi+%E2%80%93+the+culmination+of+George+Lucas%27+original+vision&rft.date=2019-12-12&rft.aulast=Coombes&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denofgeek.com%2Fmovies%2Fstar-wars-return-of-the-jedi-story-spoilers-recap-legacy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EpisodeVIBFI-399"><a href="#cite_ref-EpisodeVIBFI_399-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210405230440/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b761f142f">"Star Wars Episode VI Return of the Jedi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b761f142f">the original</a> on April 5, 2021. 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Retrieved August 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=How+Rogue+One+fits+into+the+Star+Wars+timeline&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft.aulast=Dockterman&rft.aufirst=Eliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4594017%2Frogue-one-star-wars-timeline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a>]</div> Books <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold,_Alan1980" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Alan (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/OnceUponAGalaxyAJournalOfTheMakingOfTheEmpireStrikesBackAlanArnold.rar/page/n153/mode/2up">Once Upon a Galaxy: A Journal of Making the Empire Strikes Back</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Sphere_Books" title="Sphere Books">Sphere Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-29075-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-29075-5"><bdi>978-0-345-29075-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Once+Upon+a+Galaxy%3A+A+Journal+of+Making+the+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Sphere+Books&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-345-29075-5&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FOnceUponAGalaxyAJournalOfTheMakingOfTheEmpireStrikesBackAlanArnold.rar%2Fpage%2Fn153%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHearn2005" class="citation book cs1">Hearn, Marcus (2005). The Cinema of George Lucas. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Abrams_Books" title="Abrams Books">H. N. Abrams</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-4968-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-4968-3"><bdi>978-0-8109-4968-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cinema+of+George+Lucas&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=H.+N.+Abrams&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-4968-3&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRinzler2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._W._Rinzler" title="J. W. Rinzler">Rinzler, J. W.</a> (2010). The Making of Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back. London: <a href="/wiki/Aurum_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurum Press">Aurum Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84513-555-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84513-555-3"><bdi>978-1-84513-555-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/657407687">657407687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Star+Wars%3A+The+Empire+Strikes+Back&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Aurum+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F657407687&rft.isbn=978-1-84513-555-3&rft.aulast=Rinzler&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2013" class="citation book cs1">Schneider, Steven Jay (2013). "1980s". <a href="/wiki/1001_Movies_You_Must_See_Before_You_Die" title="1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die">1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die</a>. Boston, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Murdoch_Books" title="Murdoch Books">Murdoch Books</a> Pty Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7641-6613-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7641-6613-6"><bdi>978-0-7641-6613-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1980s&rft.btitle=1001+Movies+You+Must+See+Before+You+Die&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Murdoch+Books+Pty+Limited&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7641-6613-6&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Steven+Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li></ul> Journals <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLancashire1981" class="citation magazine cs1">Lancashire, Anne (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44018994">"Complex Design in The Empire Strikes Back"</a>. Film Criticism. Vol. 5, no. 3. Pennsylvania, United States: <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_College" title="Allegheny College">Allegheny College</a>. pp. 38–52. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44018994">44018994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Film+Criticism&rft.atitle=Complex+Design+in+The+Empire+Strikes+Back.&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=38-52&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44018994%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lancashire&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44018994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li></ul> Magazines <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVariety,_May1999" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A54701224/ITOF?u=wikipedia&sid=ITOF&xid=767a73b0">"Box Office News"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. Vol. 375, no. 1. Los Angeles. May 17, 1999. Retrieved April 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Box+Office+News&rft.volume=375&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1999-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FA54701224%2FITOF%3Fu%3Dwikipedia%26sid%3DITOF%26xid%3D767a73b0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkeB1980" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Clarke_(author)" title="Gerald Clarke (author)">Clarke, Gerald</a> (May 19, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=54218184&site=ehost-live">"The Empire Strikes Back! And so does George Lucas in the second of his Star Wars epics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Vol. 115, no. 20. New York City. p. 66. Retrieved September 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Empire+Strikes+Back%21+And+so+does+George+Lucas+in+the+second+of+his+Star+Wars+epics.&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=66&rft.date=1980-05-19&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Df6h%26AN%3D54218184%26site%3Dehost-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenby1980" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Denby" title="David Denby">Denby, David</a> (May 26, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vOUCAAAAMBAJ&q=New+York+Magazine+David+Denby+Star+Wars+67+George+Lucas&pg=PA67">"Star Wars Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. Retrieved August 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Star+Wars+Strikes+Back&rft.date=1980-05-26&rft.aulast=Denby&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvOUCAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DNew%2BYork%2BMagazine%2BDavid%2BDenby%2BStar%2BWars%2B67%2BGeorge%2BLucas%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroves1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Groves, Dan (April 14, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A19513513/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=AONE&xid=cdac6da1">"'Back' Strikes Big in O'seas B.O."</a> <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. Vol. 366, no. 11. Los Angeles. Retrieved April 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=%27Back%27+Strikes+Big+in+O%27seas+B.O.&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=11&rft.date=1997-04-14&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FA19513513%2FAONE%3Fu%3Dwikipedia%26sid%3DAONE%26xid%3Dcdac6da1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandell1980" class="citation magazine cs1">Mandell, Paul (December 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124180459/https://cinefex.com/backissues/issue3.htm">"Tauntauns, Walkers and Probots"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cinefex" title="Cinefex">Cinefex</a>. No. 3. Riverdale, CA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cinefex.com/backissues/issue3.htm">the original</a> on January 24, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinefex&rft.atitle=Tauntauns%2C+Walkers+and+Probots&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1980-12&rft.aulast=Mandell&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcinefex.com%2Fbackissues%2Fissue3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPacker1980" class="citation magazine cs1">Packer, David S. (November 1980). "Mark Hamill". <a href="/wiki/Starlog" title="Starlog">Starlog</a>. No. 40. New York: Starlog Group, Inc. pp. 16–20, 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Starlog&rft.atitle=Mark+Hamill&rft.issue=40&rft.pages=16-20%2C+61&rft.date=1980-11&rft.aulast=Packer&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShay1980" class="citation magazine cs1">Shay, Don (August 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902163126/https://cinefex.com/backissues/issue2.htm">"Of Ice Planets, Bog Planets and Cities in the Sky"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cinefex" title="Cinefex">Cinefex</a>. No. 2. Riverdale, CA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cinefex.com/backissues/issue2.htm">the original</a> on September 2, 2021. Retrieved February 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinefex&rft.atitle=Of+Ice+Planets%2C+Bog+Planets+and+Cities+in+the+Sky&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1980-08&rft.aulast=Shay&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcinefex.com%2Fbackissues%2Fissue2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVariety,_August1980" class="citation magazine cs1">"Smokey 2 No. 1 in Domestic B.O. Maiden Wk. With $17,805,900". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Daily Variety</a>. Los Angeles. August 25, 1980.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Variety&rft.atitle=Smokey+2+No.+1+in+Domestic+B.O.+Maiden+Wk.+With+%2417%2C805%2C900&rft.date=1980-08-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Woods, Mark (May 12, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A19693395/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=AONE&xid=6343f1c4">"Liar Leads, But Selena Cooks in Mexico"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. Vol. 367, no. 2. Los Angeles. Retrieved April 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Liar+Leads%2C+But+Selena+Cooks+in+Mexico&rft.volume=367&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1997-05-12&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FA19693395%2FAONE%3Fu%3Dwikipedia%26sid%3DAONE%26xid%3D6343f1c4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li></ul> Newspapers <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley1980" class="citation news cs1">Buckley, Tom (May 16, 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1980/05/16/archives/at-the-movies-the-force-behind-empire-strikes-back.html">"At the Movies; The 'Force' behind Empire Strikes Back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. New York. p. C13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317141149/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/05/16/archives/at-the-movies-the-force-behind-empire-strikes-back.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2021. Retrieved March 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=At+the+Movies%3B+The+%27Force%27+behind+Empire+Strikes+Back.&rft.pages=C13&rft.date=1980-05-16&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1980%2F05%2F16%2Farchives%2Fat-the-movies-the-force-behind-empire-strikes-back.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times,_May1980" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1980/05/24/archives/empire-strikes-tops-star-wars-opening-sales.html">"Empire Strikes Tops Star Wars Opening Sales"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. New York. May 24, 1980. p. 13. Retrieved March 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Empire+Strikes+Tops+Star+Wars+Opening+Sales&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1980-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1980%2F05%2F24%2Farchives%2Fempire-strikes-tops-star-wars-opening-sales.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times,_June1980" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1980/06/01/archives/hollywood-the-empire-strikes-it-rich.html">"Hollywood: The Empire Strikes It Rich"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. New York. June 1, 1980. p. F19. Retrieved March 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hollywood%3A+The+Empire+Strikes+It+Rich&rft.pages=F19&rft.date=1980-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1980%2F06%2F01%2Farchives%2Fhollywood-the-empire-strikes-it-rich.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Calgary_Herald,_June1980" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Hx6RvaqUy9IC&dat=19800613&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"CinemaScore"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Herald" title="Calgary Herald">Calgary Herald</a>. Calgary. June 13, 1980. p. D4. Retrieved October 21, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=CinemaScore&rft.pages=D4&rft.date=1980-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DHx6RvaqUy9IC%26dat%3D19800613%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Empire+Strikes+Back" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.starwars.com/films/star-wars-episode-v-the-empire-strikes-back">Official website</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starwars.com">starwars.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lucasfilm.com/productions/episode-v/">Official website</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lucasfilm.com/">Lucasfilm.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0080684/">The Empire Strikes Back</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/star_wars_episode_v_the_empire_strikes_back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181795#P1258" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Star_Wars_Trilogy" title="Template:Star Wars Trilogy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Star_Wars_Trilogy" title="Template talk:Star Wars Trilogy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Star_Wars_Trilogy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Star Wars Trilogy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Star_Wars_original_trilogy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_original_trilogy" title="Star Wars original trilogy">original trilogy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatrical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Holiday_Special" title="Star Wars Holiday Special">Holiday Special</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Courage:_An_Ewok_Adventure" title="Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure">Caravan of Courage</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks:_The_Battle_for_Endor" title="Ewoks: The Battle for Endor">The Battle for Endor</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_characters" title="List of Star Wars characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Ackbar" title="Admiral Ackbar">Admiral Ackbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Piett" title="Admiral Piett">Admiral Piett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bib_Fortuna" title="Bib Fortuna">Bib Fortuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boba_Fett" title="Boba Fett">Boba Fett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-3PO" title="C-3PO">C-3PO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewbacca" title="Chewbacca">Chewbacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darth_Vader" title="Darth Vader">Darth Vader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R2-D2" title="R2-D2">R2-D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Moff_Tarkin" title="Grand Moff Tarkin">Grand Moff Tarkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Greedo">Greedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Solo" title="Han Solo">Han Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabba_the_Hutt" title="Jabba the Hutt">Jabba the Hutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lando_Calrissian" title="Lando Calrissian">Lando Calrissian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Leia" title="Princess Leia">Princess Leia Organa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Skywalker" title="Luke Skywalker">Luke Skywalker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_Mothma" title="Mon Mothma">Mon Mothma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi">Obi-Wan Kenobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palpatine" title="Palpatine">Emperor Palpatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge_Antilles" title="Wedge Antilles">Wedge Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoda" title="Yoda">Yoda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novelizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_From_the_Adventures_of_Luke_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker">Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(novel)" title="The Empire Strikes Back (novel)">The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi_(novel)" title="Return of the Jedi (novel)">Return of the Jedi</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Related_novels" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Splinter_of_the_Mind%27s_Eye" title="Splinter of the Mind's Eye">Splinter of the Mind's Eye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars (soundtrack)">Star Wars</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(Main_Title)" title="Star Wars (Main Title)">Main Title</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(soundtrack)" title="The Empire Strikes Back (soundtrack)">The Empire Strikes Back</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Imperial_March" title="The Imperial March">The Imperial March</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi_(soundtrack)" title="Return of the Jedi (soundtrack)">Return of the Jedi</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ewok_Celebration" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewok Celebration">Ewok Celebration</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_video_games" title="List of Star Wars video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Episode IV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(1983_video_game)" title="Star Wars (1983 video game)">Star Wars</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(1987_video_game)" title="Star Wars (1987 video game)">Star Wars</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(1991_video_game)" title="Star Wars (1991 video game)">Star Wars</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Star_Wars" title="Super Star Wars">Super Star Wars</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Episode V</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(1982_video_game)" title="Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1982 video game)">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(1985_video_game)" title="Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1985 video game)">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(1992_video_game)" title="Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1992 video game)">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Star_Wars:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back">Super Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Episode VI</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi:_Death_Star_Battle" title="Return of the Jedi: Death Star Battle">Return of the Jedi: Death Star Battle</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Return_of_the_Jedi:_Ewok_Adventure" title="Star Wars: Return of the Jedi: Ewok Adventure">Return of the Jedi: Ewok Adventure</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Return_of_the_Jedi_(1984_video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars: Return of the Jedi (1984 video game)">Return of the Jedi</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Star_Wars:_Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Super Star Wars: Return of the Jedi">Super Star Wars: Return of the Jedi</a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Jedi_Arena" title="Star Wars: Jedi Arena">Jedi Arena</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Arcade" title="Star Wars Arcade">Star Wars Arcade</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Yoda_Stories" title="Star Wars: Yoda Stories">Yoda Stories</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Trilogy_Arcade" title="Star Wars Trilogy Arcade">Star Wars Trilogy Arcade</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Flight_of_the_Falcon" title="Star Wars: Flight of the Falcon">Flight of the Falcon</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Trilogy:_Apprentice_of_the_Force" title="Star Wars Trilogy: Apprentice of the Force">Star Wars Trilogy: Apprentice of the Force</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars_II:_The_Original_Trilogy" title="Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy">Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_directed_by_Irvin_Kershner" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irvin_Kershner" title="Template:Irvin Kershner"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irvin_Kershner" title="Template talk:Irvin Kershner"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irvin_Kershner" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irvin Kershner"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Irvin_Kershner" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a href="/wiki/Irvin_Kershner" title="Irvin Kershner">Irvin Kershner</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stakeout_on_Dope_Street" title="Stakeout on Dope Street">Stakeout on Dope Street</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Captives" title="The Young Captives">The Young Captives</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hoodlum_Priest" title="The Hoodlum Priest">The Hoodlum Priest</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_in_the_Rain" title="Face in the Rain">Face in the Rain</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Luck_of_Ginger_Coffey_(film)" title="The Luck of Ginger Coffey (film)">The Luck of Ginger Coffey</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Fine_Madness" title="A Fine Madness">A Fine Madness</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Flim-Flam_Man" title="The Flim-Flam Man">The Flim-Flam Man</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loving_(1970_film)" title="Loving (1970 film)">Loving</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_the_Sandbox" title="Up the Sandbox">Up the Sandbox</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S*P*Y*S" title="S*P*Y*S">S*P*Y*S</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_a_Man_Called_Horse" title="The Return of a Man Called Horse">The Return of a Man Called Horse</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Entebbe_(film)" title="Raid on Entebbe (film)">Raid on Entebbe</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyes_of_Laura_Mars" title="Eyes of Laura Mars">Eyes of Laura Mars</a> (1978)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Never_Say_Never_Again" title="Never Say Never Again">Never Say Never Again</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traveling_Man_(film)" title="Traveling Man (film)">Traveling Man</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RoboCop_2" title="RoboCop 2">RoboCop 2</a> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Star_Wars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Star_Wars" title="Template:Star Wars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Star_Wars" title="Template talk:Star Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Star_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Star Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Star_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_films" title="List of Star Wars films">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Skywalker_Saga" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Skywalker Saga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_original_trilogy" title="Star Wars original trilogy">Original trilogy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_prequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars prequel trilogy">Prequel trilogy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">The Phantom Menace</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Attack of the Clones</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_sequel_trilogy" title="Star Wars sequel trilogy">Sequel trilogy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">The Force Awakens</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi">The Last Jedi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Rise_of_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker">The Rise of Skywalker</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)">The Clone Wars</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo:_A_Star_Wars_Story" title="Solo: A Star Wars Story">Solo</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian_%26_Grogu" title="The Mandalorian & Grogu">The Mandalorian & Grogu</a> (2026)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Holiday_Special" title="Star Wars Holiday Special">Holiday Special</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Courage:_An_Ewok_Adventure" title="Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure">The Ewok Adventure</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks:_The_Battle_for_Endor" title="Ewoks: The Battle for Endor">Ewoks: The Battle for Endor</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_television_series" title="List of Star Wars television series">Television series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Droids" title="Star Wars: Droids">Droids</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks_(TV_series)" title="Ewoks (TV series)">Ewoks</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Clone_Wars_(2003_TV_series)" title="Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)">Clone Wars</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(2008_TV_series)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)">The Clone Wars</a> (2008) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_episodes" title="List of Star Wars: The Clone Wars episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Detours" title="Star Wars Detours">Detours</a> (unaired)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Rebels" title="Star Wars Rebels">Rebels</a> (2014) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_Rebels_episodes" title="List of Star Wars Rebels episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Forces_of_Destiny" title="Star Wars Forces of Destiny">Forces of Destiny</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Resistance" title="Star Wars Resistance">Resistance</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Bad_Batch" title="Star Wars: The Bad Batch">The Bad Batch</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Visions" title="Star Wars: Visions">Visions</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars: Tales">Tales</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Young_Jedi_Adventures" title="Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures">Young Jedi Adventures</a> (2023) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars:_Young_Jedi_Adventures_episodes" title="List of Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Live-action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian" title="The Mandalorian">The Mandalorian</a> (2019) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian_season_1" title="The Mandalorian season 1">season 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian_season_2" title="The Mandalorian season 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian_season_3" title="The Mandalorian season 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Boba_Fett" title="The Book of Boba Fett">The Book of Boba Fett</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi_(miniseries)" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi (miniseries)">Obi-Wan Kenobi</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andor_(TV_series)" title="Andor (TV series)">Andor</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahsoka_(TV_series)" title="Ahsoka (TV series)">Ahsoka</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Acolyte_(TV_series)" title="The Acolyte (TV series)">The Acolyte</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Skeleton_Crew" title="Star Wars: Skeleton Crew">Skeleton Crew</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_characters" title="List of Star Wars characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_Rebels_characters" title="List of Star Wars Rebels characters">Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Mandalorian_characters" title="List of The Mandalorian characters">The Mandalorian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Book_of_Boba_Fett_characters" title="List of The Book of Boba Fett characters">The Book of Boba Fett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_Legends_characters" title="List of Star Wars Legends characters">Legends</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_the_Star_Wars:_Knights_of_the_Old_Republic_series" title="Characters of the Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic series">Knights of the Old Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Star_Wars" title="Music of Star Wars">Music and audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Audio dramas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Star_Wars" title="The Story of Star Wars">The Story of Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_books" title="List of Star Wars books">Audio novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(radio_series)" title="Star Wars (radio series)">Radio dramatizations of the films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(Main_Title)" title="Star Wars (Main Title)">Main Title</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Imperial_March" title="The Imperial March">The Imperial March</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi_(soundtrack)" title="Return of the Jedi (soundtrack)">Ewok Celebration</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Duel_of_the_Fates" title="Duel of the Fates">Duel of the Fates</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Theme/Cantina_Band" title="Star Wars Theme/Cantina Band">Star Wars Theme/Cantina Band</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars (soundtrack)">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(soundtrack)" title="The Empire Strikes Back (soundtrack)">The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi_(soundtrack)" title="Return of the Jedi (soundtrack)">Return of the Jedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks_(soundtrack)" title="Ewoks (soundtrack)">Ewoks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (soundtrack)">The Phantom Menace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (soundtrack)">Attack of the Clones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (soundtrack)">Revenge of the Sith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(film)#Soundtrack" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)">The Clone Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens (soundtrack)">The Force Awakens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One_(soundtrack)" title="Rogue One (soundtrack)">Rogue One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi (soundtrack)">The Last Jedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo:_A_Star_Wars_Story_(soundtrack)" title="Solo: A Star Wars Story (soundtrack)">Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Rise_of_Skywalker_(soundtrack)" title="Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker (soundtrack)">The Rise of Skywalker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi_(soundtrack)" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi (soundtrack)">Obi-Wan Kenobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andor_(soundtrack)" title="Andor (soundtrack)">Andor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_in_other_media" title="Star Wars in other media">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_theme_parks_attractions" title="List of Star Wars theme parks attractions">Attractions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_A_Galactic_Spectacular" title="Star Wars: A Galactic Spectacular">A Galactic Spectacular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedi_Training:_Trials_of_the_Temple" title="Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple">Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Tours" title="Star Tours">Star Tours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Tours_%E2%80%93_The_Adventures_Continue" title="Star Tours – The Adventures Continue">The Adventures Continue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Path_of_the_Jedi" title="Star Wars: Path of the Jedi">Path of Jedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Galaxy%27s_Edge" title="Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge">Galaxy's Edge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Millennium_Falcon_%E2%80%93_Smugglers_Run" title="Star Wars: Millennium Falcon – Smugglers Run">Millennium Falcon – Smugglers Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Rise_of_the_Resistance" title="Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance">Rise of the Resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Galactic_Starcruiser" title="Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser">Galactic Starcruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Hyperspace_Mountain" title="Star Wars Hyperspace Mountain">Hyperspace Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Launch_Bay" title="Star Wars Launch Bay">Launch Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Weekends" title="Star Wars Weekends">Star Wars Weekends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Where_Science_Meets_Imagination" title="Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination">Where Science Meets Imagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Celebration" title="Star Wars Celebration">Star Wars Celebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_In_Concert" title="Star Wars: In Concert">In Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Wish" title="Disney Wish">Hyperspace Lounge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Star_Wars_documentaries" title="Category:Star Wars documentaries">Documentaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_Star_Wars" title="The Making of Star Wars">The Making of Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SP_FX:_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="SP FX: The Empire Strikes Back">SP FX: The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Creatures:_Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Classic Creatures: Return of the Jedi">Classic Creatures: Return of the Jedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Star_Wars_to_Jedi:_The_Making_of_a_Saga" title="From Star Wars to Jedi: The Making of a Saga">From Star Wars to Jedi: The Making of a Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Dreams:_The_Story_of_the_Star_Wars_Trilogy" title="Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy">Empire of Dreams: The Story of the Star Wars Trilogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Star_Wars_(miniseries)" title="Science of Star Wars (miniseries)">Science of Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Legacy_Revealed" title="Star Wars: The Legacy Revealed">The Legacy Revealed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Tech" title="Star Wars Tech">Star Wars Tech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars" title="Lego Star Wars">Lego</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars:_Droid_Tales" title="Lego Star Wars: Droid Tales">Droid Tales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars:_The_Resistance_Rises" title="Lego Star Wars: The Resistance Rises">The Resistance Rises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars:_The_Freemaker_Adventures" title="Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures">The Freemaker Adventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars:_Rebuild_the_Galaxy" title="Lego Star Wars: Rebuild the Galaxy">Rebuild the Galaxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Merchandise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Action figures <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenner_Star_Wars_action_figures" title="Kenner Star Wars action figures">Kenner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kenner_Star_Wars_action_figures" title="List of Kenner Star Wars action figures">list</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hasbro <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Vintage_Collection" title="Star Wars: The Vintage Collection">Vintage Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Transformers" title="Star Wars Transformers">Transformers</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Pez" title="Star Wars Pez">Pez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_Trainer" title="Force Trainer">Force Trainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepperton_Design_Studios" title="Shepperton Design Studios">Shepperton Design Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_trading_card" title="Star Wars trading card">Trading cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinylmation" title="Vinylmation">Vinylmation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_video_games" title="Star Wars video games">Video games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_video_games" title="List of Star Wars video games">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_books" title="List of Star Wars books">Books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_reference_books" title="List of Star Wars reference books">reference books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Insider" title="Star Wars Insider">Star Wars Insider</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_comics" title="Star Wars comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_comic_books" title="List of Star Wars comic books">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(manga)" title="Star Wars (manga)">manga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_in_other_media" title="Star Wars in other media">Legends</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_Legends_characters" title="List of Star Wars Legends characters">characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrawn_trilogy" title="Thrawn trilogy">Thrawn trilogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Shadows_of_the_Empire" title="Star Wars: Shadows of the Empire">Shadows of the Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Galaxies" title="Star Wars Galaxies">Galaxies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Knights_of_the_Old_Republic" title="Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic">Knights of the Old Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Unleashed" title="Star Wars: The Force Unleashed">The Force Unleashed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Old_Republic" title="Star Wars: The Old Republic">The Old Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_High_Republic" title="Star Wars: The High Republic">The High Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Star_Wars_actors" title="Lists of Star Wars actors">Cast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_film_actors" title="List of Star Wars film actors">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_television_series_actors" title="List of Star Wars television series actors">television series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changes_in_Star_Wars_re-releases" title="Changes in Star Wars re-releases">Changes in film re-releases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_shot_first" title="Han shot first">Han shot first</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_filming_locations" title="List of Star Wars filming locations">Filming locations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_opening_crawl" title="Star Wars opening crawl">Opening crawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_artists" title="List of Star Wars artists">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_sources_and_analogues" title="Star Wars sources and analogues">Sources and analogues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Star_Trek_and_Star_Wars" title="Comparison of Star Trek and Star Wars">comparison to Star Trek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Star_Wars_films" title="List of accolades received by Star Wars films">Accolades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accolades_received_by_Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens">The Force Awakens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_effects_of_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Special effects of The Empire Strikes Back">Special effects of The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Duel_of_the_Fates" title="Star Wars: Duel of the Fates">Duel of the Fates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_%26_Magic_(TV_series)" title="Light & Magic (TV series)">Light & Magic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Star_Wars" title="Cultural impact of Star Wars">Cultural impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_Star_Wars#Fandom,_fan_films_and_fan_edits" title="Cultural impact of Star Wars">Star Wars fandom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/501st_Legion" title="501st Legion">501st Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Legion" title="Rebel Legion">Rebel Legion</a></li></ul></li> <li>Religion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_Krewe_of_Chewbacchus" title="Intergalactic Krewe of Chewbacchus">Chewbacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jedi_census_phenomenon" title="Jedi census phenomenon">Jedi census phenomenon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Day" title="Star Wars Day">Star Wars Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_and_Other_Galactic_Funk" title="Star Wars and Other Galactic Funk">Star Wars and Other Galactic Funk</a></li> <li>Fan websites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wookieepedia" title="Wookieepedia">Wookieepedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheForce.Net" title="TheForce.Net">TheForce.Net</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceballs" title="Spaceballs">Spaceballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Force_for_Change" title="Star Wars: Force for Change">Force for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewbacca_defense" title="Chewbacca defense">Chewbacca defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoda_conditions" title="Yoda conditions">Yoda conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Star_(business)" title="Death Star (business)">Death Star (business)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisms_named_after_the_Star_Wars_series" title="List of organisms named after the Star Wars series">List of organisms named after the Star Wars series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Robot_Chicken_episodes#Specials" title="List of Robot Chicken episodes">Robot Chicken: Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laugh_It_Up,_Fuzzball:_The_Family_Guy_Trilogy" title="Laugh It Up, Fuzzball: The Family Guy Trilogy">The Family Guy Trilogy</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Saga_Begins" title="The Saga Begins">The Saga Begins</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Janitors" title="Space Janitors">Space Janitors</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="The_Simpsons_Disney+_shorts" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Disney%2B_shorts" title="The Simpsons Disney+ shorts">The Simpsons Disney+ shorts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Force_Awakens_from_Its_Nap" title="The Force Awakens from Its Nap">The Force Awakens from Its Nap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Not_Quite_One" title="Rogue Not Quite One">Rogue Not Quite One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_the_12th_Be_with_You" title="May the 12th Be with You">May the 12th Be with You</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Star_Wars" title="Category:Star Wars">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Lucas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Lucas" title="Template:George Lucas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Lucas" title="Template talk:George Lucas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Lucas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Lucas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Lucas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas_filmography" title="George Lucas filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas_bibliography" title="George Lucas bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_George_Lucas" title="List of awards and nominations received by George Lucas">Awards and nominations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THX_1138" title="THX 1138">THX 1138</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Look_at_Life_(film)" title="Look at Life (film)">Look at Life</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbie_(film)" title="Herbie (film)">Herbie</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiheit_(film)" title="Freiheit (film)">Freiheit</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1:42.08" title="1:42.08">1:42.08</a> (1966, documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyone_Lived_in_a_Pretty_How_Town_(film)" title="Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town (film)">Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_(film)" title="The Emperor (film)">The Emperor</a> (1967, documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Labyrinth:_THX_1138_4EB" title="Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB">Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6-18-67" title="6-18-67">6-18-67</a> (1967, documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaker_(film)" title="Filmmaker (film)">Filmmaker</a> (1968, documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Courage:_An_Ewok_Adventure" title="Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure">The Ewok Adventure</a> (1984, TV film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks:_The_Battle_for_Endor" title="Ewoks: The Battle for Endor">Ewoks: The Battle for Endor</a> (1985, TV film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_EO" title="Captain EO">Captain EO</a> (1986, short attraction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(1988_film)" title="Willow (1988 film)">Willow</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioland_Murders" title="Radioland Murders">Radioland Murders</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Kingdom_of_the_Crystal_Skull" title="Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull">Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_Magic_(film)" title="Strange Magic (film)">Strange Magic</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Indiana_Jones_Chronicles" title="The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles">The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles</a> (1992–96 / 1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(2008_TV_series)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)">Star Wars: The Clone Wars</a> (2008–14; 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Detours" title="Star Wars Detours">Star Wars Detours</a> (unaired)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_From_the_Adventures_of_Luke_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker">Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker</a> (1976, credit only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Moon" title="Shadow Moon">Shadow Moon</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Dawn" title="Shadow Dawn">Shadow Dawn</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Star_(novel)" title="Shadow Star (novel)">Shadow Star</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Franchises created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones" title="Indiana Jones">Indiana Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Willow (franchise)">Willow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bald:_The_Making_of_THX_1138" title="Bald: The Making of THX 1138">Bald: The Making of THX 1138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_%26_Magic_(TV_series)" title="Light & Magic (TV series)">Light & Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Zoetrope" title="American Zoetrope">American Zoetrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">ILM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LucasArts" class="mw-redirect" title="LucasArts">LucasArts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm_Animation" title="Lucasfilm Animation">Lucasfilm Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skywalker_Sound" title="Skywalker Sound">Skywalker Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Museum_of_Narrative_Art" title="Lucas Museum of Narrative Art">Lucas Museum of Narrative Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skywalker_Ranch" title="Skywalker Ranch">Skywalker Ranch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Star_Wars_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Star Wars Corporation">The Star Wars Corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THX" title="THX">THX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edutopia" title="Edutopia">Edutopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lawrence_Kasdan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Template:Lawrence Kasdan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Template talk:Lawrence Kasdan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lawrence Kasdan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lawrence_Kasdan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_Heat" title="Body Heat">Body Heat</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Chill_(film)" title="The Big Chill (film)">The Big Chill</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverado_(film)" title="Silverado (film)">Silverado</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Accidental_Tourist_(film)" title="The Accidental Tourist (film)">The Accidental Tourist</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Love_You_to_Death" title="I Love You to Death">I Love You to Death</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_(1991_film)" title="Grand Canyon (1991 film)">Grand Canyon</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Earp_(film)" title="Wyatt Earp (film)">Wyatt Earp</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Kiss_(1995_film)" title="French Kiss (1995 film)">French Kiss</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumford_(film)" title="Mumford (film)">Mumford</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamcatcher_(2003_film)" title="Dreamcatcher (2003 film)">Dreamcatcher</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darling_Companion" title="Darling Companion">Darling Companion</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_%26_Magic_(TV_series)" title="Light & Magic (TV series)">Light & Magic</a> (2022, docuseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Written only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_(film)" title="Continental Divide (film)">Continental Divide</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bodyguard_(1992_film)" title="The Bodyguard (1992 film)">The Bodyguard</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo:_A_Star_Wars_Story" title="Solo: A Star Wars Story">Solo: A Star Wars Story</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Kasdan_family" title="Category:Kasdan family">Kasdan family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lucasfilm" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lucasfilm" title="Template:Lucasfilm"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lucasfilm" title="Template talk:Lucasfilm"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lucasfilm" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lucasfilm"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lucasfilm" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_(division)" title="Walt Disney Studios (division)">Walt Disney Studios</a>, a division of <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lucasfilm_productions" title="List of Lucasfilm productions">Productions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_American_Graffiti" title="More American Graffiti">More American Graffiti</a> (1979)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twice_Upon_a_Time_(1983_film)" title="Twice Upon a Time (1983 film)">Twice Upon a Time</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_(film)" title="Latino (film)">Latino</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishima:_A_Life_in_Four_Chapters" title="Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters">Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labyrinth_(1986_film)" title="Labyrinth (1986 film)">Labyrinth</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_the_Duck_(film)" title="Howard the Duck (film)">Howard the Duck</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker:_The_Man_and_His_Dream" title="Tucker: The Man and His Dream">Tucker: The Man and His Dream</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(1988_film)" title="Willow (1988 film)">Willow</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_Before_Time_(film)" title="The Land Before Time (film)">The Land Before Time</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioland_Murders" title="Radioland Murders">Radioland Murders</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones" title="Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones">Episode II – Attack of the Clones</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Kingdom_of_the_Crystal_Skull" title="Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull">Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)">Star Wars: The Clone Wars</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tails" title="Red Tails">Red Tails</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strange_Magic_(film)" title="Strange Magic (film)">Strange Magic</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One: A Star Wars Story</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi">Star Wars: The Last Jedi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo:_A_Star_Wars_Story" title="Solo: A Star Wars Story">Solo: A Star Wars Story</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Rise_of_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker">Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Dial_of_Destiny" title="Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny">Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian_%26_Grogu" title="The Mandalorian & Grogu">The Mandalorian & Grogu</a> (2026)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Unproduced" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unproduced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Duel_of_the_Fates" title="Star Wars: Duel of the Fates">Star Wars: Duel of the Fates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Droids" title="Star Wars: Droids">Star Wars: Droids</a> (1985–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks_(TV_series)" title="Ewoks (TV series)">Ewoks</a> (1985–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniac_Mansion_(TV_series)" title="Maniac Mansion (TV series)">Maniac Mansion</a> (1990–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Indiana_Jones_Chronicles" title="The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles">The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles</a> (1992–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Clone_Wars_(2003_TV_series)" title="Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)">Star Wars: Clone Wars</a> (2003–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(2008_TV_series)" title="Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)">The Clone Wars</a> (2008–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Rebels" title="Star Wars Rebels">Rebels</a> (2014–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_Star_Wars:_The_Freemaker_Adventures" title="Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures">Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures</a> (2016–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Forces_of_Destiny" title="Star Wars Forces of Destiny">Star Wars Forces of Destiny</a> (2017–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Resistance" title="Star Wars Resistance">Resistance</a> (2018–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mandalorian" title="The Mandalorian">The Mandalorian</a> (2019–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Visions" title="Star Wars: Visions">Visions</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Boba_Fett" title="The Book of Boba Fett">The Book of Boba Fett</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Bad_Batch" title="Star Wars: The Bad Batch">Star Wars: The Bad Batch</a> (2021–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi-Wan_Kenobi_(miniseries)" title="Obi-Wan Kenobi (miniseries)">Obi-Wan Kenobi</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_%26_Magic_(TV_series)" title="Light & Magic (TV series)">Light & Magic</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andor_(TV_series)" title="Andor (TV series)">Andor</a> (2022–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Tales" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars: Tales">Star Wars: Tales</a> (2022–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(TV_series)" title="Willow (TV series)">Willow</a> (2022–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Young_Jedi_Adventures" title="Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures">Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahsoka_(TV_series)" title="Ahsoka (TV series)">Ahsoka</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Acolyte_(TV_series)" title="The Acolyte (TV series)">The Acolyte</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Skeleton_Crew" title="Star Wars: Skeleton Crew">Skeleton Crew</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Unaired" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unaired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Detours" title="Star Wars Detours">Star Wars Detours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caravan_of_Courage:_An_Ewok_Adventure" title="Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure">Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewoks:_The_Battle_for_Endor" title="Ewoks: The Battle for Endor">Ewoks: The Battle for Endor</a> (1985)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theme park films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_EO" title="Captain EO">Captain EO</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Tours" title="Star Tours">Star Tours</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExtraTERRORestrial_Alien_Encounter" class="mw-redirect" title="ExtraTERRORestrial Alien Encounter">ExtraTERRORestrial Alien Encounter</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Tours_%E2%80%93_The_Adventures_Continue" title="Star Tours – The Adventures Continue">Star Tours – The Adventures Continue</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones" title="Indiana Jones">Indiana Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(1988_film)#Other_media" title="Willow (1988 film)">Willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related productions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THX_1138" title="THX 1138">THX 1138</a> (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skywalker_Sound" title="Skywalker Sound">Skywalker Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm_Animation" title="Lucasfilm Animation">Lucasfilm Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm_Games" title="Lucasfilm Games">Lucasfilm Games</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former_divisions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Droid Works <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EditDroid" title="EditDroid">EditDroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoundDroid" title="SoundDroid">SoundDroid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerner_Optical" title="Kerner Optical">Kerner Optical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THX" title="THX">THX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(producer)" title="Kathleen Kennedy (producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (President)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Roffman" title="Howard Roffman">Howard Roffman</a> (EVP, Franchise Management)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/StageCraft" title="StageCraft">StageCraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seventh_Tower" title="The Seventh Tower">The Seventh Tower</a> (2000−01)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yearly_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Template:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Template talk:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yearly_highest-grossing_US_films" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yearly highest-grossing US films"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yearly_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States_by_year" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United States by year">Yearly highest-grossing films in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Films listed as number-one by in-year release</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s–1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1977_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1977 box office number-one films in the United States">1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_(film)" title="Grease (film)">Grease</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1978_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1978 box office number-one films in the United States">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1979_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1979 box office number-one films in the United States">1979</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1980_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1980 box office number-one films in the United States">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1981_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1981 box office number-one films in the United States">1981</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1982_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1982 box office number-one films in the United States">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1983_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1983 box office number-one films in the United States">1983</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Cop" title="Beverly Hills Cop">Beverly Hills Cop</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1984_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1984 box office number-one films in the United States">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1985_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1985 box office number-one films in the United States">1985</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun" title="Top Gun">Top Gun</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1986_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1986 box office number-one films in the United States">1986</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Men_and_a_Baby" title="Three Men and a Baby">Three Men and a Baby</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1987_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1987 box office number-one films in the United States">1987</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_Man" title="Rain Man">Rain Man</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1988_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1988 box office number-one films in the United States">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)" title="Batman (1989 film)">Batman</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1989_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1989 box office number-one films in the United States">1989</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s−2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_Alone" title="Home Alone">Home Alone</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1990_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1990 box office number-one films in the United States">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1991_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1991 box office number-one films in the United States">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_Disney_film)" title="Aladdin (1992 Disney film)">Aladdin</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1992_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1992 box office number-one films in the United States">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1993_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1993 box office number-one films in the United States">1993</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1994_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1994 box office number-one films in the United States">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story" title="Toy Story">Toy Story</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1995_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1995 box office number-one films in the United States">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1996_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1996 box office number-one films in the United States">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1997_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1997 box office number-one films in the United States">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1998_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1998 box office number-one films in the United States">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace" title="Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace">Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_1999_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 1999 box office number-one films in the United States">1999</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_the_Grinch_Stole_Christmas_(2000_film)" title="How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)">How the Grinch Stole Christmas</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2000_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2000 box office number-one films in the United States">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_(film)" title="Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)">Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2001_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2001 box office number-one films in the United States">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_(2002_film)" title="Spider-Man (2002 film)">Spider-Man</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2002_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2002 box office number-one films in the United States">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2003_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2003 box office number-one films in the United States">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrek_2" title="Shrek 2">Shrek 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2004_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2004 box office number-one films in the United States">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2005_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2005 box office number-one films in the United States">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest" title="Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest">Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2006_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2006 box office number-one films in the United States">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_3" title="Spider-Man 3">Spider-Man 3</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2007_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2007 box office number-one films in the United States">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Knight" title="The Dark Knight">The Dark Knight</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2008_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2008 box office number-one films in the United States">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2009_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2009 box office number-one films in the United States">2009</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s−2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_3" title="Toy Story 3">Toy Story 3</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2010_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2010 box office number-one films in the United States">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2" title="Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2">Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2011_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2011 box office number-one films in the United States">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="The Avengers (2012 film)">The Avengers</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2012_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2012 box office number-one films in the United States">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunger_Games:_Catching_Fire" title="The Hunger Games: Catching Fire">The Hunger Games: Catching Fire</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2013_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2013 box office number-one films in the United States">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sniper" title="American Sniper">American Sniper</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2014_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2014 box office number-one films in the United States">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2015_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2015 box office number-one films in the United States">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2016_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2016 box office number-one films in the United States">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi">Star Wars: The Last Jedi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2017_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2017 box office number-one films in the United States">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_(film)" title="Black Panther (film)">Black Panther</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2018_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2018 box office number-one films in the United States">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avengers:_Endgame" title="Avengers: Endgame">Avengers: Endgame</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2019_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2019 box office number-one films in the United States">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Boys_for_Life" title="Bad Boys for Life">Bad Boys for Life</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2020_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2020 box office number-one films in the United States">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider-Man:_No_Way_Home" title="Spider-Man: No Way Home">Spider-Man: No Way Home</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2021_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2021 box office number-one films in the United States">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun:_Maverick" title="Top Gun: Maverick">Top Gun: Maverick</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2022_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2022 box office number-one films in the United States">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbie_(film)" title="Barbie (film)">Barbie</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_2023_box_office_number-one_films_in_the_United_States" title="List of 2023 box office number-one films in the United States">2023</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada">List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for The Empire Strikes Back</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Visual Effects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Academy Award for Best Visual Effects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1963–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Kosa_Jr." title="Emil Kosa Jr.">Emil Kosa Jr.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)" title="Cleopatra (1963 film)">Cleopatra</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ellenshaw" title="Peter Ellenshaw">Peter Ellenshaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eustace_Lycett" title="Eustace Lycett">Eustace Lycett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Luske" title="Hamilton Luske">Hamilton Luske</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins_(film)" title="Mary Poppins (film)">Mary Poppins</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stears" title="John Stears">John Stears</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thunderball_(film)" title="Thunderball (film)">Thunderball</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Cruickshank" title="Art Cruickshank">Art Cruickshank</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Voyage" title="Fantastic Voyage">Fantastic Voyage</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Dolittle_(1967_film)" title="Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)">Doctor Dolittle</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> – <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey">2001: A Space Odyssey</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robie_Robertson" title="Robie Robertson">Robie Robertson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marooned_(1969_film)" title="Marooned (1969 film)">Marooned</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._D._Flowers" title="A. D. Flowers">A. D. Flowers</a> and <a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tora!_Tora!_Tora!" title="Tora! Tora! Tora!">Tora! Tora! Tora!</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Maley" title="Alan Maley">Alan Maley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eustace_Lycett" title="Eustace Lycett">Eustace Lycett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Danny_Lee_(special_effects_artist)" title="Danny Lee (special effects artist)">Danny Lee</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bedknobs_and_Broomsticks" title="Bedknobs and Broomsticks">Bedknobs and Broomsticks</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Abbott" title="L. B. Abbott">L. B. Abbott</a> and <a href="/wiki/A._D._Flowers" title="A. D. Flowers">A. D. Flowers</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Poseidon_Adventure_(1972_film)" title="The Poseidon Adventure (1972 film)">The Poseidon Adventure</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Brendel" title="Frank Brendel">Frank Brendel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Whitlock" title="Albert Whitlock">Albert Whitlock</a> – <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_(1974_film)" title="Earthquake (1974 film)">Earthquake</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Whitlock" title="Albert Whitlock">Albert Whitlock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Hindenburg_(film)" title="The Hindenburg (film)">The Hindenburg</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Robinson_(visual_effects)" title="Glen Robinson (visual effects)">Glen Robinson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Van_der_Veer" title="Frank Van der Veer">Frank Van der Veer</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">King Kong</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stears" title="John Stears">John Stears</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dykstra" title="John Dykstra">John Dykstra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grant_McCune" title="Grant McCune">Grant McCune</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blalack" title="Robert Blalack">Robert Blalack</a> – <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Bowie" title="Les Bowie">Les Bowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Chilvers" title="Colin Chilvers">Colin Chilvers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denys_Coop" title="Denys Coop">Denys Coop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Field" title="Roy Field">Roy Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Meddings" title="Derek Meddings">Derek Meddings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Perisic_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Zoran Perisic (visual effects artist)">Zoran Perisic</a> – <a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Giger" title="H. R. Giger">H. R. Giger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Brian Johnson (special effects artist)">Brian Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Allder" title="Nick Allder">Nick Allder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ayling" title="Dennis Ayling">Dennis Ayling</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Johnson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Brian Johnson (special effects artist)">Brian Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nicholson" title="Bruce Nicholson">Bruce Nicholson</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kit_West" title="Kit West">Kit West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nicholson" title="Bruce Nicholson">Bruce Nicholson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Johnston" title="Joe Johnston">Joe Johnston</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rambaldi" title="Carlo Rambaldi">Carlo Rambaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_F._Smith" title="Kenneth F. Smith">Kenneth F. Smith</a> – <a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edlund" title="Richard Edlund">Richard Edlund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a> – <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McAlister" title="Michael J. McAlister">Michael J. McAlister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorne_Peterson" title="Lorne Peterson">Lorne Peterson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Temple_of_Doom" title="Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom">Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_McQuarrie" title="Ralph McQuarrie">Ralph McQuarrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Farrar" title="Scott Farrar">Scott Farrar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Berry_(special_effects_artist)" title="David Berry (special effects artist)">David Berry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cocoon_(film)" title="Cocoon (film)">Cocoon</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(special_effects_designer)" title="John Richardson (special effects designer)">John Richardson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_M._Benson" title="Suzanne M. Benson">Suzanne M. Benson</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_George_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Bill George (visual effects supervisor)">Bill George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harley_Jessup" title="Harley Jessup">Harley Jessup</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_F._Smith" title="Kenneth F. Smith">Kenneth F. Smith</a> - <a href="/wiki/Innerspace" title="Innerspace">Innerspace</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Williams_(animator)" title="Richard Williams (animator)">Richard Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Jones_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Edward Jones (visual effects artist)">Edward Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Gibbs_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Gibbs (special effects artist)">George Gibbs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruno_(special_effects)" title="John Bruno (special effects)">John Bruno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Yeatman" title="Hoyt Yeatman">Hoyt Yeatman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Skotak" title="Dennis Skotak">Dennis Skotak</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Abyss" title="The Abyss">The Abyss</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Brevig" title="Eric Brevig">Eric Brevig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rob_Bottin" title="Rob Bottin">Rob Bottin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_McGovern" title="Tim McGovern">Tim McGovern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/Total_Recall_(1990_film)" title="Total Recall (1990 film)">Total Recall</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Warren_Jr." title="Gene Warren Jr.">Gene Warren Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Skotak" title="Robert Skotak">Robert Skotak</a> – <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Chiang" title="Doug Chiang">Doug Chiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Smythe" title="Douglas Smythe">Douglas Smythe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Woodruff_Jr." title="Tom Woodruff Jr.">Tom Woodruff Jr.</a> – <a href="/wiki/Death_Becomes_Her" title="Death Becomes Her">Death Becomes Her</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muren" title="Dennis Muren">Dennis Muren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Tippett" title="Phil Tippett">Phil Tippett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lantieri" title="Michael Lantieri">Michael Lantieri</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Ralston" title="Ken Ralston">Ken Ralston</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy_(special_effects_artist)" title="George Murphy (special effects artist)">George Murphy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_E._Anderson" title="Scott E. Anderson">Scott E. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Charles Gibson (special effects artist)">Charles Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neal_Scanlan" title="Neal Scanlan">Neal Scanlan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Cox_(special_effects_artist)" title="John Cox (special effects artist)">John Cox</a> – <a href="/wiki/Babe_(film)" title="Babe (film)">Babe</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volker_Engel" title="Volker Engel">Volker Engel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Smith_(special_effects_artist)" title="Douglas Smith (special effects artist)">Douglas Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clay_Pinney" title="Clay Pinney">Clay Pinney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Viskocil" title="Joe Viskocil">Joe Viskocil</a> – <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lasoff" title="Mark Lasoff">Mark Lasoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Fisher" title="Thomas L. Fisher">Thomas L. Fisher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kanfer" title="Michael Kanfer">Michael Kanfer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Hynek" title="Joel Hynek">Joel Hynek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Brooks_(special_effects_artist)" title="Nicholas Brooks (special effects artist)">Nicholas Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Robertson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Stuart Robertson (visual effects artist)">Stuart Robertson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Mack_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Kevin Mack (visual effects artist)">Kevin Mack</a> – <a href="/wiki/What_Dreams_May_Come_(film)" title="What Dreams May Come (film)">What Dreams May Come</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gaeta" title="John Gaeta">John Gaeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janek_Sirrs" title="Janek Sirrs">Janek Sirrs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Courtley" title="Steve Courtley">Steve Courtley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Thum" title="Jon Thum">Jon Thum</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="John Nelson (visual effects artist)">John Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burke_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Tim Burke (visual effects supervisor)">Tim Burke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rob_Harvey_(special_effects_artist)" title="Rob Harvey (special effects artist)">Rob Harvey</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Stetson" title="Mark Stetson">Mark Stetson</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rygiel" title="Jim Rygiel">Jim Rygiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randall_William_Cook" title="Randall William Cook">Randall William Cook</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Funke" title="Alex Funke">Alex Funke</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dykstra" title="John Dykstra">John Dykstra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Stokdyk" title="Scott Stokdyk">Scott Stokdyk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_LaMolinara" title="Anthony LaMolinara">Anthony LaMolinara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Frazier" title="John Frazier">John Frazier</a> – <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man_2" title="Spider-Man 2">Spider-Man 2</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Van%27t_Hul" title="Brian Van't Hul">Brian Van't Hul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Rivers" title="Christian Rivers">Christian Rivers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Richard Taylor (filmmaker)">Richard Taylor</a> – <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Knoll" title="John Knoll">John Knoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hal_Hickel" title="Hal Hickel">Hal Hickel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gibson_(special_effects_artist)" title="Charles Gibson (special effects artist)">Charles Gibson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allen_Hall_(special_effects_artist)" title="Allen Hall (special effects artist)">Allen Hall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean:_Dead_Man%27s_Chest" title="Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest">Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_L._Fink" title="Michael L. Fink">Michael L. Fink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Morris_(special_effects_artist)" title="Ben Morris (special effects artist)">Ben Morris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Wood_(special_effects_artist)" title="Trevor Wood (special effects artist)">Trevor Wood</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Compass_(film)" title="The Golden Compass (film)">The Golden Compass</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Barba" title="Eric Barba">Eric Barba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Preeg" title="Steve Preeg">Steve Preeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burt_Dalton" title="Burt Dalton">Burt Dalton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Craig_Barron" title="Craig Barron">Craig Barron</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Curious_Case_of_Benjamin_Button_(film)" title="The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)">The Curious Case of Benjamin Button</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Rosenbaum" title="Stephen Rosenbaum">Stephen Rosenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Corbould" title="Chris Corbould">Chris Corbould</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bebb" title="Peter Bebb">Peter Bebb</a> – <a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joss_Williams" title="Joss Williams">Joss Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Grossmann" title="Ben Grossmann">Ben Grossmann</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Henning" title="Alex Henning">Alex Henning</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugo_(film)" title="Hugo (film)">Hugo</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Westenhofer" title="Bill Westenhofer">Bill Westenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erik-Jan_de_Boer" title="Erik-Jan de Boer">Erik-Jan de Boer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Donald_R._Elliott" title="Donald R. Elliott">Donald R. Elliott</a> – <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Pi_(film)" title="Life of Pi (film)">Life of Pi</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Webber" title="Tim Webber">Tim Webber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Lawrence_(visual_effects)" title="Chris Lawrence (visual effects)">Chris Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Shirk" title="Dave Shirk">Dave Shirk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Corbould" title="Neil Corbould">Neil Corbould</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Franklin_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Paul Franklin (visual effects supervisor)">Paul Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hunter_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Ian Hunter (visual effects supervisor)">Ian Hunter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a> – <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Williams_Ardington" title="Mark Williams Ardington">Mark Williams Ardington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sara_Bennett" title="Sara Bennett">Sara Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Norris_(visual_effects)" title="Paul Norris (visual effects)">Paul Norris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Whitehurst" title="Andrew Whitehurst">Andrew Whitehurst</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ex_Machina_(film)" title="Ex Machina (film)">Ex Machina</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Legato" title="Robert Legato">Robert Legato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Valdez" title="Adam Valdez">Adam Valdez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Jones" title="Andrew R. Jones">Andrew R. Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Lemmon" title="Dan Lemmon">Dan Lemmon</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_(2016_film)" title="The Jungle Book (2016 film)">The Jungle Book</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(visual_effects_artist)" title="John Nelson (visual effects artist)">John Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Hoover" title="Richard R. Hoover">Richard R. Hoover</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner_2049" title="Blade Runner 2049">Blade Runner 2049</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hunter_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Ian Hunter (visual effects supervisor)">Ian Hunter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Myles" title="Tristan Myles">Tristan Myles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/J._D._Schwalm" title="J. D. Schwalm">J. D. Schwalm</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Man_(film)" title="First Man (film)">First Man</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Rocheron" title="Guillaume Rocheron">Guillaume Rocheron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Butler_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Greg Butler (visual effects supervisor)">Greg Butler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Tuohy" title="Dominic Tuohy">Dominic Tuohy</a> – <a href="/wiki/1917_(2019_film)" title="1917 (2019 film)">1917</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_(visual_effects)" title="Andrew Jackson (visual effects)">Andrew Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(visual_effects_artist)" title="David Lee (visual effects artist)">David Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lockley" title="Andrew Lockley">Andrew Lockley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scott_R._Fisher" title="Scott R. Fisher">Scott R. Fisher</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tenet_(film)" title="Tenet (film)">Tenet</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lambert_(special_effects_artist)" title="Paul Lambert (special effects artist)">Paul Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Myles" title="Tristan Myles">Tristan Myles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Connor_(visual_effects_artist)" title="Brian Connor (visual effects artist)">Brian Connor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Nefzer" title="Gerd Nefzer">Gerd Nefzer</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dune_(2021_film)" title="Dune (2021 film)">Dune</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Letteri" title="Joe Letteri">Joe Letteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baneham" title="Richard Baneham">Richard Baneham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Saindon" title="Eric Saindon">Eric Saindon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barrett_(visual_effects_supervisor)" title="Daniel Barrett (visual effects supervisor)">Daniel Barrett</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Way_of_Water" title="Avatar: The Way of Water">Avatar: The Way of Water</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Yamazaki" title="Takashi Yamazaki">Takashi Yamazaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiyoko_Shibuya" title="Kiyoko Shibuya">Kiyoko Shibuya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masaki_Takahashi" title="Masaki Takahashi">Masaki Takahashi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tatsuji_Nojima" title="Tatsuji Nojima">Tatsuji Nojima</a> – <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Minus_One" title="Godzilla Minus One">Godzilla Minus One</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DBD7D2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Template:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Template talk:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation" title="Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation">Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1958: <a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Shrinking_Man" title="The Incredible Shrinking Man">The Incredible Shrinking Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1960: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Menagerie_(Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series)" title="The Menagerie (Star Trek: The Original Series)">The Menagerie</a>"</li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_City_on_the_Edge_of_Forever" title="The City on the Edge of Forever">The City on the Edge of Forever</a>"</li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey" title="2001: A Space Odyssey">2001: A Space Odyssey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970: News coverage of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse-Five_(film)" title="Slaughterhouse-Five (film)">Slaughterhouse-Five</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Sleeper_(1973_film)" title="Sleeper (1973 film)">Sleeper</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Young_Frankenstein" title="Young Frankenstein">Young Frankenstein</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/A_Boy_and_His_Dog_(1975_film)" title="A Boy and His Dog (1975 film)">A Boy and His Dog</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a></li> <li>1981: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Empire Strikes Back</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/2010:_The_Year_We_Make_Contact" title="2010: The Year We Make Contact">2010: The Year We Make Contact</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Bride_(film)" title="The Princess Bride (film)">The Princess Bride</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Who_Framed_Roger_Rabbit" title="Who Framed Roger Rabbit">Who Framed Roger Rabbit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade" title="Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade">Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Scissorhands" title="Edward Scissorhands">Edward Scissorhands</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Inner_Light_(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="The Inner Light (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">The Inner Light</a>"</li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation" title="Star Trek: The Next Generation">Star Trek: The Next Generation</a> – "<a href="/wiki/All_Good_Things..._(Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation)" title="All Good Things... (Star Trek: The Next Generation)">All Good Things...</a>"</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a> – "<a href="/wiki/The_Coming_of_Shadows" title="The Coming of Shadows">The Coming of Shadows</a>"</li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Babylon_5" title="Babylon 5">Babylon 5</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Severed_Dreams" title="Severed Dreams">Severed Dreams</a>"</li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Contact_(1997_American_film)" title="Contact (1997 American film)">Contact</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/The_Truman_Show" title="The Truman Show">The Truman Show</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #C0C0C0">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Quest" title="Galaxy Quest">Galaxy Quest</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #6CC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Template:Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Template talk:Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Film" title="Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film">Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse-Five_(film)" title="Slaughterhouse-Five (film)">Slaughterhouse-Five</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soylent_Green" title="Soylent Green">Soylent Green</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollerball_(1975_film)" title="Rollerball (1975 film)">Rollerball</a> (1974/75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan%27s_Run_(film)" title="Logan's Run (film)">Logan's Run</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(film)" title="Star Wars (film)">Star Wars</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_(film)" title="Alien (film)">Alien</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Empire Strikes Back</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superman_II" title="Superman II">Superman II</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Terminator" title="The Terminator">The Terminator</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_Future" title="Back to the Future">Back to the Future</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RoboCop" title="RoboCop">RoboCop</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Nation_(film)" title="Alien Nation (film)">Alien Nation</a> (1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Total_Recall_(1990_film)" title="Total Recall (1990 film)">Total Recall</a> (1989/90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminator_2:_Judgment_Day" title="Terminator 2: Judgment Day">Terminator 2: Judgment Day</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_VI:_The_Undiscovered_Country" title="Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country">Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Park_(film)" title="Jurassic Park (film)">Jurassic Park</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargate_(film)" title="Stargate (film)">Stargate</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Monkeys" title="12 Monkeys">12 Monkeys</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(1996_film)" title="Independence Day (1996 film)">Independence Day</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_Black_(1997_film)" title="Men in Black (1997 film)">Men in Black</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon_(1998_film)" title="Armageddon (1998 film)">Armageddon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dark_City_(1998_film)" title="Dark City (1998 film)">Dark City</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-Men_(film)" title="X-Men (film)">X-Men</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.I._Artificial_Intelligence" title="A.I. Artificial Intelligence">A.I. Artificial Intelligence</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Report_(film)" title="Minority Report (film)">Minority Report</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X2_(film)" title="X2 (film)">X2: X-Men United</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_Sunshine_of_the_Spotless_Mind" title="Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind">Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_%E2%80%93_Revenge_of_the_Sith" title="Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith">Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Men" title="Children of Men">Children of Men</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloverfield" title="Cloverfield">Cloverfield</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Man_(2008_film)" title="Iron Man (2008 film)">Iron Man</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Planet_of_the_Apes" title="Rise of the Planet of the Apes">Rise of the Planet of the Apes</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Avengers_(2012_film)" title="The Avengers (2012 film)">The Avengers</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_(film)" title="Interstellar (film)">Interstellar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Awakens" title="Star Wars: The Force Awakens">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_One" title="Rogue One">Rogue One: A Star Wars Story</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner_2049" title="Blade Runner 2049">Blade Runner 2049</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">Ready Player One</a> (2018/19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Rise_of_Skywalker" title="Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker">Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker</a> (2019/20)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #6CC;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nope_(film)" title="Nope (film)">Nope</a> (2021/22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Way_of_Water" title="Avatar: The Way of Water">Avatar: The Way of Water</a> (2022/23)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 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.portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/17px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/26px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg/34px-Rubik%27s_cube_v3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="530" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:1980s" title="Portal:1980s">1980s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/29px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/19px-Sf-userbox.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/29px-Sf-userbox.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sf-userbox.png/38px-Sf-userbox.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Science fiction">Science fiction</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragon-149393.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/18px-Dragon-149393.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/28px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/37px-Dragon-149393.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="529" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/21px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/42px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Space">Space</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 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.portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">The Empire Strikes Back at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Star_Wars:_Episode_V_%E2%80%93_The_Empire_Strikes_Back" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181795" class="extiw" title="d:Q181795">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181795#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181795#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181795#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/186700474">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4396738-3">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80020079">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14438655w">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14438655w">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007369785805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058516989406706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/182088855">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&oldid=1259126470">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Empire_Strikes_Back&oldid=1259126470</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_films" title="Category:1980 films">1980 films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="Category:The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980_science_fiction_films" title="Category:1980 science fiction films">1980 science fiction films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_English-language_films" title="Category:1980s English-language films">1980s English-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_science_fiction_action_films" title="Category:1980s science fiction action films">1980s science fiction action films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_science_fiction_war_films" title="Category:1980s science fiction war films">1980s science fiction war films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_science_fiction_action_films" title="Category:American science fiction action films">American science fiction action films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_science_fiction_war_films" title="Category:American science fiction war films">American science fiction war films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_sequel_films" title="Category:American sequel films">American sequel films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:BAFTA_winners_(films)" title="Category:BAFTA winners (films)">BAFTA winners (films)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_rebellions" title="Category:Films about rebellions">Films about rebellions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Irvin_Kershner" title="Category:Films directed by Irvin Kershner">Films directed by Irvin Kershner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_produced_by_Gary_Kurtz" title="Category:Films produced by Gary Kurtz">Films produced by Gary Kurtz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_John_Williams" title="Category:Films scored by John Williams">Films scored by John Williams</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_swamps" title="Category:Films set in swamps">Films set in swamps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_at_EMI-Elstree_Studios" title="Category:Films shot at EMI-Elstree Studios">Films shot at EMI-Elstree Studios</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Norway" title="Category:Films shot in Norway">Films shot in Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_that_won_the_Best_Sound_Mixing_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy Award">Films that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_using_stop-motion_animation" title="Category:Films using stop-motion animation">Films using stop-motion animation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_George_Lucas" title="Category:Films with screenplays by George Lucas">Films with screenplays by George Lucas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_Leigh_Brackett" title="Category:Films with screenplays by Leigh Brackett">Films with screenplays by Leigh Brackett</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Puppet_films" title="Category:Puppet films">Puppet films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hugo_Award_for_Best_Dramatic_Presentation%E2%80%93winning_works" title="Category:Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation–winning works">Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation–winning works</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th_Century_Fox_films" title="Category:20th Century Fox films">20th Century Fox films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lucasfilm_films" title="Category:Lucasfilm films">Lucasfilm films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fantasy_films" title="Category:Science fantasy films">Science fantasy films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_adventure_films" title="Category:Science fiction adventure films">Science fiction adventure films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Star_Wars_Skywalker_Saga_films" title="Category:Star Wars Skywalker Saga films">Star Wars Skywalker Saga films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_National_Film_Registry_films" title="Category:United States National Film Registry films">United States National Film Registry films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_American_films" title="Category:1980s American films">1980s American films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Category:Films with screenplays by Lawrence Kasdan">Films with screenplays by Lawrence Kasdan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_science_fiction_action_films" title="Category:English-language science fiction action films">English-language science fiction action films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_war_films" title="Category:English-language war films">English-language war films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saturn_Award%E2%80%93winning_films" title="Category:Saturn Award–winning films">Saturn Award–winning films</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a 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title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 14:29 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative 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Template:Infobox_film"," 6.90% 261.937 1 Template:Infobox"," 6.00% 227.636 7 Template:Efn-lr"," 5.85% 221.913 2 Template:Navboxes"," 5.13% 194.861 24 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.373","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":13906014,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAckerman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnders2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArnold,_Alan1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArnold1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsher-Perrin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBacon2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnes2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenning2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBirnbaum1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlauvelt2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBock1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoucher2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBova1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrew2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreznican2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreznican2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBritt2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooksBraver2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuckley1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBullard2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurwick2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuxton2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCanby1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCastro2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCavanaugh2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChamplin1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharisma2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChild2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChitwood2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarke1980\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFClarkeB1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCombs2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoombes2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCork2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCouch2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCremona2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCronin2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD\u0026#039;Alessandro2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDean2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDebrugeGleibermanKennedyKiang2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenby1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiaz2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDockterman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDockterman2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEbert1997\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmmerich2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEpstein2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerguson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFranich2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGould_Boyum1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenberg2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreeneMoreci2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroves1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunn2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarmetz1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarmetz1981\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFHarwood1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHead2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHearn2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHigham1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoovier2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutchinson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJorgensen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatz2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKehr\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirkland2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnight2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoning1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKornheiser1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLambie2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLancashire1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonard2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewin1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoughrey2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLovece2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowry2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLussier2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLussier2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLussierTremblayJean-Louis2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacGregor2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMandell1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaslin1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaslin1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClintock2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeslow2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMooney2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoreau2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNathan1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNathan2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewbold2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNguyenJanowitz2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNugent2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neil2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrange2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPacker1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPage2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalmer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPayne2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPollack1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPriest2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamachandran2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaven2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReimann2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichwineGorman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRinzler2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobey2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyan2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSaavedra2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchobert2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwarzbaum1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeastrom2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaw-Williams2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShay1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherlock2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherlock2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSilliman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiskel2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnowden2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStack1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephens1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewart2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTarly2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThapa2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Calgary_Herald,_June1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times,_June1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times,_May1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTravisLobley2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTruitt2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTyler2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVariety,_August1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVariety,_May1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVilmur2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVlessing2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinstein1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeintraub2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWenz2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitbrook2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkins2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinn1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWittmer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoods1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYglesias2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZaleski2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 22,\n [\"'s\"] = 5,\n [\"AFI film\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Academy Award Best Visual Effects\"] = 1,\n [\"AllMovie title\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bots\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Box Office Mojo\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Metacritic\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Rotten Tomatoes\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite The Numbers\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 205,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 15,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Empire Strikes Back, The\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 20,\n [\"Efn-lr\"] = 7,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Film date\"] = 1,\n [\"Format price\"] = 2,\n [\"George Lucas\"] = 1,\n [\"Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation 1981–2002\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 2,\n [\"Inflation/year\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox film\"] = 1,\n [\"Irvin Kershner\"] = 1,\n [\"Lawrence Kasdan\"] = 1,\n [\"Lucasfilm\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 3,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 63,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist-lr\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 10,\n [\"Official website\"] = 2,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"RT data\"] = 5,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rotten Tomatoes prose\"] = 1,\n [\"Rotten tomatoes\"] = 1,\n [\"Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film 1972–1990\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 6,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 274,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 7,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 1,\n [\"Star Wars\"] = 1,\n [\"Star Wars Trilogy\"] = 1,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"TCMDb title\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 2,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use list-defined references\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Yearly highest-grossing US films\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","500","19.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","460","18.1"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","180","7.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","6.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","140","5.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","100","3.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","80","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","2.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","60","2.4"],["[others]","720","28.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-svl76","timestamp":"20241123193946","ttl":3600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"The Empire Strikes Back","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Empire_Strikes_Back","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q181795","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q181795","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-05-28T19:59:26Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T14:29:32Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/3\/3f\/The_Empire_Strikes_Back_%281980_film%29.jpg","headline":"1980 American epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner"}</script> </body> </html>