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<html> <head><title>Laser Physics Career</title> <meta name="keywords" content="lasers,tunable,dye,physics,oscillators,resonators, books,optics,dirac,interference,dispersion,dispersive,diffraction,prisms,tunable lasers, dye lasers, multiple-prism,beam-expanders,gratings,quantum electronics,linewidth,solid-state, interferometry,interferometers,imaging, duarte, macquarie, australian, institute, optical society of america, research on optics, laser optics, laser physics, research optics, research lasers, interferometric"> </head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="experiment-7.css"></link> <body link = "#ff9933" vlink = "#ff9933" background = ""> <center> <a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/Interferometric Optics 44.jpg"></a> </table></center> <h2>F. J. Duarte</h2></center> <img src = "http://www.fjduarte.com/FJ DUARTE-LASERS 2016.jpg" align = right border = 0> <BODY LINK="#000066" VLINK="009999" ALINK="#000066"> <h3>Published Research</h3> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com/FJ Duarte's firsts.htm">Original research</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/bookcitations.htm">Book citations</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/tunablelasersbooks.htm">Books on tunable lasers and quantum optics</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/opticsviadiracnotation.htm">Dirac optics: from quantum to classical optics</a>. <li><a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com/interferometricimagingpublications.htm">Extremely expanded laser beam illumination (up to 3000:1) for microscopy and nanoscopy</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/multiple-prismtheory.htm">Generalized multiple-prism grating dispersion theory</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/generalizedrefraction.htm">Generalized refraction theory</a>. <li><a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com/interferometricimagingpublications.htm">Interferometric imaging</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/laserisotopeseparation.htm">Laser isotope separation</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/tunablelasersphysicsandarchitecture.htm">Narrow-linewidth dispersive tunable laser oscillators</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/nanoparticlelaser.htm">Organic gain media for tunable lasers</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/news.htm">Quantum optics news</a>. <li><a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com/quantumquotes.htm">Quantum quotes</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/recentpapers.htm">Recent publications</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/recenttalks.htm">Travels and lectures</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/opticspatents.htm">US Patents</a>. </ul> <h3>Current Research Interests</h3> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/fundamentalsofquantumentanglement.html">Fundamentals of quantum entanglement</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/ssdl.htm">Compact high-power single-longitudinal-mode tunable laser oscillators</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/opticsviadiracnotation.htm">Dirac's quantum notation in classical optics</a>. <li><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/laseroscillators.htm">Physics and architecture of multiple-prism grating tunable laser oscillators</a>. <li><a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com/diracoptics.htm">Quantum interferometric principles applied to imaging, microscopy, optical metrology, and free space communications</a>. <li><a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com/spacetospaceinterferometriccommunications.htm">Secure space-to-space interferometric communications using N-slit interferometers</a>. <li>Tunable lasers, dispersive, and interferometric physics applied to:<a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/tla.htm"> industrial measurements</a>, <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/2040-8986/12/1/015705?ejredirect=migration"> detection of clear air turbulence in aviation</a>, and <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/laserguidestar.htm">astronomical instrumentation</a>. </ul> <center> <a href="https://www.optica-opn.org/home/book_reviews/2023/1023/fundamentals_of_quantum_entanglement_second_editio/"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/OPN 5 2024.jpg"> <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-little-known-origin-story-behind-the-2022-nobel-prize-in-physics/"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/Sci Am 2023.jpg"></a> <a href="http://www.laserfocusworld.com/science-research/article/14286266/quantum-entanglement-free-of-paradoxes"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE LFW 2023-1.jpg"></a> <a href="http://www.laserfocusworld.com/articles/print/volume-51/issue-12/features/technology-review-top-20-technology-picks-for-2015-showcase-wide-scope-of-photonics-advances.html"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE LFW 2015-12.jpg"></a> <a href="http://www.laserfocusworld.com/articles/print/volume-51/issue-04/features/interferometry-quantum-entanglement-physics-secures-space-to-space-interferometric-communications.html"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE LFW 2015.jpg"></a> <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE OPN 2013.pdf"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE OPN 2013.jpg"> </center> <center> <a href="http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=46842"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE PS 2011.jpg"></a> <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8978/13/3/035710/meta"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE LFW 2011.jpg"></a> <a href="http://www.tunablelaseroptics.com"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE OPN 2005.jpg"></a> <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/F.J.DuarteOPN%282003%29.pdf"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE OPN 2003.jpg"></a> <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/F.J.DuarteOPN(2000).pdf"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE OPN 2000.jpg"></a> </center> <h3>Career Outline: from Gas Lasers to Quantum Entanglement</h3> F. J. Duarte is a laser physicist, quantum physicist, and inventor, with interests in experimental physics and related theory, who has made <a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com/FJ Duarte's firsts.htm">a number of original contributions</a> in the fields of tunable lasers and quantum optics. He introduced the generalized multiple-prism grating dispersion theory</a>, has made various unique innovations to the physics and architecture of tunable laser oscillators, discovered polymer-nanoparticle gain media, demonstrated quantum coherent emission from electrically-pumped organic semiconductors, has pioneered the use of Dirac's quantum notation in classical optics, and derived the probability amplitude for quantum entanglement from transparent quantum interferometric principles, &#224 la Dirac. The initial phase of his work, on N-slit quantum interferometry, led to the introduction of <a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com/interferometricimagingpublications.htm">extremely-expanded laser beam illumination (3000:1) for interferometric techniques in microscopy and nanoscopy</a> applied to industrial imaging measurements at the Eastman Kodak Company (1987). Duarte studied at the <a href="http://www.opticsjournal.com/schoolofmathematicsandphysics.htm">School of Mathematics and Physics</a> of Macquarie University where he was a student of the quantum physicist <a href="http://www.opticsjournal.com/ward.htm">J. C. Ward (co-author of the probability amplitude for quantum entanglement and creator of the Ward Identities for quantum electrodynamics) </a>. He also studied semiconductor physics under <a href="http://www.opticsjournal.com/reaitchison.htm">R. E. Aitchison</a>. At Macquarie he was the first to graduate with First Class Honours in Physics (1978). His honours thesis was entitled Excitation Processes in Continuous Wave Rare Gas-Metal Halide Vapour Lasers. Within three years he completed his doctoral research in physics, under the guidance of <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/japiper.htm">J. A. Piper</a>, on optically-pumped molecular lasers. In 1981 he became a Commonwealth Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of New South Wales where he built high-resolution UV tunable lasers for IR-UV double-resonance spectroscopy. His career history includes appointments with Macquarie University, The University of New South Wales, The University of Alabama, State University of New York, the Photographic Research Laboratories, the Imaging Research Laboratories (both at the Eastman Kodak Company), the US Army Missile Command, the US Army Space and Missile Defense Command (leading tunable laser research projects), and The University of Alabama in Huntsville. He has also held honorary appointments at Macquarie University and The University of New Mexico. During the 1987-1992 period he was chairman of the <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/laserproceedings.htm">Lasers series of conferences</a> that focused on SDI research. At <a href="http://www.osa.org">Optica</a>, Duarte has served in various capacities and on the editorial boards of Applied Optics, Optics & Photonics News, and Optics Letters. In 2006 he founded <a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com">Interferometric Optics</a>; a nimble research company focusing on quantum interference, quantum entanglement, and tunable lasers. <h4>Works</h4> The generalized multiple-prism dispersion theory is applicable to the design of narrow-linewidth tunable laser oscillators as well as to the design of <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/prismpulsecompression.htm">prismatic pulse compressors</a> for ultrashort-pulse high-peak-power lasers. His contributions to tunable laser oscillators include the design and construction of original narrow-linewidth multiple-prism grating (MPG) configurations, initially developed for copper-laser pumped dye lasers, which have also been applied to high-power lasers using gaseous and solid-state gain media. His <a href=" http://www.tunablelasers.com/ssdl.htm"> MPG solid-state laser oscillators</a> were the first to yield tunable high-peak-power, diffraction-limited, single-longitudinal-mode emission, with a Gaussian temporal profile, at the limit allowed by Heisenberg抯 uncertainty principle. Duarte's work on <a href="https://aip.org/science-news/nobel/physics2018/articles/member-societies" >multiple-prism dispersion theory is listed as relevant to the 2018 Nobel Prize on laser pulse compression, by the American Institute of Physics</a>. <a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com/FJ Duarte appl refs.htm">Duarte's contributions have found applications in atomic physics, astronomy, chemistry, coherence, cytology, electrophoresis, femtosecond laser microscopy, geodesics, geophysics, gravitational lensing, heat transfer, imaging, laser isotope separation, laser medicine, laser pulse compression, laser spectroscopy, mathematical transforms, microfluidics, nanobiophotonics, nanoengineering, nanophotonics, nanotechnology, nonlinear optics, optofluidics, organic semiconductor lasers, phase imaging, polarization rotation, quantitative psychology, quantum aerospace technologies, quantum computing, quantum electrodynamics, quantum entanglement, quantum fluctuations, quantum philosophy, space exploration, and tunable diode laser design</a>. Since 2012 he has published several works on the <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/foundationsofquantumentanglement.htm">foundations of quantum entanglement</a> including a transparent derivation of the probability amplitude for quantum entanglement from quantum interferometric principles. Interest on his quantum entanglement research has transcended physics into the <a href="https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/43513/chapter-abstract/364217377?redirectFrom=fulltext">philosophical and historical realms </a>. His work on <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-little-known-origin-story-behind-the-2022-nobel-prize-in-physics/">the fundamentals of quantum entanglement is mentioned as pertinent to the original physics that led to the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics</a>. <center> <a href="http://www.laserfocusworld.com/articles/print/volume-51/issue-04/features/interferometry-quantum-entanglement-physics-secures-space-to-space-interferometric-communications.html"><img src = "http://www.interferometricoptics.com/FJ DUARTE LFW December 2015.jpg"></a> <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/2040-8986/12/1/015705?ejredirect=migration"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE-LASERS PEO.jpg"></a> </center>` Duarte is the author of numerous archival scientific publications including 21 books published by editorials like Academic, CRC Press, Elsevier, Institute of Physics (UK), SPIE, and Springer. In 2017 he was appointed Editor of the book series <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/bookListInfo/series-in-coherent-sources-and-applications">Coherent Sources, Quantum Fundamentals, and Applications</a> for the Institute of Physics Publishing (UK). His latest books are: <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/quantumopticsforengineers.htm">Quantum Optics for Engineers: Quantum Entanglement (2nd Edition, 2024)</a>, <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/organiclasersandorganicphotonics.htm">Organic Lasers and Organic Photonics</a> (2nd Edition, 2024), <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/FQE.htm">Fundamentals of Quantum Entanglement (2nd Edition, 2022)</a>, <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/QEEA.htm">Quantum Entanglement Engineering and Applications (2021)</a>, <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/tla.htm">Tunable Laser Applications (3rd Edition, 2016), and <a href="http://www.tunablelaseroptics.com">Tunable Laser Optics (2nd Edition, 2015)</a>. Duarte was elected Fellow of the Australian Institute of Physics, in 1987, and <a href="https://www.optica.org/History/Biographies/bios/francisco_j_duarte">Fellow of the Optical Society of America</a>, in 1993. At <a href="https://www.optica.org/history/biographies/bios/perley-g--nutting/">Eastman Kodak</a> he was recognized with several patent awards, by the Photographic Research Laboratories, and an Eastman Kodak Imaging Patent Award, for his laser optics and imaging inventions. In addition, he has received the Paul F. Forman Engineering Excellence Award, for the invention of the N-slit laser interferometer and its applications to imaging, from the Optical Society of America; and the David Richardson Medal... 'for seminal contributions to the physics and technology of multiple-prism arrays for narrow-linewidth tunable laser oscillators and laser pulse compression'... from the Optical Society (now Optica). <center> <a href = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/quantumopticsforengineers.htm"><img src = "http://www.fjduarte.com/F J Duarte QOE.jpg"></a> <a href="http://www.tunablelaseroptics.com"><img src = "http://www.fjduarte.com/FJ DUARTE TLO 2015.png"></a> <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/tla.htm"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE-LASERS TLA3rd.png"></a> <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/QEEA.htm"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ Duarte QEEA Cover-1.jpg"></a> <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/FQE.htm"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ Duarte FQE 2nd Edn 2022(b).jpg"></a> <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/organiclasersandorganicphotonics.htm"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ Duarte OLOP 2 2024.jpg"></a> <a href = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/quantumopticsforengineers.htm"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ Duarte QOE QE 2024.jpg"></a></center> <center> <a href="https://www.osa.org/en-us/history/biographies/francisco_j_duarte/">Bio at Optica</a>; <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6275-4674">Bio at ORCID</a>; <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/tunablelasersbooks.htm">Books on Quantum Optics</</a>; <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/bookcitations.htm">Book Citations</a>; <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/citations.htm">Citations</a>; <a href="http://www.opticsjournal.com/OpticsJournal.htm">Editorials and Essays</a>; <a href="http://www.fjduarte.com/photongraphs.htm">Photongraphs&#169</a>; <a href="https://www.amazon.com/F.-J.-Duarte/e/B001HPD2O8">At Amazon</a>; <a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=rp33R1wAAAAJ">At Google Scholar</a>; <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/bookListInfo/series-in-coherent-sources-and-applications">At Institute of Physics (IOP)</a>; <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930035030/http://www.patentgenius.com/inventedby/DuarteFranciscoJRochesterNY.html">At Patent Genius</a>; <a href="https://www.routledge.com/authors/i470-f-j-duarte">At Routledge</a>; <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/1322047713">At WorldCat</a>; <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/Opticsjournal">At Youtube</a> </center> <center><a href="https://www.osa.org/en-us/history/biographies/francisco_j_duarte/"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ Duarte 7GO 2009.jpg"></a></center> <center><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/laseropticsbiographies.htm">Laser and Physics Biographies</a> <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/tunablelaserlinks.htm">Tunable Laser Links</a> <a href="mailto:opticsjournal@gmail.com">e-mail</a></center> <center><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/laserphysicist.htm"><img src = "http://www.fjduarte.com/FJ DUARTE Laser Physicist 1.jpg"></a></a></center> <center><object width="400" height="200"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/gLYgRQx3-uc&hl=en&fs=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/gLYgRQx3-uc&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="400" height="200"></embed></object></center> <center><a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com/tunablelasersbooks.htm"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/tunablelasersCD-9.jpg" ></a></center> <center> <a href="http://www.opticsjournal.com"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/oj2.jpg" ></a> <a href="http://www.tunablelasers.com"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/tll.jpg" ></a> <a href="http://www.interferometricoptics.com"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/lasers33.jpg"></a></center> <center><a href="http://www.fjduarte.com"><img src = "http://www.tunablelasers.com/FJ DUARTE-LASERS (1987).jpg"></center> <center>Note: some papers and book promotions appear under Frank J. Duarte. <center>First published on the 30th of September, 1997. Updated on the 13th of October, 2024.