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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سوليفيناسين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوليفيناسين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solifenacin" title="Solifenacin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Solifenacin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Σολιφενασίνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σολιφενασίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solifenacina" title="Solifenacina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Solifenacina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سولیفناسین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سولیفناسین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solif%C3%A9nacine" title="Solifénacine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Solifénacine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solifenasin" title="Solifenasin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Solifenasin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solifenacina" title="Solifenacina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Solifenacina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szolifenacin" title="Szolifenacin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szolifenacin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solifenacine" title="Solifenacine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Solifenacine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3" title="ソリフェナシン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ソリフェナシン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="ସଲିଫେନାସିନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସଲିଫେନାସିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Солифенацин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солифенацин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solifenacin" title="Solifenacin – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Solifenacin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solifenacin" title="Solifenacin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Solifenacin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Соліфенацин – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Соліфенацин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solifenacin" title="Solifenacin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Solifenacin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q59575279#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pharmaceutical compound</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1269284339">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .dark_mode_safe img{background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Solifenacin">Solifenacin</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size dark_mode_safe" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Solifenacin_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Solifenacin_structure.svg/250px-Solifenacin_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Solifenacin_structure.svg/330px-Solifenacin_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Solifenacin_structure.svg/500px-Solifenacin_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vesicare, Vesicare LS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">YM905</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/solifenacin-succinate.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a605019.html">a605019</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr></small> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Solifenacin">Solifenacin</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy<br />category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> B3</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">By mouth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_G04" title="ATC code G04">G04BD08</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=G04BD08">WHO</a></span>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">POM</a> (Prescription only)</li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pharmacokinetics" title="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetic</a> data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">90%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" title="Plasma protein binding">Protein binding</a></th><td class="infobox-data">98%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolism</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CYP3A4" title="CYP3A4">CYP3A4</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">Metabolites</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glucuronide" title="Glucuronide">Glucuronide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amine_oxide" title="Amine oxide"><i>N</i>-oxide</a>, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">Elimination <span class="nowrap">half-life</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">45 to 68 hours</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">Excretion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">Kidney</a> (69.2%) and fecal (22.5%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">(3<i>R</i>)-1-Azabicyclo[2 2 2]oct-3-yl (1<i>S</i>)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1<i>H</i>)-carboxylate</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=242478-37-1">242478-37-1</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/154059">154059</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Pharmacology" title="Guide to Pharmacology">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=7483">7483</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01591">DB01591</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.135771.html">135771</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/A8910SQJ1U">A8910SQJ1U</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/DG00481">DG00481</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1734">ChEMBL1734</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3048289">DTXSID3048289</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59575279#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>23</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>26</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>2</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002362473000000000♠"></span>362.473</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=C1CN2CCC1%5BC%40H%5D%28C2%29OC%28%3DO%29N3CCC4%3DCC%3DCC%3DC4%5BC%40%40H%5D3C5%3DCC%3DCC%3DC5">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">C1CN2CCC1[C@H](C2)OC(=O)N3CCC4=CC=CC=C4[C@@H]3C5=CC=CC=C5</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C23H26N2O2/c26-23(27-21-16-24-13-10-18(21)11-14-24)25-15-12-17-6-4-5-9-20(17)22(25)19-7-2-1-3-8-19/h1-9,18,21-22H,10-16H2/t21-,22-/m0/s1<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:FBOUYBDGKBSUES-VXKWHMMOSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">(what is this?)</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=461941706&page2=Solifenacin">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Solifenacin</b>, sold as the brand name <b>Vesicare</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others, is a medicine used to treat <a href="/wiki/Overactive_bladder" title="Overactive bladder">overactive bladder</a> and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO).<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may help with <a href="/wiki/Urinary_incontinence" title="Urinary incontinence">incontinence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urinary_frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary frequency">urinary frequency</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urinary_urgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary urgency">urinary urgency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BNF76_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNF76-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benefits appear similar to other medications in the class.<sup id="cite_ref-TI93_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TI93-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is taken by mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common side effects include dry mouth, constipation, and <a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection" title="Urinary tract infection">urinary tract infection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Severe side effects may include <a href="/wiki/Urinary_retention" title="Urinary retention">urinary retention</a>, <a href="/wiki/QT_prolongation" class="mw-redirect" title="QT prolongation">QT prolongation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">glaucoma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anaphylaxis" title="Anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BNF76_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNF76-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear if use is safe during <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is of the <a href="/wiki/Antimuscarinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimuscarinic">antimuscarinic</a> class and works by decreasing <a href="/wiki/Bladder" title="Bladder">bladder</a> contractions.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Solifenacin was approved for medical use in the United States in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDA_approval_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_approval-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, it was the 210th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>million prescriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-Top_300_of_2022_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Top_300_of_2022-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_use">Medical use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is used to treat <a href="/wiki/Overactive_bladder" title="Overactive bladder">overactive bladder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may help with <a href="/wiki/Urinary_incontinence" title="Urinary incontinence">incontinence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urinary_frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary frequency">urinary frequency</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urinary_urgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary urgency">urinary urgency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BNF76_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNF76-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Benefits appear similar to other antimuscarinics such as <a href="/wiki/Oxybutynin" title="Oxybutynin">oxybutynin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolterodine" title="Tolterodine">tolterodine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Darifenacin" title="Darifenacin">darifenacin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TI93_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TI93-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is also used to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), a form of bladder dysfunction related to neurological impairment, in children ages two years and older.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NDO is a dysfunction of the bladder that results from disease or injury in the nervous system.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NDO may be related to congenital conditions (often-inherited conditions beginning at or before birth), such as spina bifida (myelomeningocele), or other conditions such as spinal cord injury.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With NDO, there is overactivity of the bladder wall muscle, which normally relaxes to allow storage of urine.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bladder wall muscle overactivity results in sporadic bladder muscle contraction, which increases pressure in the bladder and decreases the volume of urine the bladder can hold.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If NDO is not treated, increased pressure in the bladder can put the upper urinary tract at risk of harm, including possible permanent damage to the kidneys.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, spontaneous bladder muscle contractions can lead to unexpected and frequent leakage of urine with symptoms of urinary urgency (immediate urge to urinate), frequency (urinating more often than normal) and incontinence (loss of bladder control).<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contraindications">Contraindications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contraindications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solifenacin is contraindicated for people with <a href="/wiki/Urinary_retention" title="Urinary retention">urinary retention</a>, gastric retention, uncontrolled or poorly controlled closed-angle <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">glaucoma</a>, severe liver disease (<a href="/wiki/Child-Pugh_score" class="mw-redirect" title="Child-Pugh score">Child-Pugh</a> class C),<sup id="cite_ref-Lexi-Comp_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lexi-Comp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Hemodialysis" title="Hemodialysis">hemodialysis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Austria-Codex_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austria-Codex-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Long_QT_syndrome" title="Long QT syndrome">Long QT syndrome</a> is not a contraindication although solifenacin, like <a href="/wiki/Tolterodine" title="Tolterodine">tolterodine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darifenacin" title="Darifenacin">darifenacin</a>, binds to <a href="/wiki/HERG" title="HERG">hERG</a> channels of the heart and may prolong the <a href="/wiki/QT_interval" title="QT interval">QT interval</a>. This mechanism appears to be seldom clinically relevant.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Solifenacin is not to be used in people with gastric retention (reduced emptying of the stomach), uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma (fluid buildup in the eye which raises eye pressure) or hypersensitivity (allergic reaction) to solifenacin or any of its components.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solifenacin is also not recommended for use in people with severe liver failure, clinically significant bladder outlet obstruction in the absence of clean intermittent catheterization, decreased gastrointestinal motility (slowed intestinal contractions), or at high risk of QT prolongation (an electrical disturbance where the heart muscle takes longer than normal to recharge between beats), including people with a known history of QT prolongation and people taking medications known to prolong the QT interval.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects">Side effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Side effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anticholinergic" title="Anticholinergic">Anticholinergic</a></div> <p>The most common <a href="/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction" title="Adverse drug reaction">side effects</a> of solifenacin are <a href="/wiki/Dry_mouth" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry mouth">dry mouth</a>, constipation and urinary tract infection.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As all anticholinergics, solifenacin may rarely cause <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">hyperthermia</a> due to decreased <a href="/wiki/Perspiration" title="Perspiration">perspiration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lexi-Comp_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lexi-Comp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Somnolence (sleepiness or drowsiness) has been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Severe allergic reactions, such as angioedema (swelling beneath the skin) and anaphylaxis, have been reported in people treated with solifenacin succinate and may be life-threatening.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solifenacin is metabolized in the liver by the <a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_P450_oxidase" class="mw-redirect" title="Cytochrome P450 oxidase">cytochrome P450</a> enzyme <a href="/wiki/CYP3A4" title="CYP3A4">CYP3A4</a>. When administered concomitantly with drugs that <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzyme inhibition">inhibit</a> CYP3A4, such as <a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">ketoconazole</a>, the metabolism of solifenacin is impaired, leading to an increase in its concentration in the body and a reduction in its excretion.<sup id="cite_ref-Lexi-Comp_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lexi-Comp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As stated above, solifenacin may also prolong the QT interval. Therefore, administering it concomitantly with drugs which also have this effect, such as <a href="/wiki/Moxifloxacin" title="Moxifloxacin">moxifloxacin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pimozide" title="Pimozide">pimozide</a>, can theoretically increase the risk of <a href="/wiki/Heart_arrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart arrhythmia">arrhythmia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pharmacology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solifenacin is a <a href="/wiki/Competitive_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive antagonist">competitive</a> <a href="/wiki/Cholinergic_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholinergic receptor">cholinergic receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_antagonist" title="Receptor antagonist">antagonist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Binding_selectivity" title="Binding selectivity">selective</a> for the <a href="/wiki/M3_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 receptor">M<sub>3</sub> receptor</a> subtype. However, it is said to also act as an antagonist of the other four <a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor">muscarinic acetylcholine receptors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LavradorCabralVeríssimo2023_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LavradorCabralVeríssimo2023-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The binding of <a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">acetylcholine</a> to these receptors, particularly M<sub>3</sub>, plays a critical role in the contraction of <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">smooth muscle</a>. By preventing the binding of acetylcholine to these receptors, solifenacin reduces smooth muscle <a href="/wiki/Muscle_tone" title="Muscle tone">tone</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">bladder</a>, allowing the bladder to retain larger volumes of urine and reducing the number of micturition, urgency and incontinence episodes. Because of a long elimination half life, a once-a-day dose can offer 24-hour control of the urinary bladder smooth muscle tone.<sup id="cite_ref-Austria-Codex_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austria-Codex-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pharmacokinetics">Pharmacokinetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pharmacokinetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peak plasma concentrations are reached three to eight hours after absorption from the gut. In the bloodstream, 98% of the substance are bound to <a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein" title="Plasma protein">plasma proteins</a>, mainly acidic ones. Metabolism is mediated by the liver enzyme CYP3A4 and possibly others. There is one known <a href="/wiki/Active_metabolite" title="Active metabolite">active metabolite</a>, 4<i>R</i>-hydroxysolifenacin, and three inactive ones, the <i>N</i>-<a href="/wiki/Glucuronide" title="Glucuronide">glucuronide</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Amine_oxide" title="Amine oxide"><i>N</i>-oxide</a> and the 4<i>R</i>-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-oxide. The <a href="/wiki/Elimination_half-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Elimination half-life">elimination half-life</a> is 45 to 68 hours. 69% of the substance, both in its original form and as metabolites, are excreted <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">renally</a> and 23% via the feces.<sup id="cite_ref-Austria-Codex_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austria-Codex-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atropine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Atropine.svg/250px-Atropine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Atropine.svg/330px-Atropine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Atropine.svg/500px-Atropine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a> for comparison</figcaption></figure> <p>Like other anticholinergics, solifenacin is an <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">ester</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Carboxylic_acid" title="Carboxylic acid">carboxylic acid</a> containing (at least) an <a href="/wiki/Aromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromatic">aromatic</a> ring with an alcohol containing a nitrogen atom. While in the prototype anticholinergic <a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">atropine</a> the bicyclic ring is <a href="/wiki/Tropane" title="Tropane">tropane</a>, solifenacin replaces it with <a href="/wiki/Quinuclidine" title="Quinuclidine">quinuclidine</a>. </p><p>The free base is a yellow oil, while the salt solifenacin <a href="/wiki/Succinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Succinate">succinate</a> forms yellowish crystals.<sup id="cite_ref-MerckIndex_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MerckIndex-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The compound was studied using animal models by the <a href="/wiki/Yamanouchi_Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical">Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical</a> Co., Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan. It was known as YM905 when under study in the early 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Solifenacin was approved for medical used in the United States in 2004 with an indication to treat overactive bladder in adults 18 years and older.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FDA_approval_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_approval-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2020, solifenacin was approved for medical use in the United States with an indication to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), a form of bladder dysfunction related to neurological impairment, in children ages two years and older.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The efficacy of solifenacin to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) was established in two clinical trials with a total of 95 pediatric NDO participants, ages two to 17 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The studies were designed to measure (as a primary efficacy endpoint) the maximum amount of urine the bladder could hold after 24 weeks of treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first study, 17 participants ages two to less than five years old were able to hold an average of 39 mL more urine than when the study began.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second study, 49 participants ages five to 17 years were able to hold an average of 57 mL more urine than when the study began.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reductions in spontaneous bladder contractions, bladder pressure and number of incontinence episodes were also observed in both studies.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The approval of Vesicare LS was granted to Astellas Pharma US, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_nonproprietary_name" title="International nonproprietary name">international nonproprietary name</a> (INN) is solifenacin.<sup id="cite_ref-INN_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INN-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is manufactured and marketed by <a href="/wiki/Astellas" class="mw-redirect" title="Astellas">Astellas</a>, <a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline" class="mw-redirect" title="GlaxoSmithKline">GlaxoSmithKline</a><sup id="cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHFS2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Teva_Pharmaceutical_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Teva Pharmaceutical Industries">Teva Pharmaceutical Industries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cost">Cost</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cost"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2006 <a href="/wiki/Cost-effectiveness" class="mw-redirect" title="Cost-effectiveness">cost-effectiveness</a> study found that 5 mg solifenacin had the lowest cost and highest effectiveness among <a href="/wiki/Anticholinergic" title="Anticholinergic">anticholinergic</a> drugs used to treat <a href="/wiki/Overactive_bladder" title="Overactive bladder">overactive bladder</a> in the United States, with an average medical cost per successfully treated patient of $6863 per year.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2019, with the introduction of generics, the retail cost of a month's supply was down to $20 in the US. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The name comes from Latin <i>vesica</i> meaning bladder; and care. Thus literally a drug which "takes care of the bladder"</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solifenacin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AHFS2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHFS2019_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/solifenacin-succinate.html">"Solifenacin Succinate Monograph for Professionals"</a>. <i>Drugs.com</i>. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Solifenacin+Succinate+Monograph+for+Professionals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fmonograph%2Fsolifenacin-succinate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolifenacin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDA_PR-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_PR_3-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-form-bladder-dysfunction-pediatric-patients-young-2-years-age">"FDA Approves First Treatment for a Form of Bladder Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients as Young as 2 Years of Age"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</i> (Press release). 26 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FDA+Approves+First+Treatment+for+a+Form+of+Bladder+Dysfunction+in+Pediatric+Patients+as+Young+as+2+Years+of+Age&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fnews-events%2Fpress-announcements%2Ffda-approves-first-treatment-form-bladder-dysfunction-pediatric-patients-young-2-years-age&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolifenacin" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BNF76-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BNF76_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BNF76_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BNF76_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>British national formulary : BNF 76</i> (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 761. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857113382" title="Special:BookSources/9780857113382"><bdi>9780857113382</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+national+formulary+%3A+BNF+76&rft.pages=761&rft.edition=76&rft.pub=Pharmaceutical+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780857113382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolifenacin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TI93-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TI93_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TI93_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ti.ubc.ca/2015/04/22/are-claims-for-newer-drugs-for-overactive-bladder-warranted/">"[93] Are claims for newer drugs for overactive bladder warranted?"</a>. <i>Therapeutics Initiative</i>. 22 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Therapeutics+Initiative&rft.atitle=%5B93%5D+Are+claims+for+newer+drugs+for+overactive+bladder+warranted%3F&rft.date=2015-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ti.ubc.ca%2F2015%2F04%2F22%2Fare-claims-for-newer-drugs-for-overactive-bladder-warranted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolifenacin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDA_approval-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_approval_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FDA_approval_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2004/21-518_VesiCare.cfm">"Drug Approval Package: VesiCare (Solifenacin Succinate) NDA #021518"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Urologicals,_including_antispasmodics" title="Template:Urologicals, including antispasmodics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Urologicals,_including_antispasmodics" title="Template talk:Urologicals, including antispasmodics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Urologicals,_including_antispasmodics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Urologicals, including antispasmodics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urologicals,_including_antispasmodics_(G04B)213" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urologicals</a>, including antispasmodics (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_G04#G04B" title="ATC code G04">G04B</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acidifier" title="Acidifier">Acidifiers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_chloride" title="Ammonium chloride">Ammonium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_chloride" title="Calcium chloride">Calcium chloride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urinary_system" title="Urinary system">Urinary</a> <a href="/wiki/Antispasmodic" title="Antispasmodic">antispasmodics</a><br />(primarily <a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist" title="Muscarinic antagonist">antimuscarinics</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darifenacin" title="Darifenacin">Darifenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desfesoterodine" title="Desfesoterodine">Desfesoterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emepronium_bromide" title="Emepronium bromide">Emepronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fesoterodine" title="Fesoterodine">Fesoterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavoxate" title="Flavoxate">Flavoxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidafenacin" title="Imidafenacin">Imidafenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meladrazine" title="Meladrazine">Meladrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabegron" title="Mirabegron">Mirabegron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxybutynin" title="Oxybutynin">Oxybutynin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiverine" title="Propiverine">Propiverine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solifenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terodiline" title="Terodiline">Terodiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolterodine" title="Tolterodine">Tolterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trospium_chloride" title="Trospium chloride">Trospium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibegron" title="Vibegron">Vibegron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other urologicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">Urea</a> analogues:</i> <a href="/wiki/Acetohydroxamic_acid" title="Acetohydroxamic acid">Acetohydroxamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylhydroxamic_acid" title="Salicylhydroxamic acid">Salicylhydroxamic acid</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Other:</i> <a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">Collagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapoxetine" title="Dapoxetine">Dapoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfoxide" title="Dimethyl sulfoxide">Dimethyl sulfoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_hydroxide" title="Magnesium hydroxide">Magnesium hydroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentosan_polysulfate" title="Pentosan polysulfate">Pentosan polysulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenazopyridine" title="Phenazopyridine">Phenazopyridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenyl_salicylate" title="Phenyl salicylate">Phenyl salicylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succinimide" title="Succinimide">Succinimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiopronin" title="Tiopronin">Tiopronin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators859" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators859" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor">Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors"><abbr title="Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors">mAChRs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_agonist" title="Muscarinic agonist">Agonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/77-LH-28-1" title="77-LH-28-1">77-LH-28-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AC-42" title="AC-42">AC-42</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AC-260,584&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AC-260,584 (page does not exist)">AC-260,584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceclidine" title="Aceclidine">Aceclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">Acetylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AF30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AF30 (page does not exist)">AF30</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AF150(S)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AF150(S) (page does not exist)">AF150(S)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AF267B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AF267B (page does not exist)">AF267B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvameline" title="Alvameline">Alvameline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AQRA-741&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AQRA-741 (page does not exist)">AQRA-741</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecoline" title="Arecoline">Arecoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethanechol" title="Bethanechol">Bethanechol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyrylcholine" title="Butyrylcholine">Butyrylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbachol" title="Carbachol">Carbachol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CDD-0034&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDD-0034 (page does not exist)">CDD-0034</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CDD-0078&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDD-0078 (page does not exist)">CDD-0078</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CDD-0097&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDD-0097 (page does not exist)">CDD-0097</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CDD-0098&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDD-0098 (page does not exist)">CDD-0098</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CDD-0102&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDD-0102 (page does not exist)">CDD-0102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cevimeline" title="Cevimeline">Cevimeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cis-Dioxolane" class="mw-redirect" title="Cis-Dioxolane">cis-Dioxolane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylclozapine" title="Desmethylclozapine">Desmethylclozapine (norclozapine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethoxysebacylcholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethoxysebacylcholine (page does not exist)">Ethoxysebacylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itameline" title="Itameline">Itameline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-593,039&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-593,039 (page does not exist)">LY-593,039</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-689,660&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-689,660 (page does not exist)">L-689,660</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-2,033,298&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-2,033,298 (page does not exist)">LY-2,033,298</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=McNA343&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McNA343 (page does not exist)">McNA343</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methacholine" title="Methacholine">Methacholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milameline" title="Milameline">Milameline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscarine" title="Muscarine">Muscarine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGX-267&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGX-267 (page does not exist)">NGX-267</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocvimeline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocvimeline (page does not exist)">Ocvimeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxotremorine" title="Oxotremorine">Oxotremorine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PD-151,832&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PD-151,832 (page does not exist)">PD-151,832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilocarpine" title="Pilocarpine">Pilocarpine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS86 (page does not exist)">RS86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabcomeline" title="Sabcomeline">Sabcomeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SDZ_210-086&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SDZ 210-086 (page does not exist)">SDZ 210-086</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebacylcholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebacylcholine (page does not exist)">Sebacylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suberyldicholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suberyldicholine (page does not exist)">Suberyldicholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talsaclidine" title="Talsaclidine">Talsaclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazomeline" title="Tazomeline">Tazomeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiopilocarpine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiopilocarpine (page does not exist)">Thiopilocarpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaclidine" title="Vedaclidine">Vedaclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VU-0029767&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VU-0029767 (page does not exist)">VU-0029767</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VU-0090157&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VU-0090157 (page does not exist)">VU-0090157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VU-0152099" title="VU-0152099">VU-0152099</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VU-0152100" title="VU-0152100">VU-0152100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VU-0238429" title="VU-0238429">VU-0238429</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WAY-132,983&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WAY-132,983 (page does not exist)">WAY-132,983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanomeline" title="Xanomeline">Xanomeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YM-796&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YM-796 (page does not exist)">YM-796</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist" title="Muscarinic antagonist">Antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3-Quinuclidinyl_benzilate" title="3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate">3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-DAMP" title="4-DAMP">4-DAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aclidinium_bromide" title="Aclidinium bromide">Aclidinium bromide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aclidinium_bromide/formoterol" title="Aclidinium bromide/formoterol">+formoterol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abediterol" title="Abediterol">Abediterol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AF-DX_250&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AF-DX 250 (page does not exist)">AF-DX 250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFDX-384" title="AFDX-384">AF-DX 384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambutonium_bromide" title="Ambutonium bromide">Ambutonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisodamine" title="Anisodamine">Anisodamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisodine" title="Anisodine">Anisodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-generation_antihistamine" class="mw-redirect" title="First-generation antihistamine">Antihistamines (first-generation)</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Brompheniramine" title="Brompheniramine">brompheniramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buclizine" title="Buclizine">buclizine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captodiame" title="Captodiame">captodiame</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorphenamine" title="Chlorphenamine">chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnarizine" title="Cinnarizine">cinnarizine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clemastine" title="Clemastine">clemastine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyproheptadine" title="Cyproheptadine">cyproheptadine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimenhydrinate" title="Dimenhydrinate">dimenhydrinate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimetindene" title="Dimetindene">dimetindene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">diphenhydramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doxylamine" title="Doxylamine">doxylamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meclizine" title="Meclizine">meclizine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mequitazine" title="Mequitazine">mequitazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perlapine" title="Perlapine">perlapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenindamine" title="Phenindamine">phenindamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pheniramine" title="Pheniramine">pheniramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenyltoloxamine" title="Phenyltoloxamine">phenyltoloxamine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Promethazine" title="Promethazine">promethazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propiomazine" title="Propiomazine">propiomazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triprolidine" title="Triprolidine">triprolidine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AQ-RA_741&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AQ-RA 741 (page does not exist)">AQ-RA 741</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropine_methonitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Atropine methonitrate">Atropine methonitrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atypical_antipsychotic" title="Atypical antipsychotic">Atypical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">clozapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluperlapine" title="Fluperlapine">fluperlapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olanzapine" title="Olanzapine">olanzapine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Olanzapine/fluoxetine" title="Olanzapine/fluoxetine">+fluoxetine</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rilapine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rilapine (page does not exist)">rilapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetiapine" title="Quetiapine">quetiapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenilapine" title="Tenilapine">tenilapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zotepine" title="Zotepine">zotepine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benactyzine" title="Benactyzine">Benactyzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzatropine" title="Benzatropine">Benzatropine (benztropine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzilone" title="Benzilone">Benzilone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzilylcholine_mustard" title="Benzilylcholine mustard">Benzilylcholine mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzydamine" title="Benzydamine">Benzydamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevonium" title="Bevonium">Bevonium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BIBN_99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BIBN 99 (page does not exist)">BIBN 99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biperiden" title="Biperiden">Biperiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornaprine" title="Bornaprine">Bornaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camylofin" title="Camylofin">Camylofin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAR-226,086" title="CAR-226,086">CAR-226,086</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAR-301,060" title="CAR-301,060">CAR-301,060</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAR-302,196" title="CAR-302,196">CAR-302,196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAR-302,282" title="CAR-302,282">CAR-302,282</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAR-302,368&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAR-302,368 (page does not exist)">CAR-302,368</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAR-302,537&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAR-302,537 (page does not exist)">CAR-302,537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAR-302,668" title="CAR-302,668">CAR-302,668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramiphen" title="Caramiphen">Caramiphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimetropium_bromide" title="Cimetropium bromide">Cimetropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clidinium_bromide" title="Clidinium bromide">Clidinium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloperastine" title="Cloperastine">Cloperastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS-27349" title="CS-27349">CS-27349</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclobenzaprine" title="Cyclobenzaprine">Cyclobenzaprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentolate" title="Cyclopentolate">Cyclopentolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darifenacin" title="Darifenacin">Darifenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DAU-5884&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DAU-5884 (page does not exist)">DAU-5884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desfesoterodine" title="Desfesoterodine">Desfesoterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexetimide" title="Dexetimide">Dexetimide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIBD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DIBD (page does not exist)">DIBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicycloverine" title="Dicycloverine">Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihexyverine" title="Dihexyverine">Dihexyverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difemerine" title="Difemerine">Difemerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphemanil_metilsulfate" title="Diphemanil metilsulfate">Diphemanil metilsulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditran" title="Ditran">Ditran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drofenine" title="Drofenine">Drofenine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3167" title="EA-3167">EA-3167</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3443" title="EA-3443">EA-3443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3580" title="EA-3580">EA-3580</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3834" title="EA-3834">EA-3834</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emepronium_bromide" title="Emepronium bromide">Emepronium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etanautine" title="Etanautine">Etanautine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etybenzatropine" title="Etybenzatropine">Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenpiverinium" title="Fenpiverinium">Fenpiverinium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fentonium_bromide" title="Fentonium bromide">Fentonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fesoterodine" title="Fesoterodine">Fesoterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavoxate" title="Flavoxate">Flavoxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Glycopyrronium bromide">Glycopyrronium bromide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium bromide">+beclometasone/formoterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indacaterol/glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide">+indacaterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neostigmine/glycopyrronium_bromide" title="Neostigmine/glycopyrronium bromide">+neostigmine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexahydrodifenidol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexahydrodifenidol (page does not exist)">Hexahydrodifenidol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexahydrosiladifenidol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexahydrosiladifenidol (page does not exist)">Hexahydrosiladifenidol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexbutinol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexbutinol (page does not exist)">Hexbutinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexocyclium" title="Hexocyclium">Hexocyclium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbacine" title="Himbacine">Himbacine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HL-031,120&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HL-031,120 (page does not exist)">HL-031,120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homatropine" title="Homatropine">Homatropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imidafenacin" title="Imidafenacin">Imidafenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide" title="Ipratropium bromide">Ipratropium bromide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide/salbutamol" title="Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol">+salbutamol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isopropamide" title="Isopropamide">Isopropamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J-104,129&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J-104,129 (page does not exist)">J-104,129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscyamine" title="Hyoscyamine">Hyoscyamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamba#Mamba_toxins" title="Mamba">Mamba toxin 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamba#Mamba_toxins" title="Mamba">Mamba toxin 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazaticol" title="Mazaticol">Mazaticol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebeverine" title="Mebeverine">Mebeverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meladrazine" title="Meladrazine">Meladrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepenzolate" title="Mepenzolate">Mepenzolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methantheline" title="Methantheline">Methantheline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoctramine" title="Methoctramine">Methoctramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylatropine" title="Methylatropine">Methylatropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylhomatropine" class="mw-redirect" title="Methylhomatropine">Methylhomatropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylscopolamine_bromide" title="Methylscopolamine bromide">Methylscopolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metixene" title="Metixene">Metixene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_toxin_7" title="Muscarinic toxin 7">Muscarinic toxin 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl_benzilate" title="N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate">N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methyl-3-piperidyl_benzilate" title="N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate">N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefopam" title="Nefopam">Nefopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octatropine_methylbromide" title="Octatropine methylbromide">Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphenadrine" title="Orphenadrine">Orphenadrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otenzepad" title="Otenzepad">Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otilonium_bromide" title="Otilonium bromide">Otilonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxapium_iodide" title="Oxapium iodide">Oxapium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxitropium_bromide" title="Oxitropium bromide">Oxitropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxybutynin" title="Oxybutynin">Oxybutynin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphencyclimine" title="Oxyphencyclimine">Oxyphencyclimine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphenonium_bromide" title="Oxyphenonium bromide">Oxyphenonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PBID&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PBID (page does not exist)">PBID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PD-102,807" title="PD-102,807">PD-102,807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PD-0298029" title="PD-0298029">PD-0298029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthienate" title="Penthienate">Penthienate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">Pethidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PFHHSiD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PFHHSiD (page does not exist)">pFHHSiD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenglutarimide" title="Phenglutarimide">Phenglutarimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenyltoloxamine" title="Phenyltoloxamine">Phenyltoloxamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipenzolate_bromide" title="Pipenzolate bromide">Pipenzolate bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperidolate" title="Piperidolate">Piperidolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirenzepine" title="Pirenzepine">Pirenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piroheptine" title="Piroheptine">Piroheptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizotifen" title="Pizotifen">Pizotifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poldine" title="Poldine">Poldine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridinol" title="Pridinol">Pridinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prifinium_bromide" title="Prifinium bromide">Prifinium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procyclidine" title="Procyclidine">Procyclidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profenamine" title="Profenamine">Profenamine (ethopropazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propantheline_bromide" title="Propantheline bromide">Propantheline bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propiverine" title="Propiverine">Propiverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinidine" title="Quinidine">Quinidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Quinuclidinyl_thiochromane-4-carboxylate" title="3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate">3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revefenacin" title="Revefenacin">Revefenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rociverine" title="Rociverine">Rociverine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RU-47,213&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RU-47,213 (page does not exist)">RU-47,213</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCH-57,790&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCH-57,790 (page does not exist)">SCH-57,790</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCH-72,788&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCH-72,788 (page does not exist)">SCH-72,788</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCH-217,443&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCH-217,443 (page does not exist)">SCH-217,443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyoscine">Scopolamine (hyoscine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscine_butylbromide" title="Hyoscine butylbromide">Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silahexacyclium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silahexacyclium (page does not exist)">Silahexacyclium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofpironium_bromide" title="Sofpironium bromide">Sofpironium bromide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solifenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors"><abbr title="Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors">SSRIs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors</span> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Femoxetine" title="Femoxetine">femoxetine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">paroxetine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telenzepine" title="Telenzepine">Telenzepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terodiline" title="Terodiline">Terodiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracyclic_antidepressant" title="Tetracyclic antidepressant">Tetracyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amoxapine" title="Amoxapine">amoxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maprotiline" title="Maprotiline">maprotiline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mianserin" title="Mianserin">mianserin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirtazapine" title="Mirtazapine">mirtazapine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemonium_iodide" title="Tiemonium iodide">Tiemonium iodide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timepidium_bromide" title="Timepidium bromide">Timepidium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiotropium_bromide" title="Tiotropium bromide">Tiotropium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiquizium_bromide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiquizium bromide (page does not exist)">Tiquizium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofenacin" title="Tofenacin">Tofenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolterodine" title="Tolterodine">Tolterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline" title="Amitriptyline">amitriptyline</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amitriptyline/perphenazine" title="Amitriptyline/perphenazine">+perphenazine</a>), <a href="/wiki/Amitriptylinoxide" title="Amitriptylinoxide">amitriptylinoxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butriptyline" title="Butriptyline">butriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cidoxepin" title="Cidoxepin">cidoxepin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clomipramine" title="Clomipramine">clomipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desipramine" title="Desipramine">desipramine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desmethyldesipramine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desmethyldesipramine (page does not exist)">desmethyldesipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dibenzepin" title="Dibenzepin">dibenzepin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dosulepin" title="Dosulepin">dosulepin (dothiepin)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doxepin" title="Doxepin">doxepin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lofepramine" title="Lofepramine">lofepramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitroxazepine" title="Nitroxazepine">nitroxazepine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northiaden" title="Northiaden">northiaden (desmethyldosulepin)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nortriptyline" title="Nortriptyline">nortriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protriptyline" title="Protriptyline">protriptyline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quinupramine" title="Quinupramine">quinupramine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trimipramine" title="Trimipramine">trimipramine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridihexethyl" title="Tridihexethyl">Tridihexethyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trihexyphenidyl" title="Trihexyphenidyl">Trihexyphenidyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimebutine" title="Trimebutine">Trimebutine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripitamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripitamine">Tripitamine (tripitramine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropacine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tropacine (page does not exist)">Tropacine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropatepine" title="Tropatepine">Tropatepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropicamide" title="Tropicamide">Tropicamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trospium_chloride" title="Trospium chloride">Trospium chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typical_antipsychotic" title="Typical antipsychotic">Typical antipsychotics</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">chlorpromazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chlorprothixene" title="Chlorprothixene">chlorprothixene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyamemazine" title="Cyamemazine">cyamemazine (cyamepromazine)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loxapine" title="Loxapine">loxapine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesoridazine" title="Mesoridazine">mesoridazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thioridazine" title="Thioridazine">thioridazine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeclidinium_bromide" title="Umeclidinium bromide">Umeclidinium bromide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Umeclidinium_bromide/vilanterol" title="Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol">+vilanterol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN-2299" title="WIN-2299">WIN-2299</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanomeline" title="Xanomeline">Xanomeline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zamifenacin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zamifenacin (page does not exist)">Zamifenacin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">Precursors</a><br /><small>(and <a href="/wiki/Prodrug" title="Prodrug">prodrugs</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetyl-coA" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetyl-coA">Acetyl-coA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adafenoxate" title="Adafenoxate">Adafenoxate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">Choline</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lecithin" title="Lecithin">lecithin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citicoline" title="Citicoline">Citicoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprodenate" title="Cyprodenate">Cyprodenate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylethanolamine" title="Dimethylethanolamine">Dimethylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycerophosphocholine" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycerophosphocholine">Glycerophosphocholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenoxate" title="Meclofenoxate">Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylcholine" title="Phosphatidylcholine">Phosphatidylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylethanolamine" title="Phosphatidylethanolamine">Phosphatidylethanolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorylcholine" title="Phosphorylcholine">Phosphorylcholine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirisudanol" title="Pirisudanol">Pirisudanol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators">Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Acetylcholine_metabolism_and_transport_modulators" title="Template:Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators">Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ion_channel_modulators357" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ion_channel_modulators" title="Template:Ion channel modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ion_channel_modulators" title="Template talk:Ion channel modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ion_channel_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ion channel modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ion_channel_modulators357" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Channel_modulator" title="Channel modulator">Ion channel modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel" title="Calcium channel">Calcium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="VDCCsTooltip_Voltage-dependent_calcium_channels424" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Voltage-dependent_calcium_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-dependent calcium channels"><abbr title="Voltage-dependent calcium channels">VDCCs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Voltage-dependent calcium channels</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker" title="Calcium channel blocker">Blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/L-type_calcium_channel" title="L-type calcium channel">L-type-selective</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Dihydropyridine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydropyridine">Dihydropyridines</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Amlodipine" title="Amlodipine">Amlodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranidipine" title="Aranidipine">Aranidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azelnidipine" title="Azelnidipine">Azelnidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnidipine" title="Barnidipine">Barnidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clevidipine" title="Clevidipine">Clevidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronidipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cronidipine (page does not exist)">Cronidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darodipine" title="Darodipine">Darodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexniguldipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dexniguldipine (page does not exist)">Dexniguldipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elgodipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elgodipine (page does not exist)">Elgodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elnadipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elnadipine (page does not exist)">Elnadipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felodipine" title="Felodipine">Felodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flordipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flordipine (page does not exist)">Flordipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Furnidipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Furnidipine (page does not exist)">Furnidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iganidipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iganidipine (page does not exist)">Iganidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isradipine" title="Isradipine">Isradipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacidipine" title="Lacidipine">Lacidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemildipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemildipine (page does not exist)">Lemildipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lercanidipine" title="Lercanidipine">Lercanidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levamlodipine" title="Levamlodipine">Levamlodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levniguldipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levniguldipine (page does not exist)">Levniguldipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manidipine" title="Manidipine">Manidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnidipine" title="Barnidipine">Mepirodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesudipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesudipine (page does not exist)">Mesudipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicardipine" title="Nicardipine">Nicardipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">Nifedipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niguldipine" title="Niguldipine">Niguldipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niludipine" title="Niludipine">Niludipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilvadipine" title="Nilvadipine">Nilvadipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimodipine" title="Nimodipine">Nimodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisoldipine" title="Nisoldipine">Nisoldipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrendipine" title="Nitrendipine">Nitrendipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olradipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olradipine (page does not exist)">Olradipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxodipine" title="Oxodipine">Oxodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palonidipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palonidipine (page does not exist)">Palonidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranidipine" title="Pranidipine">Pranidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riodipine" title="Riodipine">Ryodipine (riodipine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagandipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sagandipine (page does not exist)">Sagandipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sornidipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sornidipine (page does not exist)">Sornidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teludipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teludipine (page does not exist)">Teludipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiamdipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiamdipine (page does not exist)">Tiamdipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trombodipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trombodipine (page does not exist)">Trombodipine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatanidipine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vatanidipine (page does not exist)">Vatanidipine</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Diltiazem" title="Diltiazem">Diltiazem</a> derivatives:</i> <a href="/wiki/Clentiazem" title="Clentiazem">Clentiazem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diltiazem" title="Diltiazem">Diltiazem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iprotiazem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iprotiazem (page does not exist)">Iprotiazem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nictiazem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nictiazem (page does not exist)">Nictiazem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siratiazem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siratiazem (page does not exist)">Siratiazem</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Arylalkylamine" title="Arylalkylamine">Phenylalkylamines</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anipamil" title="Anipamil">Anipamil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dagapamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dagapamil (page does not exist)">Dagapamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devapamil" title="Devapamil">Devapamil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dexverapamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dexverapamil (page does not exist)">Dexverapamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emopamil" title="Emopamil">Emopamil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etripamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etripamil (page does not exist)">Etripamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falipamil" title="Falipamil">Falipamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallopamil" title="Gallopamil">Gallopamil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levemopamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levemopamil (page does not exist)">Levemopamil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nexopamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nexopamil (page does not exist)">Nexopamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norverapamil" title="Norverapamil">Norverapamil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronipamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronipamil (page does not exist)">Ronipamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiapamil" title="Tiapamil">Tiapamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verapamil" title="Verapamil">Verapamil</a>; <i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/AH-1058" title="AH-1058">AH-1058</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brinazarone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brinazarone (page does not exist)">Brinazarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budiodarone" title="Budiodarone">Budiodarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celivarone" title="Celivarone">Celivarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyproheptadine" title="Cyproheptadine">Cyproheptadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dronedarone" title="Dronedarone">Dronedarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantofarone" title="Fantofarone">Fantofarone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SR-33805&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SR-33805 (page does not exist)">SR-33805</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydropalmatine" title="Tetrahydropalmatine">Tetrahydropalmatine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/N-type_calcium_channel" title="N-type calcium channel">N-type-selective</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/%CE%A9-Conotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ω-Conotoxin">ω-Conotoxins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A9-Conotoxin_GVIA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ω-Conotoxin GVIA (page does not exist)">ω-Conotoxin GVIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroverine" title="Caroverine">Caroverine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huwentoxin_XVI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huwentoxin XVI (page does not exist)">Huwentoxin XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leconotide" title="Leconotide">Leconotide (ω-conotoxin CVID)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PD-173212&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PD-173212 (page does not exist)">PD-173212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralfinamide" title="Ralfinamide">Ralfinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safinamide" title="Safinamide">Safinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z160&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z160 (page does not exist)">Z160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziconotide" title="Ziconotide">Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIA)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/P-type_calcium_channel" title="P-type calcium channel">P-type-selective</a>:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A9-Agatoxin_IVA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ω-Agatoxin IVA (page does not exist)">ω-Agatoxin IVA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A9-Agatoxin_IVB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ω-Agatoxin IVB (page does not exist)">ω-Agatoxin IVB</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/R-type_calcium_channel" title="R-type calcium channel">R-type-selective</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/SNX-482" title="SNX-482">SNX-482</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/T-type_calcium_channel" title="T-type calcium channel">T-type-selective</a>:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABT-639&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ABT-639 (page does not exist)">ABT-639</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-218&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-218 (page does not exist)">ML-218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NNC_55-0396&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNC 55-0396 (page does not exist)">NNC 55-0396</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ProTx_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ProTx I (page does not exist)">ProTx I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z944&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z944 (page does not exist)">Z944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonisamide" title="Zonisamide">Zonisamide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Non-selective:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A9-Agatoxin_TK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ω-Agatoxin TK (page does not exist)">ω-Agatoxin TK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%A9-Conotoxin_MVIIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ω-Conotoxin MVIIC (page does not exist)">ω-Conotoxin MVIIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benidipine" title="Benidipine">Benidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bepridil" title="Bepridil">Bepridil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilnidipine" title="Cilnidipine">Cilnidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnarizine" title="Cinnarizine">Cinnarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dotarizine" title="Dotarizine">Dotarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efonidipine" title="Efonidipine">Efonidipine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flunarizine" title="Flunarizine">Flunarizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamotrigine" title="Lamotrigine">Lamotrigine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levetiracetam" title="Levetiracetam">Levetiracetam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomerizine" title="Lomerizine">Lomerizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide">Loperamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mibefradil" title="Mibefradil">Mibefradil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NP078585&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NP078585 (page does not exist)">NP078585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TROX-1" title="TROX-1">TROX-1</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Voltage-dependent_calcium_channel#α2δ_Subunit" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-dependent calcium channel">α<sub>2</sub>δ subunit</a>-selective (<a href="/wiki/Gabapentinoid" title="Gabapentinoid">gabapentinoids</a>):</b> <a href="/wiki/4-Methylpregabalin" title="4-Methylpregabalin">4-Methylpregabalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbaclofen" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbaclofen">Arbaclofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbaclofen_placarbil" title="Arbaclofen placarbil">Arbaclofen placarbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atagabalin" title="Atagabalin">Atagabalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baclofen" title="Baclofen">Baclofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentin" title="Gabapentin">Gabapentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabapentin_enacarbil" title="Gabapentin enacarbil">Gabapentin enacarbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagabalin" title="Imagabalin">Imagabalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirogabalin" title="Mirogabalin">Mirogabalin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PD-200,347&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PD-200,347 (page does not exist)">PD-200,347</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PD-217,014" title="PD-217,014">PD-217,014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PD-299,685&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PD-299,685 (page does not exist)">PD-299,685</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenibut" title="Phenibut">Phenibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregabalin" title="Pregabalin">Pregabalin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Others/unsorted:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bencyclane" title="Bencyclane">Bencyclane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbamine" title="Berbamine">Berbamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevantolol" title="Bevantolol">Bevantolol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadine" title="Canadine">Canadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboxyamidotriazole" title="Carboxyamidotriazole">Carboxyamidotriazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycleanine" title="Cycleanine">Cycleanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauricine" title="Dauricine">Dauricine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimeditiapramine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimeditiapramine">Dimeditiapramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diproteverine" title="Diproteverine">Diproteverine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enpiperate" title="Enpiperate">Enpiperate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eperisone" title="Eperisone">Eperisone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elpetrigine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elpetrigine (page does not exist)">Elpetrigine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethadione" title="Ethadione">Ethadione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Ethanol (alcohol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethosuximide" title="Ethosuximide">Ethosuximide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasudil" title="Fasudil">Fasudil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fendiline" title="Fendiline">Fendiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fostedil" title="Fostedil">Fostedil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imepitoin" title="Imepitoin">Imepitoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JTV-519" title="JTV-519">JTV-519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidoflazine" title="Lidoflazine">Lidoflazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoalide" title="Manoalide">Manoalide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesuximide" title="Mesuximide">Mesuximide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monatepil" title="Monatepil">Monatepil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftopidil" title="Naftopidil">Naftopidil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochratoxin_A" title="Ochratoxin A">Ochratoxin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osthol" title="Osthol">Osthol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otilonium_bromide" title="Otilonium bromide">Otilonium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramethadione" title="Paramethadione">Paramethadione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phensuximide" title="Phensuximide">Phensuximide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinaverium_bromide" title="Pinaverium bromide">Pinaverium bromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenylamine" title="Prenylamine">Prenylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophylline" title="Rhynchophylline">Rhynchophylline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesamodil" title="Sesamodil">Sesamodil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silperisone" title="Silperisone">Silperisone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sipatrigine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sipatrigine (page does not exist)">Sipatrigine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terodiline" title="Terodiline">Terodiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrandrine" title="Tetrandrine">Tetrandrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolperisone" title="Tolperisone">Tolperisone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimethadione" title="Trimethadione">Trimethadione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valperinol" title="Valperinol">Valperinol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel_opener" title="Calcium channel opener">Activators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/L-type_calcium_channel" title="L-type calcium channel">L-type-selective</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bay_K8644" title="Bay K8644">Bay K8644</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel" title="Potassium channel">Potassium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Voltage-gated_potassium_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-gated potassium channels"><abbr title="Voltage-gated potassium channels">VGKCs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Voltage-gated potassium channels</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_blocker" title="Potassium channel blocker">Blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3,4-Diaminopyridine" class="mw-redirect" title="3,4-Diaminopyridine">3,4-Diaminopyridine (amifampridine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Aminopyridine" title="4-Aminopyridine">4-Aminopyridine (fampridine/dalfampridine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adekalant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adekalant (page does not exist)">Adekalant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almokalant" title="Almokalant">Almokalant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiodarone" title="Amiodarone">Amiodarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azimilide" title="Azimilide">Azimilide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretylium" title="Bretylium">Bretylium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunaftine" title="Bunaftine">Bunaftine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charybdotoxin" title="Charybdotoxin">Charybdotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clamikalant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clamikalant (page does not exist)">Clamikalant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conotoxin" title="Conotoxin">Conotoxins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalazatide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalazatide (page does not exist)">Dalazatide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrotoxin" title="Dendrotoxin">Dendrotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dofetilide" title="Dofetilide">Dofetilide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dronedarone" title="Dronedarone">Dronedarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-4031" title="E-4031">E-4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanatoxin" title="Hanatoxin">Hanatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HgeTx1" title="HgeTx1">HgeTx1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HsTx1" title="HsTx1">HsTx1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibutilide" title="Ibutilide">Ibutilide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inakalant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inakalant (page does not exist)">Inakalant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliotoxin" title="Kaliotoxin">Kaliotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linopirdine" title="Linopirdine">Linopirdine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolitrem_B" title="Lolitrem B">Lolitrem B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurotoxin" title="Maurotoxin">Maurotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nifekalant" title="Nifekalant">Nifekalant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notoxin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notoxin (page does not exist)">Notoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paxilline" title="Paxilline">Paxilline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinokalant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinokalant (page does not exist)">Pinokalant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinidine" title="Quinidine">Quinidine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ShK-186&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ShK-186 (page does not exist)">ShK-186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotalol" title="Sotalol">Sotalol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedisamil" title="Tedisamil">Tedisamil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terikalant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terikalant (page does not exist)">Terikalant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetraethylammonium" title="Tetraethylammonium">Tetraethylammonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernakalant" title="Vernakalant">Vernakalant</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/HERG" title="HERG">hERG</a> (KCNH2, K<sub>v</sub>11.1)-specific:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ajmaline" title="Ajmaline">Ajmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiodarone" title="Amiodarone">Amiodarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmmTX3" title="AmmTX3">AmmTX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astemizole" title="Astemizole">Astemizole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azaspiracid" title="Azaspiracid">Azaspiracid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZD1305" title="AZD1305">AZD1305</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azimilide" title="Azimilide">Azimilide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedaquiline" title="Bedaquiline">Bedaquiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeKm-1_toxin" title="BeKm-1 toxin">BeKm-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BmTx3" title="BmTx3">BmTx3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRL-32872" title="BRL-32872">BRL-32872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpromazine" title="Chlorpromazine">Chlorpromazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisapride" title="Cisapride">Cisapride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarithromycin" title="Clarithromycin">Clarithromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darifenacin" title="Darifenacin">Darifenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextropropoxyphene" title="Dextropropoxyphene">Dextropropoxyphene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diallyl_trisulfide" title="Diallyl trisulfide">Diallyl trisulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domperidone" title="Domperidone">Domperidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-4031" title="E-4031">E-4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergtoxin" title="Ergtoxin">Ergtoxins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromycin" title="Erythromycin">Erythromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigactonine" title="Gigactonine">Gigactonine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haloperidol" title="Haloperidol">Haloperidol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoconazole" title="Ketoconazole">Ketoconazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norpropoxyphene" title="Norpropoxyphene">Norpropoxyphene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphenadrine" title="Orphenadrine">Orphenadrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimozide" title="Pimozide">Pimozide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PNU-282,987" title="PNU-282,987">PNU-282,987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promethazine" title="Promethazine">Promethazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinidine" title="Quinidine">Quinidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranolazine" title="Ranolazine">Ranolazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxithromycin" title="Roxithromycin">Roxithromycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertindole" title="Sertindole">Sertindole</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solifenacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamulotoxin" title="Tamulotoxin">Tamulotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terodiline" title="Terodiline">Terodiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terfenadine" title="Terfenadine">Terfenadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thioridazine" title="Thioridazine">Thioridazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolterodine" title="Tolterodine">Tolterodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanoxerine" title="Vanoxerine">Vanoxerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernakalant" title="Vernakalant">Vernakalant</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/KCNQ" title="KCNQ">KCNQ (K<sub>v</sub>7)</a>-specific:</b> <a href="/wiki/Linopirdine" title="Linopirdine">Linopirdine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XE-991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XE-991 (page does not exist)">XE-991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssm_spooky_toxin" title="Ssm spooky toxin">Spooky toxin (SsTx)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_opener" title="Potassium channel opener">Activators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/KCNQ" title="KCNQ">KCNQ (K<sub>v</sub>7)</a>-specific:</b> <a href="/wiki/Flupirtine" title="Flupirtine">Flupirtine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retigabine" title="Retigabine">Retigabine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Inwardly_rectifying_potassium_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Inwardly rectifying potassium channel"><abbr title="Inwardly rectifying potassium channel">IRKs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Inwardly rectifying potassium channel</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_blocker" title="Potassium channel blocker">Blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/ATP-sensitive_potassium_channel" title="ATP-sensitive potassium channel"><abbr title="ATP-sensitive potassium channel">K<sub>ATP</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel</span>-specific:</b> <a href="/wiki/Acetohexamide" title="Acetohexamide">Acetohexamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbutamide" title="Carbutamide">Carbutamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorpropamide" title="Chlorpropamide">Chlorpropamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glibenclamide" title="Glibenclamide">Glibenclamide (glyburide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glibornuride" title="Glibornuride">Glibornuride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glicaramide" title="Glicaramide">Glicaramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliclazide" title="Gliclazide">Gliclazide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glimepiride" title="Glimepiride">Glimepiride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glipizide" title="Glipizide">Glipizide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliquidone" title="Gliquidone">Gliquidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glisoxepide" title="Glisoxepide">Glisoxepide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyclopyramide" title="Glyclopyramide">Glyclopyramide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glycyclamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glycyclamide (page does not exist)">Glycyclamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metahexamide" title="Metahexamide">Metahexamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitiglinide" title="Mitiglinide">Mitiglinide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nateglinide" title="Nateglinide">Nateglinide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repaglinide" title="Repaglinide">Repaglinide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolazamide" title="Tolazamide">Tolazamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolbutamide" title="Tolbutamide">Tolbutamide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_inwardly_rectifying_potassium_channel" title="G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel"><abbr title="G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel">GIRK</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel</span>-specific:</b> <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caramiphen" title="Caramiphen">Caramiphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloperastine" title="Cloperastine">Cloperastine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clozapine" title="Clozapine">Clozapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">Dextromethorphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethosuximide" title="Ethosuximide">Ethosuximide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifenprodil" title="Ifenprodil">Ifenprodil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiapin" title="Tertiapin">Tertiapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipepidine" title="Tipepidine">Tipepidine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_opener" title="Potassium channel opener">Activators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/ATP-sensitive_potassium_channel" title="ATP-sensitive potassium channel"><abbr title="ATP-sensitive potassium channel">K<sub>ATP</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel</span>-specific:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aprikalim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aprikalim (page does not exist)">Aprikalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimakalim" title="Bimakalim">Bimakalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromakalim" title="Cromakalim">Cromakalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diazoxide" title="Diazoxide">Diazoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emakalim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emakalim (page does not exist)">Emakalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levcromakalim" class="mw-redirect" title="Levcromakalim">Levcromakalim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazokalim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazokalim (page does not exist)">Mazokalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoxidil" title="Minoxidil">Minoxidil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoxidil_sulfate" title="Minoxidil sulfate">Minoxidil sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naminidil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naminidil (page does not exist)">Naminidil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicorandil" title="Nicorandil">Nicorandil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinacidil" title="Pinacidil">Pinacidil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rilmakalim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rilmakalim (page does not exist)">Rilmakalim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarakalim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarakalim (page does not exist)">Sarakalim</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_inwardly_rectifying_potassium_channel" title="G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel"><abbr title="G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel">GIRK</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel</span>-specific:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ML-297&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ML-297 (page does not exist)">ML-297 (VU0456810)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium-activated_potassium_channel" title="Calcium-activated potassium channel"><abbr title="Calcium-activated potassium channel">K<sub>Ca</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Calcium-activated potassium channel</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_blocker" title="Potassium channel blocker">Blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/BK_channel" title="BK channel">BK<sub>Ca</sub></a>-specific:</b> <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Ethanol (alcohol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAL-021" class="mw-redirect" title="GAL-021">GAL-021</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_opener" title="Potassium channel opener">Activators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/BK_channel" title="BK channel">BK<sub>Ca</sub></a>-specific:</b> <a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimesulide" title="Nimesulide">Nimesulide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottlerin" title="Rottlerin">Rottlerin (mallotoxin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tandem_pore_domain_potassium_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tandem pore domain potassium channel"><abbr title="Tandem pore domain potassium channel">K2Ps</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Tandem pore domain potassium channel</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_blocker" title="Potassium channel blocker">Blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate" title="12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate">12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid" title="Arachidonic acid">Arachidonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfluoxetine" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfluoxetine">Norfluoxetine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_channel_opener" title="Potassium channel opener">Activators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riluzole" title="Riluzole">Riluzole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel" title="Sodium channel">Sodium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Voltage-gated_sodium_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-gated sodium channels"><abbr title="Voltage-gated sodium channels">VGSCs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Voltage-gated sodium channels</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel_blocker" title="Sodium channel blocker">Blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Antianginals:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ranolazine" title="Ranolazine">Ranolazine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antiarrhythmics (class I):</i> <a href="/wiki/Ajmaline" title="Ajmaline">Ajmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aprindine" title="Aprindine">Aprindine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disopyramide" title="Disopyramide">Disopyramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dronedarone" title="Dronedarone">Dronedarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encainide" title="Encainide">Encainide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flecainide" title="Flecainide">Flecainide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">Lidocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorajmine" title="Lorajmine">Lorajmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorcainide" title="Lorcainide">Lorcainide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexiletine" title="Mexiletine">Mexiletine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moracizine" title="Moracizine">Moricizine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilsicainide" title="Pilsicainide">Pilsicainide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prajmaline" title="Prajmaline">Prajmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procainamide" title="Procainamide">Procainamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propafenone" title="Propafenone">Propafenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinidine" title="Quinidine">Quinidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparteine" title="Sparteine">Sparteine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocainide" title="Tocainide">Tocainide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Anticonvulsants:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetylpheneturide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetylpheneturide (page does not exist)">Acetylpheneturide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbamazepine" title="Carbamazepine">Carbamazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenobamate" title="Cenobamate">Cenobamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorphenacemide" title="Chlorphenacemide">Chlorphenacemide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elpetrigine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elpetrigine (page does not exist)">Elpetrigine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslicarbazepine_acetate" title="Eslicarbazepine acetate">Eslicarbazepine acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethotoin" title="Ethotoin">Ethotoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosphenytoin" title="Fosphenytoin">Fosphenytoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamotrigine" title="Lamotrigine">Lamotrigine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacosamide" title="Lacosamide">Lacosamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licarbazepine" title="Licarbazepine">Licarbazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mephenytoin" title="Mephenytoin">Mephenytoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxcarbazepine" title="Oxcarbazepine">Oxcarbazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxitriptyline" title="Oxitriptyline">Oxitriptyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenacemide" title="Phenacemide">Phenacemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheneturide" title="Pheneturide">Pheneturide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">Phenytoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufinamide" title="Rufinamide">Rufinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sipatrigine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sipatrigine (page does not exist)">Sipatrigine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiramate" title="Topiramate">Topiramate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_valproate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium valproate">Sodium valproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valnoctamide" title="Valnoctamide">Valnoctamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproate_pivoxil" title="Valproate pivoxil">Valproate pivoxil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproate_semisodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproate semisodium">Valproate semisodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproic acid">Valproic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valpromide" title="Valpromide">Valpromide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonisamide" title="Zonisamide">Zonisamide</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Local anesthetics:</i> <a href="/wiki/3-(p-Fluorobenzoyloxy)tropane" title="3-(p-Fluorobenzoyloxy)tropane"><i>p</i>FBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amylocaine" title="Amylocaine">Amylocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articaine" title="Articaine">Articaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzocaine" title="Benzocaine">Benzocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupivacaine" title="Bupivacaine">Bupivacaine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Levobupivacaine" title="Levobupivacaine">Levobupivacaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ropivacaine" title="Ropivacaine">Ropivacaine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butacaine" title="Butacaine">Butacaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butamben" title="Butamben">Butamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroprocaine" title="Chloroprocaine">Chloroprocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinchocaine" title="Cinchocaine">Cinchocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">Cocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclomethycaine" title="Cyclomethycaine">Cyclomethycaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethocaine" title="Dimethocaine">Dimethocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">Diphenhydramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etidocaine" title="Etidocaine">Etidocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexylcaine" title="Hexylcaine">Hexylcaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iontocaine" title="Iontocaine">Iontocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lidocaine" title="Lidocaine">Lidocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepivacaine" title="Mepivacaine">Mepivacaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meprylcaine" title="Meprylcaine">Meprylcaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabutoxycaine" title="Metabutoxycaine">Metabutoxycaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthocaine" title="Orthocaine">Orthocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperocaine" title="Piperocaine">Piperocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prilocaine" title="Prilocaine">Prilocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procaine" title="Procaine">Procaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propoxycaine" title="Propoxycaine">Propoxycaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxymetacaine" title="Proxymetacaine">Proxymetacaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risocaine" title="Risocaine">Risocaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetracaine" title="Tetracaine">Tetracaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimecaine" title="Trimecaine">Trimecaine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Analgesics:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-3161&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-3161 (page does not exist)">AZD-3161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSP-2230" title="DSP-2230">DSP-2230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funapide" title="Funapide">Funapide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GDC-0276&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GDC-0276 (page does not exist)">GDC-0276</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NKTR-171&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NKTR-171 (page does not exist)">NKTR-171</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-04531083&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-04531083 (page does not exist)">PF-04531083</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-05089771" title="PF-05089771">PF-05089771</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralfinamide" title="Ralfinamide">Ralfinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raxatrigine" class="mw-redirect" title="Raxatrigine">Raxatrigine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RG7893&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RG7893 (page does not exist)">RG7893 (GDC-0287)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzetrigine" title="Suzetrigine">Suzetrigine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Toxins:</i> <a href="/wiki/Conotoxin" title="Conotoxin">Conotoxins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosaxitoxin" title="Neosaxitoxin">Neosaxitoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxitoxin" title="Saxitoxin">Saxitoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrodotoxin" title="Tetrodotoxin">Tetrodotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zetekitoxin_AB" title="Zetekitoxin AB">Zetekitoxin AB</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine" title="Buprenorphine">Buprenorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evenamide" title="Evenamide">Evenamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">Menthol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mint</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safinamide" title="Safinamide">Safinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel_opener" title="Sodium channel opener">Activators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aconitine" title="Aconitine">Aconitine</a></li> <li>Atracotoxins (<a href="/wiki/Omega-Atracotoxin" title="Omega-Atracotoxin">ω-Atracotoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robustoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Robustoxin">Robustoxin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Versutoxin" title="Versutoxin">Versutoxin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batrachotoxin" title="Batrachotoxin">Batrachotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciguatoxin" title="Ciguatoxin">Ciguatoxins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayanotoxin" title="Grayanotoxin">Grayanotoxins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poneratoxin" title="Poneratoxin">Poneratoxin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Epithelial_sodium_channel" title="Epithelial sodium channel"><abbr title="Epithelial sodium channel">ENaC</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Epithelial sodium channel</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel_blocker" title="Sodium channel blocker">Blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiloride" title="Amiloride">Amiloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzamil" title="Benzamil">Benzamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triamterene" title="Triamterene">Triamterene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel_opener" title="Sodium channel opener">Activators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solnatide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solnatide (page does not exist)">Solnatide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Acid-sensing_ion_channel" title="Acid-sensing ion channel"><abbr title="Acid-sensing ion channel">ASICs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Acid-sensing ion channel</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_channel_blocker" title="Sodium channel blocker">Blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-317567&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-317567 (page does not exist)">A-317567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiloride" title="Amiloride">Amiloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Aspirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PcTX1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PcTX1 (page does not exist)">PcTX1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chloride_channel" title="Chloride channel">Chloride</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium-activated_chloride_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium-activated chloride channel"><abbr title="Calcium-activated chloride channel">CaCCs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Calcium-activated chloride channel</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chloride_channel_blocker" title="Chloride channel blocker">Blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crofelemer" title="Crofelemer">Crofelemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIDS" title="DIDS">DIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethacrynic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethacrynic acid">Ethacrynic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoxetine" title="Fluoxetine">Fluoxetine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furosemide" title="Furosemide">Furosemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glibenclamide" title="Glibenclamide">Glibenclamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefloquine" title="Mefloquine">Mefloquine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mibefradil" title="Mibefradil">Mibefradil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chloride_channel_opener" title="Chloride channel opener">Activators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbachol" title="Carbachol">Carbachol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis_transmembrane_conductance_regulator" title="Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator"><abbr title="Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator">CFTR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chloride_channel_blocker" title="Chloride channel blocker">Blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glibenclamide" title="Glibenclamide">Glibenclamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonidamine" title="Lonidamine">Lonidamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piretanide" title="Piretanide">Piretanide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chloride_channel_opener" title="Chloride channel opener">Activators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,7-Phenanthroline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1,7-Phenanthroline (page does not exist)">1,7-Phenanthroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,10-Phenanthroline" title="1,10-Phenanthroline">1,10-Phenanthroline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4,7-Phenanthroline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4,7-Phenanthroline (page does not exist)">4,7-Phenanthroline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7,8-Benzoquinoline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7,8-Benzoquinoline (page does not exist)">7,8-Benzoquinoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivacaftor" title="Ivacaftor">Ivacaftor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenanthridine" title="Phenanthridine">Phenanthridine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chloride_channel_blocker" title="Chloride channel blocker">Blockers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bumetanide" title="Bumetanide">Bumetanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">Mefenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepacrine" title="Mepacrine">Mepacrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talniflumate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talniflumate (page does not exist)">Talniflumate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifluoperazine" title="Trifluoperazine">Trifluoperazine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="Transient receptor potential channels"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential channels">TRPs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Transient receptor potential channels</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Transient_receptor_potential_channel_modulators" title="Template:Transient receptor potential channel modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ligand_gated_ion_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligand gated ion channels"><abbr title="Ligand gated ion channels">LGICs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Ligand gated ion channels</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Pharmacomodulation" title="Template:Pharmacomodulation">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Transient_receptor_potential_channel_modulators" 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