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title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Eastern Front counteroffensive</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War">Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Campa%C3%B1aDeVeranoContraKolchak1919.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Campa%C3%B1aDeVeranoContraKolchak1919.svg/220px-Campa%C3%B1aDeVeranoContraKolchak1919.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Campa%C3%B1aDeVeranoContraKolchak1919.svg/330px-Campa%C3%B1aDeVeranoContraKolchak1919.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Campa%C3%B1aDeVeranoContraKolchak1919.svg/440px-Campa%C3%B1aDeVeranoContraKolchak1919.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1801" data-file-height="2028" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>28 April – July 1919</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural Region</a>; <a href="/wiki/Volga_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga Region">Volga Region</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Bolshevik victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_State_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Russian State (1918–1920)">Russian State</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayk_Bzhishkyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayk Bzhishkyan">Hayk Bzhishkyan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vasilii_Shorin" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasilii Shorin">Vasilii Shorin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lashevich" title="Mikhail Lashevich">Mikhail Lashevich</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Frunze" title="Mikhail Frunze">Mikhail Frunze</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDanis_B%C4%BCumbergs" class="mw-redirect" title="Žanis Bļumbergs">Žanis Bļumbergs</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kolchak" title="Alexander Kolchak">Alexander Kolchak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Radola_Gajda" title="Radola Gajda">Radola Gajda</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Hanzhin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Hanzhin (page does not exist)">Mikhail Hanzhin</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petr_Belov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petr Belov (page does not exist)">Petr Belov</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Eastern_Front_of_Russian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Eastern Front of Russian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Eastern_Front_of_Russian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Eastern Front of Russian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Eastern_Front_of_Russian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Eastern Front of Russian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Frontof_the_Russian_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War">Eastern Front<br />of the Russian Civil War</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_revolt_(1918)" title="Yakut revolt (1918)">1st Yakut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Czechoslovak_Legion" title="Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion">Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barnaul_(1918)" title="Battle of Barnaul (1918)">Barnaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_intervention" title="Siberian intervention">Siberian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Kazan_by_the_White_Army" title="Capture of Kazan by the White Army">1st Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_Operation" title="Kazan Operation">2nd Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbirsk_Operation" title="Simbirsk Operation">Simbirsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syzran%E2%80%93Samara_Operation" title="Syzran–Samara Operation">Syzran and Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk%E2%80%93Votkinsk_Uprising" title="Izhevsk–Votkinsk Uprising">Izhevsk and Votkinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsk_uprising" title="Arsk uprising">Arsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minusinsk_Uprising" title="Minusinsk Uprising">Minusinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_Operation_(1918%E2%80%9319)" title="Perm Operation (1918–19)">1st Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheksna_uprising" title="Sheksna uprising">Sheksna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_offensive_of_the_White_Army" title="Spring offensive of the White Army">Spring offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburg_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orenburg Operation (page does not exist)">Orenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defence_of_Uralsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defence of Uralsk (page does not exist)">Uralsk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapan War">Chapan War</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern Front counteroffensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buguruslan_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buguruslan Operation (page does not exist)">Buguruslan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belebey_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belebey Operation (page does not exist)">Belebey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarapul%E2%80%93Votkinsk_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarapul–Votkinsk Operation (page does not exist)">Sarapul and Votkinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ufa_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ufa Operation (page does not exist)">Ufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_Operation_(1919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perm Operation (1919)">2nd Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zlatoust_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zlatoust Operation (page does not exist)">Zlatoust</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yekaterinburg_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yekaterinburg Operation (page does not exist)">Yekaterinburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chelyabinsk_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chelyabinsk Operation (page does not exist)">Chelyabinsk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobolsk_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tobolsk Operation (page does not exist)">Tobolsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petropavlovsk_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petropavlovsk Operation (page does not exist)">Petropavlovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uralsk%E2%80%93Guryev_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uralsk–Guryev Operation (page does not exist)">Uralsk and Guryev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bogdat" title="Battle of Bogdat">Bogdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siberian_Ice_March" title="Great Siberian Ice March">Great Siberian Ice March</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omsk_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omsk Operation (page does not exist)">Omsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novonikolaevsk_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novonikolaevsk Operation (page does not exist)">Novonikolaevsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krasnoyarsk_Operation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krasnoyarsk Operation (page does not exist)">Krasnoyarsk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chita_Operations" title="Chita Operations">Chita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starving_March" title="Starving March">Starving March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_uprising" title="Pitchfork uprising">Pitchfork uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_rebellion" title="West Siberian rebellion">West Siberian rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_rebellion_of_Sorokino" title="Peasant rebellion of Sorokino">Sorokino rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_Incident" title="Free City Incident">Svobodny Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_intervention_in_Mongolia" title="Soviet intervention in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Volochayevka" title="Battle of Volochayevka">Khabarovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spassk_operation" title="Spassk operation">Spassk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_revolt_(1921)" title="Yakut revolt (1921)">2nd Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Eastern Front counteroffensive</b> (April–July 1919) was an episode of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Front_counteroffensive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1917, the Russian Bolshevik Party staged a <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">revolution</a> against <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Alexander Kerensky</a>'s Provisional Government that led to a civil war. During the spring of 1919 the <a href="/wiki/Kolchak_army_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolchak army offensive">Kolchak army offensive</a> created a strategic breakthrough in the center of The <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(RSFSR)" title="Eastern Front (RSFSR)">Eastern Font</a>, while the Reds were preparing their own offensive on the southern flank. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Idea">Idea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Front_counteroffensive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Idea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a> offensive, the Reds had a big force on the southern flank. The White army was dispersed in several groups and the Reds attempted to crush those groups from south to north one by one. Reserves were used to rebuild the Red's <a href="/wiki/5th_Army_(RSFSR)" title="5th Army (RSFSR)">5th Army</a> and delay the Whites' advancement in the center of the front. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battles">Battles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Front_counteroffensive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the southern flank, the White <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Independent_Army" title="Orenburg Independent Army">Orenburg Independent Army</a> tried to capture <a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a> without success. New commander General Petr Belov decided to use his reserve, the 4th Corps, to outflank Orenburg from the north. But Red commander <a href="/wiki/Hayk_Bzhishkyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayk Bzhishkyan">Gaya Gai</a> regrouped and crushed the Whites during a 3-day battle from 22–25 April and the remains of the White forces changed sides. As a result, there was no cover for the White <a href="/wiki/Western_Army_of_the_White_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Army of the White Movement">Western Army</a>'s rear communications (commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Hanzhin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Hanzhin (page does not exist)">Mikhail Hanzhin</a>). On 25 April the Supreme Command of the Reds' Eastern Front ordered an advance. </p><p>On 28 April the Reds crushed 2 divisions of the Whites in the region to the south-east of <a href="/wiki/Buguruslan" title="Buguruslan">Buguruslan</a>. While suppressing the flank of the advancing White armies, the Reds' command ordered the Southern Group to advance to the North-West. On 4 May the Red 5th Army captured Buguruslan, and the Whites had to quickly retreat to <a href="/wiki/Bugulma" title="Bugulma">Bugulma</a>. On 6 May <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Frunze" title="Mikhail Frunze">Mikhail Frunze</a> (commander of Red's Southern Group) attempted to surround the White Forces, but the Whites quickly retreated to the east. On 13 May the Red 5th Army captured Bugulma without a fight. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Samoilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Samoilo">Aleksandr Samoilo</a> (new commander of the Red's Eastern Front) took the 5th Army from the Southern Group and ordered a strike on the Northeast in retribution for their assistance to the Northern Group. The Southern Group was reinforced by 2 rifle divisions. The outflanked Whites had to retreat from <a href="/wiki/Belebey" title="Belebey">Belebey</a> to the east, but Samoilo didn't realize that the Whites were defeated and ordered his troops to stop. Frunze didn't agree, and on 19 May Samoilo ordered his troops to pursue the enemy. </p><p>The Whites concentrated 6 infantry regiments near <a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a> and decided to outflank the <a href="/wiki/Turkestan_Army_(RSFSR)" title="Turkestan Army (RSFSR)">Turkestan Army</a>. On 28 May the Whites crossed the <a href="/wiki/Belaya_River_(Kama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belaya River (Kama)">Belaya River</a>, but were crushed on 29 May. On 30 May the Red 5th Army also crossed the Belaya River and captured <a href="/wiki/Birsk" title="Birsk">Birsk</a> on 7 June. Also on 7 June the Red's Southern Group crossed the Belaya River and captured Ufa on 9 June. On 16 June the Whites began a general retreat in the eastern direction on the whole front. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Front_counteroffensive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The defeat of the Whites in the Center and South, enabled the Red Army to cross the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>. The advance of the Red Army in the Center and South forced the Whites' Northern group (the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Army" title="Siberian Army">Siberian Army</a>) to retreat, because the Red armies were now able to cut its communications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Front_counteroffensive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Н.Е.Какурин, И.И.Вацетис "Гражданская война. 1918–1921" (N.E.Kakurin, <a href="/wiki/Jukums_V%C4%81cietis" title="Jukums Vācietis">I.I.Vacietis</a> "Civil War. 1918–1921") – Sankt-Peterburg, "Polygon" Publishing House, 2002. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-89173-150-9" title="Special:BookSources/5-89173-150-9">5-89173-150-9</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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