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Massimo Campigli - Wikipedia

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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Massimo Campigli</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Massimo_Campigli_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Massimo_Campigli_1967.jpg/220px-Massimo_Campigli_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Massimo_Campigli_1967.jpg/330px-Massimo_Campigli_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Massimo_Campigli_1967.jpg/440px-Massimo_Campigli_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Campigli in 1967</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Max Ihlenfeld</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1895-07-04</span>)</span>4 July 1895<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">31 May 1971<span style="display:none">(1971-05-31)</span> (aged&#160;75)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known&#160;for</th><td class="infobox-data">Painting</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Massimo Campigli</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">&#91;ˈmassimo<span class="wrap"> </span>kamˈpiʎʎi&#93;</a></span>; born <b>Max Ihlenfeld</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 4 July 1895&#160;&#8211;&#32;31 May 1971) was an Italian painter and journalist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Campigli&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born in Berlin, Germany, but spent most of his childhood in Florence, Italy. His family moved to <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> in 1909, and here he worked on the <i>Letteratura</i> magazine, frequenting avant-garde circles and making the acquaintance of <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni" title="Umberto Boccioni">Boccioni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Carr%C3%A0" title="Carlo Carrà">Carrà</a>. In 1914 the <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurist</a> magazine <i>Lacerba</i> published his "Giornale + Strada – Parole in libertà" ("Journal + Road – Words in freedom"). During World War I Campigli was captured and deported to Hungary where he remained a prisoner of war from 1916–18. </p><p>At the end of the war he moved to Paris where he worked as foreign correspondent for the Milanese daily newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a></i>. Although he had already produced some drawings during the war, it was only after he arrived in Paris that he started to paint. At the Café du Dôme he consorted with artists including <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Giorgio de Chirico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Savinio" title="Alberto Savinio">Alberto Savinio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gino_Severini" title="Gino Severini">Gino Severini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filippo_De_Pisis" title="Filippo De Pisis">Filippo De Pisis</a>. Extended visits to the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> deepened Campigli's interest in <a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian art</a>, which became a lasting source of his own painting. </p><p>His first figurative works applied geometrical designs to the human figure, reflecting the influence of <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fernand_L%C3%A9ger" title="Fernand Léger">Fernand Léger</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a> of "L’Esprit Nouveau". </p><p>In 1923, he organised his first personal exhibition at the Bragaglia Gallery in Rome. During the next five years his figures developed a monumental quality, often with stylised poses and the limbs interwoven into a sculptural solidity. The importance given to order and tradition, the atmosphere of serenity and eternity were in line with the post-war reconstruction and the programme of the “Twentieth Century” artists with whom Campigli frequently exhibited both in Milan from 1926–29 and abroad from 1927–31. </p><p>As from 1926, he joined the "Paris Italians" together with de Chirico, de Pisis, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Paresce" title="René Paresce">Renato Paresce</a>, Savinio, Severini and <a href="/wiki/Mario_Tozzi" title="Mario Tozzi">Mario Tozzi</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.mariotozzi.it">[1]</a>. In 1928, year of his debut at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Biennale" title="Venice Biennale">Venice Biennale</a>, he was very much taken by the <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> collection when visiting the <a href="/wiki/National_Etruscan_Museum" title="National Etruscan Museum">National Etruscan Museum</a> in Rome. He then broke away from the compact severity of his previous works in favour of a plane with subdued tones and schematic forms rich in archaisms. </p><p>While in Paris Campigli worked at <a href="/wiki/Atelier_17" title="Atelier 17">Atelier 17</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Curzon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curzon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a journey in Romania with his first wife Magdalena Rădulescu, he started a new cycle of works portraying women employed in domestic tasks and agricultural labour. These figures were arranged in <a href="/wiki/Asymmetry" title="Asymmetry">asymmetrical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">hieratic</a> compositions, hovering on a rough textured plane, inspired by ancient <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a>. These works were enthusiastically received by the critics at the exhibition held in the Jeanne Bucher gallery, Paris, in 1929 and at the Milione Gallery, Milan, in 1931. During the thirties he held a series of solo exhibitions in New York, Paris and Milan which brought him international acclaim. </p><p>In 1933 Campigli returned to Milan where he worked on projects of vast dimensions. In the same year he signed <a href="/wiki/Mario_Sironi" title="Mario Sironi">Mario Sironi</a>'s Mural Art Manifesto and painted a fresco of mothers, country-women, working women, for the V Milan Triennial which unfortunately was later destroyed. In the following ten years other works were commissioned: <i>I costruttori</i> ("The builders") for the <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> League of Nations in 1937; <i>Non uccidere</i> ("Do not kill") for the Milan Courts of Justice in 1938, an enormous 300 square metre fresco for the entrance hall, designed by <a href="/wiki/Gio_Ponti" title="Gio Ponti">Gio Ponti</a>, of the Liviano, Padua which he painted during 1939–40. </p><p>After divorcing in 1939, Campigli remarried with the sculptor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuditta_Scalini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuditta Scalini (page does not exist)">Giuditta Scalini</a>. Together they passed the war years in Milan and in Venice, then after the war they divided their time between Rome, Paris and Saint-Tropez. In 1943, his son Nicola was born in Venice. </p><p>In a personal exhibition at the Venice Biennial in 1948 he displayed his new compositions: female figures inserted in complicated architectonic structures. During the 60s his figures were reduced to coloured markings in a group of almost abstract canvasses. In 1967 a retrospective exhibition was dedicated to Campigli at the Palazzo Reale in Milan. He died of a <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">heart attack</a> in 1971 in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Tropez" title="Saint-Tropez">Saint-Tropez</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Photos by Paolo Monti</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6361508.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Massimo Campigli"><img alt="Massimo Campigli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6361508.jpg/120px-Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6361508.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6361508.jpg/179px-Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6361508.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6361508.jpg/239px-Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6361508.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="1267" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Massimo Campigli</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Campigli&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://massimocampigli.org/c3/artista_biografia.php">"CAMPIGLI.ORG&#160;: The Massimo Campigli Archive"</a>. <i>massimocampigli.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=massimocampigli.org&amp;rft.atitle=CAMPIGLI.ORG+%3A+The+Massimo+Campigli+Archive&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmassimocampigli.org%2Fc3%2Fartista_biografia.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassimo+Campigli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curzon-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Curzon_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurzon2017" class="citation book cs1">Curzon, Lucy D (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lj0rDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Massimo+Campigli+Atelier+17&amp;pg=PA52"><i>Mass-Observation and Visual Culture: Depicting Everyday Lives in Britain</i></a>. Routledge. p.&#160;52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-55900-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-55900-3"><bdi>978-1-351-55900-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mass-Observation+and+Visual+Culture%3A+Depicting+Everyday+Lives+in+Britain&amp;rft.pages=52&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-351-55900-3&amp;rft.aulast=Curzon&amp;rft.aufirst=Lucy+D&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLj0rDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DMassimo%2BCampigli%2BAtelier%2B17%26pg%3DPA52&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassimo+Campigli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108723607">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/266221300">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/38100/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwX9T4hRfPK4rwQb98wG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119224062">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79069789">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12550160g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12550160g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Campigli, Massimo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV016944">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX1030718">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070376786">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&amp;url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&amp;id=495/180359">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007507799505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058604974006706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500029770">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/15040">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/8a1764f3-a057-4c9c-9a7c-811afd7a7724">KulturNav</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/3389/">Victoria</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/942">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aucklandartgallery.com/explore-art-and-ideas/artist/1586/">Auckland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agsa.sa.gov.au/collection-publications/collection/creators/_/3049/">South Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="CAMPIGLI, Massimo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/massimo-campigli_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119224062.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119224062">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027499847">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6pk0q4c">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐84f5c5f7df‐5hl2m Cached time: 20241202163315 Cache expiry: 2532421 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.486 seconds Real time usage: 0.873 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2630/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28030/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3338/2097152 bytes Highest expansion 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