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语文 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-学科名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#学科名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>学科名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-学科名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" 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id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span><b>提示</b>:此条目页的主题不是<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="语文学">语文学</a></b>或<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="语言">语言</a></b>。</div> <p><b>语文</b>,是中文语境中一个多义的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E8%AF%8D" title="合成词">合成词</a>,包括<b>语</b>和<b>文</b>,「语」指代<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="语言">语言</a>,而「文」则有多种解释,不同情况下指代<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="文学">文学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>等等。比如1949年后中国大陆中小学的语文课指代的就是<b>语言文学</b>。日常生活中,語文兩字並無嚴格指口頭語及書面語而混用之,如英語和英文、日语和日文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="学科名"><span id=".E5.AD.A6.E7.A7.91.E5.90.8D"></span>学科名</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:学科名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>清末1904年颁布《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%8F%E5%AE%9A%E5%AD%A6%E5%A0%82%E7%AB%A0%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奏定学堂章程">奏定学堂章程</a>》,设<b>国文</b>科。 </p><p>中華民國的國語、國文課名出自於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%9B%9B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="五四运动">五四运动</a>前后,小学设<b>国语</b>课,教材为白话文,中学设<b>国文</b>课,當時教材为以文言为主,新文学作品为辅。 </p><p>1949年中華人民共和國成立后,将中国大陆的国语和国文課名统称为<b>语文</b>,是学校裡的一种主要科目,常指代<b>漢語言文學</b>,以白話文為主,輔以文言文,隨著年級增加文言文比例逐漸提高。一般<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="漢民族">漢民族</a>語文科目在中小学通常只称为<b>语文</b>,在大学则常常不简称而只使用全稱<b>漢語言文學</b>。少数民族学习的科目则分别为对应民族语文(例如<b>藏语文</b>、<b>蒙语文</b>、<b>维语文</b>、<b>朝语文</b>等等)以及单独的<b>汉语文</b>科目,少数民族的汉语文科目也通常比汉族学习的内容更简单、考试难度更低。 </p><p>“语文”作为学科名最早由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%9C%A3%E9%99%B6" title="叶圣陶">叶圣陶</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%B8%8F%E5%B0%8A" title="夏丏尊">夏丏尊</a>于1949年提出,既作为学科名,也作为教材名,受到教育界认同。1950年,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E6%80%BB%E7%BD%B2%E7%BC%96%E5%AE%A1%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国国家出版总署编审局(页面不存在)">中国国家出版总署编审局</a>出版了首套语文教材,中華人民共和國从此废除“国文”、“国语”等名称。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/语文">语文</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="語">语</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/s/blog_b7171c740101afw6.html">重温叶圣陶先生关于“语文”含义的论述_沧海之语_新浪博客</a>. blog.sina.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-07-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200708132335/http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/s/blog_b7171c740101afw6.html">存档</a>于2020-07-08).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87&rft.atitle=%E9%87%8D%E6%B8%A9%E5%8F%B6%E5%9C%A3%E9%99%B6%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E2%80%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E2%80%9D%E5%90%AB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%BA%E8%BF%B0_%E6%B2%A7%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%8B%E8%AF%AD_%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%A2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.sina.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.sina.cn%2Fdpool%2Fblog%2Fs%2Fblog_b7171c740101afw6.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="小作品圖示" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/30px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/45px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/60px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="font-size:smaller">这是一篇<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="语言">语言</a><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="Wikipedia:小作品">小作品</a>。您可以通过<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87&action=edit">编辑或修订</a>扩充其内容。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - 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