CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e74658b3a6ba8df',cH: 'ppDXq.CHHthm0gzK5x25VJA40GOmSvRFfhsno964jso-1732398854-1.2.1.1-0Daisku9vphYJWiNZT5x2oYekGWRDovObp5L1jJq2a84CaUjbgjhkvdCVgiM83Le',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1029\/2000JD900209?__cf_chl_tk=U2RYz1oII3IwwFuaEKYuSOOhwNCT1rHJa5GsHCK_ehY-1732398854-1.0.1.1-IsqpHDJ9fJjf4apxCfISmwuAKQAL46rW5klQpef8qSI",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732398854',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1029\/2000JD900209?__cf_chl_f_tk=U2RYz1oII3IwwFuaEKYuSOOhwNCT1rHJa5GsHCK_ehY-1732398854-1.0.1.1-IsqpHDJ9fJjf4apxCfISmwuAKQAL46rW5klQpef8qSI",md: "qWp9iK5hhTwDJ_4YKsomEJt8eKf5Y3EVshzl5f6rPC4-1732398854-1.2.1.1-6yiq3BGnVf1ycoMwxVFWe4VBZvQtw9g5w6qQN7F_YikPMjgjsfm7f4aOz0ZPos73rheXIVx6TtaIx67oCk5a6.ATQzqua7UtVST0cFDyDf1cBjgxE90rWvu6jEvujTxNFOIfWLqwE4dnJceVvM7Cy.hCxROZ_TRmnaQUsQ4e9Rb_0mo07FbJNtXkfK34dHkUzozuDu3QfVVgbfyh46EQlUIiexXm_hCfaGDeFON0eBJd5jQTxGSx59KCcrdoeNYAo0QYAlBn4LBnnkqX21BFc_fZrdyuPSf93T80TTnbPWtn1tWptGA5hlOYiddlt7qnIX2lCZf4rvIDzkOnRP5_AmXjCbyrLedTyvY3ZOMn.qBWoRRrT_X39a9npsvf20sgdfmo2q4KTt4eeu3eAdNncjuK40HL5Kn9SJV1pBZh8.LY4k9KiZvF0Bg_ElpBH8Oo0RWfnCodf1FXQRn9zEwUNpX1pzB_6RUr5eSAqhAXe.SGoTYhsmn0OeilYm0SOe6hKwjbbxUvMMwbj.qEmvfj.QtaKyzV1_tauBCJgrShb.MwRH.uWwzOIhKRrlDcieAuLa.VRCA4w5XT99emG3HVPymu2SM.jl0dsoI.w7RxkVX23qbK46UKpIvf6MEcxFmi4nRttvHssV8IunmJKJUVLKiQgQdVEy7crTASXqqMd22i64wj9ceCr4RdLeXwc3IEV3yvv6KQhTjqRbJt0aa0vI_wq9UOeXgxocbvWWW0hvbFRWrVu9wrz0l2dUyZAThcoG0_1ZJl.Oy6VKmFUiga.Ir2KW8vTl7trln_aDbDJD_vGGYF7I7ZAtoB4k3oAQiDvdbdjmag2ARq_xbBnqup90WT28Zi09LciI41P5.E.WQeiipmsWe60fGYTbCERpuKIS1iwxuH2WSqBhgcPWZih9Ba8tnX1gXys2UYEjirWESnQDiI7sP7eCk4U4gCFuH9yxk4atvxr4e4H59vm878DhJwd7_SBiDUM9Vg5b29Cn4brGh60QVJoPPlRTzHABl8EWfhLdBZup0VRtq1RJZwVGU3Nu.UudkMgkv3QU7dDFsZj1ziKvtbH.ZEoj6CIhyXEBtZF1G0zWFNNWe.VGFxNAW47yXpQBhkDj5ojnWfT.lmN0nfCLdsPFQQm31smZGh93LKv34y2jI0U.noD_dx9wIQH2YsDb1.7lZNS1nWN2zDEnBW2CN5UaPa7pZMW0ql.tHPLmehJl3xlXn_wM5RIoHgcwCE7fKrMxyqeekxBzAJoKG8Vuig9pZYxUmLiQqurKcKgUkIJrCioejDrb9ihIIj40MgDR8XTv_2Fn2IztF_MKFxXQJ2WTIyo8k_N.0PFPacpQ0kRo9bYt9cV5MjRKTYT9hV2Lu7lxBs9Kmk_8XKSTcBmnztC0ao0al9CSvU2P0VsOjo64PUg7PxPN47FwRx_ITUZF5yVppUmwKRhhqAU8z46cQx9lXGHJAdHn_EZR5XASS.hmysuXeB1pCqL4rU1O2ToZAZdV2oMBLu0k_yVlf3c1ofrKK9bKAHrwBDQohAhlMcpor7pk.j75YVdX5kFY32v9LS9RxKdP7GKGEDk2MSD6QcPGBMr4MP3N7Hw8bsTZqcWnaFsPWpCw6jQzGUhScgvNeW3u0hSsaS_6MuiBntkIVxlQufgVQq5aSHB4WHOolWfDKX.2wEcA7DHgtLtTX0drZFb1fRzWLVrkdgxOnHy5dXTV0_3JnDB5jO394F_1f6bOkwbwThp.o.Lz2KVEdt7naa3D9TUy9JBFMt5Crv6Zl19pnkRnUc0sJqGX_SAJwUtnvB4hyvHEYCly6E3zKmqh4mkHmNLc81ZIbPtTvUiudDtn2AUgb.J605VimohEM_7bfAv79yuglC3agNbnVQFlwW.MWo8r.PKTWx6ReVNWeOui3a_4MYuWtNLv3pfxrbLxqG7IqElDWBiHd33ZRIhEbyYEEoQobsw1QUJFh8dhsAFGKtnkKmp6Tgo2H9je373O.MJcERmnXpDJrteQ.Cxs3xgS1qvBr2yRssmGQXJipeJ91vHBweXl4ir4eeFl8E0usOCEyaNgtPzv45B2_EULYS1Y.wRufuvfDF9.n9aTnoOrXJuWbCFES8nsUD6p2arL8P_QmnbkRlyVwNWUhnVxLzoAjLLDCEMT65AGdg8iHHlrAGnHMSQimydHDmQox1SFO6idBJRRUQdHdJ2groYkRV.7D6JskZf1UudbTOsgoE_Us_vnLb_uDN3_B2bPQmPXHEvwyvEIHN_BeLJ9sXMwhJh2vU.tkjTw0.H6mneg8GErTrdDCq3.z.Awf.NiFZGaA_j7QOcWjbDXpfQh0ho_7F2A3bbMGxOTmIySAfFI3xqmX2QyyFRyVkeBIkzys7bg8Z55TmykcL9.v7vo5EfoDKqStGgXFDfCIjFADasZbTM4tR3cIGibxN6SsvC28fRKfqkaYXGACI4.Ootaq_G46FOZX3y4kZsFXdeV.HugyN3Mq3GDmfVEJRkeFSON0O.DaEqakLwDbzvVqR54Qv9bSO4p1UFiQDUuc9cco7KQE.qikQjvO4cKqrkUgu89imvINeyQkdtxjdf6rhskCtMkOK_ggkDOjHGFr70EUm356.nWB6UlCm_6zO2MpfogsuGoARZY_UCuquH7iq6kG9GZTI2YPNyV6nni1FewNk578mDa80qyFt0uUOXp9EEfGbdAQUtmLWT41Ff.gwMu._dBejqqd4ZwnDvGQVEzgZt_xxdeqvOzTzbEY1l.osuczkRjM565rrObnps7kJ5ih6_UELOsXrqj_XiecM_nHpm9Xchec40POUeHg33NowtKiAIv18gfbf0EsDAA7NIgS9IivUpptXx7YNGUfbN1K4HZxJeK4g_MRhgoijSavl92_O0m.7BcR63UWZeNSepILSfCr2w4BCGcTTMyKnrSsXM69lVbv93638UZoE1XFAx38feQVgjpi7Uid4QCspjMn1.egLUaCK2DhZAmThpVtAm.LmbAUX6a16w_U4",mdrd: "WQuEVpLJF5M89.fhqXptIAdkgemg6lr1fIGB0YFIY_E-1732398854-1.2.1.1-pXCKdBLn_5lY1K2LMOTYCyrI3JIvEno9QCNpF8NUVQfVWQ4bMG0I18I1ctYxqZQk0o0bgTgsCP29HYOzECoQY9nHDa1al12kgPR.mKRCxvlUylsSJdiZ9Te6cXh2I4XfXNdaCsH9anxe2LR4YWYPOfnMPhMJezzeZbu_kPjr_y30EAcr.GjPbXOpsDwH1XiOqlG1Mzh1gHwVcN41ScqXuMPI5ENzbGaI3JILQRiJuHxiCyEofM8GtooIaoiGBNJYGBo21wfvHV7BqOg3U5rsJgk0mGW.ghhM8WpJlJ_3f1Lzy29y55w7eS8zXs1ZqyXMTu_ZIGfob6CDrvToFCZ8ISM_zD2AxgylPv71gqJ6V08mIcAc4v5lPREC7DuyBqhjAXzgMHP5Xe95WUeV_qlmD.Q1OsHTlgIxsx4k4KWzy5n8TCkINBgCDD2KGRl1Tqqm1PQYGIDC._y8oTPJ.Jt146owX5UTAz6zGPmZaAdO0PAWBEPJ8uuZqBvWh0yFH5eqJcDbcetbl0hnzMNs31a2OgmQwxDFYv4qEvACSrzbYuO3WRkifp6tctjsCfvttdrcWgB44gWWXsEaQUhj14qZj6os2tS83YjjDGhzQeOyItV8z29h34Yg.EqV66.BJSdsgSdPCECZu4wgLSa7SkGNJkoFFJgxlMZCaQgN.GDQPZ.K6yRHL5xGq42cARaMdKvJFf5bjJJi5vxDYww2RiVsx_KsvF7TghP0edkDVoEUfeCMzkfepthKe7pKfgA8I0GFby.X26gFlKnRJk1f_d70AyyxB6bJSJEjRWSjV8QYm24qC4Bast_rpqOUzoWe.tQ71L2FV8D4Ops5BRsiz5OY_e3adWnR.pZl6IViedjLGmyMWzyEgL8tmteH16JiqzmACwx16ZzcM1Qj4_cL8BG1uTCZFXIMvr13nvikTsvQ62vpKYwRrcwSZzW4Y7wie5hlNIGDX011X.kBnWk2ZR64W44sEMxbIk7TpQWjmA89.rEJzuk4HDEEVlkeKIQ89ftgF35iOXQoepv5BNl1ExkyMb7xmafqsT55RlT6IUu1eAwRk1IwfUy4O5Qg_FlihI.KtS_aUFj2J62vRKZqoo7OggrRuoq_ADS4V6IIp8pz0iiD2tzVlFa5wv4fewESYuLPMYeeIwkmwRYmkykIT8lz3dCdt5Xha2FQpuin02tXBmJPVrC4X6pVMBBAeXhsttFBZ63WhxLwNDsDM0myr7xmPNZchbeR3DBAydChp8CExV5pFvGpjjHJ5vyKbFfeNF0CxDDySbPL73IwuC3x_E._1_BuLotLlG5cyXTRLMyhsbb0_.LhhPkyYvwvDocDce5v01T3Bq81bsQ_5.pOu1Wcv8gaqhCoMb.fRDMRuhcD4XdBFAQdZd1HMFeitvBQLsoANMNUioLqAJfBNKuLi0VBFYmw1RQn93jw0RB2vxh4TNd68ZhZEuAfBfRU6ZfNlOR4qfYYBxhJY3MB0vUMgfsRod2iQYLM11ZulBVXoYX6tE30Fil_bF7iP8Y6r9EAMKkaR9snk4Tz8_LO_xg7RRFdBBpRD_wo.eUhWUks4ZM.aMNru8z9C0ts3Nn0M915fUnOB8TaHe_ITP2TmvWtBvWeGPnosK2bCgOTIQ2f_ecs6MTrkNVNF0snE1uWXnXfPc6Zh5sk2w07z.TwCdQhqGTRf9uxu8Ud_l3gYYe2d.x7gY.MF3Z8cBaRaHNQyHNeAyYVPb40PmqsGmS67yQtMgXCdvdv3X7Xmcv8q7c1e7v1HDuBfwW8XkLWXuEZrMT0nZ_xmASR3gkWLTfIC2Vhh_R5HBjn1Z05EUrLi_zSq871Rzu86LFWHaGtEhdxtn9GaAD38vX8dTqf3c7HZTRQLZw4LhHe0Gc._n9Q.8Mt68llkzeLVnFzt_nOkYf5JYCpTW1HXf7pheBg0UIlgiXc17OLgflwrgxJf3tskp7qyzE1GLw3IRR7WcuELETDkJwd4IIbxFLgcELDgvCwYHu3T0LSK5Wv1ek3W_G.i_4FrnbA9YI"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e74658b3a6ba8df';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1029\/2000JD900209?__cf_chl_rt_tk=U2RYz1oII3IwwFuaEKYuSOOhwNCT1rHJa5GsHCK_ehY-1732398854-1.0.1.1-IsqpHDJ9fJjf4apxCfISmwuAKQAL46rW5klQpef8qSI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>