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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.categoryTree.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.LanguagesAndScripts%2CPalette%2CSite&only=styles&skin=vector"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" 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href="//en.wiktionary.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wiktionary Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-abase rootpage-abase skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">abase</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#English">1 English</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Etymology">1.1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pronunciation">1.2 Pronunciation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Verb">1.3 Verb</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Synonyms">1.3.1 Synonyms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Antonyms">1.3.2 Antonyms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Derived_terms">1.3.3 Derived terms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Related_terms">1.3.4 Related terms</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Translations">1.3.5 Translations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#See_also">1.3.6 See also</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#References">1.4 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Further_reading">1.5 Further reading</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Ido">2 Ido</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Etymology_2">2.1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Pronunciation_2">2.2 Pronunciation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Interjection">2.3 Interjection</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Scots">3 Scots</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Verb_2">3.1 Verb</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#References_2">3.2 References</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English">English</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: English">edit</a>]</div> <div class="was-wotd floatright" style="padding-right: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Word_of_the_day/Archive/2018/September#22" title="Wiktionary:Word of the day/Archive/2018/September">WOTD – 22 September 2018</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> From Late <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English" class="extiw" title="w:Middle English">Middle English</a> <a href="/wiki/abaishen#Middle_English" title="abaishen">abaishen</a>, <a href="/wiki/abashen#Middle_English" title="abashen">abashen</a>, <a href="/wiki/abaisse#Middle_English" title="abaisse">abaisse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=abassen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="abassen (page does not exist)">abassen</a>, <a href="/wiki/abesse#Middle_English" title="abesse">abesse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=abessen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="abessen (page does not exist)">abessen</a> (“to be upset; to embarrass; to surprise; to confound; to bend down, stoop; to abase, degrade, disgrace”), from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_French" class="extiw" title="w:Middle French">Middle French</a> <a href="/wiki/abaisser#Middle_French" title="abaisser">abaisser</a>, from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_French" class="extiw" title="w:Old French">Old French</a> <a href="/wiki/abaissier#Old_French" title="abaissier">abaissier</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=abessier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="abessier (page does not exist)">abessier</a> (“to prostrate oneself; to lower, reduce”) (also compare <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_French" class="extiw" title="w:Old French">Old French</a> <a href="/wiki/esbahir#Old_French" title="esbahir">esbahir</a> (“to amaze”), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=abbassiare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="abbassiare (page does not exist)">abbassiāre</a> (“to lower”)),<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> from <a href="/wiki/a-#Old_French" title="a-">a-</a> (prefix indicating movement towards something) (from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Latin">Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/ad#Latin" title="ad">ad</a> (“toward, to”), ultimately from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" class="extiw" title="w:Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82%C3%A9d" title="Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éd">*h₂éd</a> (“at, to”)) + <a href="/wiki/baissier#Old_French" title="baissier">baissier</a> (“to lower”) (from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Latin" class="extiw" title="w:Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/bassus#Latin" title="bassus">bassus</a> (“short of stature, low; base”), possibly from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="w:Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" title="βάσις">βᾰ́σῐς</a> (básis, “foot; base, foundation”), ultimately from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" class="extiw" title="w:Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European</a> <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/g%CA%B7em-" title="Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷem-">*gʷem-</a> (“to step”)).<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-SOED-3">[3]</a> The spelling of the English word has been influenced by <a href="/wiki/base#English" title="base">base</a>, thus ostensibly analyzable as <a href="/wiki/a-#English" title="a-">a-</a> (“towards”) +‎ <a href="/wiki/base#English" title="base">base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> There exist verb cognates in galloromance languages such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_language" class="extiw" title="w:Catalan language">Catalan</a> <a href="/wiki/abaixar#Catalan" title="abaixar">abaixar</a> (“lower; abase”) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan_language" class="extiw" title="w:Occitan language">Occitan</a> <a href="/wiki/abaissar#Occitan" title="abaissar">abaissar</a>, and similar word construction in other romance languages as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language" class="extiw" title="w:Spanish language">Spanish</a> <a href="/wiki/abajo#Spanish" title="abajo">abajo</a> (“down, downstairs; below”). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation">Pronunciation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pronunciation">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" class="extiw" title="w:Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_American_English" class="extiw" title="w:General American English">General American</a>) <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:English_pronunciation" title="Appendix:English pronunciation">key</a>): /əˈbeɪs/</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r50165410">.mw-parser-output .k-player .k-attribution{visibility:hidden}</style><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_American_English" class="extiw" title="w:General American English">General American</a>):</td><td class="audiofile"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="en-us-abase.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/En-us-abase.ogg/En-us-abase.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:en-us-abase.ogg" title="File:en-us-abase.ogg">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r50165410"><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_English" class="extiw" title="w:Canadian English">Canada</a>):</td><td class="audiofile"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="1" data-mwtitle="en-ca-abase.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/En-ca-abase.ogg/En-ca-abase.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:en-ca-abase.ogg" title="File:en-ca-abase.ogg">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r50165410"><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; list-style: none; line-height: 1em; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0;"><tbody><tr><td>Audio (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_English_phonology" class="extiw" title="w:Australian English phonology">General Australian</a>):</td><td class="audiofile"><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="175" style="width:175px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="en-au-abase.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/En-au-abase.ogg/En-au-abase.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></td><td class="audiometa" style="font-size: 80%;">(<a href="/wiki/File:en-au-abase.ogg" title="File:en-au-abase.ogg">file</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table></li> <li>Rhymes: <a href="/wiki/Rhymes:English/e%C9%AAs" title="Rhymes:English/eɪs">-eɪs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#homophone" title="Appendix:Glossary">Homophone</a>: <a href="/wiki/abaisse#English" title="abaisse">abaisse</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verb">Verb</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Verb">edit</a>]</div> abase (third-person singular simple present <a href="/wiki/abases#English" title="abases">abases</a>, present participle <a href="/wiki/abasing#English" title="abasing">abasing</a>, simple past and past participle <a href="/wiki/abased#English" title="abased">abased</a>) <ol><li>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#transitive" title="Appendix:Glossary">transitive</a>) To <a href="/wiki/lower#Verb" title="lower">lower</a>, as in <a href="/wiki/condition#Noun" title="condition">condition</a> in <a href="/wiki/life" title="life">life</a>, <a href="/wiki/office" title="office">office</a>, <a href="/wiki/rank#Noun" title="rank">rank</a>, etc., so as to <a href="/wiki/cause#Verb" title="cause">cause</a> <a href="/wiki/pain#Noun" title="pain">pain</a> or <a href="/wiki/hurt#Verb" title="hurt">hurt</a> <a href="/wiki/feelings" title="feelings">feelings</a>; to <a href="/wiki/degrade" title="degrade">degrade</a>, to <a href="/wiki/depress" title="depress">depress</a>, to <a href="/wiki/humble#Verb" title="humble">humble</a>, to <a href="/wiki/humiliate" title="humiliate">humiliate</a>. [from c. 1350–1470]<a href="#cite_note-SOED-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><div class="citation-whole">1611, <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bible" class="extiw" title="w:Bible">The Holy Bible, [<span title="Conteyning the Old Testament, and the New. Newly Translated out of the Originall Tongues: & with the Former Translations Diligently Compared and Reuised, by His Maiesties Speciall Comandement. Appointed to be Read in Churches.">…]</a></cite> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_Version" class="extiw" title="w:King James Version">King James Version</a>), London: […] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Barker_(printer)" class="extiw" title="w:Robert Barker (printer)">Robert Barker</a>, […], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/964384981">→OCLC</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" class="extiw" title="w:Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/Bible1611/Binder1#page/n1303/mode/1up">14:11</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">For whoſoeuer exalteth himſelfe ſhalbe abaſed: and hee that humbleth himſelfe, ſhalbe exalted.</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1657, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ball_(Puritan)" class="extiw" title="w:John Ball (Puritan)">John Ball</a>, “By Faith a True Believer may be Certain and Infallibly Assured of the Remission of His Sins and Eternal Salvation”, in <cite>A Treatise of Faith: Divided into Two Parts: The First Shewing the Nature, the Second, the Life of Faith. […]</cite>, 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for Edward Brewster, […], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/951968144">→OCLC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xSxYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA106">page 106</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">Our adverſaries object againe, that by praying that Chriſts merits may be made ours in particular, we greatly abaſe them. As though the Prophet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" class="extiw" title="w:David">David</a> did abaſe God in making him his in particular, ſaying, the Lord is my rock, my fortreſſe, my God, and my ſtrength, my ſhield, the horne of my ſalvation, and my refuge: […]</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1868 December, T. W., “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laozi" class="extiw" title="w:Laozi">Lao-Tzu</a>. 老子: A Study in Chinese Philosophy.”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Recorder_and_Missionary_Journal" class="extiw" title="w:Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal">The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal</a></cite>, volume I, number 8, Foochow: Printed by Rozario, Marçal & Co., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/974475719">→OCLC</a>, chapter VI (Politics), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u8kWAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA8">page 158</a>, column 2:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">When a large kingdom abases itself to a small principality, it acquires that principality, and when a small state abases itself to a large one, it obtains service (or protection) under the large one. It is for this purpose that the small state submits, and the large kingdom annexes the small states for the purpose of uniting and maintaining the people.</div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#transitive" title="Appendix:Glossary">transitive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#archaic" title="Appendix:Glossary">archaic</a>) To lower <a href="/wiki/physically" title="physically">physically</a>; to <a href="/wiki/depress" title="depress">depress</a>; to <a href="/wiki/cast#Verb" title="cast">cast</a> or <a href="/wiki/throw#Verb" title="throw">throw</a> down; to <a href="/wiki/stoop#Verb" title="stoop">stoop</a>. [from c. 1350–1470]<a href="#cite_note-SOED-3">[3]</a> <dl><dd><div class="h-usage-example collocation">to abase the eye</div></dd></dl> <ul><li><div class="citation-whole">1590, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" class="extiw" title="w:Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>, “Book II, Canto II”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene" class="extiw" title="w:The Faerie Queene">The Faerie Queene. […]</a></cite>, London: […] [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wolfe_(printer)" class="extiw" title="w:John Wolfe (printer)">John Wolfe</a>] for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ponsonby_(publisher)" class="extiw" title="w:William Ponsonby (publisher)">William Ponsonbie</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/960102938">→OCLC</a>, stanza 32, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/faeriequeenedispo00spen/page/214/mode/1up">page 214</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">Her gracious words their rancour did appall, / And ſuncke ſo deepe into their boyling breſts, / That downe they lett their cruel weapons fall, / And lowly did abaſe their lofty creſts, / To her faire preſence, and diſcrete beheſts.</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1612–1620, [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" class="extiw" title="w:Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a>], “Of that which Befell to Our Knight, after He had Departed from the Inne”, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Shelton_(translator)" class="extiw" title="w:Thomas Shelton (translator)">Thomas Shelton</a>, transl., <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" class="extiw" title="w:Don Quixote">The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […]</a></cite>, London: […] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stansby" class="extiw" title="w:William Stansby">William Stansby</a>, for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Blount" class="extiw" title="w:Edward Blount">Ed[ward] Blount</a> and W. Barret, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/84747867">→OCLC</a>, part 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dgCNj8Bo1e8C&pg=PA30">page 30</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">[A]ll of you together ſhall pay for the great blaſphemy thou haſt ſpoken againſt ſo immenſe a beautie, as is that of my Miſtreſſe. And ſaying ſo, he abaſed his <a href="/wiki/lance#English" title="lance">Launce</a> againſt him that had anſwered with ſuch furie and anger, as if good fortune had not ſo ordayned it, that Rozinante ſhould ſtumble, and fal in the midst of the Carrier, it had gone very ill with the bold Merchant.</div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#transitive" title="Appendix:Glossary">transitive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appendix:Glossary#obsolete" title="Appendix:Glossary">obsolete</a>) To lower in <a href="/wiki/value#Noun" title="value">value</a>, in particular by <a href="/wiki/alter" title="alter">altering</a> the <a href="/wiki/content#Noun" title="content">content</a> of <a href="/wiki/alloy#Noun" title="alloy">alloys</a> in <a href="/wiki/coin#Noun" title="coin">coins</a>; to <a href="/wiki/debase" title="debase">debase</a>. [from mid 16th – mid 18th c.]<a href="#cite_note-SOED-3">[3]</a> <ul><li><div class="citation-whole">1629 February 12, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Donne" class="extiw" title="w:John Donne">John Donne</a>, “Sermon CXXXVI. A Lent Sermon Preached to the King, at Whitehall, February 12, 1629”, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Alford" class="extiw" title="w:Henry Alford">Henry Alford</a>, editor, <cite>The Works of John Donne, D.D., Dean of St. Paul’s, 1621–1631. […] In Six Volumes</cite>, volume V, London: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Parker" class="extiw" title="w:John William Parker">John W[illiam] Parker</a>, […], published 1839, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/23805845">→OCLC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ENQOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA450">page 450</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">Though in the nature thereof, that with which a purer metal is mixed, be not base; yet, it abases the purer metal. […] [T]hough silver be a precious metal, yet it abases gold. Grace, and peace, and faith, are precious parts of our treasure here; yet, if we mingle them, that is, compare them with the joys, and glory of heaven; […] we abase, and over-alloy these joys, and that glory.</div></dd></dl></div></li> <li><div class="citation-whole">1840, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Ruding" class="extiw" title="w:Rogers Ruding">Rogers Ruding</a>, “Elizabeth”, in <cite>Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain and Its Dependencies; from the Earliest Period of Authentic History to the Reign of Victoria</cite>, 3rd corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed for John Hearne, […], by Manning and Mason, […], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/317419051">→OCLC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1hDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA341">page 341</a>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">[H]er majesty [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="extiw" title="w:Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>] let them all to understand, that she never intended (God's grace assisting her) to leese the fruit of so famous an act, by abasing the coin of the realm, which she found to be for the more part copper, and had now recovered it to be as fine, or rather finer, sterling silver, than ever it was in the realm by the space of two hundred years or more; a matter worth marking and memory.</div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Synonyms">Synonyms</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Synonyms">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings): <a href="/wiki/degrade#English" title="degrade">degrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/demean#English" title="demean">demean</a>, <a href="/wiki/depress#English" title="depress">depress</a>, <a href="/wiki/discredit#English" title="discredit">discredit</a>, <a href="/wiki/disgrace#English" title="disgrace">disgrace</a>, <a href="/wiki/dishonor#English" title="dishonor">dishonor</a>, <a href="/wiki/humble#English" title="humble">humble</a>, <a href="/wiki/humiliate#English" title="humiliate">humiliate</a>, <a href="/wiki/sink#English" title="sink">sink</a></li> <li>(to lower physically): <a href="/wiki/bring_down#English" title="bring down">bring down</a>, <a href="/wiki/lower#English" title="lower">lower</a>, <a href="/wiki/reduce#English" title="reduce">reduce</a></li> <li>(to lower in value): <a href="/wiki/downgrade#English" title="downgrade">downgrade</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antonyms">Antonyms</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Antonyms">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(antonym(s) of “to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings”): <a href="/wiki/aggrandise#English" title="aggrandise">aggrandise</a>, <a href="/wiki/dignify#English" title="dignify">dignify</a>, <a href="/wiki/elevate#English" title="elevate">elevate</a>, <a href="/wiki/exalt#English" title="exalt">exalt</a>, <a href="/wiki/extol#English" title="extol">extol</a>, <a href="/wiki/honor#English" title="honor">honor</a>, <a href="/wiki/promote#English" title="promote">promote</a>, <a href="/wiki/raise#English" title="raise">raise</a>, <a href="/wiki/uplift#English" title="uplift">uplift</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Derived_terms">Derived terms</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Derived terms">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/abasedly#English" title="abasedly">abasedly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/abasement#English" title="abasement">abasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/abaser#English" title="abaser">abaser</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Related_terms">Related terms</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Related terms">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/abash#English" title="abash">abash</a></li></ul> <div class="derivedterms CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":20,"hideprefix":10,"showcount":true,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*gʷem-" aria-expanded="false"></a> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*g%CA%B7em-" title="Category:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-">English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-</a></bdi> (0 c, 50 e)</div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Translations">Translations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Translations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-to_lower_so_as_to_cause_pain_or_hurt_feelings"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="to lower so as to cause pain or hurt feelings"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r81584270">.mw-parser-output .translations{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .translations-cell{background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightyellow,#FFFFe0);vertical-align:top;text-align:left}</style> <ul><li>Arabic: <a href="/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%84#Arabic" title="ذل">ذَلّ</a> (ḏall) <dl><dd>Egyptian Arabic: <a href="/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%84#Egyptian_Arabic" title="ذل">ذل</a> (zall)</dd></dl></li> <li>Bulgarian: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="унижавам (page does not exist)">унижа́вам</a> <a href="https://bg.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="bg:унижавам">(bg)</a> <abbr title="imperfective aspect">impf</abbr> (unižávam), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="понижавам (page does not exist)">понижа́вам</a> <a href="https://bg.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="bg:понижавам">(bg)</a> <abbr title="imperfective aspect">impf</abbr> (ponižávam)</li> <li>Catalan: <a href="/wiki/humiliar#Catalan" title="humiliar">humiliar</a> <a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/humiliar" class="extiw" title="ca:humiliar">(ca)</a></li> <li>Chinese: <dl><dd>Mandarin: <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%9E%E8%BE%B1#Mandarin" title="羞辱">羞辱</a> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BE%9E%E8%BE%B1" class="extiw" title="zh:羞辱">(zh)</a> (xiūrǔ), <a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B6%E4%BD%8E#Mandarin" title="貶低">貶低</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AC%E4%BD%8E#Mandarin" title="贬低">贬低</a> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B6%E4%BD%8E" class="extiw" title="zh:貶低">(zh)</a> (biǎndī)</dd></dl></li> <li>Czech: <a href="/wiki/pon%C3%AD%C5%BEit#Czech" title="ponížit">ponížit</a> <abbr title="perfective aspect">pf</abbr>, <a href="/wiki/poko%C5%99it#Czech" title="pokořit">pokořit</a> <abbr title="perfective aspect">pf</abbr></li> <li>Danish: <a href="/w/index.php?title=ydmyge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ydmyge (page does not exist)">ydmyge</a></li> <li>Dutch: <a href="/wiki/vernederen#Dutch" title="vernederen">vernederen</a> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/vernederen" class="extiw" title="nl:vernederen">(nl)</a>, <a href="/wiki/kleineren#Dutch" title="kleineren">kleineren</a> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/kleineren" class="extiw" title="nl:kleineren">(nl)</a></li> <li>Finnish: <a href="/wiki/alentaa#Finnish" title="alentaa">alentaa</a> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/alentaa" class="extiw" title="fi:alentaa">(fi)</a> (in rank); <a href="/wiki/n%C3%B6yryytt%C3%A4%C3%A4#Finnish" title="nöyryyttää">nöyryyttää</a> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%C3%B6yryytt%C3%A4%C3%A4" class="extiw" title="fi:nöyryyttää">(fi)</a> (to hurt)</li> <li>French: <a href="/wiki/baisser#French" title="baisser">baisser</a> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/baisser" class="extiw" title="fr:baisser">(fr)</a>, <a href="/wiki/abaisser#French" title="abaisser">abaisser</a> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/abaisser" class="extiw" title="fr:abaisser">(fr)</a>, <a href="/wiki/rabaisser#French" title="rabaisser">rabaisser</a> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/rabaisser" class="extiw" title="fr:rabaisser">(fr)</a>, <a href="/wiki/humilier#French" title="humilier">humilier</a> <a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/humilier" class="extiw" title="fr:humilier">(fr)</a></li> <li>Galician: <a href="/wiki/rebaixar#Galician" title="rebaixar">rebaixar</a> <a href="https://gl.wiktionary.org/wiki/rebaixar" class="extiw" title="gl:rebaixar">(gl)</a></li> <li>German: <a href="/wiki/erniedrigen#German" title="erniedrigen">erniedrigen</a> <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/erniedrigen" class="extiw" title="de:erniedrigen">(de)</a></li> <li>Gothic: <a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD#Gothic" title="𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽">𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽</a> (<a href="/wiki/haunjan#Gothic" title="haunjan">haunjan</a>)</li> <li>Greek: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B6%CF%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="εξευτελίζω (page does not exist)">εξευτελίζω</a> <a href="https://el.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B6%CF%89" class="extiw" title="el:εξευτελίζω">(el)</a> (exeftelízo)</li> <li>Icelandic: <a href="/wiki/au%C3%B0m%C3%BDkja#Icelandic" title="auðmýkja">auðmýkja</a>, <a href="/wiki/ni%C3%B0url%C3%A6gja#Icelandic" title="niðurlægja">niðurlægja</a></li> <li>Ido: <a href="/wiki/abasar#Ido" title="abasar">abasar</a> <a href="https://io.wiktionary.org/wiki/abasar" class="extiw" title="io:abasar">(io)</a></li> <li>Interlingua: <a href="/wiki/abassar#Interlingua" title="abassar">abassar</a> <a href="https://ia.wiktionary.org/wiki/abassar" class="extiw" title="ia:abassar">(ia)</a></li> <li>Irish: <a href="/wiki/uir%C3%ADsligh#Irish" title="uirísligh">uirísligh</a></li> <li>Italian: <a href="/wiki/degradare#Italian" title="degradare">degradare</a> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/degradare" class="extiw" title="it:degradare">(it)</a>, <a href="/wiki/umiliare#Italian" title="umiliare">umiliare</a> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/umiliare" class="extiw" title="it:umiliare">(it)</a>, <a href="/wiki/abbassare#Italian" title="abbassare">abbassare</a> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/abbassare" class="extiw" title="it:abbassare">(it)</a></li> <li>Japanese: <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E3%81%97%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B#Japanese" title="卑しめる">卑しめる</a> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E3%81%97%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:卑しめる">(ja)</a> (iyashimeru), <a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B6%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B#Japanese" title="貶める">貶める</a> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B2%B6%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:貶める">(ja)</a> (otoshimeru), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%8B%E3%81%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格下げ (page does not exist)">格下げする</a> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%8B%E3%81%92" class="extiw" title="ja:格下げ">(ja)</a> (kakusage suru), <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E4%B8%8B#Japanese" title="卑下">卑下する</a> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E4%B8%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:卑下">(ja)</a> (hige suru)</li> <li>Korean: <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%AE%EC%B6%94%EB%8B%A4#Korean" title="낮추다">낮추다</a> <a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%82%AE%EC%B6%94%EB%8B%A4" class="extiw" title="ko:낮추다">(ko)</a> (natchuda)</li> <li>Macedonian: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="понизува (page does not exist)">пони́зува</a> <abbr title="imperfective aspect">impf</abbr> (ponízuva)</li> <li>Manx: <a href="/wiki/injillee#Manx" title="injillee">injillee</a></li> <li>Maori: <a href="/w/index.php?title=whakap%C4%81paku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="whakapāpaku (page does not exist)">whakapāpaku</a></li> <li>Norwegian: <a href="/w/index.php?title=fornedre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="fornedre (page does not exist)">fornedre</a>, <a href="/wiki/ydmyke#Norwegian" title="ydmyke">ydmyke</a> <a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/ydmyke" class="extiw" title="no:ydmyke">(no)</a></li> <li>Persian: (please <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Translations#Translations_to_be_checked" title="Wiktionary:Translations">verify</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="خود را خوار شمردن (page does not exist)">خود را خوار شمردن</a>, (please <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Translations#Translations_to_be_checked" title="Wiktionary:Translations">verify</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="خود را کوچک کردن (page does not exist)">خود را کوچک کردن</a></li> <li>Portuguese: <a href="/wiki/rebaixar#Portuguese" title="rebaixar">rebaixar</a> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/rebaixar" class="extiw" title="pt:rebaixar">(pt)</a>, <a href="/wiki/humilhar#Portuguese" title="humilhar">humilhar</a> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/humilhar" class="extiw" title="pt:humilhar">(pt)</a>, <a href="/wiki/abater#Portuguese" title="abater">abater</a> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/abater" class="extiw" title="pt:abater">(pt)</a>, <a href="/wiki/abaixar#Portuguese" title="abaixar">abaixar</a> <a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/abaixar" class="extiw" title="pt:abaixar">(pt)</a></li> <li>Romanian: <a href="/wiki/umili#Romanian" title="umili">umili</a> <a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/umili" class="extiw" title="ro:umili">(ro)</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%AEnjosi#Romanian" title="înjosi">înjosi</a> <a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%AEnjosi" class="extiw" title="ro:înjosi">(ro)</a></li> <li>Russian: <a href="/wiki/%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian" title="унижать">унижа́ть</a> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:унижать">(ru)</a> <abbr title="imperfective aspect">impf</abbr> (unižátʹ), <a href="/wiki/%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C#Russian" title="унизить">уни́зить</a> <a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:унизить">(ru)</a> <abbr title="perfective aspect">pf</abbr> (unízitʹ)</li> <li>Samoan: <a href="/wiki/fa%27amaulalo#Samoan" title="fa'amaulalo">fa'amaulalo</a></li> <li>Spanish: <a href="/wiki/rebajar#Spanish" title="rebajar">rebajar</a> <a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/rebajar" class="extiw" title="es:rebajar">(es)</a>, <a href="/wiki/degradar#Spanish" title="degradar">degradar</a> <a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/degradar" class="extiw" title="es:degradar">(es)</a>, <a href="/wiki/humillar#Spanish" title="humillar">humillar</a> <a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/humillar" class="extiw" title="es:humillar">(es)</a></li> <li>Vietnamese: (please <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Translations#Translations_to_be_checked" title="Wiktionary:Translations">verify</a>) <a href="/wiki/l%C3%A0m#Vietnamese" title="làm">làm</a> <a href="/wiki/h%E1%BA%A1#Vietnamese" title="hạ">hạ</a> <a href="/wiki/ph%E1%BA%A9m_gi%C3%A1#Vietnamese" title="phẩm giá">phẩm giá</a>, (please <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Translations#Translations_to_be_checked" title="Wiktionary:Translations">verify</a>) làm <a href="/wiki/m%E1%BA%A5t#Vietnamese" title="mất">mất</a> <a href="/wiki/th%E1%BB%83_di%E1%BB%87n#Vietnamese" title="thể diện">thể diện</a>, (please <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:Translations#Translations_to_be_checked" title="Wiktionary:Translations">verify</a>) <a href="/wiki/nh%E1%BB%A5c#Vietnamese" title="nhục">làm nhục</a> <a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/nh%E1%BB%A5c" class="extiw" title="vi:nhục">(vi)</a></li> <li>Welsh: <a href="/w/index.php?title=darostwng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="darostwng (page does not exist)">darostwng</a> <a href="https://cy.wiktionary.org/wiki/darostwng" class="extiw" title="cy:darostwng">(cy)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=iselhau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="iselhau (page does not exist)">iselhau</a> <a href="https://cy.wiktionary.org/wiki/iselhau" class="extiw" title="cy:iselhau">(cy)</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="NavFrame" id="Translations-to_lower_physically"><div class="NavHead" style="text-align:left">to lower physically</div><div class="NavContent"><table class="translations" role="presentation" data-gloss="to lower physically"><tbody><tr><td class="translations-cell multicolumn-list" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r81584270"> <ul><li>Chinese: <dl><dd>Hokkien: <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E4%BD%8E#Hokkien" title="降低">降低</a> <a href="https://zh-min-nan.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E4%BD%8E" class="extiw" title="zh-min-nan:降低">(zh-min-nan)</a> (kàng-kē)</dd> <dd>Mandarin: <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E4%BD%8E#Mandarin" title="降低">降低</a> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E4%BD%8E" class="extiw" title="zh:降低">(zh)</a> (jiàngdī)</dd></dl></li> <li>Dutch: <a href="/wiki/neerhalen#Dutch" title="neerhalen">neerhalen</a> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/neerhalen" class="extiw" title="nl:neerhalen">(nl)</a>, <a href="/wiki/strijken#Dutch" title="strijken">strijken</a> <a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/strijken" class="extiw" title="nl:strijken">(nl)</a></li> <li>Finnish: <a href="/wiki/laskea#Finnish" title="laskea">laskea</a> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/laskea" class="extiw" title="fi:laskea">(fi)</a>, <a href="/wiki/alentaa#Finnish" title="alentaa">alentaa</a> <a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/alentaa" class="extiw" title="fi:alentaa">(fi)</a></li> <li>Italian: <a href="/wiki/abbassare#Italian" title="abbassare">abbassare</a> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/abbassare" class="extiw" title="it:abbassare">(it)</a></li> <li>Japanese: <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B#Japanese" title="下げる">下げる</a> <a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:下げる">(ja)</a> (sageru)</li> <li>Maori: <a href="/w/index.php?title=whakap%C4%81paku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="whakapāpaku (page does not exist)">whakapāpaku</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="See_also">See also</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/base#English" title="base">base</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"> ^ </a> “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary/MED22">abaishen, v.</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English_Dictionary" class="extiw" title="w:Middle English Dictionary">MED Online</a></cite>, Ann Arbor, Mich.: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan" class="extiw" title="w:University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, 2007, retrieved 28 May 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"> ^ </a> Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0550142304" title="Special:BookSources/0550142304">→ISBN</a>), page 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-SOED-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-SOED_3-0">3.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOED_3-1">3.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOED_3-2">3.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOED_3-3">3.3</a> Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abase”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorter_Oxford_English_Dictionary" class="extiw" title="w:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary">The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles</a></cite>, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="extiw" title="w:Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860457-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860457-0">→ISBN</a>, page 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"> ^ </a> “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/https://www.lexico.com/definition/abase">abase</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexico" class="extiw" title="w:Lexico">Lexico</a></cite>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary.com" class="extiw" title="w:Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="extiw" title="w:Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2019–2022. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/abase" title="w:abase"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/15px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/23px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/abase" class="extiw" title="w:abase">abase (disambiguation)</a> on Wikipedia.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/abase" class="extiw" title="w:abase">Wikipedia </a></li> <li>“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://triggs.djvu.org/century-dictionary.com/nph-chw.php?query=abase&type=dicts">abase</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_Dictionary" class="extiw" title="w:Century Dictionary">The Century Dictionary […]</a></cite>, New York, N.Y.: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Century_Company" class="extiw" title="w:The Century Company">The Century Co.</a>, 1911, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/867766587">→OCLC</a>.</li> <li>“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.websters1913.com/words/Abase">abase</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary#Webster's_New_International_Dictionary_1909" class="extiw" title="w:Webster's Dictionary">Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary</a></cite>, Springfield, Mass.: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster" class="extiw" title="w:Merriam-Webster">G. & C. Merriam</a>, 1913, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/800618302">→OCLC</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ido">Ido</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ido">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology_2">Etymology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> From <a href="/wiki/abas#Ido" title="abas">abas</a> +‎ <a href="/wiki/-e#Ido:_adverb" title="-e">-e</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronunciation_2">Pronunciation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pronunciation">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary:International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Wiktionary:International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ido_phonology" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Ido phonology">key</a>): /aˈba.se/</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interjection">Interjection</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Interjection">edit</a>]</div> abase <ol><li><a href="/wiki/down_with#English" title="down with">down with</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scots">Scots</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Scots">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verb_2">Verb</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Verb">edit</a>]</div> abase <ol><li>Alternative form of <a href="/wiki/abuise#Scots" title="abuise">abuise</a> <ul><li><div class="citation-whole">1898, <cite>Border Magazine</cite>:<dl><dd><div class="h-quotation">Mr Wellwood had never been known “tae abase puir folks' bairns.”<dl><dd>Mr Wellwood had never been known “to abuse poor people's children.”</dd></dl></div></dd></dl></div></li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References_2">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=abase&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dsl.ac.uk/results/abase">abase, v.</a>”, in <cite><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_the_Scots_Language" class="extiw" title="w:Dictionary of the Scots Language">The Dictionary of the Scots Language</a></cite>, Edinburgh: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Language_Dictionaries" class="extiw" title="w:Scottish Language Dictionaries">Scottish Language Dictionaries</a>, 2004–present, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/57069714">→OCLC</a>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=abase&oldid=81911450">https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=abase&oldid=81911450</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Proto-Indo-European" title="Category:English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European">English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_the_Proto-Indo-European_root_*g%CA%B7em-" title="Category:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-">English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷem-</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_inherited_from_Middle_English" title="Category:English terms inherited from Middle English">English terms inherited from Middle English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Middle_English" title="Category:English terms derived from Middle English">English terms derived from Middle English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Middle_French" title="Category:English terms derived from Middle French">English terms derived from Middle French</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Old_French" title="Category:English terms derived from Old French">English terms derived from Old French</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Latin" title="Category:English terms derived from Latin">English terms derived from Latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Medieval_Latin" title="Category:English terms derived from Medieval Latin">English terms derived from Medieval Latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_derived_from_Ancient_Greek" title="Category:English terms derived from Ancient Greek">English terms derived from Ancient Greek</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_prefixed_with_a-" title="Category:English terms prefixed with a-">English terms prefixed with a-</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_2-syllable_words" title="Category:English 2-syllable words">English 2-syllable words</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_with_IPA_pronunciation" title="Category:English terms with IPA pronunciation">English terms with IPA pronunciation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_with_audio_pronunciation" title="Category:English terms with audio pronunciation">English terms with audio pronunciation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rhymes:English/e%C9%AAs" title="Category:Rhymes:English/eɪs">Rhymes:English/eɪs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rhymes:English/e%C9%AAs/2_syllables" title="Category:Rhymes:English/eɪs/2 syllables">Rhymes:English/eɪs/2 syllables</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_with_homophones" title="Category:English terms with homophones">English terms with homophones</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_lemmas" title="Category:English lemmas">English lemmas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_verbs" title="Category:English verbs">English verbs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_transitive_verbs" title="Category:English transitive verbs">English transitive verbs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_with_quotations" title="Category:English terms with quotations">English terms with quotations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_with_archaic_senses" title="Category:English terms with archaic senses">English terms with archaic senses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_with_collocations" title="Category:English terms with collocations">English terms with collocations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_terms_with_obsolete_senses" title="Category:English 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lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/abase" title="abase – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="abase" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was 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