CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913673ecaa6fce55',cH: '70qQls5fCgs3YczrnGfAn0wcPBLev87CPHrYShA2tCA-1739802390-1.2.1.1-tzqospjlvPIOlDYtXn3x1OePFNV5V0uuRdotXvSBYNQTxnT4r5hZF0qTmJC8Psnw',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ibrahim%20Ali&__cf_chl_tk=16tbYDE0F9Gs6PX0cqwn.LeFXOnVEI5zlzjU5Qr04dw-1739802390-1.0.1.1-gZNVhux3vDl_f9_lk9XgdZMv2.sT30NjpmT.lpr_18U",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739802390',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ibrahim%20Ali&__cf_chl_f_tk=16tbYDE0F9Gs6PX0cqwn.LeFXOnVEI5zlzjU5Qr04dw-1739802390-1.0.1.1-gZNVhux3vDl_f9_lk9XgdZMv2.sT30NjpmT.lpr_18U",md: "z.LfmlS5BDhUB5S0njjz4N_yM9tnwSOgXTaXJAwMk54-1739802390-1.2.1.1-iW8USzAfhWZWit5zfzQ0OOLNBH89CkzP2C_Zt0ouTrUV4T.rRObTN.m6Fxi43Q9E9i7qOeJOR9JJGlRA_dcG7B7A_NmETydpQvLkYsoLWUk8..cWc3wArVxc_DQu9HgJgc.4iJykk2APqAcQqxXM3rBtKN_28eGa05aVUbcvD4z4M_20wgxkTgov5NcW7avyONOr1qs.hagyAHAqO6wiOVPPYHYIW6SQu_e_BHEhuUF_8oB5cdeBevZbrB.RUiqAFC0eH0aKiLGm041k2Pd8UTaQSsHB.vy3xSQxdD21YfK2P_JL55g5phiHuIe.HQr7gNy.IUAIaqjpv_2j0O_LnnsMZF4BRC.3IBQUADKFPqrnSGI9PnUj784Qxj8SqpzrMX1BTTLCVWv5Fp7CNCFu3ZhmrBBijok3bobbwJTH7IAE8lLtMpFlm7s3lETwwTeddxR718JKYp49iKuKTvI9GFjKaaOLkfo4QElcgNZZq8emp6.58cEmUpokWICj3umx4Rc..G51K2gU_niXkgnlbexQdhsQ_HAXZ9.4Bs23lfyWvFCLH23qrT7KrlF6qMQD2tC524aTO8bUw.qitJBuKTSMl9xGTi1weks.8mlbyJPPzizD_QvOa1xMEv6ZECr1cjsnr0kfHO0IbiIBz6v4jk44CexlHzcNdzjETqFMuRbTO4YqGF9Yj2T05EjBYcgL015.OAp3zxY9P6115VPQbX1umV1ewrLxthZ8CGUmGn.nsoq8uTbc423LX.I.DQZkCSdC.l.EG7IhF.Ao5qBos6DG0YPpW1P8tmeMo0SRgbKwkjHjza34xCvQanDglBgo8f7CfKkzSgVMGyUchNcd6aojOg7VOQIaAHT8y_nlfBwGM24_UFx8Dc3Zpr.bdE9oFv25yDH1Z5molhOCRn7PqKLaAyNNCqU6cBpJcHQkV4vPLovcpCf2y38yUnDtF43fSGG7jwXjI5bkWGo03juqPaduh9Dc_Tfe_IJTj2uVNuecX2QMkKCBvmeoG7.rmhR2_uODE.mTWA5cWZBmqYrPUDnaqw1yX4Os6kC93OBWp359WBumDN2h42X7glqv1TJQ55lCeFLMLp_MSSHfmIV0u.cE8BQkOIPeMMbjJo.ifOUx9A.nFVkIS.G2CiYy8XjJ8pHY4vB.mhoXZNA_3Pjb6Bxv0naeaO5NwmbD2dNjtmBrduQB5iwHeZrQpq2b5x_iiEBJWJswMYWjbPnqSRWxpo0J_eTBXhp3iXbS1l6RddNNQ6rbMFdVSRjJ4G4Knv7t9JAy6STyBoG0BgZh0kLOGUPe0BdwHZh2e0X1uprfF8dJlvmBhonLphboaKHyEnfrMCEZajERHpqUHr_F0lh5SvMMxES_vN2H9l447QMDsFITU3.Iowvkj4ffGZZxJxydmLy7Bt.d4s.N6IkdBJni5M5qPbmC7FMGAV2YhF2H2HoNdrzzQ1juV0oxytIGTcJBNRG78Plb.Xpb57cgil8f.rwHwXElpZZBShoZQ1Y1buo7E5XT4WOsmBQvn7OZ5Tb9ev9B1.iTlSIlNRgqi.r7P.RcQW.QBlyTcEKF2rft2bVTNck0YGa8CIVHOLIf1.4M0hFCvJYSeyqGYMg9wBmtmcD2GrOuMHScC9SDZ7tuj7Nz3L1uSm.gkIqhnV.WYgb9lDBHdZi8fkCoJf0xR8oo3dRKtmOYQoYuPxZCLD3RHcHjDRVznksjgQbXjNkAQP.9jsmbMJFDmTSpaCR3mumVGMm3dcNu7_kiRfxsVRfL9oAxRWoV5dRoIIlnewWp1f70GLR_1xN.FyN.HkI68UGJCMv920FTXYRi.uq3s0pUczxd8k6VayaCul1jxijezLYOwTySdgN5Bs0RO1qEkKYQ20JdOMyECniW64g4sROZ1Jtggkv0xI6gndsdruClhLWuReFdAFRGhZhqzoI0fUbFA1qDgVJiYeRz_mjZHNjVD_s",mdrd: "ObZuC1lchMyqACRcqEH3E2zOCKLzXhuQu8dwisTTtSQ-1739802390-1.2.1.1-kJUS1M7yutCb.jngpTAx17Rs31yci9Qy6.ys4xZeUowGRGITRmZE.xgmRMd5h_004jcRXgEpJnmv8g4jGPPAO2Sto7VTGUrRWn9p.P4A8hx98RYMadxSRwP_xGd.1Xtty.ZWlRYjl6DtYSuT_6qyODb6VW6UL_e8K7VSETUsy7KxO5ABmWw1EuWN.eYmhUC7G_LWj7EYE71Bunaoqg.L7OweM0AXfBW_68K673yJtePoYC67lAF3v5zHpazTlFdyeweUTpuwstY7FfzRxYIcwVIu9tdOtY5XjD.w2y42RNpExJ5D.2nfca8zRrIXYaf0enQCMimiekMqEFmvLWe.ZERA1dc2Qs23YzuMKiEbLSh70nllhxe38F2Hj.JMWhAe_DAu3qRq26MawXO_YmzLofEOMYK.oG997eGH41XU3MVh82AT5PGDG1L42Yl7c2BO3As6LQ.DmT_d0kHGXvIm4bmL9UImvg78VljU6w_HvKTCqo_VbEytr11yMOGW3PpecknNoZpPYMbU7JBxOpMTQMHAoN3PLHoh0RZlkycK.f4RQNbFS_WpIAdcr34hjS.kiUII3LbU.tmtH07mA_GwDcNb5_PIVqpbDvfnE3jgCaMNsojuVwinM1KICoWSc0B89F_P40j8KevT5s6x8TdO9GkQL365uRVDc_cH7KjBRiBBnSN27f_jmE.VOx9o12NjtY1yQfAixcvBCSHDtlkgoWPfTYY0nkI.A56k1FPcq1dRZodiccuYJQkNRWcgbvvgG9ogggczeyOHWbpt7VlUUXNPjuyXt9QpNvUzkVS.Mc5mXNJLEQoIuJxbJDzMOZ0q4LdwMl9cdlNJnMzomnZ4qqkPA7bfM8qjwMKjZdwc1dF_aSBD7w38.M7YvqPFZCbyr1XvuP1hYuNbitlhvce9gFqtZtR2uguRoD3Ywwkm3r09_FIP2fYLFhWp.QD9XyDeMdYTfeLnSyWhKwsf78H8C0Nl9GvG37WTTrxgwgxIP9_q0b4hC0HQExXC.HXOF31m.TJIUJboB.yCfWKNoysDJm8SiZvZDwT.fl7FofMt05073XfbfYeEaNbqfLK7IzD7r9BmD7kM.PsO7S8P_9QLmLuDhU2WM6jf_y3l3ubepEH4S_HHFyDB28x9.MMYBmz8f2Cu..9UaghZBTpXl_MPy4jplDaezozfHETZen9pBI0HkbXuAU.I5R9j7VeZo4biTTZe6DOyvSaRQkGc84lbULqD1jtOkHKaWsUuzmIv78v4.e8pUURG8ehQy0_QKQB7nZ7QR9U.lEyLuU5L4Hibg_9TLJtC0sEJfMV89GV.uaaTOF0X1H940jTHKH3VGY120txcd2Ke9kbSsdT1xqIArA0rVpy3RYmjsyE0mevcLwhDfatdhLsyF6eMz1u4kBWKnDJqKolT8kxQBEPxfztF7A14pHPYXFuoIvI1zhpbV2YQ5zuW0.5J5YNtzW7_hnC29e9uPovx2AynyBrN0exWj1VQz42UAF86L0XLLG_6RZfpkHEGRyLCQSX7fjIgpL16WAb1P0zhr.8lDTfIp1Pm02aSvja1GgDkFwi9WefUCEtWq8bZdhDTby5n_OxwGGgSep5AGJHZ5G13jLLb7dF.lCIjy82ejDGRNBgkNdS0k7DU8Ff34i8BHzNjNmWJHrSOg5ibaPEz4it0RN.Dmt6Se7WmOSGtI5XijdO1CCMMHEhq9HVK1GMiubF3WBSbYgB31Mpu12sCE7STE_snEwCcXw8thNA6V.FeUcg9j6eNGMSk998KNaM50oZAisyeajcdoXVAexs30jGsEzBKP_cEU.as2Fr_dTwlBgqL2mGnhfpdZ_rfr.njSLMITdJf1SAxl1kzU6hgcqXsPQBFgVyxwyZ1CABrsOxKJqStqEibMzBIN33sabNByAgAdM1bTs2biR2oslWX.kFuDPjS.INMTSgmEdg9B7OSKejsSO._yl8V7T4tTlS7m44h5Vm4YCOj"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913673ecaa6fce55';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Ibrahim%20Ali&__cf_chl_rt_tk=16tbYDE0F9Gs6PX0cqwn.LeFXOnVEI5zlzjU5Qr04dw-1739802390-1.0.1.1-gZNVhux3vDl_f9_lk9XgdZMv2.sT30NjpmT.lpr_18U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>