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class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"List of film formats" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_film_formats" title="List of photographic film formats">List of photographic film formats</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This <b>list of motion picture film formats</b> catalogues formats developed for shooting or viewing <a href="/wiki/Motion_pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion pictures">motion pictures</a>, ranging from the Chronophotographe format from 1888, to mid-20th century <a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">formats</a> such as the 1953 <a href="/wiki/CinemaScope" title="CinemaScope">CinemaScope</a> format, to more recent formats such as the 1992 <a href="/wiki/IMAX_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="IMAX HD">IMAX HD</a> format. </p><p>To be included in this list, the formats must all have been used in the field or for test shooting, and they must all use <a href="/wiki/Photochemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Photochemical">photochemical</a> images that are formed or projected on a <a href="/wiki/Film_base" title="Film base">film base</a>, a transparent substrate which supports the photosensitive emulsion. As well, the formats must have been used to make more than just a few test frames. The camera must be fast enough (in frames per second) to create an illusion of motion consistent with the <a href="/wiki/Persistence_of_vision" title="Persistence of vision">persistence of vision</a> phenomenon. The format must be significantly unique from other listed formats in regard to its image capture or <a href="/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">image projection</a>. The format characteristics should be clearly definable in several listed parameters (e. g., film gauge, aspect ratio, etc.). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legend">Legend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_motion_picture_film_formats&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Format</b> is the name of the process; some formats may have multiple names in common usage.</li> <li><b>Creator</b> is the individual or company most directly attributable as the developer of the system.</li> <li><b>Year created</b> usually refers to the earliest date that the system was used to completion (i.e. projection), but may refer to when it was developed if no known film was made.</li> <li><b>First known film</b> is the first film (not including tests) made with the format and intended for release.</li> <li><b>Negative gauge</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Film_gauge" title="Film gauge">film gauge</a> (width) used for the original camera negative.</li> <li><b>Negative aspect ratio</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">image ratio</a> determined by the ratio of the gate dimensions multiplied by the <a href="/wiki/Anamorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anamorphic">anamorphic</a> power of the camera lenses (1× in the case of spherical lenses).<sup id="cite_ref-ar_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Gate dimensions</b> are the width and height of the camera <a href="/wiki/Film_gate" title="Film gate">gate aperture</a>, and by extension the film negative frame.</li> <li><b>Negative pulldown</b> describes the <a href="/wiki/Film_perforations" title="Film perforations">film perforations</a> per frame, the direction of film transport, and standard frame speed. Film transport is assumed to be vertical unless otherwise noted, and standard frame speed is assumed to be 24 frames per second unless the film is otherwise noted or has no standard. Silent film has no standard speed; many amateur formats have several common speeds, but no standard.</li> <li><b>Negative lenses</b> indicates whether spherical (normal) or <a href="/wiki/Anamorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anamorphic">anamorphic</a> lenses are used on the original camera negative, and if anamorphic lenses, what anamorphic power is used.</li> <li><b>Projection gauge</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Film_gauge" title="Film gauge">film gauge</a> (width) used for the release print.</li> <li><b>Projection aspect ratio</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">image ratio</a> determined by the ratio of the projection dimensions multiplied by the <a href="/wiki/Anamorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anamorphic">anamorphic</a> power of the projection lenses (1× in the case of spherical lenses). This is also known as the intended theatrical aspect ratio.<sup id="cite_ref-ar_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Projection dimensions</b> are the width and height of the <a href="/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">projector aperture</a> plate, and by extension the film frame area which is projected. The aperture plate always very slightly crops the frame.</li> <li><b>Projection lenses</b> indicates whether spherical (normal) or <a href="/wiki/Anamorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anamorphic">anamorphic</a> lenses are used on the projector, and if anamorphic lenses, what anamorphic power is used.</li></ul> <p>Formats are listed in chronological order and by release date in the case of multiple formats within one year, if this can be determined. Undated formats are listed at the bottom in alphabetical order. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_formats">Film formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_motion_picture_film_formats&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Film formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>The table does not cover <a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3-D film systems</a> or <a href="/wiki/List_of_color_film_systems" title="List of color film systems">color film systems</a>, nor is it well-suited to emphasize the differences between those systems.</i></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; cursor: help"> <tbody><tr> <th style="cursor:default">Format </th> <th>Creator </th> <th title="Year created">Est. </th> <th>First<br />known work </th> <th>Negative<br />gauge </th> <th title="Negative aspect ratio">Negative<br />A/R<sup id="cite_ref-ar_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th title="Camera gate dimensions">Gate<br />dims </th> <th>Negative<br />pulldown </th> <th>Negative<br />lenses </th> <th>Projection<br />gauge </th> <th title="Projection aspect ratio">Projection<br />A/R<sup id="cite_ref-ar_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th title="Projection dimensions">Projection<br />dims </th> <th>Projection<br />lenses </th></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Chronophotographe" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronophotographe">Chronophotographe</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Jules_Marey" title="Étienne-Jules Marey">Étienne-Jules Marey</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1888 </td> <td title="First known work">motion analysis studies </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">90 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.00 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">3.543" × 3.543" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">unperforated </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses"> </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paper_film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paper film (page does not exist)">Paper film</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince" title="Louis Le Prince">Louis Le Prince</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1888 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Roundhay_Garden_Scene" title="Roundhay Garden Scene">Roundhay Garden Scene</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.00 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">unperforated </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">not known </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.00 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Machine_Camera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Machine Camera (page does not exist)">Machine Camera</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/William_Friese-Greene" title="William Friese-Greene">Wm. Friese-Greene</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1889 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyde_Park_Corner_%26_Marble_Arch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyde Park Corner & Marble Arch (page does not exist)">Hyde Park Corner & Marble Arch</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.00 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">pin wheel perforation </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses"> </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Kinetoscope" title="Kinetoscope">Kinetoscope cylinder</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_Dickson" title="William Kennedy Dickson">Wm. Dickson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">T. Edison</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1889 or 1890 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Monkeyshines,_No._1" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkeyshines, No. 1">Monkeyshines, No. 1</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">strip rolled around a cylinder </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">unperforated </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinesigraph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinesigraph (page does not exist)">Kinesigraph</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Wordsworth_Donisthorpe" title="Wordsworth Donisthorpe">Wordsworth Donisthorpe</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1890 or 1891 </td> <td title="First known work">view of <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.00 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">unperforated </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses"> </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Friese-Greene" title="Friese-Greene">Friese-Greene</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/William_Friese-Greene" title="William Friese-Greene">Wm. Friese-Greene</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1891 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=King%27s_Road,_Chelsea,_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King's Road, Chelsea, London (page does not exist)">King's Road, Chelsea, London</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">60 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.325 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 round perfs, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses"> </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Kinetoscope" title="Kinetoscope">Kinetoscope horizontal</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_Dickson" title="William Kennedy Dickson">Wm. Dickson</a> & <a href="/wiki/William_Heise" title="William Heise">William Heise</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1891 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Dickson_Greeting" title="Dickson Greeting">Dickson Greeting</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">19 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">6 perf, 1 side, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent film standard</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_Dickson" title="William Kennedy Dickson">Wm. Dickson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">T. Edison</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1892 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Blacksmith_Scene" title="Blacksmith Scene">Blacksmith Scene</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.931" × 0.698" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Bioscop" title="Bioscop">Bioscop</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Max_Skladanowsky" title="Max Skladanowsky">Max Skladanowsky</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1892 </td> <td title="First known work">footage of Emil Skladanowsky </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">54 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">unperforated (camera); 4 perf, 2 sides (projection) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">54 mm (two strips interleaved) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Eidoloscope" title="Eidoloscope">Eidoloscope</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Woodville_Latham" title="Woodville Latham">Woodville Latham</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1895 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griffo-Barnett_Prize_Fight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Griffo-Barnett Prize Fight (page does not exist)">Griffo-Barnett Prize Fight</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">51 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.85 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.457" × 0.787" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">51 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.85 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Cinematographe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinematographe">Cinematographe</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumière Brothers">Lumière Brothers</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1895 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/La_Sortie_des_usines_Lumiere" class="mw-redirect" title="La Sortie des usines Lumiere">La Sortie des Usines Lumiere</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 2 sides (rounded) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Biograph_Company" title="Biograph Company">Biograph</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_Dickson" title="William Kennedy Dickson">Wm. Dickson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Herman_Casler" title="Herman Casler">Herman Casler</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1895 </td> <td title="First known work"><i>Sparring Contest at Canastota</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">68 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.35 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.625" × 1.938" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 2 sides (punched in-camera) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">68 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Joly-Normandin" title="Joly-Normandin">Joly-Normandin</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Joly" title="Henri Joly">Henri Joly</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1895 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">60 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">60 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biographe (page does not exist)">Biographe</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demeny-Gaumont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demeny-Gaumont (page does not exist)">Demeny-Gaumont</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1896 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">60 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.40 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.750" × 1.250" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">unperforated </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">60 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.40 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Chronophotographe" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronophotographe">Chronophotographe</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demeny-Gaumont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demeny-Gaumont (page does not exist)">Demeny-Gaumont</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1896 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">60 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.40 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.750" × 1.250" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">60 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.40 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sivan-Dalphin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sivan-Dalphin (page does not exist)">Sivan-Dalphin</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Casimir_Sivan_and_E._Dalphin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casimir Sivan and E. Dalphin (page does not exist)">Casimir Sivan and E. Dalphin</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1896 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">38 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">2 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">38 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Veriscope" title="Veriscope">Veriscope</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Rector" class="mw-redirect" title="Enoch Rector">Enoch Rector</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1897 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Corbett-Fitzsimmons_Fight" class="mw-redirect" title="The Corbett-Fitzsimmons Fight">The Corbett-Fitzsimmons Fight</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">63 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.66 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.875" × 1.125" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">63 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viventoscope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viventoscope (page does not exist)">Viventoscope</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Henry_Blair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Henry Blair (page does not exist)">Thomas Henry Blair</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1897 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">48 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.50 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.500" × 1.000" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf? </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">48 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birtac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birtac (page does not exist)">Birtac</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Birt_Acres" title="Birt Acres">Birt Acres</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1898 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">2 perf, 1 side </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biokam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biokam (page does not exist)">Biokam</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._C._Hepworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. C. Hepworth (page does not exist)">T. C. Hepworth</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1899 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.60 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.630" × 0.394" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, center </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prestwich_13_mm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prestwich 13 mm (page does not exist)">Prestwich 13 mm</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/John_Alfred_Prestwich" title="John Alfred Prestwich">John Alfred Prestwich</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1899 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">13 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">13 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirograph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirograph (page does not exist)">Mirograph</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reulos,_Goudeau_%26_Co&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reulos, Goudeau & Co (page does not exist)">Reulos, Goudeau & Co</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1900 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">21 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 notch, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">21 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumiere_Wide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumiere Wide (page does not exist)">Lumiere Wide</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumière Brothers">Lumière Brothers</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1900 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">75 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.362" × 1.772" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">75 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9orama" title="Cinéorama">Cinéorama</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Grimoin-Sanson" title="Raoul Grimoin-Sanson">R. Grimoin-Sanson</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1900 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9orama" title="Cinéorama">Cinéorama</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">70 mm × 10 cameras (360°) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf? </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm × 10 projectors (360°) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Petite_(Hughes)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Petite (Hughes) (page does not exist)">La Petite (Hughes)</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=W.C._Hughes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W.C. Hughes (page does not exist)">W.C. Hughes</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1900 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.60 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.630" × 0.394" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, center (smaller and less rectangular than Biokam) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pocket_Chrono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pocket Chrono (page does not exist)">Pocket Chrono</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaumont_Demeny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaumont Demeny (page does not exist)">Gaumont Demeny</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1900 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">15 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, center </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">15 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitak (page does not exist)">Vitak</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/William_Wardell" title="William Wardell">William Wardell</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1902 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, center </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">11 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_Kinetoscope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Home Kinetoscope (page does not exist)">Home Kinetoscope</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Edison</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1912 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">22 mm, 2 perf (on frameline between frame rows) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.236" × 0.157" (three frames across width) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Pathe_Kok" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathe Kok">Pathe Kok</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1912 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">28 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.36 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.748" × 0.551" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">3 perf on one side, 1 perf on the other </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">28 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duoscope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duoscope (page does not exist)">Duoscope</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Animatograph_Corporation" title="Victor Animatograph Corporation">Alexander F. Victor</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1912 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">2 perfs, center </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panoramico (page does not exist)">Panoramico</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Filoteo_Alberini" title="Filoteo Alberini">Filoteo Alberini</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1914 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_sacco_di_Roma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Il sacco di Roma (page does not exist)">Il sacco di Roma</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.52 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Split_Duplex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Split Duplex (page does not exist)">Split Duplex</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duplex_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duplex Corporation (page does not exist)">Duplex Corporation</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1915 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides (shooting) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.87 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.735" × 0.394" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical (split image 90° rotated) </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=11_mm_film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11 mm film (page does not exist)">11 mm</a> </th> <td title="Creator">(American) </td> <td title="Year created">1916 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">11 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, center </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">11 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Movette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movette (page does not exist)">Movette</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Movette_Camera_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movette Camera Company (page does not exist)">Movette Camera Company</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1917 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">2 perfs, 2 sides (rounded) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=28_mm_safety_standard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="28 mm safety standard (page does not exist)">28 mm safety standard</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Animatograph_Corporation" title="Victor Animatograph Corporation">Alexander F. Victor</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1918 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">28 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.36 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.748" × 0.551" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">3 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">28 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clou_(film_format)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clou (film format) (page does not exist)">Clou</a> </th> <td title="Creator">(Austrian) </td> <td title="Year created">1920 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">2 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=26_mm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="26 mm (page does not exist)">26 mm</a> </th> <td title="Creator">(French) </td> <td title="Year created">1920 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">26 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 side </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">26 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/9.5_mm_film" title="9.5 mm film">9.5 mm</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1922 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">9.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.31 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.335" × 0.256" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, center </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">9.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.31 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.315" × 0.242" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Phonofilm" title="Phonofilm">Phonofilm</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Lee_De_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee De Forest">Lee De Forest</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1922 </td> <td title="First known work"><i>Barking Dog</i> and <i>Flying Jenny Airplane</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.17 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.826" × 0.708" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widescope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Widescope (page does not exist)">Widescope</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._40_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._40-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_D._Elms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John D. Elms (page does not exist)">John D. Elms</a> & <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bingham" title="George W. Bingham">George W. Bingham</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1922 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 2 (both in same camera) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 × 2 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical (one lens per strip) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 2 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.66 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.931" × 0.698" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinebloc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinebloc (page does not exist)">Cinebloc</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ozaphan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ozaphan (page does not exist)">Ozaphan</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1922 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">22 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">2 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">22 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tri-Ergon_soundfilm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tri-Ergon soundfilm (page does not exist)">Tri-Ergon soundfilm</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._40_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._40-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Tri-Ergon" title="Tri-Ergon">Tri-Ergon</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1922 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">42 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.931" × 0.698" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/16_mm_film" title="16 mm film">16 mm</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hummel,_p._16_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hummel,_p._16-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Kodak">Eastman Kodak</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1923 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">16 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.404" × 0.295" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 or 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">16 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.37 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.378" × 0.276" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duplex_(film_type)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duplex (film type) (page does not exist)">Duplex</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G.J._Bradley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G.J. Bradley (page does not exist)">G.J. Bradley</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1923 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">11 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">2 perf, 2 sides (rounded) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">11.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alberini-Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alberini-Hill (page does not exist)">Alberini-Hill</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corrado_Cerqua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corrado Cerqua (page does not exist)">Corrado Cerqua</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1924 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.66 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.575" × 0.945" (curved) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">10 perf, 2 sides, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical, on 65° revolving drum </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinelux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinelux (page does not exist)">Cinelux</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ozaphan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ozaphan (page does not exist)">Ozaphan</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1924 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">24 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">24 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=48_mm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="48 mm (page does not exist)">48 mm</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.H._Powrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J.H. Powrie (page does not exist)">J.H. Powrie</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1924 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">48 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.32 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.969" × 1.496" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">horizontal </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.931" × 0.698" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_Vision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural Vision (page does not exist)">Natural Vision</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/George_K._Spoor" class="mw-redirect" title="George K. Spoor">George K. Spoor</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=P._John_Berggren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. John Berggren (page does not exist)">P. John Berggren</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1925 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niagara_Falls_(1926_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niagara Falls (1926 film) (page does not exist)">Niagara Falls</a></i> and <i>Rollercoaster Ride</i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">63.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.84 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.060" × 1.120" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">6 perf, 2 sides, 20 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">63.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.00 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=13_mm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13 mm (page does not exist)">13 mm</a> </th> <td title="Creator">(French) </td> <td title="Year created">1925 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">13 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, center </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">13 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=18_mm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="18 mm (page does not exist)">18 mm</a> </th> <td title="Creator">(Russian) </td> <td title="Year created">1925 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">18 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">18 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pathe_Rural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pathe Rural (page does not exist)">Pathe Rural</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1926 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.35 (silent); 1.30 (sound) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.516" × 0.382" (silent); 0.445" × 0.343" (sound) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">17.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.33 (silent); 1.26 (sound) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.472" × 0.354" (silent); 0.445" × 0.343" (sound) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widevision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Widevision (page does not exist)">Widevision</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._40_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._40-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_D._Elms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John D. Elms (page does not exist)">John D. Elms</a> & <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bingham" title="George W. Bingham">George W. Bingham</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1926 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_Vision_Pictures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural Vision Pictures (page does not exist)">Natural Vision Pictures</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">57 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">57 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnascope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnascope (page does not exist)">Magnascope</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_del_Riccio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorenzo del Riccio (page does not exist)">Lorenzo del Riccio</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1926 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Ironsides_(film)" title="Old Ironsides (film)">Old Ironsides</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.931" × 0.698" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical (selected scenes projected using a wider lens for larger picture) </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Fox_Film_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Film Corporation">Fox</a> <a href="/wiki/Movietone_sound_system" title="Movietone sound system">Movietone</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Harrison_Owens" title="Freeman Harrison Owens">F. H. Owens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Case" title="Theodore Case">T. Case</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tri-Ergon" title="Tri-Ergon">Tri-Ergon</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1927 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Sunrise:_A_Song_of_Two_Humans" title="Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans">Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.17 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.826" × 0.708" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Polyvision" title="Polyvision">Polyvision</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Abel Gance</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1927 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_(1927_film)" title="Napoléon (1927 film)">Napoléon</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 3 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 × 3 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 3 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">4.00 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.931" × 0.698" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypergonar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypergonar (page does not exist)">Hypergonar</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Henri Chrétien">Henri Chrétien</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1927 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pour_construire_un_feu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pour construire un feu (page does not exist)">Pour construire un feu</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.66 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">2× anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.66 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.931" × 0.698" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">2× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnafilm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnafilm (page does not exist)">Magnafilm</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._5_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_del_Riccio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorenzo del Riccio (page does not exist)">Lorenzo del Riccio</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1929 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/You%27re_in_the_Army_Now" title="You're in the Army Now">You're in the Army Now</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">56 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.19 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.620" × 0.740" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">56 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.00 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/70_mm_Grandeur_film" title="70 mm Grandeur film">Fox Grandeur</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._5_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Fox_Film_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Film Corporation">Fox Film Corporation</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1929 </td> <td title="First known work"><i>Fox Grandeur News</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_Movietone_Follies_of_1929" title="Fox Movietone Follies of 1929">Fox Movietone Follies of 1929</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.07 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.890" × 0.913" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides, 20 frame/s (before 1930) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.00 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.768" × 0.885" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fearless_Super_Pictures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fearless Super Pictures (page does not exist)">Fearless Super Pictures</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._6_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_G._Fear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph G. Fear (page does not exist)">Ralph G. Fear</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1929 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.27 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.813" × 0.800" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">10 perfs, 2 sides, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fearless_Super-Film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fearless Super-Film (page does not exist)">Fearless Super-Film</a> /<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnifilm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnifilm (page does not exist)">Magnifilm</a> /<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fox_Vitascope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fox Vitascope (page does not exist)">Fox Vitascope</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_G._Fear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph G. Fear (page does not exist)">Ralph G. Fear</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1930 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Kismet_(1930_film)" title="Kismet (1930 film)">Kismet</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.00 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.811" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.05 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.772" × 0.866" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realife&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realife (page does not exist)">Realife</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._6_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/MGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM">MGM</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1930 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Billy_the_Kid_(1930_film)" title="Billy the Kid (1930 film)">Billy the Kid</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.07 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.890" × 0.913" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.75 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.904" × 0.517" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=50_mm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="50 mm (page does not exist)">50 mm</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._59_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._59-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Fox_Film_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Film Corporation">Fox Film Corporation</a> & <a href="/wiki/SMPE" class="mw-redirect" title="SMPE">SMPE</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1930 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">50 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.80 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.325" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">50 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.80 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.305" × 0.725" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=17_mm_sound&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="17 mm sound (page does not exist)">17 mm sound</a> </th> <td title="Creator">(French) </td> <td title="Year created">1930 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">17 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 side </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">17 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giant_Expanding_Pictures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giant Expanding Pictures (page does not exist)">Giant Expanding Pictures</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Odeon_Marble_Arch" title="Odeon Marble Arch">George Palmer</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1930 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.17 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.826" × 0.708" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical (with a special projection zoom lens zooming wider and opening masking for key sequences) </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodel_Kemco_Homovie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodel Kemco Homovie (page does not exist)">Kodel Kemco Homovie</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarence_Ogden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarence Ogden (page does not exist)">Clarence Ogden</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1931 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">16 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">4 sequential images per frame </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">16 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Academy_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy format">Academy format</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hummel,_p._10_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hummel,_p._10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/AMPAS" class="mw-redirect" title="AMPAS">AMPAS</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1932 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.375 (commonly abbreviated to 1.37) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.868″ × 0.631″ </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.37 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.825″ × 0.600″ </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical <p><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/8_mm_film" title="8 mm film">8 mm</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Kodak">Eastman Kodak</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1932 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">16 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.32 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.192" × 0.145" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 side (using 16 mm film with twice as many perfs) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.172" × 0.129" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format">Straight 8 </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Bell_%26_Howell" title="Bell & Howell">Bell & Howell</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1935 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.32 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.192" × 0.145" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 side </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.172" × 0.129" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitarama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitarama (page does not exist)">Vitarama</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Waller" title="Fred Waller">Fred Waller</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1939 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">16 mm × 11 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 × 11 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.404" × 0.295" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">16 mm × 11 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">hemispherical view </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.378" × 0.276" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Waller_Flexible_Gunnery_Trainer" class="mw-redirect" title="Waller Flexible Gunnery Trainer">Waller Flexible<br />Gunnery Trainer</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Waller" title="Fred Waller">Fred Waller</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1943 </td> <td title="First known work">US Air Force interactive training exercise </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 5 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 × 5 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.866" × 0.630" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 5 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">hemispherical view </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.825" × 0.602" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Cinerama" title="Cinerama">Cinerama</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Waller" title="Fred Waller">Fred Waller</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1952 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/This_is_Cinerama" class="mw-redirect" title="This is Cinerama">This is Cinerama</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 3 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.59 (3 × negatives) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.996" × 1.116" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">6 perf, 2 sides at 26 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 3 projectors, with 6 perf pulldown </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.59, with 146° curved screen </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.985" × 1.088" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matted_1.66&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matted 1.66 (page does not exist)">Matted 1.66</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hummel,_p._10_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hummel,_p._10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1953 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Shane_(film)" title="Shane (film)">Shane</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.866" × 0.630" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.66 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.825" × 0.497" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matted_1.85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matted 1.85 (page does not exist)">Matted 1.85</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hummel,_p._10_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hummel,_p._10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1953 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_(film)" title="Thunder Bay (film)">Thunder Bay</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.866" × 0.630" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.85 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.825" × 0.446" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matted_1.75&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matted 1.75 (page does not exist)">Matted 1.75</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/MGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM">MGM</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1953 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Arena_(1953_film)" title="Arena (1953 film)">Arena</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.866" × 0.630" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.75 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.825" × 0.471" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Cinemascope" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinemascope">Cinemascope</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1953 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Robe_(film)" title="The Robe (film)">The Robe</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.55 (1953–57); 2.35 (1957–67) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.937" × 0.735" (1953–57); 0.868" × 0.735" (1957–67) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">2× anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.55 (1953–57); 2.35 (1957–67) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.912" × 0.715" (1953–57); 0.839" × 0.715" (1957–67) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">2× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Arnoldscope" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnoldscope">Arnoldscope</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator">John Arnold </td> <td title="Year created">1953 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">10 perf, 2 sides, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses"> </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/VistaVision" title="VistaVision">VistaVision</a><sup id="cite_ref-VistaVision_Specs_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VistaVision_Specs-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1954 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(film)" title="White Christmas (film)">White Christmas</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.51 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.495" × 0.991" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perf, 2 sides, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm, 4 perf, vertical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.85 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.825" × 0.446" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VistaVision_Large_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VistaVision Large Area (page does not exist)">VistaVision Large Area</a><sup id="cite_ref-VistaVision_Specs_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VistaVision_Specs-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1954 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(film)" title="White Christmas (film)">White Christmas</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.51 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.495" × 0.991" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perf, 2 sides, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm, 8 perf, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.96 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.418" × 0.723" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen">Superscope</a><sup id="cite_ref-SuperScope_Specs_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SuperScope_Specs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tushinsky_Brothers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tushinsky Brothers (page does not exist)">Tushinsky Brothers</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1954 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Vera_Cruz_(film)" title="Vera Cruz (film)">Vera Cruz</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.00 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.715" × 0.715" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">2× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Circarama" class="mw-redirect" title="Circarama">Circarama</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1955 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Tour_of_the_West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Tour of the West (page does not exist)">A Tour of the West</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">16 mm × 11 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 × 11 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.404" × 0.295" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">16 mm × 11 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">360° </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.378" × 0.276" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Todd-AO" title="Todd-AO">Todd-AO</a><sup id="cite_ref-todd_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-todd-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Todd" title="Mike Todd">Michael Todd</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1955 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(1955_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma (1955 film)">Oklahoma</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.29 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.072" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perfs, 2 sides, at 30 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.21, with 120° curved screen </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.870" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/CinemaScope_55" class="mw-redirect" title="CinemaScope 55">CinemaScope 55</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1955 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(film)" title="Carousel (film)">Carousel</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">55 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.55 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.824" × 1.430" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perfs, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">2× anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.55 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.912" × 0.715" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">2× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=9.5_Duplex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9.5 Duplex (page does not exist)">9.5 Duplex</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Path%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pathé Fréres (page does not exist)">Pathé Fréres</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1955 </td> <td title="First known work">? </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">9.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.51 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">4.1 mm × 6.2 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">2 central perforations in a 9.5mm film </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">4.75 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical, rotated 90° </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=8_mm_Panoramic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8 mm Panoramic (page does not exist)">8 mm Panoramic</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimaphot,_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimaphot, Paris (page does not exist)">Dimaphot, Paris</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1955 </td> <td title="First known work">? </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">16 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">5 mm × 7.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical, rotated 90° </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emel_Panoscope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emel Panoscope (page does not exist)">Emel Panoscope</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emel,_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emel, Paris (page does not exist)">Emel, Paris</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1955 </td> <td title="First known work">? </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">16 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">3.5 mm × 9.6 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">2 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">16 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Technirama" title="Technirama">Technirama</a><sup id="cite_ref-Technirama_Specs_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Technirama_Specs-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1956 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Monte_Carlo_Story" title="The Monte Carlo Story">The Monte Carlo Story</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.26 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.496" × 0.992" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">1.5× anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm, 4 perf vertical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.35 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.839" × 0.715" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">2× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technirama_Large_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technirama Large Area (page does not exist)">Technirama Large Area</a><sup id="cite_ref-Technirama_Specs_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Technirama_Specs-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1956 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Monte_Carlo_Story" title="The Monte Carlo Story">The Monte Carlo Story</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.26 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.496" × 0.992" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">1.5× anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm, 8 perf horizontal </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.42 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.421" × 0.881" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">1.5× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_Frame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dynamic Frame (page does not exist)">Dynamic Frame</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_Alvey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn Alvey (page does not exist)">Glenn Alvey</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1956 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Door_in_the_Wall_(short_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Door in the Wall (short film) (page does not exist)">The Door in the Wall</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.3, 1.6, and 2.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">variable aperture plates </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm, 4 perf, vertical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.3, 1.5, and 2.5 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Superscope_235" class="mw-redirect" title="Superscope 235">Superscope 235</a><sup id="cite_ref-SuperScope_Specs_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SuperScope_Specs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superscope_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superscope Inc. (page does not exist)">Superscope Inc.</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1956 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Run_for_the_Sun" title="Run for the Sun">Run for the Sun</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.35 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.839" × 0.715" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">2× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrillarama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thrillarama (page does not exist)">Thrillarama</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator">Albert H. Reynolds </td> <td title="Year created">1956 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrillarama_Adventure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thrillarama Adventure (page does not exist)">Thrillarama Adventure</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 2 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.78 × 2 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">3 perf, 2 sides? </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 2 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">3.55, with a curved screen </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magirama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magirama (page does not exist)">Magirama</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Abel Gance</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1956 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magirama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magirama (page does not exist)">Magirama</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 3 cameras (sides bounced off mirrors) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 × 3 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 3 projectors (sides bounced off mirrors) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">4.00 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.931" × 0.698" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Panavision_70" title="Ultra Panavision 70">MGM Camera 65</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Panavision" title="Panavision">Panavision</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1957 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Raintree_County_(film)" title="Raintree County (film)">Raintree County</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.76 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.072" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">1.25× anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.76 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.870" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">1.25× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Panavision" title="Panavision">Ultra Panavision</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Panavision" title="Panavision">Panavision</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1962 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)" title="Ben-Hur (1959 film)">Ben-Hur </a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.76 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.072" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">1.25× anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.76 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.870" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">1.25× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinestage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinestage (page does not exist)">Cinestage</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Todd" title="Mike Todd">Mike Todd</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1957 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_Eighty_Days_(1956_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Around the World in Eighty Days (1956 film)">Around the World in 80 Days</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.29 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.072" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perfs, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm (1 mm shaved off for UK prints) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.12 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.912" × 0.675" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">1.567× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rank_VistaVision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rank VistaVision (page does not exist)">Rank VistaVision</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Arthur_Rank_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Arthur Rank Organization (page does not exist)">J. Arthur Rank Organization</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1957 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.51 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.495" × 0.991" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm, 4 perf, vertical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.82 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.825" × 0.602" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">1.33× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Anamorphic_format" title="Anamorphic format">Modern anamorphic</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Panavision" title="Panavision">Panavision</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1958 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Female_Animal" title="The Female Animal">The Female Animal</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.37 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.866" × 0.732" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">2× anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.35 (1957–70); 2.39 (1970–present) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.839" × 0.715" (1957–70); 0.838" × 0.7" (1970–93); 0.825" × 0.690" (1993–present) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">2× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Kinopanorama" title="Kinopanorama">Kinopanorama</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NIKFI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NIKFI (page does not exist)">NIKFI</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1958 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Is_My_Country" title="Great Is My Country">Great Is My Country</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 3 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">0.91 × 3 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.014" × 1.116" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">6 perf, 2 sides, at 25 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 3 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.72 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.985" × 1.088" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/70_mm_film" title="70 mm film">70 mm</a><sup id="cite_ref-todd_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-todd-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/American_Optical_Company" title="American Optical Company">American Optical Company</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1958 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_(1958_film)" title="South Pacific (1958 film)">South Pacific</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.28 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.066" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perfs, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.21 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Cinemiracle" title="Cinemiracle">Cinemiracle</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Theatres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Theatres (page does not exist)">National Theatres</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1958 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Windjammer_(1958_film)" title="Windjammer (1958 film)">Windjammer</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 3 cameras (sides bounced off mirrors) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">0.89 × 3 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.996" × 1.116" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">6 perf, 2 sides at 26 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 3 projectors (sides bounced off mirrors), with 6 perf pulldown </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.59, with 120° curved screen </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.985" × 1.088" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Super_Technirama" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Technirama">Super Technirama</a><sup id="cite_ref-Technirama_Specs_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Technirama_Specs-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1959 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Beauty_(1959_film)" title="Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)">Sleeping Beauty</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.26 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.496" × 0.992" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perf, 2 sides, horizontally </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">1.5× anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.21 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.816" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith-Carney_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smith-Carney System (page does not exist)">Smith-Carney System</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator">Rowe E. Carney Jr. and Tom F. Smith </td> <td title="Year created">1959 </td> <td title="First known work">Missouri travelogue </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">4.69 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.839" × 0.370" (bottom half) and 0.449" × 0.370" (top quarters) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical × 3 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">4.69 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">three sub-frames projected to one 180° image </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical × 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Circular_Kinopanorama" class="mw-redirect" title="Circular Kinopanorama">Circular Kinopanorama</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Circlorama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circlorama (page does not exist)">Circlorama</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._19_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._19-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._Goldovsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. Goldovsky (page does not exist)">E. Goldovsky</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1959 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Path_of_Spring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Path of Spring (page does not exist)">The Path of Spring</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 11 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 × 11 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.866" × 0.630" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 11 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">360° </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.825" × 0.602" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varioscope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varioscope (page does not exist)">Varioscope</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator">Jan Jacobsen </td> <td title="Year created">1959 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Clipper" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying Clipper">Flying Clipper</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.28 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.066" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perfs, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">variable framing run through control signal </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadravision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quadravision (page does not exist)">Quadravision</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1959 </td> <td title="First known work"><i>Design for Suburban Living</i> showtent </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">? mm × 4 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">? × 4 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">? mm × 4 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">? (4 images in 2×2 configuration) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Techniscope" title="Techniscope">Techniscope</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1960 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pharaoh%27s_Woman" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pharaoh's Woman">The Pharaoh's Woman</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.868" × 0.373" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">2 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.39 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.838" × 0.7" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">2× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Wonderama" title="Wonderama">Wonderama</a> (Arc 120)<sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._18_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._18-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator">Leon W. Wells </td> <td title="Year created">1960 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon_(1959_film)" title="Honeymoon (1959 film)">Honeymoon</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">no standard </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.50 with a 120° curved screen </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.931" × 0.698", with two half-images turned 90° and placed side-by-side </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical × 2 </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cine_System_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cine System 3 (page does not exist)">Cine System 3</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Berndt" title="Eric Berndt">Eric Berndt</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1960 </td> <td title="First known work">USAF and NASA usage </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">3 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, centered </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses"> </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grandeur_70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grandeur 70 (page does not exist)">Grandeur 70</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1961 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I_(1956_film)" title="The King and I (1956 film)">The King and I</a></i> (re-release) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">55 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.55 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.824" × 1.430" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perfs, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">2× anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.21 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinerama_360&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinerama 360 (page does not exist)">Cinerama 360</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._18_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._18-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinerama_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinerama Corporation (page does not exist)">Cinerama Corporation</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1962 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journey_to_the_Stars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journey to the Stars (page does not exist)">Journey to the Stars</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.00 (circle) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.25" diameter circular image </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">10 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">fisheye </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.00 (circle) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">2.25" diameter circular image </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Super_8_mm_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Super 8 mm film">Super 8</a> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Kodak">Eastman Kodak</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1965 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.48 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.245" × 0.166" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 side </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.36 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.215" × 0.158" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Real_Sound_(film_format)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Real Sound (film format) (page does not exist)">Real Sound</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Kenner" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenner">Kenner</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1965 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 side </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">11.5 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.172" × 0.129" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Super_8_film#Double_Super_8" title="Super 8 film">Double Super 8</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Kodak" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Kodak">Eastman Kodak</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1965 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">16 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.48 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.245" × 0.166" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 side (using 16 mm film with twice as many perfs) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.36 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.215" × 0.158" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Single-8" title="Single-8">Single-8</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm" title="Fujifilm">Fujifilm</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1966 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.36 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.224" × 0.164" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 side </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.35 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.213" × 0.157" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Dimension_150" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimension 150">Dimension 150</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/American_Optical_Company" title="American Optical Company">American Optical Company</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1966 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bible:_In_the_Beginning" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bible: In the Beginning">The Bible: In the Beginning</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.28 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.066" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perfs, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.21, with 150° curved screen </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87", optically curved to compensate for the screen </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Circle_Vision_360" class="mw-redirect" title="Circle Vision 360">Circle Vision 360</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._19_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._19-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1967 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_(Disney)" class="mw-redirect" title="America the Beautiful (Disney)">America the Beautiful</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 9 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 × 9 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.866" × 0.630" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 9 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">360° </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.825" × 0.602" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=8.75_mm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8.75 mm (page does not exist)">8.75 mm</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator">Shanghai Film Projection Equipment Factory </td> <td title="Year created">1968 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">8.75 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format">Astrovision<sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._37_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._37-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goto_Optical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goto Optical (page does not exist)">Goto Optical</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1969 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">10 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical or fish-eye </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">fish-eye (dome projection) </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/IMAX_Corporation" title="IMAX Corporation">IMAX Corporation</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1970 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Child" title="Tiger Child">Tiger Child</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.34 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.772" × 2.072" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.31 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">2.692" × 2.056" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/16_mm_film" title="16 mm film">Super 16 mm film</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hummel,_p._16_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hummel,_p._16-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Rune_Ericson" title="Rune Ericson">Rune Ericson</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1970 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Blushing_Charlie" title="Blushing Charlie">Blushing Charlie</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">16 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.66 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.493" × 0.292" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 side </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">no standard, but often blown up to 35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">no standard </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.463" × 0.279" (full frame); 0.463" × 0.251" (framed for 1.85) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pik-a-Movie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pik-a-Movie (page does not exist)">Pik-a-Movie</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_W._Wells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon W. Wells (page does not exist)">Leon W. Wells</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1972 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">no standard </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm, horizontal, 1 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.48 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.245" × 0.166", 12 rows high, underneath 12 rows of optical sound </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/OMNIMAX" class="mw-redirect" title="OMNIMAX">OMNIMAX</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/IMAX_Corporation" title="IMAX Corporation">IMAX Corporation</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1973 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Garden_Isle" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden Isle">Garden Isle</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.34 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.772" × 2.072" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">special fish-eye lenses optically centered 0.37" above film horizontal center line </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.31 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">2.692" × 2.056" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical, projected elliptically on a dome screen, 20 degrees below and 110 degrees above perfectly centered viewers </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format">8/70 (Dynavision,<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwerks_870&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iwerks 870 (page does not exist)">Iwerks 870</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator">Dynavision </td> <td title="Year created">1973? </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.031" × 1.484" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perf, 2 sides, 24 or 30 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.34 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.913" × 1.431" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Showscan" title="Showscan">Showscan</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Trumbull" title="Douglas Trumbull">Douglas Trumbull</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1978 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Night_of_Dreams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Night of Dreams (page does not exist)">Night of Dreams</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.28 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.066" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perfs, 2 sides, at 60 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm, at 60 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.21 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Polavision" title="Polavision">Polavision</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Corporation" title="Polaroid Corporation">Polaroid Corporation</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1978 </td> <td title="First known work">unknown (amateur format) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.48 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.245" × 0.166" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 side </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.36 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.215" × 0.158" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_180&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema 180 (page does not exist)">Cinema 180</a><sup id="cite_ref-largeformatcinematography_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largeformatcinematography-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omni_Films&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omni Films (page does not exist)">Omni Films</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1979 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crazy_Wheels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crazy Wheels (page does not exist)">Crazy Wheels</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.28 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.066" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perfs, 2 sides, 30 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">fisheye </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">180°, on a dome </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">fisheye </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Super_35" title="Super 35">Super 35</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Dunton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Dunton (page does not exist)">Joe Dunton</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1982 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_Craze_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance Craze video">Dance Craze</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.735" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">no standard </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">no standard </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">no standard </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circle_Vision_200&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circle Vision 200 (page does not exist)">Circle Vision 200</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1982 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Impressions_de_France" title="Impressions de France">Impressions de France</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 5 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 × 5 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.866" × 0.630" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 5 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">6.85, on a 200° screen </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.825" × 0.602" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swissorama_360&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swissorama 360 (page does not exist)">Swissorama 360</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imagine_360&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imagine 360 (page does not exist)">Imagine 360</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_A._Heiniger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst A. Heiniger (page does not exist)">Ernst A. Heiniger</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1984 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impressions_of_Switzerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impressions of Switzerland (page does not exist)">Impressions of Switzerland</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">360° </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.91" (outer edge), 1.20" (inner edge) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">10 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">360° × 35° extreme fisheye </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">360° </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">360° × 35° extreme fisheye </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Super_8_mm_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Super 8 mm film">Super Duper 8</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Super_8_film#Widescreen_Super8_and_Max8" title="Super 8 film">Max 8</a> /<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super 8B (page does not exist)">Super 8B</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitch_Perkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitch Perkins (page does not exist)">Mitch Perkins</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greg_Miller_(businessman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greg Miller (businessman) (page does not exist)">Greg Miller</a> </td> <td title="Year created">mid- 1980s </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sleep_Always&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sleep Always (page does not exist)">Sleep Always</a></i> (2002) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.51 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.250" × 0.166" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">1 perf, 1 side </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">8 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">no standard </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">no standard </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Negative_pulldown" title="Negative pulldown">3-perf</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Rune_Ericson" title="Rune Ericson">Rune Ericson</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1987 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirates_of_the_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirates of the Lake (page does not exist)">Pirates of the Lake</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.79 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.546" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">3 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">no standard </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">no standard </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">no standard </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_VistaVision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super VistaVision (page does not exist)">Super VistaVision</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1989 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_Commandments_(1956_film)" title="The Ten Commandments (1956 film)">The Ten Commandments</a></i> (re-release) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.51 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">1.495" × 0.991" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perf, 2 sides, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.21 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Kinoton_HDFS" title="Kinoton HDFS">Kinoton HDFS</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Kinoton" title="Kinoton">Kinoton</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1990 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">no standard </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">no standard </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.00 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.931" × 0.698" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">1.5× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/IMAX_Magic_Carpet" title="IMAX Magic Carpet">IMAX Magic Carpet</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/IMAX_Corporation" title="IMAX Corporation">IMAX Corporation</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1990 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flowers_in_the_Sky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flowers in the Sky (page does not exist)">Flowers in the Sky</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm × 2 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.34 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.772" × 2.072" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm, horizontal × 2 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.31 × 2 screens (one in front, one below) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">2.692" × 2.056" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwerksphere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iwerksphere (page does not exist)">Iwerksphere</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Iwerks" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwerks">Iwerks</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1991 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.031" × 1.484" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">8 perf, 2 sides, 24 or 30 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">fisheye </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.34 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.913" × 1.431" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">fisheye </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/IMAX_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="IMAX HD">IMAX HD</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/IMAX_Corporation" title="IMAX Corporation">IMAX Corporation</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1992 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(1992_film)" title="Momentum (1992 film)">Momentum</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.34 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.772" × 2.072" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">15 perf, 2 sides, horizontally, 48 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.31 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">2.692" × 2.056" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexiplex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexiplex (page does not exist)">Hexiplex</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator">(Australian) </td> <td title="Year created">1992 </td> <td title="First known work">Expo '92 demo </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 6 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 × 6 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.866" × 0.630" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm × 6 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">360°, with rotating screens and projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.825" × 0.602" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultra_Toruscope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultra Toruscope (page does not exist)">Ultra Toruscope</a><sup id="cite_ref-largeformatcinematography_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largeformatcinematography-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac_McCarney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mac McCarney (page does not exist)">Mac McCarney</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1992 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm × 3 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.37 × 3 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.866" × 0.630" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">4 perf, 2 sides, at 30 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm × 3 projectors, at 30 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">360° </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imagination_FX_7012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imagination FX 7012 (page does not exist)">Imagination FX 7012</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._59_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._59-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geo-Odyssey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geo-Odyssey (page does not exist)">Geo-Odyssey</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1992? </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.08 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.040" × 0.980" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">12 perf, 2 sides, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.21 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Univisium" title="Univisium">Univisium</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Storaro" title="Vittorio Storaro">Vittorio Storaro</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1998 </td> <td title="First known work"><i><a href="/wiki/Tango_(1998_film)" title="Tango (1998 film)">Tango</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.00 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.945" × 0.472" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">3 perf, 2 sides at 25 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.00 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Maxivision" title="Maxivision">Maxivision</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sticking_with_35mm_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sticking_with_35mm-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Dean_Goodhill" title="Dean Goodhill">Dean Goodhill</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1999 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.79 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.546" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">3 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm, 3 perf </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.85 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/wiki/Maxivision_48" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxivision 48">Maxivision 48</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sticking_with_35mm_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sticking_with_35mm-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Dean_Goodhill" title="Dean Goodhill">Dean Goodhill</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1999 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.79 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">0.980" × 0.546" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">3 perf, 2 sides, 48 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm, 3 perf, 48 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.85 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Dimension_70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super Dimension 70 (page does not exist)">Super Dimension 70</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Weisgerber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Weisgerber (page does not exist)">Robert Weisgerber</a> </td> <td title="Year created">1999 </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.28 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.066" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perfs, 2 sides, at 48 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm, at 48 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.21 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FuturVision_360&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FuturVision 360 (page does not exist)">FuturVision 360</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._37_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._37-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"> </td> <td title="Year created"> </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.52 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.066" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perfs, 2 sides, 30 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">1.5× vertical anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">1.47 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">1.5× vertical anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mini-Max&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mini-Max (page does not exist)">Mini-Max</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vistascope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vistascope (page does not exist)">Vistascope</a> </td> <td title="Year created"> </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.66 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">2 perf, 2 sides, 30 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.66 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MotionMaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MotionMaster (page does not exist)">MotionMaster</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omni_Films&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omni Films (page does not exist)">Omni Films</a> </td> <td title="Year created"> </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">2.28 </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">2.066" × 0.906" </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">5 perfs, 2 sides, 30 frame/s </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.21, on a curved screen </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.912" × 0.87" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Row-film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Row-film (page does not exist)">Row-film</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._Thun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. Thun (page does not exist)">R. Thun</a> </td> <td title="Year created"> </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">20 rows of images wide </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Septorama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Septorama (page does not exist)">Septorama</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._37_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._37-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"> </td> <td title="Year created"> </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">? mm × 7 cameras </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio">1.33 × 7 negatives </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">? mm × 7 projectors </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">hemispherical view </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Single_Cinerama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Single Cinerama (page does not exist)">Single Cinerama</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Waller" title="Fred Waller">Fred Waller</a> </td> <td title="Year created"> </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions">curved gate </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">16 perf, 2 sides, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm, horizontal </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">curved screen </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet 10 (page does not exist)">Soviet 10</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._58_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._58-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"> </td> <td title="Year created"> </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">10 perf, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">2× anamorphic </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">2.09 </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.890" × 1.811" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">2× anamorphic </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vario-35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vario-35 (page does not exist)">Vario-35</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._58_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._58-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"> </td> <td title="Year created"> </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">variable framing run through control signal </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.835" × 0.713" (full); 0.835" × 0.453" (1.84); 0.709" × 0.524" (1.35); 0.614" × 0.614" (1.00); 0.535" × 0.713" (0.75) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vario-35A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vario-35A (page does not exist)">Vario-35A</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._58_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._58-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"> </td> <td title="Year created"> </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense"> </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">35 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">variable framing run through control signal </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">0.835" × 0.713" </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">variable anamorphic (2× for 2.35; 1.57× for 1.85; 1.17× for 1.37; 0.85× for 1.00; 0.64× for 0.75; 0.5× for 0.59) </td></tr> <tr> <th title="Format"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vario-70&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vario-70 (page does not exist)">Vario-70</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._58_76-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherlock,_p._58-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td title="Creator"> </td> <td title="Year created"> </td> <td title="First known work"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative gauge">65 mm </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative aspect ratio"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Camera gate dimensions"> </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative pulldown">10 perfs, 2 sides </td> <td style="background: #FFEBC6" title="Negative lense">spherical </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection gauge">70 mm </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection aspect ratio">variable framing run through control signal </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection dimensions">1.890" × 1.811" (full); 1.890" × 0.803" (2.35); 1.673" × 0.906" (1.85); 1.441" × 1.051" (1.37); 1.232" × 1.232" (1.00); 1.063" × 1.429" (0.74); 0.945" × 1.604" (0.59); 0.839" × 1.811" (0.46) </td> <td style="background: #E6F2F2" title="Projection lenses">spherical </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th style="cursor:default">Format </th> <th>Creator </th> <th title="Year created">Est. </th> <th>First<br />known work </th> <th>Negative<br />gauge </th> <th title="Negative aspect ratio">Negative<br />A/R<sup id="cite_ref-ar_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th title="Camera gate dimensions">Gate<br />dims </th> <th>Negative<br />pulldown </th> <th>Negative<br />lenses </th> <th>Projection<br />gauge </th> <th title="Projection aspect ratio">Projection<br />A/R<sup id="cite_ref-ar_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th title="Projection dimensions">Projection<br />dims </th> <th>Projection<br />lenses </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_motion_picture_film_formats&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anamorphic_format_trade_names" title="List of anamorphic format trade names">List of anamorphic format trade names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color motion picture film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_sound_systems" title="List of film sound systems">List of film sound systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_resolution" title="Display resolution">Display resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_aspect_ratio" title="Display aspect ratio">Display aspect ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_film_formats" title="List of photographic film formats">List of photographic film formats</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_motion_picture_film_formats&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ar-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ar_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ar_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Strictly speaking, aspect ratios for film are always expressed as the ratio of 1 and are formatted as x:y, e.g. 1.85:1. However, in the interest of formatting, the aspect ratios listed will assume the ratio of 1 and omit the :1 suffix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burns, R.W., <i>Television: An International History of the Formative Years</i>, p. 71, Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott, E. Kilburn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20040302130000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/13071/20040303-0000/www.acmi.net.au/AIC/LE_PRINCE_JSMPTE.html">"The Career of L. A .A. Le Prince"</a>, <i>Adventures in Cybersound</i>. Retrieved 2008-05-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hiller, John. "Film History for the Public: The First National Movie Machine Collection", <i>Film History</i>, v. 11, n. 3, p. 373. Indiana University Press, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherlock,_p._3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherlock,_p._40-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._40_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._40_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._40_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hummel,_p._16-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hummel,_p._16_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hummel,_p._16_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hummel, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 5-6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherlock,_p._4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._4_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._4_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherlock,_p._5-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._5_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._5_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherlock,_p._6-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._6_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._6_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 6-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherlock,_p._59-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._59_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._59_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hummel,_p._10-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hummel,_p._10_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hummel,_p._10_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hummel,_p._10_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hummel, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/cineramaspecs.htm">Cinerama Specs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/cinemascopespecs.htm">CinemaScope Specs</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/apertures.htm">Of Apertures and Aspect Ratios</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/Widescreen/wingup1.htm">Ultra Panavision, p. 1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VistaVision_Specs-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VistaVision_Specs_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VistaVision_Specs_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/vistavisionspecs.htm">VistaVision Specs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SuperScope_Specs-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SuperScope_Specs_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SuperScope_Specs_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/superscopespecs.htm">SuperScope Specs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 19-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-todd-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-todd_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-todd_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Even after slowing down the frame rate from 30 to 24 frame/s, Todd AO productions retained the use of the same trade name on the 24 frame/s films. There is no difference between 24 frame/s Todd AO, Super Panavision, and what is otherwise referred to as standard 65/70 mm.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/todd-aospecifications.htm">Todd A.O. Specs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/cinemascopespecs.htm">CinemaScope Specs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrice-Hervé Pont, Jean Loup Princelle: <i>50 Ans de Caméras Françaises</i>, Le Reve Édition, Ondreville-sur-Essonne, France, 2007, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-9522521-3-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-9522521-3-0">2-9522521-3-0</a>, page 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrice-Hervé Pont, Jean Loup Princelle: <i>50 Ans de Caméras Françaises</i>, Le Reve Édition, Ondreville-sur-Essonne, France, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-9522521-3-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-9522521-3-0">2-9522521-3-0</a>, --> page num 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrice-Hervé Pont, Jean Loup Princelle: <i>50 Ans de Caméras Françaises</i>, Le Reve Édition, Ondreville-sur-Essonne, France, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-9522521-3-0" title="Special:BookSources/2-9522521-3-0">2-9522521-3-0</a>, --> page num 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Technirama_Specs-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Technirama_Specs_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Technirama_Specs_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Technirama_Specs_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/techniramaspecs.htm">Technirama Specs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/thrillarama_houston.htm">Thrillarama</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/ultrapanavisionspecs.htm">Ultra Panavision Specs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hummel, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 11-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hummel, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/cinemiraclespecs.htm">Cinemiracle Specs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/smith-carney.htm">The Smith-Carney System</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherlock,_p._19-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._19_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._19_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fromm, Gerhard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in70mm.com/newsletter/1999/57/jacobsen/index.htm">"The Work of Jan Jacobsen"</a>, <i>..in 70 mm: The 70 mm Newsletter</i>, Issue 57 (June 1999). Retrieved 2008-12-01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nilsen, Sarah Dawn. <i>Projecting America: Films at the Brussels World's Fair of 1958</i>, p. 96. University of Southern California Press, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/techniscopespecs.htm">Techniscope Specs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherlock,_p._18-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._18_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._18_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nystrom</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nfsa.gov.au/preservation/preservation-glossary/film-gauges">"Film Gauges"</a>. <i>Preservation Glossary</i>. National Film and Sound Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221002128/http://www.nfsa.gov.au/preservation/audiovisual_terms/audiovisual_item.php?term=Film%20Gauges">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-02-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Preservation+Glossary&rft.atitle=Film+Gauges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfsa.gov.au%2Fpreservation%2Fpreservation-glossary%2Ffilm-gauges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+motion+picture+film+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/wingcs6.htm">CinemaScope, p. 6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Viewpoint Japan", <i>The British Journal of Photography</i>, December 3, 1965, p. 1050.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 17-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clark, Paul. <i>The Chinese Cultural Revolution: A History</i>, p. 146. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherlock,_p._37-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._37_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._37_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._37_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hummel, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in70mm.com/newsletter/1998/54/pik_a_movie/index.htm">"Pik-A-Movie"</a>, <i>British Kinematography Sound and Television</i>, August 1973. Retrieved 2008-07-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hummel, p. 18-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hummel, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Giambarba, Paul. <i>The Branding of Polaroid 1957–1977</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://giam.typepad.com/the_branding_of_polaroid_/18_polaroid_polavision_product_identity_by_pg/index.html">Chapter 18</a>, 2004-09-01. Retrieved 2008-07-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-largeformatcinematography-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-largeformatcinematography_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-largeformatcinematography_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAridi2000" class="citation web cs1">Aridi, Sal (July–December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080629163339/http://www.soc.org/opcam/16_jd00/mg16_lrgfrmt.html">"Large Format Cinematography"</a>. <i>Operating Cameraman</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soc.org/opcam/16_jd00/mg16_lrgfrmt.html">the original</a> on 2008-06-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Operating+Cameraman&rft.atitle=Large+Format+Cinematography&rft.date=2000-07%2F2000-12&rft.aulast=Aridi&rft.aufirst=Sal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soc.org%2Fopcam%2F16_jd00%2Fmg16_lrgfrmt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+motion+picture+film+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hummel, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Piccolin, Lukas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in70mm.com/news/2004/swissorama/index.htm">"All-Around Cinema"</a>, in70mm.com, 2004-10-01. Retrieved 2008-07-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vigeant, Phil. Technical schematic drawings of Max8 format, Pro8mm, 2005-11-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwww.jelve.com" class="citation web cs1">www.jelve.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friendlyfirefilms.com/liftarticle.html">"Sleep Always lift article"</a>. <i>www.friendlyfirefilms.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.friendlyfirefilms.com&rft.atitle=Sleep+Always+lift+article&rft.au=www.jelve.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friendlyfirefilms.com%2Fliftarticle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+motion+picture+film+formats" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hummel, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in70mm.com/newsletter/1996/45/restore/index.htm">"Upcoming Re-release of <i>Vertigo</i>"</a>, <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, 1996-06-16. Retrieved 2008-07-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lobban, Grant. "Widescreen and 3D Formats Wallchart", BKSTS. [year unknown]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schwartzberg, Schlomo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1319/is_n1_v28/ai_14029398">"IMAX: Oscar nominated Canadian company on the leading edge of technology"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090215054207/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1319/is_n1_v28/ai_14029398">Archived</a> 2009-02-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Performing Arts and Entertainment in Canada</i>, Spring 1993. Retrieved 2008-07-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Katz, Stephen Douglas. <i>Film Directing Shot by Shot: Visualizing from Concept to Screen</i>, p. 330. Michael Wiese Productions, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Naimark, "Giant Rectangular Screens".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Naimark, "Cylindrical Screens".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Storaro" title="Vittorio Storaro">Storaro, Vittorio</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinematography.net/Files/univision.pdf">Storaro's notes on Univision</a>, date unknown. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sticking_with_35mm-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sticking_with_35mm_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sticking_with_35mm_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hindes, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/1999/film/news/sticking-with-35mm-1117493379/">Sticking with 35mm</a>, <i>Variety</i>, 1999-04-19. Retrieved 2008-05-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisgerber, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in70mm.com/newsletter/2001/64/sds_70/index.htm">Super Dimension 70: New 70 mm Process Demonstrated</a>, in70mm.com, Issue 63 (March 2001). Retrieved 2008-05-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lobban, Grant. "Film Gauges and Soundtracks Wallchart", BKSTS. [year unknown]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-45830723.html">Motion Master</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2019">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <i>Screen Digest</i>, October 1, 1995. Retrieved 2008-05-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nystrom, sidebar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kimble, Greg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in70mm.com/news/2002/this_is_cinerama/chapters/part_4.htm">"This Is Cinerama!": Cinerama's 50th Anniversary, part 4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080401000531/http://www.in70mm.com/news/2002/this_is_cinerama/chapters/part_4.htm">Archived</a> 2008-04-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, in70mm.com, 2002-06-10. Retrieved 2008-05-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherlock,_p._58-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._58_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._58_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._58_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherlock,_p._58_76-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherlock, p. 58</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_motion_picture_film_formats&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Carr, Robert E. and Hayes, R. M., <i>Wide Screen Movies. A History and Filmography of Wide Gauge Filmmaking</i>. Mc Farland & Company, 1988.</li> <li>Hart, Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/index.htm">American Widescreen Museum</a>, 1996–2008. Retrieved on 2008-05-16.</li> <li>Herbert, Stephen and Luke McKernan, eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorian-cinema.net/index.htm">Who's Who of Victorian Cinema</a>, 1996–2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Hummel, Rob (editor). <i>American Cinematographer Manual</i>, 8th edition. Hollywood: ASC Press, 2001.</li> <li>Naimark, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naimark.net/writing/expo.html">Expo '92 Seville</a>, <i>Presence</i>, Vol. 1, No. 3. MIT Press, Summer 1992. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Nystrom, J.E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sparetimelabs.com/animato/animato/filmhist/filmhist.html">History of sub-35mm Film Formats and Cameras</a>, 1998–2001. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Sherlock, Daniel J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080309094629/http://www.film-tech.com/warehouse/tips/WSMC20.pdf">"Wide Screen Movies" Corrections</a>, 1994–2004. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_motion_picture_film_formats&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Baumgarten, Martin W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120123010418/http://lavender.fortunecity.com/lavender/569/8mmfilmgauges.html">8 mm Film Gauges</a>, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>de Vries, Tjitte. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xs4all.nl/%7Ewichm/myth.html">"Cinematographe Lumiere" a myth? Who invented the cinema?</a>, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-10-22.</li> <li>Eastman Kodak Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kodak.com/US/en/motion/s8mm/s840yr.jhtml">40 Years of Super 8</a>, 2005. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Eastman Kodak Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061118131953/http://kodak.com/US/en/motion/about/chrono1.shtml">Kodak Chronology of Motion Picture Films</a>. 2003. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>eFilmCenter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060404233440/http://www.film-center.com/formats.html">Ultimate Table of Formats and Aspect Ratios</a>, date unknown. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Fisher, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/index.htm">Chronomedia</a>, 1970–2006. Retrieved on 2006-10-22.</li> <li>Hart, Douglas C. <i>The Camera Assistant: A Complete Professional Handbook</i>. Newton, Massachusetts: Focal Press, 1996.</li> <li>Hauerslev, Thomas, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.in70mm.com/">in70mm.com</a>, 1985–2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Hayes, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://widescreenmovies.org/WSM01/history.htm">But First, a Brief History of Widescreen...</a> <i>Wide Screen Movies Magazine</i>, Vol. 1, 2002. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Herbert, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060428085402/http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/%7Es-herbert/explan.htm">Museum of the Moving Image</a>, date unknown. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Horak, Jan-Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041018220717/http://www.cinema.ucla.edu/tank/GaugesHorak.htm">Introduction to Film Gauges</a>. UCLA Film and Television Archive, 2000. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Internet Movie Database Incorporated. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/">Internet Movie Database</a>, 1990–2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Jennings, Tom (editor). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deadmedia.org/">The Dead Media Project</a>, 2001? Retrieved on 2006-10-22.</li> <li>Kattelle, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051104223116/http://www.oldfilm.org/nhfWeb/ed/03Symp/03Symp_Kattelle.htm">A Brief History of Amateur Film Gauges and Related Equipment, 1899–2001</a>, 2003. Retrieved on 2006-10-22.</li> <li>Library of Congress, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/edmvhist.html">History of Edison Motion Pictures</a>, date unknown. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>MCC Logical Designs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061214060801/http://www.moviecamera.co.za/info.htm">Technical Info</a>. date unknown. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Mendrala, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tech-notes.tv/Jim/Articles/Cut-Off.html">Aspect Ratio and Image Cutoff</a>, 1994. Retrieved on 2006-10-22.</li> <li>Munafo, Robert P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrob.com/pub/film-video/filmformats.html">Film Formats at MROB</a>, 1996–2008. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Musser, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060318214227/http://www.kino.com/edison/pdfs/FilmNotes_DVD1.pdf">Edison film notes</a>, 2005. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Naughton, Russell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20040302130000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/13071/20040303-0000/www.acmi.net.au/AIC/phd9900.html">Adventures in Cybersound</a>, 1998–2003. Retrieved on 2006-10-22.</li> <li>Newnham, Grahame. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060216073651/http://www.pathefilm.freeserve.co.uk/index.html">Pathefilm collecting</a>, 2000–2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Norwood, Scott E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.film-tech.com/warehouse/tips/faq2/faq2.html">Film Tech FAQ</a>, 1998. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Panavision Incorporated. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060315214728/http://www.panavision.com/aspect_ratio.php">Panavision: Technical Information: Aspect Ratio Overview</a>, 2004. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Roepke, Martina and Henk Verheul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.inter.nl.net/users/ernemann/">Ernemann film</a>, 2002–2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Science Museum Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/search/categories/cinematography">Cinematography collection</a>. Retrieved 2020-05-04.</li> <li>ScreenSound Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060203112503/http://www.screensound.gov.au/glossary.nsf/Pages/Format?OpenDocument">Film Formats</a>, date unknown. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>ScreenSound Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010726233846/http://www.screensound.gov.au/glossary.nsf/Pages/Film+Gauges?OpenDocument">Film Gauges</a>, date unknown. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Society of Camera Operators. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060923031104/http://www.soc.org/magazine.html">Operating Cameraman Magazine</a>, 1991–2005. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>UCLA Film and Television Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427162137/http://www.cinema.ucla.edu/CPM%20Voyager/CPMV26.html">UCLA Film and Television Archive Terminology, Definitions, and Abbreviations List</a>, 2004. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>unknown author. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030701112550/http://member.melbpc.org.au/~cksm/Formats.html">Formats 8 mm</a>, 2004–2005. Retrieved on 2008-06-23.</li> <li>Vigeant, Rhonda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928115734/http://www.pro8mm.com/pro8_pdfs/Press/pressmarch_1_2005.pdf">Max 8 Press Release</a>, 2005. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li> <li>Westphal, Kyle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagofilmsociety.org/2016/02/02/magnascope/">An Enlarged History of Magnascope</a>, 2016. Retrieved on 2018-01-18</li> <li>Wittmann, Armin Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/ecol-pool/diss/fulltext/eth13434.pdf">One Long Image</a>. Dissertation for the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, 1999. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Motion_picture_film_formats143" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_formats" title="Template:Film formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_formats" title="Template talk:Film formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Motion_picture_film_formats143" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Motion picture <a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">film formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Film_gauge" title="Film gauge">Film gauges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/8_mm_film" title="8 mm film">8 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/9.5_mm_film" title="9.5 mm film">9.5 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/16_mm_film" title="16 mm film">16 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/17.5mm_film" class="mw-redirect" title="17.5mm film">17.5 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/28_mm_film" title="28 mm film">28 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/35_mm_movie_film" title="35 mm movie film">35 mm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/70_mm_film" title="70 mm film">70 mm</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="List of film formats">Film formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">35 mm</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CinemaScope" title="CinemaScope">CinemaScope</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/VistaVision" title="VistaVision">VistaVision</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technirama" title="Technirama">Technirama</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anamorphic_format" title="Anamorphic format">Modern anamorphic</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Techniscope" title="Techniscope">Techniscope</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Super_35" title="Super 35">Super 35</a> (1982)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">70 mm</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd-AO" title="Todd-AO">Todd-AO</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Panavision_70" title="Ultra Panavision 70">Ultra Panavision 70</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Super_Panavision_70" title="Super Panavision 70">Super Panavision 70</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> (1970)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">35 mm × 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cinerama" title="Cinerama">Cinerama</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kinopanorama" title="Kinopanorama">Kinopanorama</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cinemiracle" title="Cinemiracle">Cinemiracle</a> (1958)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">Aspect ratio</a> standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Academy_ratio" title="Academy ratio">Academy ratio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/14:9_aspect_ratio" title="14:9 aspect ratio">14:9</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anamorphic_format" title="Anamorphic format">Anamorphic format</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video framing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen">Widescreen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anamorphic_widescreen" title="Anamorphic widescreen">Anamorphic widescreen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Letterboxing_(filming)" title="Letterboxing (filming)">Letterbox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pillarbox" title="Pillarbox">Pillarbox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Windowbox_(filmmaking)" title="Windowbox (filmmaking)">Windowbox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pan_and_scan" title="Pan and scan">Pan and scan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fullscreen_(aspect_ratio)" title="Fullscreen (aspect ratio)">Fullscreen</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_matte" title="Open matte">Open matte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shoot_and_protect" title="Shoot and protect">Shoot and protect</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_motion_picture_film_formats&oldid=1259734724">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_motion_picture_film_formats&oldid=1259734724</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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