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<ul id="toc-Signs_and_symptoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Limbic_encephalitis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbic_encephalitis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Limbic encephalitis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbic_encephalitis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Encephalitis_lethargica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Encephalitis_lethargica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Encephalitis lethargica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Encephalitis_lethargica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cause" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cause"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cause</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cause-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cause subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cause-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Viral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Viral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacterial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacterial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bacterial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacterial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Infectious_Causes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Infectious_Causes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Other Infectious Causes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Infectious_Causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autoimmune_encephalitis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autoimmune_encephalitis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Autoimmune encephalitis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autoimmune_encephalitis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diagnosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prevention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prevention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prevention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prevention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prognosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prognosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Prognosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prognosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Epidemiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidemiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Encephalitis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkefalitis" title="Enkefalitis – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Enkefalitis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="التهاب الدماغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التهاب الدماغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalitis" title="Encefalitis – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Encefalitis" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A" title="এনচেফেলাইটিচ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এনচেফেলাইটিচ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalitis" title="Encefalitis – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Encefalitis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensefalit" title="Ensefalit – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ensefalit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82" title="Энцэфаліт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Энцэфаліт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Енцефалит – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Енцефалит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B" title="ཀླད་ཚད་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀླད་ཚད་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalitis" title="Encefalitis – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Encefalitis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalitis" title="Encefalitis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Encefalitis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalitida" title="Encefalitida – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Encefalitida" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enseffalitis" title="Enseffalitis – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Enseffalitis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzephalitis" title="Enzephalitis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Enzephalitis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%91%DE%A8_%DE%8B%DE%AA%DE%85%DE%A6%DE%88%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ސިކުނޑި ދުޅަވުން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސިކުނޑި ދުޅަވުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entsefaliit" title="Entsefaliit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Entsefaliit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Εγκεφαλίτιδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εγκεφαλίτιδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalitis" title="Encefalitis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Encefalitis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalito" title="Encefalito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Encefalito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entzefalitis" title="Entzefalitis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Entzefalitis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="انسفالیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انسفالیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enc%C3%A9phalite" title="Encéphalite – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Encéphalite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einceifeala%C3%ADteas" title="Einceifealaíteas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Einceifealaíteas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalite" title="Encefalite – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Encefalite" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%87%8C%EC%97%BC" title="뇌염 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뇌염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB_%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գլխուղեղի բորբոքում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գլխուղեղի բորբոքում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="मस्तिष्क ज्वर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मस्तिष्क ज्वर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalitis" title="Encefalitis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Encefalitis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radang_otak" title="Radang otak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Radang otak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilab%C3%B3lga" title="Heilabólga – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Heilabólga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalite" title="Encefalite – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Encefalite" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97" title="דלקת המוח – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דלקת המוח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ენცეფალიტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ენცეფალიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Энцефалит – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Энцефалит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvimbe_wa_ubongo" title="Uvimbe wa ubongo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uvimbe wa ubongo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Энцефалит – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Энцефалит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis" title="Encephalitis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Encephalitis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefal%C4%ABts" title="Encefalīts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Encefalīts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agyvel%C5%91gyullad%C3%A1s" title="Agyvelőgyulladás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Agyvelőgyulladás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="എൻസെഫലൈറ്റിസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എൻസെഫലൈറ്റിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA)" title="चमकी (ताप) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चमकी (ताप)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensefalitis" title="Ensefalitis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ensefalitis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hersenontsteking" title="Hersenontsteking – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hersenontsteking" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%B3%E7%82%8E" title="脳炎 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="脳炎" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8" title="ଏନସେଫାଲାଇଟିସ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଏନସେଫାଲାଇଟିସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensefalit" title="Ensefalit – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ensefalit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapalenie_m%C3%B3zgu" title="Zapalenie mózgu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zapalenie mózgu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalite" title="Encefalite – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Encefalite" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalit%C4%83" title="Encefalită – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Encefalită" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Энцефалит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энцефалит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Энцефалит – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Энцефалит" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis" title="Encephalitis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Encephalitis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalit%C3%ADda" title="Encefalitída – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Encefalitída" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalitis" title="Encefalitis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Encefalitis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B4%DA%A9" title="ھەوکردنی مێشک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەوکردنی مێشک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Енцефалитис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енцефалитис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encefalitis" title="Encefalitis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Encefalitis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aivotulehdus" title="Aivotulehdus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aivotulehdus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A4rninflammation" title="Hjärninflammation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hjärninflammation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="மூளையழற்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூளையழற்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81" title="మెదడువాపు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మెదడువాపు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A" title="สมองอักเสบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมองอักเสบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensefalit" title="Ensefalit – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ensefalit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82" title="Енцефаліт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енцефаліт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%AAm_n%C3%A3o" title="Viêm não – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viêm não" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecefalite" title="Ecefalite – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ecefalite" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis" title="Encephalitis – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Encephalitis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%91%E7%82%8E" title="脑炎 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="脑炎" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E7%82%8E" title="腦炎 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="腦炎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%91%E7%82%8E" title="脑炎 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="脑炎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q199615#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Inflammation of the brain</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Encephalitis</th></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hsv_encephalitis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hsv_encephalitis.jpg/220px-Hsv_encephalitis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hsv_encephalitis.jpg/330px-Hsv_encephalitis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hsv_encephalitis.jpg/440px-Hsv_encephalitis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">MRI</a> scan image shows high signal in the temporal lobes and right inferior frontal gyrus in someone with <a href="/wiki/Herpes_simplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes simplex">herpes simplex</a> encephalitis.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease_(medical_specialty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease (medical specialty)">infectious disease</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Symptoms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">Headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confusion" title="Confusion">confusion</a>, stiff neck, <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Complication_(medicine)" title="Complication (medicine)">Complications</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">Seizures</a>, trouble speaking, <a href="/wiki/Memory_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory problem">memory problems</a>, problems <a href="/wiki/Hearing" title="Hearing">hearing</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">Weeks to months for recovery<sup id="cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Types</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herpes_simplex_encephalitis" title="Herpes simplex encephalitis">Herpes simplex</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Nile_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="West Nile encephalitis">West Nile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">rabies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_equine_encephalitis" title="Eastern equine encephalitis">Eastern equine</a>, others<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2017Fact_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2017Fact-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Causes</th><td class="infobox-data">Infection, autoimmune, certain medication, unknown<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2017Fact_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2017Fact-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnostic method</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Based on symptoms, supported by <a href="/wiki/Blood_tests" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood tests">blood tests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a>, analysis of <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIH2017Fact_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2017Fact-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Treatment</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antiviral_medication" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiviral medication">Antiviral medication</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anticonvulsants" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticonvulsants">anticonvulsants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Corticosteroids">corticosteroids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_respiration" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial respiration">artificial respiration</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prognosis" title="Prognosis">Prognosis</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Variable<sup id="cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">4.3 million (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015Pre_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Pre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">150,000 (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015De_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015De-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Encephalitis</b> is <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">brain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NHS2016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHS2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The severity can be variable with symptoms including reduction or alteration in consciousness, <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confusion" title="Confusion">confusion</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Stiff_neck" class="mw-redirect" title="Stiff neck">stiff neck</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Complications may include <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a>, trouble speaking, <a href="/wiki/Memory_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory problem">memory problems</a>, and problems with <a href="/wiki/Hearing" title="Hearing">hearing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Causes of encephalitis include <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Herpes_simplex_virus" title="Herpes simplex virus">herpes simplex virus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rabies_virus" title="Rabies virus">rabies virus</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Parasites" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasites">parasites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NIH2017Fact_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2017Fact-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other causes include <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoimmune diseases">autoimmune diseases</a> and certain medications.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2017Fact_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2017Fact-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many cases the cause remains unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2017Fact_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2017Fact-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Risk factors include a <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppression" title="Immunosuppression">weak immune system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2017Fact_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2017Fact-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and supported by <a href="/wiki/Blood_tests" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood tests">blood tests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a>, and analysis of <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2017Fact_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2017Fact-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Certain types are preventable with <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NHS2016_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHS2016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treatment may include <a href="/wiki/Antiviral_medications" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiviral medications">antiviral medications</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Acyclovir" class="mw-redirect" title="Acyclovir">acyclovir</a>), <a href="/wiki/Anticonvulsants" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticonvulsants">anticonvulsants</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Corticosteroids">corticosteroids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treatment generally takes place in hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some people require <a href="/wiki/Artificial_respiration" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial respiration">artificial respiration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the immediate problem is under control, <a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_(neuropsychology)" title="Rehabilitation (neuropsychology)">rehabilitation</a> may be required.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2017Fact_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2017Fact-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, encephalitis was estimated to have affected 4.3 million people and resulted in 150,000 deaths worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015Pre_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Pre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015De_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015De-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Signs and symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adults with encephalitis present with acute onset of <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confusion" title="Confusion">confusion</a>, and sometimes seizures. Younger children or <a href="/wiki/Infants" class="mw-redirect" title="Infants">infants</a> may present with irritability, <a href="/wiki/Poor_appetite" class="mw-redirect" title="Poor appetite">poor appetite</a> and fever.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Neurological" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurological">Neurological</a> examinations usually reveal a <a href="/wiki/Drowsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Drowsy">drowsy</a> or confused person. <a href="/wiki/Stiff_neck" class="mw-redirect" title="Stiff neck">Stiff neck</a>, due to the irritation of the <a href="/wiki/Meninges" title="Meninges">meninges</a> covering the brain, indicates that the patient has either <a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Meningoencephalitis" title="Meningoencephalitis">meningoencephalitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limbic_encephalitis">Limbic encephalitis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Limbic encephalitis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Limbic_encephalitis" title="Limbic encephalitis">Limbic encephalitis</a></div> <p>Limbic encephalitis refers to inflammatory disease confined to the <a href="/wiki/Limbic_system" title="Limbic system">limbic system</a> of the brain. The clinical presentation often includes <a href="/wiki/Disorientation" class="mw-redirect" title="Disorientation">disorientation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disinhibition" title="Disinhibition">disinhibition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memory_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory loss">memory loss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seizures" class="mw-redirect" title="Seizures">seizures</a>, and behavioral anomalies. <a href="/wiki/MRI" class="mw-redirect" title="MRI">MRI</a> imaging reveals T2 <a href="/wiki/Hyperintensity" title="Hyperintensity">hyperintensity</a> in the structures of the medial temporal lobes, and in some cases, other limbic structures. Some cases of limbic encephalitis are of autoimmune origin.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Encephalitis_lethargica">Encephalitis lethargica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Encephalitis lethargica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Encephalitis_lethargica" title="Encephalitis lethargica">Encephalitis lethargica</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Encephalitis_lethargica" title="Encephalitis lethargica">Encephalitis lethargica</a> is identified by high fever, <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headache</a>, delayed physical response, and <a href="/wiki/Lethargy" title="Lethargy">lethargy</a>. Individuals can exhibit upper body <a href="/wiki/Weakness" title="Weakness">weakness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscular_pain" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscular pain">muscular pains</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tremor" title="Tremor">tremors</a>, though the cause of encephalitis lethargica is not currently known. From 1917 to 1928, an epidemic of encephalitis <a href="/wiki/Lethargica" class="mw-redirect" title="Lethargica">lethargica</a> occurred worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cause">Cause</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cause"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rabies_Virus_EM_PHIL_1876.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rabies_Virus_EM_PHIL_1876.JPG/220px-Rabies_Virus_EM_PHIL_1876.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rabies_Virus_EM_PHIL_1876.JPG/330px-Rabies_Virus_EM_PHIL_1876.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rabies_Virus_EM_PHIL_1876.JPG/440px-Rabies_Virus_EM_PHIL_1876.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1835" data-file-height="2392" /></a><figcaption>Rabies virus</figcaption></figure> <p>In 30%-40% of encephalitis cases, the etiology remains unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viral">Viral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Viral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Viral_encephalitis" title="Viral encephalitis">Viral encephalitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herpesviral_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpesviral encephalitis">Herpesviral encephalitis</a></div> <p>Viral infections are the usual cause of infectious encephalitis.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viral encephalitis can occur either as a direct effect of an acute <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infection</a>, or as one of the <a href="/wiki/Sequelae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sequelae">sequelae</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Latent_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Latent infection">latent infection</a>. The majority of viral cases of encephalitis have an unknown cause; however, the most common identifiable cause of viral encephalitis is from <a href="/wiki/Herpes_simplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes simplex">herpes simplex</a> infection.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other causes of acute viral encephalitis are <a href="/wiki/Rabies_virus" title="Rabies virus">rabies virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poliovirus" title="Poliovirus">poliovirus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Measles_virus" title="Measles virus">measles virus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additional possible viral causes are <a href="/wiki/Arbovirus" title="Arbovirus">arboviral</a> <a href="/wiki/Flavivirus" title="Flavivirus">flavivirus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_encephalitis" title="Saint Louis encephalitis">St. Louis encephalitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Nile_virus" title="West Nile virus">West Nile virus</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bunyavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunyavirus">bunyavirus</a> (La Crosse strain), <a href="/wiki/Arenavirus" title="Arenavirus">arenavirus</a> (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus), <a href="/wiki/Reoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Reoviridae">reovirus</a> (Colorado tick virus), and <a href="/wiki/Henipavirus" title="Henipavirus">henipavirus</a> infections.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Powassan_virus" title="Powassan virus">Powassan virus</a> is a rare cause of encephalitis.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacterial">Bacterial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bacterial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It can be caused by a <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacterial</a> infection, such as bacterial <a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or may be a complication of a current infectious disease such as <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a> (secondary encephalitis).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other bacterial pathogens, like <i><a href="/wiki/Mycoplasma" title="Mycoplasma">Mycoplasma</a></i> and those causing <a href="/wiki/Rickettsial_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Rickettsial disease">rickettsial disease</a>, cause inflammation of the meninges and consequently encephalitis. <a href="/wiki/Lyme_disease" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a> or <i><a href="/wiki/Bartonella_henselae" title="Bartonella henselae">Bartonella henselae</a></i> may also cause encephalitis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Infectious_Causes">Other Infectious Causes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other Infectious Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certain <a href="/wiki/Parasitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasitic">parasitic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoal</a> infestations, such as <a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">toxoplasmosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> can also cause encephalitis in people with <a href="/wiki/Immune_deficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Immune deficiency">compromised</a> <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune systems</a>. </p><p>The rare but typically deadly forms of encephalitis, <a href="/wiki/Primary_amoebic_meningoencephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis">primary amoebic meningoencephalitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Granulomatous_amoebic_encephalitis" title="Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis">Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis</a>, are caused by free-living <a href="/wiki/Amoeba" title="Amoeba">amoeba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autoimmune_encephalitis">Autoimmune encephalitis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Autoimmune encephalitis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_encephalitis" title="Autoimmune encephalitis">Autoimmune encephalitis</a></div> <p>Autoimmune encephalitis signs can include <a href="/wiki/Catatonia" title="Catatonia">catatonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abnormal" class="mw-redirect" title="Abnormal">abnormal</a> movements, and autonomic <a href="/wiki/Dysregulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysregulation">dysregulation</a>. Antibody-mediated anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor encephalitis and <a href="/wiki/Rasmussen%27s_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasmussen's encephalitis">Rasmussen encephalitis</a> are examples of autoimmune encephalitis.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anti-NMDA_receptor_encephalitis" title="Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis">Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis</a> is the most common autoimmune form, and is accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Ovarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovarian">ovarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Teratoma" title="Teratoma">teratoma</a> in 58 percent of affected women 18–45 years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another autoimmune cause includes <a href="/wiki/Acute_disseminated_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute disseminated encephalitis">acute disseminated encephalitis</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Demyelinating_disease" title="Demyelinating disease">demyelinating disease</a> which primarily affects children.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spinal_tap_newborn.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_tap_newborn.JPG/220px-Spinal_tap_newborn.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_tap_newborn.JPG/330px-Spinal_tap_newborn.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Spinal_tap_newborn.JPG/440px-Spinal_tap_newborn.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="2604" /></a><figcaption>Spinal tap on a newborn</figcaption></figure> <p>People should only be diagnosed with encephalitis if they have a decreased or altered level of consciousness, lethargy, or personality change for at least twenty-four hours without any other explainable cause.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diagnosing encephalitis is done via a variety of tests:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Brain scan, done by <a href="/wiki/MRI" class="mw-redirect" title="MRI">MRI</a>, can determine inflammation and differentiate from other possible causes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EEG" class="mw-redirect" title="EEG">EEG</a>, in monitoring brain activity, encephalitis will produce abnormal signal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_puncture" title="Lumbar puncture">Lumbar puncture</a> (spinal tap), this helps determine via a test using the cerebral-spinal fluid, obtained from the lumbar region.</li> <li>Blood test</li> <li>Urine analysis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction" title="Polymerase chain reaction">Polymerase chain reaction</a> (PCR) testing of the <a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a>, to detect the presence of viral <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> which is a sign of viral encephalitis.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prevention">Prevention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Prevention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vaccination is available against <a href="/wiki/Tick-borne_Encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tick-borne Encephalitis">tick-borne</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis" title="Japanese encephalitis">Japanese encephalitis</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and should be considered for at-risk individuals. Post-infectious <a href="/wiki/Encephalomyelitis" title="Encephalomyelitis">encephalomyelitis</a> complicating <a href="/wiki/Smallpox_vaccination" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallpox vaccination">smallpox vaccination</a> is avoidable, for all intents and purposes, as smallpox is nearly eradicated.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Contraindication" title="Contraindication">Contraindication</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pertussis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertussis">Pertussis</a> immunization should be observed in patients with encephalitis.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An ideal drug to treat brain infection should be small, moderately lipophilic at pH of 7.4, low level of plasma protein binding, volume of distribution of litre per kg, does not have strong affinity towards binding with <a href="/wiki/P-glycoprotein" title="P-glycoprotein">P-glycoprotein</a>, or other efflux pumps on the surface of <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">blood–brain barrier</a>. Some drugs such as isoniazid, pyrazinamide, linezolid, metronidazole, fluconazole, and some fluoroquinolones have good penetration to blood brain barrier.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20930076_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20930076-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Treatment (which is based on supportive care) is as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiviral" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiviral">Antiviral</a> medications (if virus is cause)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antibiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotics">Antibiotics</a>, (if bacteria is cause)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Steroids">Steroids</a> are used to reduce brain swelling</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedatives">Sedatives</a> for restlessness</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetaminophen" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetaminophen">Acetaminophen</a> for fever</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">Occupational</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapy</a> (if brain is affected post-infection)</li></ul></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pyrimethamine" title="Pyrimethamine">Pyrimethamine</a>-based maintenance therapy is often used to treat toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE), which is caused by <i><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasma_gondii" title="Toxoplasma gondii">Toxoplasma gondii</a></i> and can be life-threatening for people with weak immune systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Connollyetal2017_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connollyetal2017-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of <a href="/wiki/Highly_active_antiretroviral_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Highly active antiretroviral therapy">highly active antiretroviral therapy</a> (HAART), in conjunction with the established pyrimethamine-based maintenance therapy, decreases the chance of relapse in patients with HIV and TE from approximately 18% to 11%.<sup id="cite_ref-Connollyetal2017_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connollyetal2017-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a significant difference as relapse may impact the severity and prognosis of disease and result in an increase in healthcare expenditure.<sup id="cite_ref-Connollyetal2017_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connollyetal2017-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The effectiveness of <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">intravenous</a> <a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunoglobulin">immunoglobulin</a> for the management of childhood encephalitis is unclear. <a href="/wiki/Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">Systematic reviews</a> have been unable to draw firm conclusions because of a lack of <a href="/wiki/Randomised" class="mw-redirect" title="Randomised">randomised</a> <a href="/wiki/Double-blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-blind">double-blind</a> studies with sufficient numbers of patients and sufficient follow-up.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is the possibility of a benefit of intravenous immunoglobulin for some forms of childhood encephalitis on some indicators such as length of hospital stay, time to stop spasms, time to regain consciousness, and time to resolution of neuropathic symptoms and fever.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intravenous immunoglobulin for <a href="/wiki/Japanese_encephalitis" title="Japanese encephalitis">Japanese encephalitis</a> appeared to have no benefit when compared with <a href="/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo">placebo</a> (pretend) treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prognosis">Prognosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Prognosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Identification of poor prognostic factors include <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_edema" title="Cerebral edema">cerebral edema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Status_epilepticus" title="Status epilepticus">status epilepticus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thrombocytopenia" title="Thrombocytopenia">thrombocytopenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Venkatesan2015_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venkatesan2015-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, a normal <a href="/wiki/Encephalogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Encephalogram">encephalogram</a> at the early stages of diagnosis is associated with high rates of survival.<sup id="cite_ref-Venkatesan2015_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venkatesan2015-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Epidemiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Encephalitis_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Encephalitis_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg/290px-Encephalitis_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Encephalitis_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg/435px-Encephalitis_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Encephalitis_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg/580px-Encephalitis_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Encephalitis deaths per million persons in 2012 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 10em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffff20; color:black;"> </span> 0-0</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffc020; color:black;"> </span> 1-1</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffa020; color:black;"> </span> 2-2</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff9a20; color:black;"> </span> 3-4</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f08015; color:black;"> </span> 5-9</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e06815; color:black;"> </span> 10-14</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d85010; color:black;"> </span> 15-24</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d02010; color:white;"> </span> 25-45</div></div></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Incidence_(epidemiology)" title="Incidence (epidemiology)">number of new cases a year</a> of acute encephalitis in Western countries is 7.4 cases per 100,000 people per year. In tropical countries, the incidence is 6.34 per 100,000 people per year.<sup id="cite_ref-Jmor_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jmor-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of cases of encephalitis has not changed much over time, with about 250,000 cases a year from 2005 to 2015 in the US. Approximately seven per 100,000 people were hospitalized for encephalitis in the US during this time.<sup id="cite_ref-Venkatesan2015_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venkatesan2015-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, encephalitis was estimated to have affected 4.3 million people and resulted in 150,000 deaths worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015De_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015De-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015Pre_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015Pre-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herpes simplex encephalitis has an incidence of 2–4 per million of the population per year.<sup id="cite_ref-Rozenberg_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rozenberg-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Encephalitis with <a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a> is known as <a href="/wiki/Meningoencephalitis" title="Meningoencephalitis">meningoencephalitis</a>, while encephalitis with involvement of the spinal cord is known as <a href="/wiki/Encephalomyelitis" title="Encephalomyelitis">encephalomyelitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIH2017Fact_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH2017Fact-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word is from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1180947483">.mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek","New Athena Unicode","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre","Noto Sans","Noto Serif","Cardo","Gentium Plus","Gentium Book Plus","Garamond","Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Code2000",sans-serif}</style><span class="polytonic">ἐγκέφαλος</span></span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">enképhalos</i></span> 'brain',<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> composed of <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1180947483"><span class="polytonic">ἐν</span></span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">en</i></span>, 'in' and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1180947483"><span class="polytonic">κεφαλή</span></span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">kephalé</i></span>, 'head', and the medical suffix <i>-itis</i> 'inflammation'.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bickerstaff%27s_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Bickerstaff's encephalitis">Bickerstaff's encephalitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebritis" title="Cerebritis">Cerebritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse_encephalitis" title="La Crosse encephalitis">La Crosse encephalitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_amoebic_meningoencephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis">Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappinia_amoebic_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sappinia amoebic encephalitis">Sappinia amoebic encephalitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernicke%27s_encephalopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wernicke's encephalopathy">Wernicke's encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Encephalitis_Day" title="World Encephalitis Day">World Encephalitis Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zika_virus" title="Zika virus">Zika virus</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NIH207Main-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIH207Main_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Meningitis-and-Encephalitis-Information-Page">"Meningitis and Encephalitis Information Page"</a>. <i>NINDS</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171029065744/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Meningitis-and-Encephalitis-Information-Page">Archived</a> from the 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-60760-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-60760-6"><bdi>978-1-107-60760-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151030055159/https://books.google.com/books?id=hO_lWEDsJYMC&pg=PA156&dq=limbic+encephalitis+definition&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAWoVChMIxouQj-2RxwIVBaKACh1J3w-x#v=onepage&q=limbic%2520encephalitis%2520definition&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-10-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neuropsychological+Neurology%3A+The+Neurocognitive+Impairments+of+Neurological+Disorders&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013-05-02&rft.isbn=978-1-107-60760-6&rft.aulast=Larner&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhO_lWEDsJYMC%26q%3Dlimbic%2Bencephalitis%2Bdefinition%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncephalitis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/encephalitis-lethargica">Encephalitis Lethargica</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke" title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke">NINDS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/encephalitis">"Encephalitis"</a>. <i>www.hopkinsmedicine.org</i>. 2021-08-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Epidemiology and outcomes of acute encephalitis". <i><a href="/wiki/Current_Opinion_in_Neurology" title="Current Opinion in Neurology">Current Opinion in Neurology</a></i>. <b>28</b> (3): 277–282. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FWCO.0000000000000199">10.1097/WCO.0000000000000199</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25887770">25887770</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21041693">21041693</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Neurology&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+and+outcomes+of+acute+encephalitis&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=277-282&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A21041693%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25887770&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FWCO.0000000000000199&rft.aulast=Venkatesan&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncephalitis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jmor-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jmor_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJmorEmsleyFischerSolomon2008" class="citation journal cs1">Jmor F, Emsley HC, Fischer M, Solomon T, Lewthwaite P (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583971">"The incidence of acute encephalitis syndrome in Western industrialised and tropical countries"</a>. <i>Virology Journal</i>. <b>5</b> (134): 134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1743-422X-5-134">10.1186/1743-422X-5-134</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583971">2583971</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18973679">18973679</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virology+Journal&rft.atitle=The+incidence+of+acute+encephalitis+syndrome+in+Western+industrialised+and+tropical+countries&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=134&rft.pages=134&rft.date=2008-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2583971%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18973679&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1743-422X-5-134&rft.aulast=Jmor&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Emsley%2C+HC&rft.au=Fischer%2C+M&rft.au=Solomon%2C+T&rft.au=Lewthwaite%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2583971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncephalitis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rozenberg-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rozenberg_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRozenbergDebackAgut2011" class="citation journal cs1">Rozenberg F, Deback C, Agut H (June 2011). "Herpes simplex encephalitis : from virus to therapy". <i>Infectious Disorders Drug Targets</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 235–250. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2174%2F187152611795768088">10.2174/187152611795768088</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21488834">21488834</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infectious+Disorders+Drug+Targets&rft.atitle=Herpes+simplex+encephalitis+%3A+from+virus+to+therapy&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=235-250&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2174%2F187152611795768088&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21488834&rft.aulast=Rozenberg&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Deback%2C+C&rft.au=Agut%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncephalitis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305002545/http://artflx.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/efts/dicos/woodhouse_test.pl?keyword=%5EBrain%2C%20subs.">"Woodhouse's English-Greek Dictionary"</a> (in German). The University of Chicago Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artflx.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/efts/dicos/woodhouse_test.pl?keyword=^Brain,%20subs.">the original</a> on 2017-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Woodhouse%27s+English-Greek+Dictionary&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartflx.uchicago.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fefts%2Fdicos%2Fwoodhouse_test.pl%3Fkeyword%3D%5EBrain%2C%2520subs.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncephalitis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The word seems to have had a meaning of "lithic imitation of the human brain" at first, according to the <i>Trésor de la langue française informatisé</i> (cf. the article on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/encéphalite">"encéphalite"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171105194524/http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/enc%C3%A9phalite">Archived</a> 2017-11-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>). The first use in the medical sense is attested from the early 19th century in French (J. Capuron, <i>Nouveau dictionnaire de médecine, chirurgie...</i>, 1806), and from 1843 in English respectively (cf. the article <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=encephalitis">"encephalitis"</a> in the <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>). Retrieved 11 March 2017.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinerBudkaChaudhuriKoskiniemi2005" class="citation journal cs1">Steiner I, Budka H, Chaudhuri A, Koskiniemi M, Sainio K, Salonen O, et al. (May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-1331.2005.01126.x">"Viral encephalitis: a review of diagnostic methods and guidelines for management"</a>. <i>European Journal of Neurology</i>. <b>12</b> (5): 331–343. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-1331.2005.01126.x">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01126.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15804262">15804262</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8986902">8986902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Neurology&rft.atitle=Viral+encephalitis%3A+a+review+of+diagnostic+methods+and+guidelines+for+management&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=331-343&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8986902%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15804262&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-1331.2005.01126.x&rft.aulast=Steiner&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Budka%2C+H&rft.au=Chaudhuri%2C+A&rft.au=Koskiniemi%2C+M&rft.au=Sainio%2C+K&rft.au=Salonen%2C+O&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+PG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1468-1331.2005.01126.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncephalitis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasavarajuKuehnertZakiSejvar2014" class="citation journal cs1">Basavaraju SV, Kuehnert MJ, Zaki SR, Sejvar JJ (September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4178385">"Encephalitis caused by pathogens transmitted through organ transplants, United States, 2002-2013"</a>. <i>Emerging Infectious Diseases</i>. <b>20</b> (9): 1443–1451. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3201%2Feid2009.131332">10.3201/eid2009.131332</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4178385">4178385</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25148201">25148201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Encephalitis+caused+by+pathogens+transmitted+through+organ+transplants%2C+United+States%2C+2002-2013&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1443-1451&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4178385%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25148201&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3201%2Feid2009.131332&rft.aulast=Basavaraju&rft.aufirst=SV&rft.au=Kuehnert%2C+MJ&rft.au=Zaki%2C+SR&rft.au=Sejvar%2C+JJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4178385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncephalitis" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" class="citation web cs1">National Center for Biotechnology Information. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024785/">"Encephalitis"</a>. <i>PubMed Health</i>. National Library of Medicine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210828073601/https://misuse.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/error/abuse.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PubMed+Health&rft.atitle=Encephalitis&rft.au=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmedhealth%2FPMHT0024785%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEncephalitis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060516005130/http://www.who.int/topics/encephalitis_viral/en/">WHO: Viral Encephalitis</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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· ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199615" class="extiw" title="d:Q199615">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/A83">A83</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/A86">A86</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/B94.1">B94.1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/G05">G05</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=323">323</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004660">D004660</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb22543.htm">22543</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001415.htm">001415</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/emerg/163-overview">emerg/163</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="104" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" class="extiw" title="d:Wikidata:Scholia">Scholia</a> has a <i>topic</i> profile for <i><b><a href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/topic/Q199615" class="extiw" title="toolforge:scholia/topic/Q199615">Encephalitis</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diseases_of_the_nervous_system,_primarily_CNS" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_nervous_system_disease" title="Template:Central nervous system disease"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_nervous_system_disease" title="Template talk:Central nervous system disease"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_nervous_system_disease" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central nervous system disease"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diseases_of_the_nervous_system,_primarily_CNS" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diseases of the <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a>, primarily <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system_disease" title="Central nervous system disease">CNS</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">Inflammation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Brain" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">Brain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Encephalitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viral_encephalitis" title="Viral encephalitis">Viral encephalitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpesviral_encephalitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpesviral encephalitis">Herpesviral encephalitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbic_encephalitis" title="Limbic encephalitis">Limbic encephalitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encephalitis_lethargica" title="Encephalitis lethargica">Encephalitis lethargica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavernous_sinus_thrombosis" title="Cavernous sinus thrombosis">Cavernous sinus thrombosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_abscess" title="Brain abscess">Brain abscess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amoebic_brain_abscess" title="Amoebic brain abscess">Amoebic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brain and <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encephalomyelitis" title="Encephalomyelitis">Encephalomyelitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_disseminated_encephalomyelitis" title="Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis">Acute disseminated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">Meningitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meningoencephalitis" title="Meningoencephalitis">Meningoencephalitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">Brain</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Encephalopathy" title="Encephalopathy">encephalopathy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neurodegenerative_disease" title="Neurodegenerative disease">Degenerative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extrapyramidal_system" title="Extrapyramidal system">Extrapyramidal</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Movement_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement disorders">movement disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basal_ganglia_disease" title="Basal ganglia disease">Basal ganglia disease</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parkinsonism" title="Parkinsonism">Parkinsonism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">PD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postencephalitic_parkinsonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Postencephalitic parkinsonism">Postencephalitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroleptic_malignant_syndrome" title="Neuroleptic malignant syndrome">NMS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodegeneration_with_brain_iron_accumulation" title="Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation">NBIA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantothenate_kinase-associated_neurodegeneration" title="Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration">PKAN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauopathy" title="Tauopathy">Tauopathy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_supranuclear_palsy" title="Progressive supranuclear palsy">PSP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_system_atrophy" title="Multiple system atrophy">Striatonigral degeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemiballismus" title="Hemiballismus">Hemiballismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntington%27s_disease" title="Huntington's disease">HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivopontocerebellar_atrophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivopontocerebellar atrophy">OA</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyskinesia" title="Dyskinesia">Dyskinesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dystonia" title="Dystonia">Dystonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Status_dystonicus" title="Status dystonicus">Status dystonicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spasmodic_torticollis" title="Spasmodic torticollis">Spasmodic torticollis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meige%27s_syndrome" title="Meige's syndrome">Meige's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blepharospasm" title="Blepharospasm">Blepharospasm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athetosis" title="Athetosis">Athetosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorea" title="Chorea">Chorea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choreoathetosis" title="Choreoathetosis">Choreoathetosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myoclonus" title="Myoclonus">Myoclonus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myoclonic_epilepsy" title="Myoclonic epilepsy">Myoclonic epilepsy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akathisia" title="Akathisia">Akathisia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tremor" title="Tremor">Tremor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_tremor" title="Essential tremor">Essential tremor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intention_tremor" title="Intention tremor">Intention tremor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restless_legs_syndrome" title="Restless legs syndrome">Restless legs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiff-person_syndrome" title="Stiff-person syndrome">Stiff-person</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">Dementia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tauopathy" title="Tauopathy">Tauopathy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early-onset_Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Early-onset Alzheimer's disease">Early-onset</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_progressive_aphasia" title="Primary progressive aphasia">Primary progressive aphasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontotemporal_dementia" title="Frontotemporal dementia">Frontotemporal dementia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Frontotemporal_lobar_degeneration" title="Frontotemporal lobar degeneration">Frontotemporal lobar degeneration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pick%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Pick's disease">Pick's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewy_bodies_dementia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewy bodies dementia">Lewy bodies dementia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_cortical_atrophy" title="Posterior cortical atrophy">Posterior cortical atrophy</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Creutzfeldt%E2%80%93Jakob_disease" title="Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease">Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_dementia" title="Vascular dementia">Vascular dementia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_disease" title="Mitochondrial disease">Mitochondrial disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_syndrome" title="Leigh syndrome">Leigh syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demyelinating_disease" title="Demyelinating disease">Demyelinating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CNS_demyelinating_autoimmune_diseases" title="CNS demyelinating autoimmune diseases">Autoimmune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_demyelinating_diseases_of_the_central_nervous_system" title="Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system">Inflammatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">Multiple sclerosis</a></li> <li>For more detailed coverage, see <a href="/wiki/Template:Demyelinating_diseases_of_CNS" title="Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS">Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Episodic/<br /><a href="/wiki/Paroxysmal_attack" title="Paroxysmal attack">paroxysmal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epileptic_seizure" class="mw-redirect" title="Epileptic seizure">Seizures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Focal_seizure" title="Focal seizure">Focal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalized_epilepsy" title="Generalized epilepsy">Generalised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_epilepticus" title="Status epilepticus">Status epilepticus</a></li> <li>For more detailed coverage, see <a href="/wiki/Template:Epilepsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Epilepsy">Template:Epilepsy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">Headache</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migraine" title="Migraine">Migraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_headache" title="Cluster headache">Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tension_headache" title="Tension headache">Tension</a></li> <li>For more detailed coverage, see <a href="/wiki/Template:Headache" title="Template:Headache">Template:Headache</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cerebrovascular_disease" title="Cerebrovascular disease">Cerebrovascular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transient_ischemic_attack" title="Transient ischemic attack">TIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">Stroke</a></li> <li>For more detailed coverage, see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cerebrovascular_diseases" title="Template:Cerebrovascular diseases">Template:Cerebrovascular diseases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleep disorders">Sleep disorders</a> <ul><li>For more detailed coverage, see <a href="/wiki/Template:Sleep" title="Template:Sleep">Template:Sleep</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">CSF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intracranial_pressure" title="Intracranial pressure">Intracranial hypertension</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocephalus" title="Hydrocephalus">Hydrocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_pressure_hydrocephalus" title="Normal pressure hydrocephalus">Normal pressure hydrocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choroid_plexus_papilloma" title="Choroid plexus papilloma">Choroid plexus papilloma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension" title="Idiopathic intracranial hypertension">Idiopathic intracranial hypertension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebral_edema" title="Cerebral edema">Cerebral edema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_cerebrospinal_fluid_leak" class="mw-redirect" title="Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak">Intracranial hypotension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain_herniation" title="Brain herniation">Brain herniation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reye_syndrome" title="Reye syndrome">Reye syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_encephalopathy" title="Hepatic encephalopathy">Hepatic encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_encephalopathy" title="Toxic encephalopathy">Toxic encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashimoto%27s_encephalopathy" title="Hashimoto's encephalopathy">Hashimoto's encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder" title="Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder">Static encephalopathy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both/either</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Degenerative" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neurodegenerative_disease" title="Neurodegenerative disease">Degenerative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spinocerebellar_ataxia" title="Spinocerebellar ataxia">SA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedreich%27s_ataxia" title="Friedreich's ataxia">Friedreich's ataxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ataxia%E2%80%93telangiectasia" title="Ataxia–telangiectasia">Ataxia–telangiectasia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motor_neuron_diseases" title="Motor neuron diseases">MND</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron" title="Upper motor neuron">UMN</a> only:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_lateral_sclerosis" title="Primary lateral sclerosis">Primary lateral sclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudobulbar_palsy" title="Pseudobulbar palsy">Pseudobulbar palsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_spastic_paraplegia" title="Hereditary spastic paraplegia">Hereditary spastic paraplegia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lower_motor_neuron" title="Lower motor neuron">LMN</a> only:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distal_hereditary_motor_neuronopathies" title="Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies">Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_muscular_atrophies" title="Spinal muscular atrophies">Spinal muscular atrophies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_muscular_atrophy" title="Spinal muscular atrophy">SMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_and_bulbar_muscular_atrophy" title="Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy">SMAX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-linked_spinal_muscular_atrophy_type_2" title="X-linked spinal muscular atrophy type 2">SMAX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distal_spinal_muscular_atrophy_type_1" title="Distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1">DSMA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_distal_spinal_muscular_atrophy" title="Congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy">Congenital DSMA</a></li> <li>Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_muscular_atrophy_with_lower_extremity_predominance_1" title="Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 1">SMALED1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_muscular_atrophy_with_lower_extremity_predominance_2A" title="Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 2A">SMALED2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_muscular_atrophy_with_lower_extremity_predominance_2B" title="Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance 2B">SMALED2B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontocerebellar_hypoplasia" title="Pontocerebellar hypoplasia">SMA-PCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_muscular_atrophy_with_progressive_myoclonic_epilepsy" title="Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy">SMA-PME</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_muscular_atrophy" title="Progressive muscular atrophy">Progressive muscular atrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_bulbar_palsy" title="Progressive bulbar palsy">Progressive bulbar palsy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fazio%E2%80%93Londe_disease" title="Fazio–Londe disease">Fazio–Londe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantile_progressive_bulbar_palsy" title="Infantile progressive bulbar palsy">Infantile progressive bulbar palsy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>both:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis">Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199615#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4152132-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Encephalitis"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85042975">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568595">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="encefalitida"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114466&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000310233&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007543347505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=17916">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&oldid=1257943457">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Encephalitis&oldid=1257943457</a>"</div></div> <div 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