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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1" title="إدوارد ألبرت شاربي شافر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدوارد ألبرت شاربي شافر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%B1" title="ادوارد آلبرت شارپه شفر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادوارد آلبرت شارپه شفر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Sch%C3%A4fer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schäfer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schäfer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99-%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A8" title="אדוארד אלברט שארפי-שפר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדוארד אלברט שארפי-שפר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ედვარდ ალბერტ შარპეი-შაფერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ედვარდ ალბერტ შარპეი-შაფერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1" title="ادوارد البرت شاربى شافر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادوارد البرت شاربى شافر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E4%BD%A9-%E8%B0%A2%E5%BC%97" title="爱德华·阿尔伯特·沙佩-谢弗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爱德华·阿尔伯特·沙佩-谢弗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1117138#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English physiologist (1850–1935)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a></div><div class="fn">Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh">FRSE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians">FRCP</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white portrait photograph of Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, looking to the left, wearing a flat cap and suit. He was a large moustache." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer_2.jpg/230px-Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer_2.jpg/345px-Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer_2.jpg/460px-Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="2365" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1850-06-02</span>)</span>2 June 1850<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Hornsey" title="Hornsey">Hornsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 March 1935<span style="display:none">(1935-03-29)</span> (aged 84)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/North_Berwick" title="North Berwick">North Berwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Lothian" title="East Lothian">East Lothian</a>, Scotland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">Insulin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endocrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocrine">endocrine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> (1902)<br /><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> (1924)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Prize_for_Therapeutics_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh">Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh</a> (1934)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Sharpey" title="William Sharpey">William Sharpey</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</b> (2 June 1850 – 29 March 1935) was a British <a href="/wiki/Physiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiologist">physiologist</a>. </p><p>He is regarded as a founder of <a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">endocrinology</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Sykes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sykes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1894 he discovered and demonstrated the existence of <a href="/wiki/Adrenaline" title="Adrenaline">adrenaline</a> together with <a href="/wiki/George_Oliver_(physician)" title="George Oliver (physician)">George Oliver</a>, and he also coined the term "<a href="/wiki/Endocrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocrine">endocrine</a>" for the secretions of the ductless glands. Schafer's method of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_respiration" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial respiration">artificial respiration</a> is named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-odnb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odnb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schafer coined the word "<a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a>" after theorising that absence of a single substance normally produced by the <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</a> was responsible for <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.jpg/240px-Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.jpg/360px-Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.jpg/480px-Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2255" data-file-height="3036" /></a><figcaption>Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</figcaption></figure> <p>He was born Edward Albert Schäfer, in <a href="/wiki/Hornsey" title="Hornsey">Hornsey</a> in London, the third son of Jessie Brown and James William Henry Schäfer, a merchant born in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, who had come to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> as a young man, and was a naturalised citizen. His mother was English. The family lived in <a href="/wiki/Highgate" title="Highgate">Highgate</a> in north-west <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edward was educated at <a href="/wiki/Clewer_House_School" title="Clewer House School">Clewer House School</a>. From 1868 he studied medicine at <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>, where he was taught by the eminent physiologist <a href="/wiki/William_Sharpey" title="William Sharpey">William Sharpey</a>. He became the first Sharpey Scholar in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1877 Sharpey-Schafer reported to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> his discovery in <a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">jellyfish</a> of what eventually came to be dubbed the <b><a href="/wiki/Nerve_synapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Nerve synapse">nerve synapse</a></b>; the Royal Society was skeptical of the unconventional notion of such spaces separating individual <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a>, and asked him to withdraw his report. In 1888, in Spain, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Santiago Ramón y Cajal</a>, having used the Italian scientist <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a>'s technique for staining nerve cells, published <i>his</i> discovery of the nerve synapse, which in 1889 finally gained acceptance and won Ramón y Cajal recognition as a, alongside Golgi – many say, <i>the</i> – "founder of modern neuroscience".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sharpey-Schafer was appointed Assistant Professor of Practical Physiology in 1874 and was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> in 1878 when he was 28 years old. He was Fullerian Professor at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution" title="Royal Institution">Royal Institution</a> and became Jodrell Professor at UCL in 1883, a position he held until 1899 when he was appointed to the chair of physiology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> (replacing the late <a href="/wiki/William_Rutherford_(physiologist)" title="William Rutherford (physiologist)">William Rutherford</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) where he remained until his retirement in 1933 and becoming Emeritus Professor thereafter. His chair was filled by Prof <a href="/wiki/Ivan_De_Burgh_Daly" title="Ivan De Burgh Daly">Ivan De Burgh Daly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1900 he was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a>. His proposers were <a href="/wiki/William_Turner_(anatomist)" title="William Turner (anatomist)">Sir William Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Crum_Brown" title="Alexander Crum Brown">Alexander Crum Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(oceanographer)" title="John Murray (oceanographer)">Sir John Murray</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Buchan_(meteorologist)" title="Alexander Buchan (meteorologist)">Alexander Buchan</a>. He served as the Society's Vice President from 1913 to 1917 and as President 1929 to 1934. He won the Society's Neill Prize for 1919 to 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1902 he commissioned the Scottish architect <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lorimer" title="Robert Lorimer">Robert Lorimer</a> to design Marly Knowe, a substantial Arts and Crafts villa in the coastal town of <a href="/wiki/North_Berwick" title="North Berwick">North Berwick</a>, east of Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schafer was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Physiological_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiological Society">Physiological Society</a> and from 1908 until 1933 edited the <i><a href="/wiki/Quarterly_Journal_of_Experimental_Physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology">Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the recipient of many honorary degrees and prestigious medals both at home and abroad, including the <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Prize_for_Therapeutics_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh">Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh</a>. His book on the <i>Essentials of Histology</i> ran to 16 editions between 1885 and 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Sykes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sykes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He introduced <a href="/wiki/Adrenal_gland" title="Adrenal gland">suprarenal</a> extract (containing <a href="/wiki/Adrenaline" title="Adrenaline">adrenaline</a> as well as other active substances) into medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schafer became a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> in 1878, was president of the <a href="/wiki/British_Science_Association" title="British Science Association">British Science Association</a> in 1911–1912,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was president of the <a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Association" title="British Medical Association">British Medical Association</a> in 1912. </p><p>He was knighted by King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> in 1913. </p><p>He died at home in North Berwick on 29 March 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_to_Sir_Edward_Sharpey-Schafer,_Elsie_Inglis_Quadrangle,_Edinburgh_University_Medical_Faculty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Plaque_to_Sir_Edward_Sharpey-Schafer%2C_Elsie_Inglis_Quadrangle%2C_Edinburgh_University_Medical_Faculty.jpg/300px-Plaque_to_Sir_Edward_Sharpey-Schafer%2C_Elsie_Inglis_Quadrangle%2C_Edinburgh_University_Medical_Faculty.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Plaque_to_Sir_Edward_Sharpey-Schafer%2C_Elsie_Inglis_Quadrangle%2C_Edinburgh_University_Medical_Faculty.jpg/450px-Plaque_to_Sir_Edward_Sharpey-Schafer%2C_Elsie_Inglis_Quadrangle%2C_Edinburgh_University_Medical_Faculty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Plaque_to_Sir_Edward_Sharpey-Schafer%2C_Elsie_Inglis_Quadrangle%2C_Edinburgh_University_Medical_Faculty.jpg/600px-Plaque_to_Sir_Edward_Sharpey-Schafer%2C_Elsie_Inglis_Quadrangle%2C_Edinburgh_University_Medical_Faculty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>Plaque to Sir Edward Sharpey-Schafer, Elsie Inglis Quadrangle, Edinburgh University Medical Faculty</figcaption></figure> <p>He was married twice, firstly in 1878 to Maud Dixey and after her death in 1896, in 1900 he married Ethel Maud Roberts. There were four children by his first marriage, however, he outlived three of them: his eldest daughter died in 1905 and both his sons died in action in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p><p>Following the death of his eldest son, John Sharpey Schafer, the name of ‘Sharpey', which had been given as a middle name, was hyphenated to Schafer, becoming thereafter (from 1918) Sharpey-Schafer. This was both in memory of his son, and also to perpetuate the name of his teacher, <a href="/wiki/William_Sharpey" title="William Sharpey">William Sharpey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His grandson, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Peter_Sharpey-Schafer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Peter Sharpey-Schafer (page does not exist)">Edward Peter Sharpey-Schafer</a>, was Professor of Medicine at <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas%27_Hospital" title="St Thomas' Hospital">St Thomas' Hospital</a>, London from 1948 until his death in 1963. </p><p>His sister married <a href="/wiki/James_Cossar_Ewart" title="James Cossar Ewart">James Cossar Ewart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Students">Students</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Students"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His students included <a href="/wiki/James_Davidson_Stuart_Cameron" class="mw-redirect" title="James Davidson Stuart Cameron">James Davidson Stuart Cameron</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Murray_Drennan" title="Alexander Murray Drennan">Alexander Murray Drennan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Besides valuable papers on muscular structure, on the chemistry of blood proteids, on absorption, and on the rhythm of voluntary contraction, he wrote: </p> <ul><li><i>A Course of Practical Histology</i> (1877)</li> <li><i>Essentials of Histology</i> (1885; sixth edition, 1902)</li> <li><i>Advanced Text-Book of Physiology by British Physiologists</i> (1898)</li> <li><i>Experimental Physiology</i> (1910)</li></ul> <p>He edited <a href="/wiki/Jones_Quain" title="Jones Quain">Quain's</a> <i>Elements of Anatomy</i> (with G. D. Thane, 8th, 9th, and 10th editions). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terms">Terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Schaefer's method</b> — (artificial respiration) – Patient prone with forehead on one of his arms: straddle across patient with knees on either side of his hips, and press with both hands firmly upon the back over the lower ribs; then raise your body slowly, at the same time relaxing the pressure with your hands. Repeat this forward and backward movement about every five seconds.</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_Medical_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorland's Medical Dictionary">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a> (1938)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sykes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sykes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sykes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSykes2006" class="citation journal cs1">Sykes, A. H. (2006). "Edward Schafer (1850-1935) and artificial respiration". <i>Journal of Medical Biography</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 155–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1258%2Fj.jmb.2006.05-86">10.1258/j.jmb.2006.05-86</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16845462">16845462</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23147853">23147853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Biography&rft.atitle=Edward+Schafer+%281850-1935%29+and+artificial+respiration&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=155-62&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23147853%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16845462&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1258%2Fj.jmb.2006.05-86&rft.aulast=Sykes&rft.aufirst=A.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odnb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-odnb_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F35967">10.1093/ref:odnb/35967</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F35967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074135/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf"><i>Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X"><bdi>0-902-198-84-X</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Index+of+Former+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh+1783%E2%80%932002&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2006-07&rft.isbn=0-902-198-84-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalsoced.org.uk%2Fcms%2Ffiles%2Ffellows%2Fbiographical_index%2Ffells_indexp2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2460253">"SIR EDWARD SHARPEY-SCHAFER, F.R.S. LL.D., M.D., D.Sc., F.R.C.P.Ed"</a>. <i>British Medical Journal</i>. <b>1</b> (3874): 741–742. 1935. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.1.3874.741">10.1136/bmj.1.3874.741</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2460253">2460253</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20778992">20778992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=SIR+EDWARD+SHARPEY-SCHAFER%2C+F.R.S.+LL.D.%2C+M.D.%2C+D.Sc.%2C+F.R.C.P.Ed&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3874&rft.pages=741-742&rft.date=1935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2460253%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20778992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.1.3874.741&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2460253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Wilkinson" title="Alec Wilkinson">Wilkinson, Alec</a>, "Illuminating the Brain's 'Utter Darkness'" (review of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Ehrlich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Ehrlich (page does not exist)">Benjamin Ehrlich</a>, <i>The Brain in Search of Itself: Santiago Ramón y Cajal and the Story of the Neuron</i>, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2023, 447 pp.; and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timothy_J._Jorgensen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timothy J. Jorgensen (page does not exist)">Timothy J. Jorgensen</a>, <i>Spark: The Life of Electricity and the Electricity of Life</i>, Princeton University Press, 2021, 436 pp.), <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>, vol. LXX, no. 2 (February 9, 2023), pp. 32, 34–35. (information cited, on pp. 32 and 34.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2013" class="citation web cs1">Long, Patricia (6 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frontiersmagazine.org/sutherland-simpson-from-saraquoy-to-cornell/">"Sutherland Simpson: From Saraquoy to Cornell"</a>. <i>Frontiers Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+Magazine&rft.atitle=Sutherland+Simpson%3A+From+Saraquoy+to+Cornell&rft.date=2013-08-06&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrontiersmagazine.org%2Fsutherland-simpson-from-saraquoy-to-cornell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC_D_WaterstonA_Macmillan_Shearer2006" class="citation book cs1">C D Waterston; A Macmillan Shearer (July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124115814/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf"><i>Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002: Part 1 (A–J)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/090219884X" title="Special:BookSources/090219884X"><bdi>090219884X</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Former+Fellows+of+The+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh%2C+1783%E2%80%932002%3A+Part+1+%28A%E2%80%93J%29&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2006-07&rft.isbn=090219884X&rft.au=C+D+Waterston&rft.au=A+Macmillan+Shearer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalsoced.org.uk%2Fcms%2Ffiles%2Ffellows%2Fbiographical_index%2Ffells_indexp1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buildings of Scotland: Lothian, by Colin McWilliam</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill,_Leonard1935" class="citation journal cs1">Hill, Leonard (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1935.0005">"Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer"</a>. <i>Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society</i>. <b>1</b>: 404. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1935.0005">10.1098/rsbm.1935.0005</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obituary+Notices+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Sir+Edward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=404&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1935.0005&rft.au=Hill%2C+Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frsbm.1935.0005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/presidentsaddres1912brit">"President's address and the sectional addresses. 1831-"</a>. London. 20 August 1912 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President%27s+address+and+the+sectional+addresses.+1831-&rft.pub=London&rft.date=1912-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpresidentsaddres1912brit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scottish-places.info/people/famousfirst4161.html">"Prof. Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer from The Gazetteer for Scotland"</a>. <i>www.scottish-places.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scottish-places.info&rft.atitle=Prof.+Sir+Edward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer+from+The+Gazetteer+for+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottish-places.info%2Fpeople%2Ffamousfirst4161.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer1935" class="citation journal cs1">Schafer, G. M. S. (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2460276">"Sir Edward Sharpey-Schafer"</a>. <i>BMJ</i>. <b>1</b> (3875): 801. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.1.3875.801-a">10.1136/bmj.1.3875.801-a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2460276">2460276</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Sir+Edward+Sharpey-Schafer&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3875&rft.pages=801&rft.date=1935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2460276%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.1.3875.801-a&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=G.+M.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2460276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124115814/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf"><i>Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X"><bdi>0-902-198-84-X</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sir James Davidson Stuart Cameron (1901–1969)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>rcpe.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rcpe.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Notable+Fellows.+Sir+James+Davidson+Stuart+Cameron+%281901%E2%80%931969%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcpe.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fnotable-fellow.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer">Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Sykes, Alan H.: "Sharpey's Men" in <i>Sharpey's fibres : the life of William Sharpey, the father of modern physiology in England</i>, page 132-135. York : William Sessions, 2001.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKredietWieling2008" class="citation journal cs1">Krediet, C. T. P.; Wieling, W. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Feuropace%2Feun022">"Edward P. Sharpey-Schafer was right: Evidence for systemic vasodilatation as a mechanism of hypotension in cough syncope"</a>. <i>Europace</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 486–488. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Feuropace%2Feun022">10.1093/europace/eun022</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18310080">18310080</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europace&rft.atitle=Edward+P.+Sharpey-Schafer+was+right%3A+Evidence+for+systemic+vasodilatation+as+a+mechanism+of+hypotension+in+cough+syncope&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=486-488&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Feuropace%2Feun022&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18310080&rft.aulast=Krediet&rft.aufirst=C.+T.+P.&rft.au=Wieling%2C+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Feuropace%252Feun022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWriter2004" class="citation journal cs1">Writer, D. (2004). "Sir Edward Sharpey-Schafer and his simple and efficient method of performing artificial respiration". <i>Resuscitation</i>. <b>61</b> (2): 113–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0300-9572%2804%2900133-9">10.1016/S0300-9572(04)00133-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15135186">15135186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Resuscitation&rft.atitle=Sir+Edward+Sharpey-Schafer+and+his+simple+and+efficient+method+of+performing+artificial+respiration&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=113-116&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0300-9572%2804%2900133-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15135186&rft.aulast=Writer&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSparrowFinger2001" class="citation journal cs1">Sparrow, E. P.; Finger, S. (2001). "Edward Albert Schäfer (Sharpey-Schafer) and his Contributions to Neuroscience: Commemorating of the 150th Anniversary of his Birth". <i>Journal of the History of the Neurosciences</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 41–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1076%2Fjhin.10.1.41.5625">10.1076/jhin.10.1.41.5625</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11446263">11446263</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20437970">20437970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+the+Neurosciences&rft.atitle=Edward+Albert+Sch%C3%A4fer+%28Sharpey-Schafer%29+and+his+Contributions+to+Neuroscience%3A+Commemorating+of+the+150th+Anniversary+of+his+Birth&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-57&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A20437970%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11446263&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1076%2Fjhin.10.1.41.5625&rft.aulast=Sparrow&rft.aufirst=E.+P.&rft.au=Finger%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1976" class="citation journal cs1">Hill, A. V. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1307687">"E Sharpey-Schafer and the jubilee of the Physiological Society proceedings"</a>. <i>The Journal of Physiology</i>. <b>263</b> (1): 54P–56P. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1976.sp011621">10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011621</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1307687">1307687</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/796429">796429</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Physiology&rft.atitle=E+Sharpey-Schafer+and+the+jubilee+of+the+Physiological+Society+proceedings&rft.volume=263&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=54P-56P&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1307687%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F796429&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1976.sp011621&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=A.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1307687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMichael1964" class="citation journal cs1">McMichael, J. 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(identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14054462">14054462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Edward+Peter+Sharpey-Schafer&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=7314&rft.pages=951-953&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2863%2990666-4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14054462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2417314">"Sir Edward Sharpey Schafer, F.r.s"</a>. <i>British Medical Journal</i>. <b>2</b> (3234): 1237. 1922. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.2.3234.1237">10.1136/bmj.2.3234.1237</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2417314">2417314</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20770953">20770953</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Sir+Edward+Sharpey+Schafer%2C+F.r.s&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3234&rft.pages=1237&rft.date=1922&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2417314%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20770953&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.2.3234.1237&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2417314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Albert+Sharpey-Schafer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9067167">"Sharpey-Schafer, Sir Edward Albert" from <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnmadjackfuller.homestead.com/fullerianprofessors.html">Fullerian Professorships</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Henry_Garrod" title="Alfred Henry Garrod">Alfred Henry Garrod</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Fullerian_Professor_of_Physiology" title="Fullerian Professor of Physiology">Fullerian Professor of Physiology</a> </b><br />1878–1881 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Gray_McKendrick" title="John Gray McKendrick">John Gray McKendrick</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Copley_Medallists_(1901–1950)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Copley_Medallists_1901%E2%80%931950" title="Template:Copley Medallists 1901–1950"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Copley_Medallists_1901%E2%80%931950" title="Template talk:Copley Medallists 1901–1950"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Copley_Medallists_1901%E2%80%931950" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Copley Medallists 1901–1950"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Copley_Medallists_(1901–1950)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medallists</a> (1901–1950)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a> (1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Suess" title="Eduard Suess">Eduard Suess</a> (1903)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a> (1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a> (1905)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Metchnikoff" title="Élie Metchnikoff">Élie Metchnikoff</a> (1906)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Albert A. Michelson</a> (1907)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> (1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a> (1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a> (1910)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Darwin" title="George Darwin">George Darwin</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a> (1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Lankester" title="Ray Lankester">Ray Lankester</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a> (1915)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a> (1916)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Paul Émile Roux">Pierre Paul Émile Roux</a> (1917)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a> (1918)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bayliss" title="William Bayliss">William Bayliss</a> (1919)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Horace_Tabberer_Brown" title="Horace Tabberer Brown">Horace Tabberer Brown</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Larmor" title="Joseph Larmor">Joseph Larmor</a> (1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> (1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Horace_Lamb" title="Horace Lamb">Horace Lamb</a> (1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</a> (1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1925)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Algernon_Parsons" title="Charles Algernon Parsons">Charles Algernon Parsons</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schuster" title="Arthur Schuster">Arthur Schuster</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theobald_Smith" title="Theobald Smith">Theobald Smith</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">John Scott Haldane</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans" title="Arthur Evans">Arthur Evans</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a> (1939)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Langevin" title="Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lewis_(cardiologist)" title="Thomas Lewis (cardiologist)">Thomas Lewis</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barcroft" title="Joseph Barcroft">Joseph Barcroft</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G._I._Taylor" title="G. I. Taylor">Geoffrey Ingram Taylor</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Avery" title="Oswald Avery">Oswald Avery</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Adrian" title="Edgar Adrian">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G._H._Hardy" title="G. H. Hardy">G. H. Hardy</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Archibald Hill</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> (1950)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117138#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117138#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117138#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109401888">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122191991">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1546637/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxCvr84pxq6VCFgCfckjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117096679">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no98127198">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb131645083">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb131645083">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Schäfer, Edward Albert"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CUBV133259">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35382720">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sharpey-Schafer, Albert"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000090165&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1434618">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067615260">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90572800">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007365025505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04689218?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57009572700">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/sir-edward-sharpey-schaefer/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/932996">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117096679.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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