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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Before_colonisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_colonisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Before colonisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_colonisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Biodiversity and conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Summary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tax_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tax_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tax policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tax_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Largest_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Largest cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Essequibo_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essequibo_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Essequibo conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essequibo_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_procurement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_procurement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Public procurement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_procurement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Human rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regions_and_Neighbourhood_Councils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions_and_Neighbourhood_Councils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Regions and Neighbourhood Councils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions_and_Neighbourhood_Councils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Natural regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_and_regional_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_and_regional_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>International and regional relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_and_regional_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International and regional relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_and_regional_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boundary_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boundary_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Boundary disputes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boundary_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Organisation_of_American_States_(OAS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Organisation_of_American_States_(OAS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>The Organisation of American States (OAS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Organisation_of_American_States_(OAS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indigenous_Leaders_Summits_of_America_(ILSA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_Leaders_Summits_of_America_(ILSA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Indigenous Leaders Summits of America (ILSA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_Leaders_Summits_of_America_(ILSA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agreements_which_affect_financial_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agreements_which_affect_financial_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Agreements which affect financial relationships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agreements_which_affect_financial_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Double_Taxation_Relief_(CARICOM)_Treaty_1994" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Double_Taxation_Relief_(CARICOM)_Treaty_1994"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.1</span> <span>The Double Taxation Relief (CARICOM) Treaty 1994</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Double_Taxation_Relief_(CARICOM)_Treaty_1994-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FATCA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FATCA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.2</span> <span>FATCA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FATCA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure_and_telecommunications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure_and_telecommunications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Infrastructure and telecommunications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure_and_telecommunications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure and telecommunications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure_and_telecommunications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Electricity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guyana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 236 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-236" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">236 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Гайанэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Гайанэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8B%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%93" title="ጋያና – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጋያና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="गुयाना – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गुयाना" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гаиана – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Гаиана" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="غيانا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غيانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaiana" title="Gaiana – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Gaiana" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="गयाना – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गयाना" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guj%C3%A1na" title="Gujána – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gujána" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayana" title="Wayana – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Wayana" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qayana" title="Qayana – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qayana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قویان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قویان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="গায়ানা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গায়ানা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гаяна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гаяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гаяна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гаяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="गयाना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गयाना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гвиана – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гвиана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="གུ་ཡ་ན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གུ་ཡ་ན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvajana" title="Gvajana – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gvajana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaiana" title="Gaiana – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gaiana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%A3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ݣويانا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ݣويانا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A7" title="ގުޔާނާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގުޔާނާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%CA%BCe%CA%BCaahj%C3%AD_T%C3%B3%C5%82%C3%A1n%C3%ADinii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Eʼeʼaahjí Tółáníinii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Eʼeʼaahjí Tółáníinii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="गुयाना – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="गुयाना" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Γουιάνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουιάνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujano" title="Gujano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gujano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گویان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گویان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujana" title="Gujana – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gujana" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyaana" title="Guyaana – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Guyaana" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghu%C3%A1in" title="An Ghuáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghuáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geeaaney" title="Geeaaney – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Geeaaney" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayana" title="Gayana – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Gayana" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiana" title="Guiana – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Guiana" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCiana" title="Güiana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Güiana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE" title="ગુયાના – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગુયાના" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B5%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌵𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌵𐌰𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="गयाना – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="गयाना" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84%EB%82%98" title="가이아나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가이아나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiana" title="Kaiana – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kaiana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Գայանա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գայանա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="गयाना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गयाना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvajana" title="Gvajana – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gvajana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="গায়েনা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গায়েনা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Гайанæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гайанæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gv%C3%A6jana" title="Gvæjana – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gvæjana" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="גיאנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיאנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಗಯಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಯಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გაიანა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაიანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyana" title="Gyana – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gyana" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giyana" title="Giyana – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Giyana" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giyana" title="Giyana – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Giyana" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwiyannan" title="Gwiyannan – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Gwiyannan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2" title="ປະເທດກາຍອານາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດກາຍອານາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajana" title="Gajana – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Gajana" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiana" title="Guiana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Guiana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaj%C4%81na" title="Gajāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gajāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajana" title="Gajana – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gajana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwiana" title="Gwiana – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Gwiana" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiana" title="Guiana – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Guiana" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaijana" title="Gaijana – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Gaijana" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gudjanas" title="gudjanas – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gudjanas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujana" title="Gujana – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gujana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гвајана – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гвајана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goiana" title="Goiana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Goiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8" title="ഗയാന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗയാന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujana" title="Gujana – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Gujana" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiana" title="Kaiana – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kaiana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="गयाना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गयाना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გაიანა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გაიანა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="جويانا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جويانا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="گویان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گویان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯒꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒꯨꯌꯥꯅꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гаяна – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Гаяна" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂိုင်ယာနာနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂိုင်ယာနာနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="गयाना – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गयाना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A" title="ガイアナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガイアナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyaana" title="Guyaana – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guyaana" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwiiana" title="Gwiiana – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Gwiiana" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ଗାୟନା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗାୟନା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayaanaa" title="Gayaanaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gayaanaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayana" title="Gayana – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gayana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਗੁਇਆਨਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਇਆਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="गयाना – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="गयाना" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گیانا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گیانا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ګيانا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګيانا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayana" title="Gayana – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Gayana" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujan-a" title="Gujan-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gujan-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giana" title="Giana – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Giana" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujana" title="Gujana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gujana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiana" title="Guiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayana" title="Gayana – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Gayana" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayana" title="Gayana – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Gayana" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayana" title="Wayana – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wayana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="गयाना – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गयाना" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guajana" title="Guajana – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Guajana" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujana" title="Gujana – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gujana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ගයනාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගයනාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گيانا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گيانا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t)" title="Guyana (štát) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Guyana (štát)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvajana" title="Gvajana – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gvajana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujana" title="Gujana – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gujana" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گویانا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گویانا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayanakondre" title="Kayanakondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Kayanakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гвајана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гвајана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvajana" title="Gvajana – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gvajana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="கயானா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கயானா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%82%87%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵၢႆႇယႃးၼႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵၢႆႇယႃးၼႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="గయానా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గయానా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giana" title="Giana – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Giana" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="ประเทศกายอานา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศกายอานา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiana" title="Kuiana – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kuiana" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga%C3%BDana" title="Gaýana – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gaýana" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гайана – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Гайана" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гаяна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гаяна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گیانا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گیانا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="گايانا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گايانا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gveihyanaz" title="Gveihyanaz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gveihyanaz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiana" title="Guiana – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Guiana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajan" title="Gajan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gajan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gvay%C3%A4n" title="Gvayän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Gvayän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwiyane" title="Gwiyane – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gwiyane" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9E%E9%82%A3" title="圭亞那 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="圭亞那" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyaana" title="Guyaana – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Guyaana" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" title="圭亚那 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圭亚那" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2" title="גייאנע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גייאנע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B9y%C3%A1n%C3%A0" title="Gùyánà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gùyánà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9E%E9%82%A3" title="圭亞那 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="圭亞那" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huyana" title="Huyana – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Huyana" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajana" title="Gajana – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gajana" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" title="圭亚那 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圭亚那" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Guyana" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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other data for this location">5°N 58.75°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5; -58.75</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Caribbean country in South America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the South American country. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Guyana_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Guyana (disambiguation)">Guyana (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Guiana" class="mw-disambig" title="Dutch Guiana">Dutch Guiana</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Co-operative Republic of Guyana</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guyana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Guyana"><img alt="Flag of Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/125px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/188px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/250px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guyana" title="Flag of Guyana">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Guyana"><img alt="Coat of arms of Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana" title="Coat of arms of Guyana"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b>"One People, One Nation, One Destiny"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> "<a href="/wiki/Dear_Land_of_Guyana,_of_Rivers_and_Plains" title="Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains">Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains</a>"<br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="54" data-mwtitle="National_Anthem_of_Guyana.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/National_Anthem_of_Guyana.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/National_Anthem_of_Guyana.ogg/National_Anthem_of_Guyana.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Guyana.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Guyana.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Guyana.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Guyana.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyana_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Guyana (green) in South America (grey)"><img alt="Location of Guyana (green) in South America (grey)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Guyana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Guyana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Guyana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Guyana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Guyana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Guyana_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Guyana (green)<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> (grey)</p></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Guyana" title="Georgetown, Guyana">Georgetown</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guyana&params=6_48_21_N_58_9_3_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°48′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">58°9′3″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.80583°N 58.15083°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.80583; -58.15083</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="ib-country-lang">Recognised regional languages</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div>10 indigenous languages</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kap%C3%B3ng_language" title="Kapóng language">Akawaio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Macushi_language" title="Macushi language">Macushi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Waiwai_language" title="Waiwai language">Waiwai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arawak_language" title="Arawak language">Arawak (Lokono)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Patamona_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Patamona language">Patamona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Warao_language" title="Warao language">Warao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Carib_language" title="Carib language">Carib</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wapishana_language" title="Wapishana language">Wapishana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pemon_language" title="Pemon language">Pemon (Arekuna)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mawayana_language" title="Mawayana language">Mawayana</a></li></ul></div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">Vernacular language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Creole" title="Guyanese Creole">Guyanese Creole</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div>5 languages</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani#Guyanese_Hindustani" title="Caribbean Hindustani">Guyanese Hindustani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li></ul></div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-statisticsguyana.gov.gy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statisticsguyana.gov.gy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>39.8% <a href="/wiki/Indo-Guyanese" title="Indo-Guyanese">Indian</a></li><li><span class="nowrap">29.3% <a href="/wiki/Afro-Guyanese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Guyanese people">African</a></span></li><li>19.9% <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">Multiracial</a></li><li>10.5% <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Guyana" title="Indigenous peoples in Guyana">Indigenous</a></li><li>0.3% <a href="/wiki/White_Caribbeans" class="mw-redirect" title="White Caribbeans">European</a></li><li>0.2% <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Guyanese" title="Chinese Guyanese">Chinese</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>54.2% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li>31.0% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Guyana" title="Hinduism in Guyana">Hinduism</a></li><li>7.5% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Guyana" title="Islam in Guyana">Islam</a></li><li>4.2% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li>3.1% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guyana" title="Religion in Guyana">others</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_people" title="Guyanese people">Guyanese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guyana" title="Politics of Guyana">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_system_of_government#Parliamentary_republics_with_an_executive_presidency" title="List of countries by system of government">parliamentary republic with an executive presidency</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Guyana" title="President of Guyana">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Irfaan Ali</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Guyana" title="Vice President of Guyana">First Vice President</a> & <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guyana" title="Prime Minister of Guyana">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Phillips_(Guyanese_politician)" title="Mark Phillips (Guyanese politician)">Mark Phillips</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Guyana" title="Vice President of Guyana">Second Vice President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bharrat_Jagdeo" title="Bharrat Jagdeo">Bharrat Jagdeo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Guyana" title="List of speakers of the National Assembly of Guyana">Speaker of the National Assembly</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manzoor_Nadir" title="Manzoor Nadir">Manzoor Nadir</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Guyana" title="Chief Justice of Guyana">Chief Justice</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roxane_George-Wiltshire" title="Roxane George-Wiltshire">Roxane George-Wiltshire</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Guyana)" title="National Assembly (Guyana)">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Establishment</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonisation_of_the_Guianas" title="Dutch colonisation of the Guianas">Dutch control</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1667–1815</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1831–1966</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">Independence</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> as <a href="/wiki/Guyana_(1966%E2%80%931970)" title="Guyana (1966–1970)">Guyana</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">26 May 1966</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">23 February 1970</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Joined <a href="/wiki/CARICOM" class="mw-redirect" title="CARICOM">CARICOM</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chaguaramas" title="Treaty of Chaguaramas">Treaty of Chaguaramas</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 August 1973</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Guyana" title="Constitution of Guyana">Current constitution</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 October 1980</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guyana" title="Geography of Guyana">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">214,969<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AH_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (83,000 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">83rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8.4</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guyana" title="Demographics of Guyana">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">817,607<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">166th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3.502/km<sup>2</sup> (9.1/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">239th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $63.822 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.GY_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.GY-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">115th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $80,137<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.GY_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.GY-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">10th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $21.178 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.GY_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.GY-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">124th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $26,592<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.GY_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.GY-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">42nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2007)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 44.6<sup id="cite_ref-wb-gini_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#707070">medium inequality</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.742<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:forestgreen">high</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">95th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_dollar" title="Guyanese dollar">Guyanese dollar</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">GYD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>-4</span> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Standard Time">AST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">dd-mm-yyyy</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Guyana" title="Telephone numbers in Guyana">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B592" class="mw-redirect" title="+592">+592</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GY" title="ISO 3166-2:GY">GY</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.gy" title=".gy">.gy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Guyana</b> <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially the <b>Co-operative Republic of Guyana</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-ISW_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a country on the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, part of the historic mainland <a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies" title="British West Indies">British West Indies</a>. <a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Guyana" title="Georgetown, Guyana">Georgetown</a> is the capital of Guyana and is also the country's largest city. Guyana is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> to the south and southwest, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> to the east. With a land area of 214,969 km<sup>2</sup> (83,000 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guyana is the third-smallest <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a> by area in mainland South America after <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and Suriname, and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_South_American_countries_by_population" title="List of South American countries by population">second-least populous sovereign state in South America</a> after Suriname; it is also <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">one of the least densely populated countries on Earth</a>. The official language of the country is <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, although a large part of the population is bilingual in English and the indigenous languages. It has a wide variety of natural habitats and very high <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>. The country also hosts a part of the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a> in the world. </p><p>The region known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">the Guianas</a>" consists of the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Shield" title="Guiana Shield">large shield landmass</a> north of the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon River</a> and east of the <a href="/wiki/Orinoco" title="Orinoco">Orinoco River</a> known as the "land of many waters". Nine <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Guyana" title="Indigenous peoples in Guyana">indigenous</a> tribes reside in Guyana: the <a href="/wiki/Wai-wai_people" title="Wai-wai people">Wai Wai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macushi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Macushi people">Macushi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patamona_people" title="Patamona people">Patamona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lokono" title="Lokono">Lokono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wapishana_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wapishana people">Wapishana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemon_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemon people">Pemon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akawaio_people" title="Akawaio people">Akawaio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warao_people" title="Warao people">Warao</a>. Historically dominated by the Lokono and Kalina tribes, Guyana was colonised by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch</a> before coming under <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British control</a> in the late 18th century. It was governed as <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> with a mostly plantation-style economy until the 1950s. It gained independence in 1966 and officially became a republic within the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> in 1970. The legacy of British colonialism is reflected in the country's political administration, lingua franca and diverse population, which includes <a href="/wiki/Indo-Guyanese" title="Indo-Guyanese">Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afro-Guyanese" title="Afro-Guyanese">African</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Guyana" title="Indigenous peoples in Guyana">Indigenous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Guyanese" title="Chinese Guyanese">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guyanese" title="Portuguese Guyanese">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_Caribbeans" class="mw-redirect" title="White Caribbeans">other European</a>, and various multiracial groups. </p><p>Guyana is the only mainland South American nation in which English is the official language. However, the majority of the population speak <a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Creole" title="Guyanese Creole">Guyanese Creole</a>, an <a href="/wiki/English-based_creole_language" class="mw-redirect" title="English-based creole language">English-based creole language</a>, as a first language. Guyana is part of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Caribbean" title="Commonwealth Caribbean">Commonwealth Caribbean</a>. It is part of the mainland <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean region</a> maintaining strong cultural, historical, and political ties with other <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> countries as well as serving as the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_(administrative_office)" title="Secretariat (administrative office)">headquarters</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a> (CARICOM). In 2008, the country joined the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a> as a founding member. </p><p>In 2017, 41% of the population of Guyana lived below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guyana's economy has been undergoing a transformation since the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> in 2015 and commercial drilling in 2019, with its economy growing by 49% in 2020, making it, by some accounts, currently the world's fastest-growing economy. As it is said to have 11 billion barrels in oil reserves,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the country is set to become one of the largest per capita oil producers in the world by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discovery of over 11 billion barrels of oil reserves off the coast of Guyana since 2017 is the largest addition to <a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_reserves_and_resource_quantification" title="Oil and gas reserves and resource quantification">global oil reserves</a> since the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guyana is now ranked as having the fourth-highest GDP per capita in the Americas after the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a>, and has been one of the countries with the most improvement in <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> ranking since 2015. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> in 2023, very significant poverty still exists and the country faces significant risks in structurally managing its growth.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "Guyana" derives from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">Guiana</a></i>, an earlier name for a larger region that included the areas now called Guyana (<a href="/wiki/British_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="British Guyana">British Guyana</a>), <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonisation_of_the_Guianas" title="Dutch colonisation of the Guianas">Dutch Guiana</a>), <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Guayana_Region,_Venezuela" title="Guayana Region, Venezuela">Guayana Region</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guayana_Province" title="Guayana Province">Spanish Guyana</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Portuguese Guiana</a>). According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, the name "Guyana" comes from an indigenous Amerindian language and means "land of many waters".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>Co‑operative</i> in the official name refers to <a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_liberal_democratic_constitutions#Guyana" title="Socialism in liberal democratic constitutions">co-operative socialism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Guyana" title="History of Guyana">History of Guyana</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Essequibo_River_in_1826_R%C3%ADo_Esequibo_en_1826_Gran_Colombia_and_British_Guiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Essequibo_River_in_1826_R%C3%ADo_Esequibo_en_1826_Gran_Colombia_and_British_Guiana.jpg/220px-Essequibo_River_in_1826_R%C3%ADo_Esequibo_en_1826_Gran_Colombia_and_British_Guiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Essequibo_River_in_1826_R%C3%ADo_Esequibo_en_1826_Gran_Colombia_and_British_Guiana.jpg/330px-Essequibo_River_in_1826_R%C3%ADo_Esequibo_en_1826_Gran_Colombia_and_British_Guiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Essequibo_River_in_1826_R%C3%ADo_Esequibo_en_1826_Gran_Colombia_and_British_Guiana.jpg/440px-Essequibo_River_in_1826_R%C3%ADo_Esequibo_en_1826_Gran_Colombia_and_British_Guiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>A map of Dutch and British Guiana in 1826</figcaption></figure></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_colonisation">Before colonisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Before colonisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>What is now Guyana has been inhabited for millennia.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Guyana" title="Indigenous peoples in Guyana">indigenous</a> tribes reside in Guyana: the <a href="/wiki/Wai-wai_people" title="Wai-wai people">Wai Wai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macushi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Macushi people">Macushi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patamona_people" title="Patamona people">Patamona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lokono" title="Lokono">Lokono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wapishana_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wapishana people">Wapishana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemon_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemon people">Pemon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akawaio_people" title="Akawaio people">Akawaio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warao_people" title="Warao people">Warao</a>. Many of these peoples practised <a href="/wiki/Shifting_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Shifting agriculture">shifting agriculture</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a>. Historians speculate that the Arawaks and Caribs originated in the South American hinterland and migrated northward, first to the present-day Guianas and then to the Caribbean islands. The Arawak, mainly cultivators, hunters, and fishermen, migrated to the Caribbean islands before the Carib and settled throughout the region.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> was the first European to sight Guyana during his third voyage (in 1498), and Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a> wrote an account in 1596, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a> were the first Europeans to establish colonies: <a href="/wiki/Pomeroon_(colony)" title="Pomeroon (colony)">Pomeroon</a> (1581), <a href="/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Essequibo</a> (1616), <a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a> (1627), and <a href="/wiki/Demerara" title="Demerara">Demerara</a> (1752). After France invaded the Dutch Republic (<a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">1795</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> assumed control in 1796, with the Dutch and British signing the London Convention in 1814 that ceded <a href="/wiki/Demerara-Essequibo" title="Demerara-Essequibo">Demerara-Essequibo</a> and Berbice to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1831, the united colonies of Demerara-Essequibo and separate colony of Berbice together became a single British colony known as <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1034237262"><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boundary_lines_of_British_Guiana_1896.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Boundary_lines_of_British_Guiana_1896.jpg/220px-Boundary_lines_of_British_Guiana_1896.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Boundary_lines_of_British_Guiana_1896.jpg/330px-Boundary_lines_of_British_Guiana_1896.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Boundary_lines_of_British_Guiana_1896.jpg/440px-Boundary_lines_of_British_Guiana_1896.jpg 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="1388" /></a><figcaption>Map of <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> from 1896</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>Since its independence in 1824, Venezuela has claimed the area of land to the west of the <a href="/wiki/Essequibo_River" title="Essequibo River">Essequibo River</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a> wrote to the British government warning against the Berbice and Demerara settlers settling on land which the Venezuelans, as assumed heirs of Spanish claims on the area dating to the 16th century, claimed was theirs. In 1899, an international tribunal ruled that the land belonged to Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814</a>, the British inherited <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonisation_of_the_Guianas" title="Dutch colonisation of the Guianas">Dutch territory</a> which included lands between the <a href="/wiki/Orinoco_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Orinoco river">Orinoco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Courantyne_River" title="Courantyne River">Courantyne</a> rivers. Dutch sovereignty over these settlements was recognised in 1648 by Spain with the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Peace of Münster">Peace of Münster</a>, which stated under Article 5 that the Dutch would retain all of the <b>lordships, cities, castles, fortresses, trades and lands in the... West Indies</b><sup id="cite_ref-guyanachronicle_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guyanachronicle-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under their possession at the time. However, the treaty did not specify the boundary between <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Guiana">Spanish Guiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonisation_of_the_Guianas" title="Dutch colonisation of the Guianas">Dutch Guiana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guyana achieved independence from the United Kingdom as a dominion on 26 May 1966 and became a republic on 23 February 1970, remaining a member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>. Shortly after independence, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> began to take diplomatic, economic, and military action against Guyana to enforce its <a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_territorial_dispute" title="Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute">territorial claim to the Essequibo region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:56_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:56-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five months after Guyana's independence, in October 1966, Venezuelan troops crossed the international border and seized <a href="/wiki/Ankoko_Island" title="Ankoko Island">Ankoko Island</a> which has been under occupation ever since.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venezuelan troops quickly constructed military installations and an airstrip.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following independence, <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Burnham" title="Forbes Burnham">Forbes Burnham</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_National_Congress_Reform" title="People's National Congress Reform">People's National Congress Reform</a> rose to power, quickly becoming a repressive authoritarian leader.<sup id="cite_ref-bulkan2021_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulkan2021-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Politics became divided on race with the Afro-Guyanese supporting Burnham's <a href="/wiki/People%27s_National_Congress_Reform" title="People's National Congress Reform">People's National Congress</a> and the Indo-Guyanese supporting <a href="/wiki/Cheddi_Jagan" title="Cheddi Jagan">Jagan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Progressive_Party/Civic" title="People's Progressive Party/Civic">People's Progressive Party</a>, in what became known as <i>aapan <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81ti" title="Jāti">jaat</a></i> politics, loosely translated from <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani#Guyanese_Hindustani" title="Caribbean Hindustani">Guyanese Hindustani</a> as "vote for your own kind". </p><p>Guyana was elected three times as a member of the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> in 1975–76, 1982–83 and 2024–25. </p><p>In 1978, a total of 918 people died at the <a href="/wiki/Jonestown" title="Jonestown">Jonestown mass murder-suicide</a> led by American cult leader <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jones" title="Jim Jones">Jim Jones</a> at a remote settlement in northwest Guyana.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> visited Guyana to lobby for the resumption of free elections. On 5 October 1992, a new National Assembly and regional councils were elected in the first Guyanese election since 1964 to be internationally recognised as free and fair. <a href="/wiki/Cheddi_Jagan" title="Cheddi Jagan">Cheddi Jagan</a> of the PPP was elected and sworn in as president on 9 October 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-ciawfguy_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciawfguy-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bulkan2021_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulkan2021-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reversed the monopoly that Afro-Guyanese traditionally had over Guyanese politics. The poll was marred by violence however. </p><p>In May 2008, President <a href="/wiki/Bharrat_Jagdeo" title="Bharrat Jagdeo">Bharrat Jagdeo</a> was a signatory to the <a href="/wiki/UNASUR_Constitutive_Treaty" title="UNASUR Constitutive Treaty">UNASUR Constitutive Treaty</a> of the Union of South American Nations. The Guyanese government officially ratified the treaty in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2020, President <a href="/wiki/David_A._Granger" title="David A. Granger">David A. Granger</a> narrowly lost the <a href="/wiki/2020_Guyanese_general_election" title="2020 Guyanese general election">snap elections</a>, following Granger's government loss of a vote of no confidence back in 2018. Granger refused to accept the results, but eventually five months later, <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Irfaan Ali</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Progressive_Party/Civic" title="People's Progressive Party/Civic">People's Progressive Party/Civic</a> was sworn in as the new president because of allegations of fraud and irregularities.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_of_Guyana" title="National Trust of Guyana">National Trust of Guyana</a> has designated nine historic sites as national monuments.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/2023_Venezuelan_referendum" title="2023 Venezuelan referendum">referendum in neighbouring Venezuela</a> was held in December 2023 on the annexation of the <a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_territorial_dispute" title="Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute">disputed Essequibo region</a>, which lies entirely in the territory of Guyana.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vote passed with a 95% majority, but with a low turnout, with analysts stating Maduro's government had falsified the results.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This came at the same time as a <a href="/wiki/2023_Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Guyana–Venezuela crisis">Venezuelan military buildup</a> on the Guyanese border, sparking concerns of war between the two states. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guyana" title="Geography of Guyana">Geography of Guyana</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GuyanaKaieteurFalls2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/GuyanaKaieteurFalls2004.jpg/170px-GuyanaKaieteurFalls2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/GuyanaKaieteurFalls2004.jpg/255px-GuyanaKaieteurFalls2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/GuyanaKaieteurFalls2004.jpg/340px-GuyanaKaieteurFalls2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="1854" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kaieteur_Falls" title="Kaieteur Falls">Kaieteur Falls</a> is the world's largest single-drop waterfall by volume.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rupununi_Savannah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rupununi_Savannah.jpg/220px-Rupununi_Savannah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rupununi_Savannah.jpg/330px-Rupununi_Savannah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Rupununi_Savannah.jpg/440px-Rupununi_Savannah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rupununi_Savannah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupununi Savannah">Rupununi Savannah</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazon_CIAT_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Amazon_CIAT_%285%29.jpg/220px-Amazon_CIAT_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Amazon_CIAT_%285%29.jpg/330px-Amazon_CIAT_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Amazon_CIAT_%285%29.jpg/440px-Amazon_CIAT_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A large part of Guyana's territory is covered by the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a>, the world's largest and most <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiverse</a> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The territory controlled by Guyana lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/1st_parallel_north" title="1st parallel north">1°</a> and <a href="/wiki/9th_parallel_north" title="9th parallel north">9°N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/56th_meridian_west" title="56th meridian west">56°</a> and <a href="/wiki/62nd_meridian_west" title="62nd meridian west">62°W</a>; it is one of the world's most sparsely populated countries. </p><p>The country can be divided into five natural regions: a narrow and fertile marshy plain along the Atlantic coast (low coastal plain) where most of the population lives; a white sand belt further inland (hilly sand and clay region), containing most of Guyana's mineral deposits; the dense <a href="/wiki/Rain_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Rain forest">rain forests</a> (Forested Highland Region) in the southern part of the country; the drier <a href="/wiki/Savannah" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannah">savannah</a> areas in the south-west; and the smallest interior lowlands (interior savannah) consisting mostly of mountains that gradually rise to the Brazilian border. </p><p>Some of Guyana's highest mountains are <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ayanganna" title="Mount Ayanganna">Mount Ayanganna</a> (2,042 m or 6,699 ft), <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cabura%C3%AD" title="Monte Caburaí">Monte Caburaí</a> (1,465 m or 4,806 ft) and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Roraima" title="Mount Roraima">Mount Roraima</a> (2,772 m or 9,094 ft – the highest mountain in Guyana) on the Brazil-Guyana-Venezuela <a href="/wiki/Tripoint" title="Tripoint">tripoint</a> border, part of the <a href="/wiki/Pakaraima" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakaraima">Pakaraima</a> range. Mount Roraima and Guyana's table-top mountains (<a href="/wiki/Tepui" title="Tepui">tepuis</a>) are said to have been the inspiration for <a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur Conan Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a>'s 1912 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World_(Arthur_Conan_Doyle)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lost World (Arthur Conan Doyle)">The Lost World</a></i>. There are also many volcanic <a href="/wiki/Escarpment" title="Escarpment">escarpments</a> and waterfalls, including <a href="/wiki/Kaieteur_Falls" title="Kaieteur Falls">Kaieteur Falls</a> which is believed to be the largest single-drop waterfall in the world by volume.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North of the <a href="/wiki/Rupununi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupununi River">Rupununi River</a> lies the <a href="/wiki/Rupununi_savannah" title="Rupununi savannah">Rupununi savannah</a>, south of which lie the <a href="/wiki/Kanuku_Mountains" title="Kanuku Mountains">Kanuku Mountains</a>. </p><p>The four longest rivers are the Essequibo at 1,010 km (628 mi) long, the <a href="/wiki/Courentyne_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Courentyne River">Courentyne River</a> at 724 km (450 mi), the <a href="/wiki/Berbice_River" title="Berbice River">Berbice</a> at 595 km (370 mi), and the <a href="/wiki/Demerara_River" title="Demerara River">Demerara</a> at 346 km (215 mi). The Courentyne river forms the border with Suriname. At the mouth of the Essequibo are several large islands, including the 145 km (90 mi) wide <a href="/wiki/Shell_Beach,_Guyana" title="Shell Beach, Guyana">Shell Beach</a> along the northwest coast, which is also a major breeding area for <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">sea turtles</a> (mainly <a href="/wiki/Leatherback_sea_turtle" title="Leatherback sea turtle">leatherbacks</a>) and other wildlife. </p><p>The climate is <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical</a> and generally hot and humid, though moderated by northeast <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a> along the coast. There are two rainy seasons, the first from May to mid-August, the second from mid-November to mid-January. </p><p>Guyana has one of the largest unspoiled <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforests</a> in South America, some parts of which are almost inaccessible by humans. The rich natural history of Guyana was described by early explorers <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Sir Walter Raleigh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Waterton" title="Charles Waterton">Charles Waterton</a> and later by naturalists Sir <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Durrell" title="Gerald Durrell">Gerald Durrell</a>. In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> broadcast a three-part programme called <i>Lost Land of the Jaguar</i> which highlighted the huge diversity of wildlife, including undiscovered species and rare species such as the <a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">giant otter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harpy_eagle" title="Harpy eagle">harpy eagle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity_and_conservation">Biodiversity and conservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Biodiversity and conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyana_BMNG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Guyana_BMNG.png/170px-Guyana_BMNG.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Guyana_BMNG.png/255px-Guyana_BMNG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Guyana_BMNG.png/340px-Guyana_BMNG.png 2x" data-file-width="1294" data-file-height="1910" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Guyana from 2004</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Guyana" title="Fauna of Guyana">Fauna of Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Guyana" title="List of protected areas of Guyana">List of protected areas of Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Flora_of_Guyana" title="Category:Flora of Guyana">Category:Flora of Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Guyana" title="Category:Fauna of Guyana">Category:Fauna of Guyana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Orchids_of_Guyana" title="Category:Orchids of Guyana">Category:Orchids of Guyana</a></div> <p>Guyana has one of the highest levels of <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> in the world. It is home to more than 225 <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Guyana" title="List of mammals of Guyana">species of mammals</a>, 900 <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Guyana" title="List of birds of Guyana">species of birds</a>, 880 species of reptiles, and more than 6,500 different species of plants.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among these wildlife categories the most notably famous are the <a href="/wiki/Arapaima" title="Arapaima">Arapaima</a>, which is the world's largest scaled freshwater fish; the <a href="/wiki/Giant_anteater" title="Giant anteater">giant anteater</a>, the largest anteater; the <a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">giant otter</a>, the world's largest and rarest river otter; and the <a href="/wiki/Guianan_cock-of-the-rock" title="Guianan cock-of-the-rock">Guianan cock-of-the-rock</a> bird (<i>Rupicola rupicola</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following habitats have been categorised for Guyana: coastal, marine, littoral, estuarine, palustrine, mangrove, riverine, lacustrine, swamp, savanna, white sand forest, brown sand forest, montane, cloud forest, moist lowland and dry evergreen scrub forests (NBAP, 1999). About 14 areas of biological interest have been identified as possible hotspots for a National Protected Area System. </p><p>More than 80% of Guyana is still covered by forests, which also contain the world's rarest <a href="/wiki/Orchids" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchids">orchids</a>, ranging from dry evergreen and seasonal forests to montane and lowland evergreen rain forests. These forests are home to more than a thousand species of trees. Guyana's tropical climate, unique geology, and relatively undisturbed ecosystems support extensive areas of species-rich rain forests and natural habitats with high levels of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemism</a>. There are about 8000 species of plants in Guyana, half of which are found nowhere else. </p><p> The country is home to six ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Guayanan_Highlands_moist_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Guayanan Highlands moist forests">Guayanan Highlands moist forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guianan_moist_forests" title="Guianan moist forests">Guianan moist forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orinoco_Delta_swamp_forests" title="Orinoco Delta swamp forests">Orinoco Delta swamp forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tepuis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepuis">Tepuis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guianan_savanna" title="Guianan savanna">Guianan savanna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guianan_mangroves" title="Guianan mangroves">Guianan mangroves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Guiana Shield region is little known and extremely rich biologically. Unlike other areas of South America, over 70% of the natural habitat remains pristine. Guyana ranks third in the world with a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 9.58/10.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_frog_Kaieteur_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Golden_frog_Kaieteur_%282%29.jpg/220px-Golden_frog_Kaieteur_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Golden_frog_Kaieteur_%282%29.jpg/330px-Golden_frog_Kaieteur_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Golden_frog_Kaieteur_%282%29.jpg/440px-Golden_frog_Kaieteur_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="749" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Anomaloglossus_beebei" title="Anomaloglossus beebei">Anomaloglossus beebei</a></i> (Kaieteur), specific to the Guianas</figcaption></figure> <p>The rich natural history of British Guiana was described by early explorers Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Raleigh" title="Walter Raleigh">Walter Raleigh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Waterton" title="Charles Waterton">Charles Waterton</a> and later by naturalists Sir <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Durrell" title="Gerald Durrell">Gerald Durrell</a>. Southern Guyana is host to some of the most pristine expanses of evergreen forests in the northern part of South America. Most of the forests found are tall, evergreen hill-land and lower montane forests, with large expanses of flooded forest along major rivers. Thanks to the very low human population density of the area, most of these forests are still intact. </p><p>The Smithsonian Institution has identified nearly 2,700 species of plants from this region, representing 239 distinct families, and there are certainly additional species still to be recorded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The diversity of plants supports diverse animal life, recently documented by a biological survey organised by <a href="/wiki/Conservation_International" title="Conservation International">Conservation International</a>. The reportedly clean, unpolluted waters of the Essequibo watershed support a remarkable diversity of fish and aquatic invertebrates, and are home to <a href="/wiki/Giant_otters" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant otters">giant otters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capybaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Capybaras">capybaras</a>, and several species of <a href="/wiki/Caimans" class="mw-redirect" title="Caimans">caimans</a>. </p><p>On land, large mammals, such as <a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">jaguars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tapirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapirs">tapirs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">bush dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giant_anteater" title="Giant anteater">giant anteaters</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saki_monkey" title="Saki monkey">saki monkeys</a> are still common. Over 800 species of birds have been reported from the region, and the reptile and amphibian faunas are similarly rich. </p><p>In February 2004, the Government of Guyana issued a title to more than 4,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> acres) of land in the Konashen Indigenous District as the <a href="/wiki/Kanashen" title="Kanashen">Kanashen</a> Community-Owned Conservation Area, managed by the <a href="/wiki/Wai-Wai_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wai-Wai (people)">Wai Wai</a>, and the world's largest community-owned conservation Area.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Iwokrama_International_Centre_for_Rain_Forest_Conservation_and_Development" title="Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development">Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development</a> was also created for the protection and sustainable use of the Iwokrama forest area. Since 2009, Guyana and Norway have collaborated to promote green development in Guyana while keeping deforestation at low levels.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guyana" title="Economy of Guyana">Economy of Guyana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Guyana" title="Agriculture in Guyana">Agriculture in Guyana</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Guyana" title="List of companies of Guyana">List of companies of Guyana</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tractor_in_field_of_rice_by_Khirsah1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tractor_in_field_of_rice_by_Khirsah1.jpg/220px-Tractor_in_field_of_rice_by_Khirsah1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tractor_in_field_of_rice_by_Khirsah1.jpg/330px-Tractor_in_field_of_rice_by_Khirsah1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tractor_in_field_of_rice_by_Khirsah1.jpg/440px-Tractor_in_field_of_rice_by_Khirsah1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A tractor in a rice field on Guyana's coastal plain</figcaption></figure> <p>The main economic activities in Guyana are agriculture (rice and <a href="/wiki/Natural_brown_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural brown sugar">Demerara sugar</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a> and gold mining, timber, seafood, minerals, crude oil and natural gas. </p><p>The discovery of major crude oil reserves off the Atlantic coast has since made a large impact on Guyana's GDP since drilling began in 2019. GDP grew sharply (43%) through the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> year of 2020, and is anticipated to continue at a high level in 2021 (estimated at 20%). The non-oil sectors contracted as public health measures were in place to control the virus spread; the growth of GDP rests on the oil sector for these two years.<sup id="cite_ref-Ragobeer2021_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ragobeer2021-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Preservation of Guyana's pristine forests has been a key component for receiving international aid through <a href="/wiki/REDD" class="mw-redirect" title="REDD">REDD</a> programmes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary">Summary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>GDP: US$4.121 billion ($5,252 per capita, 2019 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.GY_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.GY-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>GDP growth rate: 86.7% (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.GY_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.GY-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Inflation: 5.03% (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-:2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Unemployment: 16.42% (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-:2_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Arable land: 2% (2018 estimate)<sup id="cite_ref-:2_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Labour force: 324,943 (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Agricultural produce: sugar, rice, vegetable oils, beef, pork, poultry, dairy products, fish, shrimp<sup id="cite_ref-:2_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Industrial production: bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining<sup id="cite_ref-:2_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Major export products: <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Crude Petroleum</a> 85.9% ($15.9B), <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a> 7.36% ($1.36B), <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> 2.32% ($429M), <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">Aluminium Ore</a> 1.04% ($192M), and <a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Hard Liquor</a> 0.65% ($120M). (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Exports: US$18.5 billion; Panama 31.6%, Netherlands 15.5%, United States 12.8%, United Arab Emirates 6.39%, and Italy 6.35%. (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Major import products: <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">Refined Petroleum</a> 11.8% ($441M), <a href="/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">Valves</a> 5.48% ($206M), <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Cars</a> 2.87% ($108M), <a href="/wiki/Construction_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Construction vehicles">Large Construction Vehicles</a> 2.81% ($106M), and <a href="/wiki/Truck" title="Truck">Delivery Trucks</a> 2.18% ($81.7M). (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Imports: US$3.75 billion; United States 27.8%, China 14.3%, Brazil 7.06%, Trinidad and Tobago 6.84%, and Suriname 4.23%. (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">earliest residents</a> of Guyana employed a variety of agricultural practices for subsistence living but also had extensive networks of trade, dealing in items such as blow pipes, <a href="/wiki/Curare" title="Curare">curare</a>, cassava graters, and other essentials. These trade networks were important even at the time of the earliest European contact, and Dutch traders were inclined to gift the local peoples in order to maintain successful settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the initial rush to find gold in the New World waned, the Dutch found the climate to be suitable for growing sugar cane, converting large tracts of the Guyanese coast into <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> and supplying with labour from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>. The country and economy were run by a small European planter elite<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which continued on when the colonies of the territory were merged and the land was given over to the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> in 1814. Upon emancipation in 1838, almost all of the former slaves abandoned the plantations, and Indians were brought to the country under <a href="/wiki/Indenture" title="Indenture">indenture</a> contracts from 1838 until the end of the system in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The production of <a href="/wiki/Balat%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Balatá">balatá</a> (natural <a href="/wiki/Latex" title="Latex">latex</a>) was once a big business in Guyana. Most of the balatá bleeding in Guyana took place in the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Kanuku_Mountains" title="Kanuku Mountains">Kanuku Mountains</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rupununi_savannah" title="Rupununi savannah">Rupununi savannah</a>. Early exploitation also took place in the North West District, but most of the trees in the area were destroyed by illicit bleeding methods that involved cutting down the trees rather than making incisions in them. Uses of balatá included the making of <a href="/wiki/Cricket_ball" title="Cricket ball">cricket balls</a>, temporary dental fillings, and the crafting of figurines and other decorative items (particularly by the <a href="/wiki/Macushi" title="Macushi">Macushi</a> people). </p><p>When the country gained independence from British rule, a policy of nationalisation was enacted by <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Burnham" title="Forbes Burnham">Forbes Burnham</a> to address the inequities that were established by plantation-based colonial rule. All large-scale industries such as foreign-owned bauxite mining (<a href="/wiki/Reynolds_Metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Reynolds Metals">Reynolds Metals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Tinto Group">Rio Tinto's</a> Alcan) and sugar (<a href="/wiki/GuySuCo" class="mw-redirect" title="GuySuCo">GuySuCo</a>) operations were taken over by the government. However, the economy under nationalisation was plagued by problems; political instability leading to an exodus of skilled labour, inexperienced management, aging infrastructure. Poor international market conditions also expanded the country's debt.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Guyanese economy rebounded slightly and exhibited moderate economic growth after 1999, due to expansion in the agricultural and mining sectors, a more favourable atmosphere for business initiatives, a more realistic exchange rate, fairly low inflation, and the continued support of international organisations. Guyana held huge amounts of debt which have been written off through various international agencies. In 2003 Guyana qualified for US$329 million of debt relief, in addition to the US$256 million from the original World Bank plan for assisting <a href="/wiki/Heavily_indebted_poor_countries" title="Heavily indebted poor countries">heavily indebted poor countries</a> in 1999. The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative in 2006/7 wrote off about US$611 million of Guyana's debt by the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank">Inter-American Development Bank</a>. In 2006, Japan finalised its bilateral debt cancellation agreement, in 2007, US$15 million was written off by China and in 2008, Venezuela cancelled US$12.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the economy witnessed a 3% increase in growth amid the global <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">economic crisis</a>; it grew 5.4% in 2011 and 3.7% in 2012. IMF projected economic growth to be 53% in 2020 following the completion of the first off-shore oil project.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Actual growth in GDP in 2020 was 43%; reports in April 2021 anticipate 20% growth for 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Ragobeer2021_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ragobeer2021-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tax_policy">Tax policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tax policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The government initiated a major overhaul of the tax code in early 2007. A <a href="/wiki/Value_Added_Tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Value Added Tax">Value Added Tax</a> (VAT) replaced six different taxes. Prior to the implementation of the VAT, it had been relatively easy to evade sales tax, and many businesses were in violation of tax code. Many businesses opposed VAT introduction because of the extra paperwork required; however, the Government has remained firm on the VAT. Replacing several taxes with one flat tax rate, it will also be easier for government auditors to spot <a href="/wiki/Embezzlement" title="Embezzlement">embezzlement</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guyana" title="Demographics of Guyana">Demographics of Guyana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guyanese_people" title="Guyanese people">Guyanese people</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyana_population_density.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Guyana_population_density.svg/220px-Guyana_population_density.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Guyana_population_density.svg/330px-Guyana_population_density.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Guyana_population_density.svg/440px-Guyana_population_density.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption>Guyana's population density in 2012 (people per km<sup>2</sup>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_Guyana.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Population_Guyana.PNG/220px-Population_Guyana.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Population_Guyana.PNG/330px-Population_Guyana.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Population_Guyana.PNG/440px-Population_Guyana.PNG 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>A graph showing the population of Guyana from 1961 to 2003. The population decline in the 1980s can be clearly seen.</figcaption></figure> <p>The large majority (about 90%) of Guyana's 744,000 people live along a narrow coastal strip that ranges from a width of 16 to 64 km (10 to 40 mi) inland and makes up approximately 10% of the nation's total land area.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guyana's population is racially and ethnically heterogeneous, with ethnic groups originating from India, Africa, Europe, and China, as well as <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples</a>. Despite their diverse ethnic backgrounds, most groups share a common language of English and its Guyanese English Creole vernacular. </p><p>The largest ethnic group is the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Guyanese" title="Indo-Guyanese">Indo-Guyanese</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Caribbeans">East Indians</a>), the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Indian_indenture_system" title="Indian indenture system">indentured labourers from India</a> who make up 43.5% of the population, according to the 2002 census. They are followed by the <a href="/wiki/Afro-Guyanese" title="Afro-Guyanese">Afro-Guyanese</a>, the descendants of enslaved people brought from Africa, primarily <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, who constitute 30.2%. The Guyanese of mixed heritage make up 16.7%. </p><p>The Indigenous peoples, known locally as <a href="/wiki/Amerindians" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindians">Amerindians</a>, make up 10.5% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-navigator_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navigator-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nine Indigenous nations in Guyana, defined by language, are the <a href="/wiki/Akawaio_people" title="Akawaio people">Akawaio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lokono" title="Lokono">Arawak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lokono" title="Lokono">Lokono</a>), <a href="/wiki/Arekuna_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arekuna people">Arekuna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pemon" title="Pemon">Pemon</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Carib</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karinya" class="mw-redirect" title="Karinya">Karinya</a>), <a href="/wiki/Makushi" class="mw-redirect" title="Makushi">Makushi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patamona" class="mw-redirect" title="Patamona">Patamona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wai-wai_people" title="Wai-wai people">Wai Wai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wapichan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wapichan">Wapichan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warao_people" title="Warao people">Warao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-navigator_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navigator-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are the third-largest demographic group in the country and are the majority population in the southern interior.<sup id="cite_ref-navigator_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navigator-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Afro-Guyanese population mainly descend from West African ethnicities such as the <a href="/wiki/Asante_people" title="Asante people">Ashanti</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_West_(Nigeria)" title="South West (Nigeria)">Southwest Nigeria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo</a> from <a href="/wiki/Igboland" title="Igboland">South-Eastern Nigeria</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandingo</a> from <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Indo-Guyanese are descended from indentured labourers who migrated from <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_region" title="Bhojpuri region">Bhojpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a> regions of the <a href="/wiki/Hindi_Belt" title="Hindi Belt">Hindi Belt</a> in the present-day states of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant minority of Indo-Guyanese are also descended from indentured migrants who came from the South Indian states of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>; these are the plurality ancestry in the <a href="/wiki/East_Berbice-Corentyne" title="East Berbice-Corentyne">East Berbice-Corentyne</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two largest groups, the Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese, have experienced some racial tension.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities">Largest cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Largest cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Largest cities and towns of Guyana </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Guyana" title="List of cities and towns in Guyana">Name</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Guyana" title="Regions of Guyana">Region</a></th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Guyana" title="Georgetown, Guyana">Georgetown</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Demerara-Mahaica" title="Demerara-Mahaica">Demerara-Mahaica</a></td> <td>118,363<sup id="cite_ref-cities2012_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cities2012-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Guyana" title="Linden, Guyana">Linden</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upper_Demerara-Berbice" title="Upper Demerara-Berbice">Upper Demerara-Berbice</a></td> <td>27,277<sup id="cite_ref-cities2012_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cities2012-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam,_Guyana" title="New Amsterdam, Guyana">New Amsterdam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Berbice-Corentyne" title="East Berbice-Corentyne">East Berbice-Corentyne</a></td> <td>17,329<sup id="cite_ref-cities2012_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cities2012-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>4</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corriverton" title="Corriverton">Corriverton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Berbice-Corentyne" title="East Berbice-Corentyne">East Berbice-Corentyne</a></td> <td>11,386<sup id="cite_ref-cities2012_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cities2012-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>5</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bartica" title="Bartica">Bartica</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuyuni-Mazaruni" title="Cuyuni-Mazaruni">Cuyuni-Mazaruni</a></td> <td>8,004<sup id="cite_ref-village2012_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-village2012-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>6</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahaica" title="Mahaica">Mahaica</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Demerara-Mahaica" title="Demerara-Mahaica">Demerara-Mahaica</a></td> <td>4,867<sup id="cite_ref-village2012_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-village2012-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>7</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rose_Hall,_Guyana" title="Rose Hall, Guyana">Rose Hall</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Berbice-Corentyne" title="East Berbice-Corentyne">East Berbice-Corentyne</a></td> <td>4,413<sup id="cite_ref-village2012_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-village2012-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>8</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parika" title="Parika">Parika</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_Islands-West_Demerara" title="Essequibo Islands-West Demerara">Essequibo Islands-West Demerara</a></td> <td>4,385<sup id="cite_ref-village2012_64-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-village2012-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>9</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Triumph,_Guyana" title="Triumph, Guyana">Triumph</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Demerara-Mahaica" title="Demerara-Mahaica">Demerara-Mahaica</a></td> <td>3,788<sup id="cite_ref-village2012_64-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-village2012-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>10</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uitvlugt" title="Uitvlugt">Uitvlugt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_Islands-West_Demerara" title="Essequibo Islands-West Demerara">Essequibo Islands-West Demerara</a></td> <td>2,980<sup id="cite_ref-village2012_64-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-village2012-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guyana" title="Languages of Guyana">Languages of Guyana</a></div> <p>English is the official language of Guyana and is used for education, government, media, and services. The vast majority of the population speaks <a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Creole" title="Guyanese Creole">Guyanese Creole</a>, an English-based creole with slight African, Indian, and Amerindian influences, as their first language.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indigenous <a href="/wiki/Cariban_languages" title="Cariban languages">Cariban languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Akawaio_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Akawaio language">Akawaio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waiwai_language" title="Waiwai language">Wai-Wai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macushi_language" title="Macushi language">Macushi</a>) are spoken by a small minority of Amerindians. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani#Guyanese_Hindustani" title="Caribbean Hindustani">Guyanese Hindustani</a> is spoken by the older generation of the Indo-Guyanese community, but younger Guyanese use English or Guyanese Creole. Indo-Surinamese immigrants from Suriname speak the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani#Sarnami_Hindustani" title="Caribbean Hindustani">Sarnami</a> variant, especially the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani#Nickerian-Berbician_Hindustani" title="Caribbean Hindustani">Nickerian-Berbician Hindustani</a> subdialect.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guyana" title="Religion in Guyana">Religion in Guyana</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Vaidik_Mandir,_Georgetown,_Guyana..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Central_Vaidik_Mandir%2C_Georgetown%2C_Guyana..jpg/250px-Central_Vaidik_Mandir%2C_Georgetown%2C_Guyana..jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Central_Vaidik_Mandir%2C_Georgetown%2C_Guyana..jpg/375px-Central_Vaidik_Mandir%2C_Georgetown%2C_Guyana..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Central_Vaidik_Mandir%2C_Georgetown%2C_Guyana..jpg/500px-Central_Vaidik_Mandir%2C_Georgetown%2C_Guyana..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Central Vaidik Mandir in Georgetown</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2012 the population was 63% Christian, 25% <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, 7% <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a>, 3% of other faiths, and 3% irreligious.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Religion is an important aspect of identity in Guyana and reflects the various external influences of colonialism and immigrant groups. Christianity was considered the prestigious religion, transmitting European culture and representing upward mobility in the colonial society. Missionaries and churches built schools, and until nationalisation in the 1970s, nearly all schools were denominational. When Indians were brought to the country as indentured labour, Hinduism and Islam gained prominence, but for some decades neither were acknowledged for legal marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some traditional African and Amerindian spiritual beliefs remain alongside the dominant religions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Guyana" title="Health in Guyana">Health in Guyana</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">Life expectancy</a> at birth is estimated to be 69.5 years as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The PAHO/ WHO Global Health Report 2014 (using statistics of 2012) ranked the country as having the highest <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> rate in the world, with a mortality rate of 44.2 per 100,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to 2011 estimates from the <a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a>, <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> <a href="/wiki/Prevalence" title="Prevalence">prevalence</a> is 1.2% of the teen/adult population (ages 15–49).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Guyana" title="Education in Guyana">Education in Guyana</a></div><p>Education in Guyana was primarily introduced and operated by missionising Christian denominations. The wealthy planter elite often sent their children for education abroad in England, but as schools improved in Guyana, they also modelled after the former <a href="/wiki/British_education" class="mw-redirect" title="British education">British education</a> system. Primary education became compulsory in 1876, although the need for children to assist in agricultural labour kept many children from schooling. In the 1960s, the government took over control of all schools in the country. Fees were removed, new schools were opened in rural areas, and the University of Guyana was established so students no longer were required to go abroad for tertiary education.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queens_College_Guyana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Queens_College_Guyana.jpg/220px-Queens_College_Guyana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Queens_College_Guyana.jpg/330px-Queens_College_Guyana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Queens_College_Guyana.jpg/440px-Queens_College_Guyana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_College,_Georgetown" title="Queen's College, Georgetown">Queen's College, Georgetown</a></figcaption></figure><p>Guyana's literacy was one of the highest in the Caribbean, by estimated literacy rate of 96 per cent in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2014 UNESCO estimate, literacy is 96.7 in the 15–24 year old age group.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the functional literacy may be only as high as 70%.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Students are expected to take the NGSA (National Grade Six Assessment) for entrance into high school in grade 7. They take the <a href="/wiki/CXC" class="mw-redirect" title="CXC">CXC</a> at the end of high school. Schools have introduced the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Advanced_Proficiency_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination">CAPE</a> exams which all other Caribbean countries have introduced. The <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Level_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Level (UK)">A-level system</a>, inherited from the British era, is offered only in a few schools. </p><p>Infrastructure challenges affect access to education, especially for students in the hinterland. A World Bank assessment showed roughly 50% of teachers were "untrained, operated with inadequate teaching materials, and served children of parents with low levels of adult literacy".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guyana" title="Politics of Guyana">Politics of Guyana</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_residence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Old_residence.jpg/220px-Old_residence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Old_residence.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>The State House, Guyana's presidential residence</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20191121_Guyana_0062_Georgetown_sRGB_(49295972987).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/20191121_Guyana_0062_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295972987%29.jpg/220px-20191121_Guyana_0062_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295972987%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/20191121_Guyana_0062_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295972987%29.jpg/330px-20191121_Guyana_0062_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295972987%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/20191121_Guyana_0062_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295972987%29.jpg/440px-20191121_Guyana_0062_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295972987%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The Supreme Court of Guyana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_building,_Guyana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Parliament_building%2C_Guyana.jpg/220px-Parliament_building%2C_Guyana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Parliament_building%2C_Guyana.jpg/330px-Parliament_building%2C_Guyana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Parliament_building%2C_Guyana.jpg/440px-Parliament_building%2C_Guyana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>Guyana's parliament building since 1834</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guyana" title="Politics of Guyana">politics of Guyana</a> takes place in a framework of a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Guyana" title="President of Guyana">President of Guyana</a> is both <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, and of a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. <a href="/wiki/Executive_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive power">Executive power</a> is exercised by the President and the Government. <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">Legislative power</a> is vested in both the President and the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of Guyana">National Assembly of Guyana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, politics is a source of tension in the country, and violent riots have often broken out during elections. </p><p>During the 1970s and 1980s, the political landscape was dominated by the People's National Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992, the first constitutional elections were overseen by former United States President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, and the People's Progressive Party led the country until 2015. The two parties are principally organised along ethnic lines and as a result, often clash on issues related to the allocation of resources. In the General Elections held on 28 November 2011, the People's Progressive Party (PPP) retained a majority, and their presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Donald_Ramotar" title="Donald Ramotar">Donald Ramotar</a> was elected as president.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 May 2015, early general elections were held. A coalition of the A Partnership for National Unity-Alliance for Change (APNU-AFC) parties won 33 of the 65 seats in the National Assembly. On 16 May 2015, retired army general <a href="/wiki/David_A._Granger" title="David A. Granger">David A. Granger</a> became the eighth President of Guyana.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on 21 December 2018, a vote of confidence was called for, regarding terms under which the government granted a franchise for offshore oil exploration. Legislator Charrandass Persaud defected from the coalition and the vote failed, requiring new elections. The governing coalition litigated this result for the entire 90 days allowed for new elections. New elections were held on 2 March 2020, and results were declared on 3 August 2020, with the People's Progressive Party/Civic as the winner. <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Mohamed Irfaan Ali</a> became the ninth President of Guyana.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essequibo_conflict">Essequibo conflict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Essequibo conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a conflict between Guyana and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> concerning the Essequibo region. After years of fruitless mediation, Guyana went to the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> in 2018, asking judges to rule that the 1899 border decision by an international panel of arbiters is valid and binding. Venezuela argues that a 1966 agreement to resolve the dispute effectively nullified the original arbitration. The ICJ has ruled the case is admissible and that it has jurisdiction, but it is expected to take years to reach a final decision. On Sunday, 3 December 2023, Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro convoked a referendum to ask Venezuelan electors five questions, including whether to create a Venezuelan state in Essequibo and whether voters support granting Venezuelan citizenship to the region's current and future residents. Venezuela does not recognise the U.N. panel's jurisdiction over the decades-old dispute, but the country's Vice President Delcy Rodríguez nonetheless characterised the ruling as a "victory for Venezuela," given that the U.N. did not order a halt to the referendum plans. <sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_procurement">Public procurement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Public procurement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Government_procurement" title="Government procurement">Public procurement</a> in Guyana is overseen by the Public Procurement Commission, appointed under the Public Procurement Commission Act 2003. Due to lengthy delay in identifying and agreeing commission members, the commission was not appointed until 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guyana_Defence_Force" title="Guyana Defence Force">Guyana Defence Force</a></div> <p>The Guyana Defence Force (GDF) is the military service of Guyana. It maintains strong military relations with <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Armed_Forces" title="Brazilian Armed Forces">Brazil</a>, with which it collaborates on border security through yearly regional military exchange gatherings. Guyana also has an ongoing partnership with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> to enhance the country's military readiness and capabilities to respond to security threats.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Human rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Guyana">LGBT rights in Guyana</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexual</a> acts, as well as <a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">anal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">oral sex</a>, are illegal in Guyana.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is currently the only country in South America that prohibits such acts. Engaging in such acts can warrant <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a>, though the prohibition is <a href="/wiki/Unenforced_law" title="Unenforced law">not enforced</a>. These laws can be difficult to alter, as <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Guyana" title="Constitution of Guyana">Guyana's Constitution</a> protects laws inherited from the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> from constitutional review.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">cross-dressing</a> has been legal since 2018, when a ban was struck down by Guyana's court of last resort, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Court_of_Justice" title="Caribbean Court of Justice">Caribbean Court of Justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Guyana" title="President of Guyana">President</a> <a href="/wiki/David_A._Granger" title="David A. Granger">David A. Granger</a> (2015–2020) expressed support for these efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions_and_Neighbourhood_Councils">Regions and Neighbourhood Councils</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Regions and Neighbourhood Councils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Guyana" title="Regions of Guyana">Regions of Guyana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood_Councils_of_Guyana" title="Neighbourhood Councils of Guyana">Neighbourhood Councils of Guyana</a></div><div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:350px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyana_regions_Numbered.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Guyana_regions_Numbered.png/175px-Guyana_regions_Numbered.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Guyana_regions_Numbered.png/263px-Guyana_regions_Numbered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Guyana_regions_Numbered.png/350px-Guyana_regions_Numbered.png 2x" data-file-width="5952" data-file-height="7691" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guyana_Regions_Map_With_Names.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Guyana_Regions_Map_With_Names.png/175px-Guyana_Regions_Map_With_Names.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Guyana_Regions_Map_With_Names.png/263px-Guyana_Regions_Map_With_Names.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Guyana_Regions_Map_With_Names.png/350px-Guyana_Regions_Map_With_Names.png 2x" data-file-width="5952" data-file-height="7691" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Regions of Guyana by number and name</div></div></div><p>Guyana is divided into 10 regions:<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr style="background:#bbb;"> <th>No </th> <th>Region </th> <th>Regional capital </th> <th>Area km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th>Pop. <br />(2012 census) </th> <th>Pop. density <br />per km<sup>2</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>1</b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Barima-Waini" title="Barima-Waini">Barima-Waini</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mabaruma" title="Mabaruma">Mabaruma</a></td> <td>20,339</td> <td>26,941</td> <td>1.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2</b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pomeroon-Supenaam" title="Pomeroon-Supenaam">Pomeroon-Supenaam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anna_Regina" title="Anna Regina">Anna Regina</a></td> <td>6,195</td> <td>46,810</td> <td>7.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>3</b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_Islands-West_Demerara" title="Essequibo Islands-West Demerara">Essequibo Islands-West Demerara</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vreed_en_Hoop" title="Vreed en Hoop">Vreed en Hoop</a></td> <td>3,755</td> <td>107,416</td> <td>28.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>4</b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Demerara-Mahaica" title="Demerara-Mahaica">Demerara-Mahaica</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Triumph,_Guyana" title="Triumph, Guyana">Triumph</a></td> <td>2,232</td> <td>313,429</td> <td>140.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>5</b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mahaica-Berbice" title="Mahaica-Berbice">Mahaica-Berbice</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wellington,_Guyana" title="Fort Wellington, Guyana">Fort Wellington</a></td> <td>4,190</td> <td>49,723</td> <td>11.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>6</b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/East_Berbice-Corentyne" title="East Berbice-Corentyne">East Berbice-Corentyne</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam,_Guyana" title="New Amsterdam, Guyana">New Amsterdam</a></td> <td>36,234</td> <td>109,431</td> <td>3.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>7</b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Cuyuni-Mazaruni" title="Cuyuni-Mazaruni">Cuyuni-Mazaruni</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bartica" title="Bartica">Bartica</a></td> <td>47,213</td> <td>20,280</td> <td>0.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>8</b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Potaro-Siparuni" title="Potaro-Siparuni">Potaro-Siparuni</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahdia,_Guyana" title="Mahdia, Guyana">Mahdia</a></td> <td>20,051</td> <td>10,190</td> <td>0.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>9</b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Takutu-Upper_Essequibo" title="Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo">Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lethem,_Guyana" title="Lethem, Guyana">Lethem</a></td> <td>57,750</td> <td>24,212</td> <td>0.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>10</b></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Demerara-Berbice" title="Upper Demerara-Berbice">Upper Demerara-Berbice</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Guyana" title="Linden, Guyana">Linden</a></td> <td>17,040</td> <td>39,452</td> <td>2.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td align="left"><b>Total</b></td> <td></td> <td><b>214,999</b></td> <td><b>747,884</b></td> <td><b>3.48</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The regions are divided into 27 neighbourhood councils.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_regions">Natural regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Natural regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guyana is divided into four natural regions.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are: </p> <ol><li>Low Coastal Plain</li> <li>Hilly Sand and Clay</li> <li>Highland Region</li> <li>Interior Savannahs</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_and_regional_relations">International and regional relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: International and regional relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boundary_disputes">Boundary disputes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Boundary disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Essequiborivermap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Essequiborivermap.png/250px-Essequiborivermap.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Essequiborivermap.png/375px-Essequiborivermap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Essequiborivermap.png/500px-Essequiborivermap.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Map of Guyana with the disputed territories incorporated, showing the <a href="/wiki/Essequibo_River" title="Essequibo River">Essequibo River</a> and (shaded dark) the river's drainage basin. Venezuela claims territory up to the western bank of the river. The historical claim by the UK included the river basin well into current-day Venezuela.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Schomburgk_Line" title="Schomburgk Line">Schomburgk Line</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Suriname" title="Borders of Suriname">Borders of Suriname</a></div> <p>Guyana is in <a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">border disputes</a> with both Suriname, which claims the area east of the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Corentyne_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Corentyne River">Corentyne River</a> and the New River in southwestern Suriname, and Venezuela which claims the land west of the Essequibo River, once the <a href="/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Dutch colony of Essequibo</a> as part of what they call "Guayana Essequiba".<sup id="cite_ref-foxlatino_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foxlatino-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maritime<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> component of the territorial dispute with Suriname was arbitrated by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_Law_of_the_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea">United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea</a>, and a ruling was announced on 21 September 2007. The ruling concerning the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a> north of both nations found both parties violated treaty obligations and declined to order any compensation to either party.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the British surveyed British Guiana in 1840, they included the entire <a href="/wiki/Cuyuni_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuyuni River">Cuyuni River</a> basin within the colony, to the protest of Venezuela which claimed all lands west of the Essequibo River. In 1897 in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, both countries accepted the "<i>Treaty between Great Britain and the United States of Venezuela Respecting the Settlement of the Boundary between the Colony of British Guiana and the United States of Venezuela.</i>" According to the Treaty of Washington (1897), the final decision by the <a href="/wiki/Arbitral_tribunal" title="Arbitral tribunal">arbitration tribunal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris, France">Paris</a> would be a "<i>full, perfect, and final settlement</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the border dispute. In 1899, the tribunal issued the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Arbitral_Award" title="Paris Arbitral Award">Paris Arbitral Award</a>, granting a majority of the disputed territory to British Guiana. Following the settlement, an exact border was demarcated by markers and coordinates by a Venezuelan and British boundary commission in accordance with International law. Venezuela brought up again the settled claim, during the 1960s cold war period, and during Guyana's Independence period. In 1962, Venezuelan President <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt" title="Rómulo Betancourt">Rómulo Betancourt</a> resuscitated Venezuela's claim to the disputed territory by declaring the 1899 arbitration award null and void.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result of this complaint led to the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Agreement_(1966)" title="Geneva Agreement (1966)">Treaty of Geneva of 1966</a>, which was signed by the Governments of Guyana, the United Kingdom and Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-Ishmael_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ishmael-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venezuela calls this region "Zona en Reclamación" (Reclamation Zone) and Venezuelan maps of the national territory routinely include it, drawing it in with dashed lines.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, a referendum was held in Venezuela which saw 95% of voters approve creating a new state in the disputed area with Guyana's President Irfaan Ali calling it a direct threat on the nation's sovereignty. Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro claims wide support for the move, despite only around 10% of the Venezuelan voting population taking part in the referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the US and Brazil made signs of supporting Guyana in the territorial dispute, with Brazil sending troops to their border with the Essequibo region.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/US_Southern_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="US Southern Command">US Southern Command</a> held air exercises with <a href="/wiki/Guyana_Defence_Force" title="Guyana Defence Force">Guyana Defence Forces</a> in Guyana in December 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-guyanaExercises2023_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guyanaExercises2023-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Special_Map_of_british_Guiana,_illustrating_the_Venezuela-Guiana_boundary_dispute_1895-96_-_btv1b8441757p_(1_of_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Special_Map_of_british_Guiana%2C_illustrating_the_Venezuela-Guiana_boundary_dispute_1895-96_-_btv1b8441757p_%281_of_2%29.jpg/250px-Special_Map_of_british_Guiana%2C_illustrating_the_Venezuela-Guiana_boundary_dispute_1895-96_-_btv1b8441757p_%281_of_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Special_Map_of_british_Guiana%2C_illustrating_the_Venezuela-Guiana_boundary_dispute_1895-96_-_btv1b8441757p_%281_of_2%29.jpg/375px-Special_Map_of_british_Guiana%2C_illustrating_the_Venezuela-Guiana_boundary_dispute_1895-96_-_btv1b8441757p_%281_of_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Special_Map_of_british_Guiana%2C_illustrating_the_Venezuela-Guiana_boundary_dispute_1895-96_-_btv1b8441757p_%281_of_2%29.jpg/500px-Special_Map_of_british_Guiana%2C_illustrating_the_Venezuela-Guiana_boundary_dispute_1895-96_-_btv1b8441757p_%281_of_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7990" data-file-height="8411" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of the <a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_territorial_dispute" title="Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute">Guiana-Venezuela border dispute</a>, including western boundary ceded to Venezuela, published by Scottish cartographer <a href="/wiki/George_Philip_(cartographer)" title="George Philip (cartographer)">George Philip</a> in 1897.</figcaption></figure> <p>Specific small disputed areas involving Guyana are <a href="/wiki/Ankoko_Island" title="Ankoko Island">Ankoko Island</a> with Venezuela; Corentyne River<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Suriname; and <a href="/wiki/Tigri_Area" title="Tigri Area">Tigri Area</a> or <a href="/wiki/New_River_Triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="New River Triangle">New River Triangle</a><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Suriname. In 1967 a Surinamese survey team was found in the New River Triangle and was forcibly removed. In August 1969 a patrol of the <a href="/wiki/Guyana_Defence_Force" title="Guyana Defence Force">Guyana Defence Force</a> found a survey camp and a partially completed airstrip inside the triangle, and documented evidence of the Surinamese intention to occupy the entire disputed area. After an exchange of gunfire, the <a href="/wiki/Surinamese_people" title="Surinamese people">Surinamese</a> were driven from the triangle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Organisation_of_American_States_(OAS)"><span id="The_Organisation_of_American_States_.28OAS.29"></span>The Organisation of American States (OAS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: The Organisation of American States (OAS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guyana entered the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_American_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation of American States">Organisation of American States</a> in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_Leaders_Summits_of_America_(ILSA)"><span id="Indigenous_Leaders_Summits_of_America_.28ILSA.29"></span>Indigenous Leaders Summits of America (ILSA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Indigenous Leaders Summits of America (ILSA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With Guyana having many groups of indigenous persons and given the geographical location of the country, the contributions of the Guyanese to the OAS respecting indigenous people may be significant.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The position of the OAS respecting indigenous persons developed over the years. "The "OAS has supported and participated in the organisation of Indigenous Leaders Summits of Americas (ILSA)"<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Draft American Declaration of the Rights of the Indigenous Persons appears to be a working document<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agreements_which_affect_financial_relationships">Agreements which affect financial relationships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Agreements which affect financial relationships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Double_Taxation_Relief_(CARICOM)_Treaty_1994"><span id="The_Double_Taxation_Relief_.28CARICOM.29_Treaty_1994"></span>The Double Taxation Relief (CARICOM) Treaty 1994</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: The Double Taxation Relief (CARICOM) Treaty 1994"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At a CARICOM Meeting, representatives of Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana respectively signed The Double Taxation Relief (CARICOM) Treaty 1994 on 19 August 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This treaty covered taxes, residence, tax jurisdictions, capital gains, business profits, interest, dividends, royalties and other areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FATCA">FATCA</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: FATCA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 30 June 2014, Guyana signed a Model 1 agreement with the United States of America in relation to the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Account_Tax_Compliance_Act" title="Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act">Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act</a> (FATCA).<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Model 1 agreement includes a reference to the Tax Information Exchange Agreement (Clause 3) which was signed on 22 July 1992 in Georgetown, Guyana intending to exchange tax information on an automatic basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure_and_telecommunications">Infrastructure and telecommunications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Infrastructure and telecommunications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Guyana" title="Transport in Guyana">Transport in Guyana</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LethemBridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/LethemBridge.jpg/220px-LethemBridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/LethemBridge.jpg/330px-LethemBridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/LethemBridge.jpg/440px-LethemBridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="713" /></a><figcaption>Cross-border bridge from Guyana to Brazil near <a href="/wiki/Lethem,_Guyana" title="Lethem, Guyana">Lethem</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are a total of 187 km (116 mi) of railway, all dedicated to ore transport. There are 7,969 km (4,952 mi) of highway, of which 591 km (367 mi) are paved. Navigable waterways extend 1,077 km (669 mi), including the Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers. There are ports at Georgetown, Port Kaituma, and <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam,_Guyana" title="New Amsterdam, Guyana">New Amsterdam</a>. There are two international airports (<a href="/wiki/Cheddi_Jagan_International_Airport" title="Cheddi Jagan International Airport">Cheddi Jagan International Airport</a>, Timehri and Eugene F. Correia International Airport (formerly <a href="/wiki/Ogle_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogle Airport">Ogle Airport</a>); along with about 90 airstrips, nine of which have paved runways. Guyana, Suriname and the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> are the only three regions in South America that <a href="/wiki/Drive_on_the_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Drive on the left">drive on the left</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity">Electricity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Electricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Guyana" title="Electricity sector in Guyana">Electricity sector in Guyana</a></div> <p>The electricity sector in Guyana is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Guyana_Power_and_Light" title="Guyana Power and Light">Guyana Power and Light</a> (GPL), the state-owned vertically integrated utility. Although the country has a large potential for hydroelectric and <a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">bagasse</a>-fuelled power generation, most of its 226 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a> of installed capacity correspond to diesel-engine driven generators.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several initiatives are in place to improve <a href="/wiki/Hinterland_energy_in_Guyana" title="Hinterland energy in Guyana">energy access in the hinterland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guyana" title="Culture of Guyana">Culture of Guyana</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Guyana">Literature of Guyana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guyana" title="Music of Guyana">Music of Guyana</a></div> <table style="float:right;" class="wikitable"> <caption><span style="font-size:115%;">Holidays</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>1 January</td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spring</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Youman_Nabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Youman Nabi">Youman Nabi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 February</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day" title="Republic Day">Republic Day</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mashramani" title="Mashramani">Mashramani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>March</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phagwah" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagwah">Phagwah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>March / April</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>March / April</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Easter_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Sunday">Easter Sunday</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>March / April</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Day" title="Labour Day">Labour Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Arrival_Day" title="Indian Arrival Day">Indian Arrival Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Day">Independence Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday in July</td> <td><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="CARICOM Day">CARICOM Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 August</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>October / November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 December</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">26 or 27 December</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Varies</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Varies</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Guyana's culture is very similar to that of the English-speaking Caribbean, and has historically been tied to the English-speaking Caribbean as part of the British Empire when it became a possession in the nineteenth century. </p><p>The current Guyanese culture began to develop when immigrants (some of them forced, others voluntary) adapted and converged with the dominant British culture. Slavery eradicated much of the distinction between differing African cultures as they were supplanted by British culture, which encouraged the adoption of Christianity and the values of British colonists; this laid the foundations of today's Afro-Guyanese culture. Arriving later and under somewhat more favourable circumstances, Indian immigrants were subjected to less assimilation, and they preserved more aspects of Indian culture, such as religion, cuisine, music, festivals, and clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guyana's geographical location, its sparsely populated rain-forest regions, and its substantial Amerindian population differentiate it from English-speaking Caribbean countries. Its blend of the two dominant cultures, Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese, gives it similarities to <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, and distinguishes it from other parts of the Americas. Guyana shares similar interests with the islands in the West Indies, such as food, festive events, music, sports, etc. </p><p>Events include <a href="/wiki/Mashramani" title="Mashramani">Mashramani</a> (Mash), <a href="/wiki/Phagwah" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagwah">Phagwah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Deepavali" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepavali">Deepavali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/National_Communications_Network,_Guyana" title="National Communications Network, Guyana">National Communications Network, Guyana</a>; <a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Guyana" title="Radio in Guyana">Radio in Guyana</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Guyana" title="List of newspapers in Guyana">List of newspapers in Guyana</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20191121_Guyana_0048_Georgetown_sRGB_(49295795336).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/20191121_Guyana_0048_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295795336%29.jpg/170px-20191121_Guyana_0048_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295795336%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/20191121_Guyana_0048_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295795336%29.jpg/255px-20191121_Guyana_0048_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295795336%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/20191121_Guyana_0048_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295795336%29.jpg/340px-20191121_Guyana_0048_Georgetown_sRGB_%2849295795336%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Cathedral,_Georgetown" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Cathedral, Georgetown">St George's Cathedral, Georgetown</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Cathedral,_Georgetown" title="St. George's Cathedral, Georgetown">St George's Anglican Cathedral</a>: A historic Anglican Cathedral made of wood.<sup id="cite_ref-wonders_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wonders-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara_Harbour_Bridge" title="Demerara Harbour Bridge">Demerara Harbour Bridge</a>: The world's fourth-longest floating bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-mon-3_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-3-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbice_Bridge" title="Berbice Bridge">Berbice Bridge</a>: The world's sixth-longest floating bridge.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Secretariat of the Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Building</a>: Houses the headquarters of the largest and most powerful economic union in the Caribbean.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Stadium" title="Providence Stadium">Providence Stadium</a>: Situated on Providence on the east bank of the Demerara River and built in time for the ICC World Cup 2007, it is the largest sports stadium in the country. It is also near the Providence Mall, forming a major spot for leisure in Guyana.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Chung_Conference_Centre" title="Arthur Chung Conference Centre">Arthur Chung Conference Centre</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Ministry_of_Public_Telecommunications_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ministry_of_Public_Telecommunications-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presented as a gift from the People's Republic of China to the Government of Guyana. It is the only one of its kind in the country.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabroek_Market" title="Stabroek Market">Stabroek Market</a>: A large cast-iron colonial structure that looked like a statue was located next to the Demerara River.<sup id="cite_ref-wonders_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wonders-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_City_Hall" title="Georgetown City Hall">Georgetown City Hall</a>: A beautiful wooden structure also from the colonial era.<sup id="cite_ref-wonders_117-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wonders-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takutu_River_Bridge" title="Takutu River Bridge">Takutu River Bridge</a>: A bridge across the Takutu River, connecting Lethem in Guyana to Bonfim in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umana_Yana" title="Umana Yana">Umana Yana</a>: An Amerindian benab, that is a national monument built in 1972, for a meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the Non-Aligned nations (It was rebuilt in 2016).<sup id="cite_ref-natmon_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natmon-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_Beach,_Guyana" title="Shell Beach, Guyana">Shell Beach</a>: Approximately 140 km long beach. In some parts beach consists of pure shells, very high biological diversity. Important nesting site for 8 species of sea turtles.<sup id="cite_ref-wonders_117-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wonders-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliament_Building_of_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parliament Building of Guyana (page does not exist)">Parliament Building of Guyana</a>: Parliament Building currently houses the seat of the National Assembly of the Government of Guyana. Located in Stabroek, facing Brickdam and bordered by Hadfield Street, High Street, and Cornhill Street <sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_the_West_Indies" title="Cricket in the West Indies">Cricket in the West Indies</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Providence_Stadium_outside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Providence_Stadium_outside.jpg/220px-Providence_Stadium_outside.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Providence_Stadium_outside.jpg/330px-Providence_Stadium_outside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Providence_Stadium_outside.jpg/440px-Providence_Stadium_outside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Providence Stadium as seen from the East Bank Highway</figcaption></figure> <p>The major sports in Guyana are <a href="/wiki/Guyana_national_cricket_team" title="Guyana national cricket team">cricket</a> (Guyana is part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_cricket_team" title="West Indies cricket team">West Indies cricket team</a> for international cricket purposes<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Basketball_in_Guyana" title="Basketball in Guyana">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> and volleyball.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minor sports include <a href="/wiki/Beach_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach cricket">softball cricket (beach cricket)</a>, field hockey, <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">rounders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawn_tennis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawn tennis">lawn tennis</a>, table tennis, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">squash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana_national_rugby_union_team" title="Guyana national rugby union team">rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a> and a few others. </p><p>Guyana played host to <a href="/wiki/International_cricket" title="International cricket">international cricket</a> matches as part of the <a href="/wiki/2007_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2007 Cricket World Cup">2007 Cricket World Cup</a> (CWC 2007). The new 15,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Providence_Stadium" title="Providence Stadium">Providence Stadium</a>, also referred to as Guyana National Stadium, was built in time for the World Cup and was ready for the beginning of play on 28 March. At the first international game of CWC 2007 at the stadium, <a href="/wiki/Lasith_Malinga" title="Lasith Malinga">Lasith Malinga</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_national_cricket_team" title="Sri Lanka national cricket team">Sri Lankan team</a> took four wickets in four consecutive deliveries.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Guyana%27s_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyana's national basketball team">Guyana's national basketball team</a> has traditionally been one of the top contenders at the <a href="/wiki/CaribeBasket" class="mw-redirect" title="CaribeBasket">CaribeBasket</a>, the top international basketball tournament for countries in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>. </p><p>For international football purposes, <a href="/wiki/Guyana_national_football_team" title="Guyana national football team">Guyana</a> is part of CONCACAF. The highest league in their club system is the <a href="/wiki/GFF_Elite_League" title="GFF Elite League">GFF Elite League</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guyana_national_football_team" title="Guyana national football team">Guyana's national football team</a> has never qualified for the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a>; however, they qualified for the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Cup" title="Caribbean Cup">Caribbean Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/1991_Caribbean_Cup" title="1991 Caribbean Cup">1991</a>, finishing fourth, and <a href="/wiki/2007_Caribbean_Cup" title="2007 Caribbean Cup">2007</a>. In 2019, they qualified for the <a href="/wiki/CONCACAF_Gold_Cup" title="CONCACAF Gold Cup">CONCACAF Gold Cup</a> for the first time, after finishing seventh in the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_CONCACAF_Nations_League_qualifying" title="2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League qualifying">qualifiers</a>. They finished third in Group D, having lost two matches and drawn one. </p><p>Guyana also has five courses for horse racing.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>Guyana featured a <a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach volleyball</a> team at the <a href="/wiki/2019_South_American_Beach_Games" title="2019 South American Beach Games">2019 South American Beach Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/32px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/48px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/64px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Guyana" title="Portal:Guyana">Guyana portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/32px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/48px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/64px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="561" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Caribbean" title="Portal:Caribbean">Caribbean portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guyana-related_articles" title="Index of Guyana-related articles">Index of Guyana-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Guyana" title="Outline of Guyana">Outline of Guyana</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The president is constitutionally obligated to dissolve parliament after a successful no-confidence motion against the government (article 106(6)) and new elections are called within 3 months (article 61).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e9\/En-us-Guyana.ogg\/En-us-Guyana.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Guyana.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/En-us-Guyana.ogg/En-us-Guyana.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Guyana.ogg" title="File:En-us-Guyana.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/21\/En-us-Guyana-2.ogg\/En-us-Guyana-2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Guyana-2.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-us-Guyana-2.ogg/En-us-Guyana-2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Guyana-2.ogg" title="File:En-us-Guyana-2.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ghy-<span style="font-size:90%">A(H)N</span>-ə</i></a>),<sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AH_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-statisticsguyana.gov.gy-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statisticsguyana.gov.gy_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/download.php?file=93"><i>Compedium 2: Population Composition</i></a>. Bureau of Statistics, Guyana. July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709011240/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/download.php?file=93">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compedium+2%3A+Population+Composition&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Statistics%2C+Guyana&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statisticsguyana.gov.gy%2Fdownload.php%3Ffile%3D93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?REGION=0&u=102c&u=100c&u=96c">"National Profiles | World Religion"</a>. <i>www.thearda.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231222201128/https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?REGION=0&u=102c&u=100c&u=96c">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thearda.com&rft.atitle=National+Profiles+%26%23124%3B+World+Religion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2Fworld-religion%2Fnational-profiles%3FREGION%3D0%26u%3D102c%26u%3D100c%26u%3D96c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstitution2012" class="citation web cs1">Constitution (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parliament.gov.gy/constitution.pdf">"CONSTITUTION OF THE CO-OPERATIVE REPUBLIC OF GUYANA ACT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Parliament of Guyana</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231211164535/https://parliament.gov.gy/constitution.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Guyana+country+profile&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-19546909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/guyana-population/">"Guyana Population (2024) – Worldometer"</a>. <i>www.worldometers.info</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205134615/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/guyana-population/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+Index+coefficient&rft.pub=CIA+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffield%2Fgini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income%2Fcountry-comparison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/24"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F24&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells1990" class="citation book cs1">Wells, John C. (1990). <i>Longman pronunciation dictionary</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Independent+States+in+the+World&rft.pub=state.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fs%2Finr%2Frls%2F4250.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guyana/">"Guyana"</a>. 13 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210107032754/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guyana/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guyana&rft.date=2024-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fguyana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mondiplo.com/guyana-no-recuerda-a-walter-rodney">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>" Guyana no recuerda a Walter Rodney " – Le Monde diplomatique en español"</a>. <i>mondiplo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925220844/https://mondiplo.com/guyana-no-recuerda-a-walter-rodney">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NICFI&rft.atitle=Guyana&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nicfi.no%2Fpartner-countries%2Fguyana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ragobeer2021-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ragobeer2021_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ragobeer2021_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagobeer2021" class="citation news cs1">Ragobeer, Vishani (7 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guyanachronicle.com/2021/04/07/economy-to-grow-16-4-per-cent/">"Economy to grow 16.4 per cent"</a>. <i>Guyana Chronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104112912/https://guyanachronicle.com/2021/04/07/economy-to-grow-16-4-per-cent/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2021</span>. <q>While presenting the 2021 National Budget in February, Senior Minister in the Office of the President with responsibility for Finance, Dr Ashni Singh, noted that Guyana's growth in 2020 was actually 43.5 per cent. The IMF's revised growth rate for 2020 (43.4 per cent) is now closely aligned with the figures provided by the senior minister. Meanwhile, in February also, the Dr. Singh projected that Guyana's economy is expected to grow by 20.9 per cent in 2021. ... Based on the World Bank's latest estimates, the country is set to record economic growth of 20.9 per cent at the end of 2021, 26.0 per cent in 2022 and 23.0 per cent in 2023.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guyana+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Economy+to+grow+16.4+per+cent&rft.date=2021-04-07&rft.aulast=Ragobeer&rft.aufirst=Vishani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguyanachronicle.com%2F2021%2F04%2F07%2Feconomy-to-grow-16-4-per-cent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33044/9781464814693.pdf">"Global Economic Prospects, January 2020: Slow Growth, Policy Challenges"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. openknowledge.worldbank.org. <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. p. 101. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201212055511/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33044/9781464814693.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Economic+Prospects%2C+January+2020%3A+Slow+Growth%2C+Policy+Challenges&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenknowledge.worldbank.org%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10986%2F33044%2F9781464814693.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_46-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guyana/#economy">"Guyana"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210107032754/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guyana/#economy">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Guyana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fguyana%2F%23economy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=GY">"Labor force, total – Guyana"</a>. data.worldbank.org. World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114091125/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN%3Flocations%3DGY">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Labor+force%2C+total+%E2%80%93+Guyana&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSL.TLF.TOTL.IN%3Flocations%3DGY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oec.world/en/profile/country/guy">"Guyana (GUY) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners"</a>. <i>The Observatory of Economic Complexity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230513110611/https://oec.world/en/profile/country/guy">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Observatory+of+Economic+Complexity&rft.atitle=Guyana+%28GUY%29+Exports%2C+Imports%2C+and+Trade+Partners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foec.world%2Fen%2Fprofile%2Fcountry%2Fguy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker2017" class="citation web cs1">Whitaker, James Andrew (December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329972388">"Guns and Sorcery: Raiding, Trading, and Kanaima among the Makushi"</a>. <i>ResearchGate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ResearchGate&rft.atitle=Guns+and+Sorcery%3A+Raiding%2C+Trading%2C+and+Kanaima+among+the+Makushi&rft.date=2017-12&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=James+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F329972388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaumont1871" class="citation book cs1">Beaumont, Joseph (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FwJVAAAAcAAJ&q=indentured+servitude+british+guiana&pg=PA9"><i>The New Slavery: An Account of the Indian and Chinese Immigrants in British Guiana</i></a>. W. Ridgway. pp. 8–9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531024708/https://books.google.com/books?id=FwJVAAAAcAAJ&q=indentured+servitude+british+guiana&pg=PA9">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Slavery%3A+An+Account+of+the+Indian+and+Chinese+Immigrants+in+British+Guiana&rft.pages=8-9&rft.pub=W.+Ridgway&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Beaumont&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFwJVAAAAcAAJ%26q%3Dindentured%2Bservitude%2Bbritish%2Bguiana%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/guyana/54.htm">"Guyana – HISTORY OF THE ECONOMY"</a>. <i>countrystudies.us</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090706235649/http://countrystudies.us/guyana/54.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Guyana+%E2%80%93+HISTORY+OF+THE+ECONOMY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fguyana%2F54.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/guyana/55.htm">"Guyana – HISTORY OF THE ECONOMY – Postindependence"</a>. <i>countrystudies.us</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516152906/http://countrystudies.us/guyana/55.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Guyana+%E2%80%93+HISTORY+OF+THE+ECONOMY+%E2%80%93+Postindependence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fguyana%2F55.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/162121468035426088/pdf/479830CAS0P106101Official0Use0Only1.pdf">"International Development Association Country Assistance Strategy for Guyana for the Period FY 2009–2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 15 April 2009. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417174201/http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/162121468035426088/pdf/479830CAS0P106101Official0Use0Only1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Development+Association+Country+Assistance+Strategy+for+Guyana+for+the+Period+FY+2009%E2%80%932012&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2009-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments1.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F162121468035426088%2Fpdf%2F479830CAS0P106101Official0Use0Only1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBristow2020" class="citation news cs1">Bristow, Matthew (14 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-14/world-economy-may-be-crashing-but-guyana-still-seen-growing-53">"World Economy May Be Crashing But Guyana Still Seen Growing 53%"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200504072244/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-14/world-economy-may-be-crashing-but-guyana-still-seen-growing-53">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=World+Economy+May+Be+Crashing+But+Guyana+Still+Seen+Growing+53%25&rft.date=2020-04-14&rft.aulast=Bristow&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-04-14%2Fworld-economy-may-be-crashing-but-guyana-still-seen-growing-53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100411064504/http://www.geographia.com/Guyana/geninfo.html">"Guyana General Information"</a>. Geographia.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographia.com/guyana/geninfo.html">the original</a> on 11 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guyana+General+Information&rft.pub=Geographia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographia.com%2Fguyana%2Fgeninfo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navigator-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-navigator_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navigator_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navigator_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indigenousnavigator.org/guyana">"Indigenous Peoples in Guyana"</a>. <i>Indigenous Navigator</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indigenous+Navigator&rft.atitle=Indigenous+Peoples+in+Guyana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findigenousnavigator.org%2Fguyana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoopnarine2021" class="citation web cs1">Roopnarine, Lomarsh (25 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guyanachronicle.com/2021/07/25/a-long-journey-to-emancipation/">"A long journey to Emancipation"</a>. <i>Guyana Chronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417020356/https://guyanachronicle.com/2021/07/25/a-long-journey-to-emancipation/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guyana+Chronicle&rft.atitle=A+long+journey+to+Emancipation&rft.date=2021-07-25&rft.aulast=Roopnarine&rft.aufirst=Lomarsh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguyanachronicle.com%2F2021%2F07%2F25%2Fa-long-journey-to-emancipation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers1999" class="citation book cs1">Myers, Helen (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicofhindutrin00myer"><i>Music of Hindu Trinidad</i></a></span>. University of Chicago Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicofhindutrin00myer/page/30">30</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226554532" title="Special:BookSources/9780226554532"><bdi>9780226554532</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+of+Hindu+Trinidad&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780226554532&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmusicofhindutrin00myer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430175036/http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter17.pdf"><i>Indian Diaspora</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter17.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Diaspora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiandiaspora.nic.in%2Fdiasporapdf%2Fchapter17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2005/09/050920_guyana_race.shtml">"Guyana turns attention to racism"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202071027/http://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2005/09/050920_guyana_race.shtml">Archived</a> 2 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 September 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guyana.org/features/conflicts_indiansandblacks.html">Conflict between Guyanese-Indians and Blacks in Trinidad and Guyana Socially, Economically and Politically</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202013914/http://www.guyana.org/features/conflicts_indiansandblacks.html">Archived</a> 2 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Gabrielle Hookumchand, Professor Moses Seenarine. 18 May 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/265657/20111212/guyana-politics-election-blacks-indians-ramotar-ppp.htm">International Business Times: "Guyana: A Study in Polarized Racial Politics"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715075007/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/265657/20111212/guyana-politics-election-blacks-indians-ramotar-ppp.htm">Archived</a> 15 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 12 December 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cities2012-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cities2012_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cities2012_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cities2012_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cities2012_63-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2012_Preliminary_Report.pdf">Guyana Population and Housing Census 2012: Preliminary Report</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Bureau of Statistics, Guyana. June 2014. p. 23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201010130705/https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2012_Preliminary_Report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Guyana+Population+and+Housing+Census+2012%3A+Preliminary+Report&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Statistics%2C+Guyana&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatisticsguyana.gov.gy%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F10%2F2012_Preliminary_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-village2012-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-village2012_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-village2012_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-village2012_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-village2012_64-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-village2012_64-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-village2012_64-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Population_By_Village_2012.zip">"2012 Population by Village"</a>. <i>Statistics Guyana</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417175159/https://statisticsguyana.gov.gy/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Population_by_Village_2012.zip">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Guyana&rft.atitle=2012+Population+by+Village&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatisticsguyana.gov.gy%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F10%2FPopulation_By_Village_2012.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Damoiseau, Robert (2003) <i>Eléments de grammaire comparée français-créole guyanais</i> Ibis rouge, Guyana, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84450-192-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-84450-192-3">2-84450-192-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGambhir1981" class="citation thesis cs1">Gambhir, Surendra Kumar (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8207963"><i>The East Indian Speech Community in Guyana: A Sociolinguistic Study With Special Reference to Koine Formation</i></a> (PhD dissertation). University of Pennsylvania. pp. 1–367. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/303192456">303192456</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430150912/https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8207963/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+East+Indian+Speech+Community+in+Guyana%3A+A+Sociolinguistic+Study+With+Special+Reference+to+Koine+Formation.&rft.inst=University+of+Pennsylvania&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Gambhir&rft.aufirst=Surendra+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Fdissertations%2FAAI8207963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/guyana/">"Guyana"</a>. <i>United States Department of State</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180431/https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/guyana/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Guyana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Freports%2F2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom%2Fguyana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1991" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Brackette F. (12 April 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Nx49xkfu-YC&q=christian&pg=PA298"><i>Stains on My Name, War in My Veins: Guyana and the Politics of Cultural Struggle</i></a>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1119-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1119-5"><bdi>978-0-8223-1119-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531024830/https://books.google.com/books?id=-Nx49xkfu-YC&q=christian&pg=PA298">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stains+on+My+Name%2C+War+in+My+Veins%3A+Guyana+and+the+Politics+of+Cultural+Struggle&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1991-04-12&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-1119-5&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Brackette+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Nx49xkfu-YC%26q%3Dchristian%26pg%3DPA298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guyana/">"South America :: Guyana — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"</a>. <i>www.cia.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210107032754/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guyana/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft.atitle=South+America+%3A%3A+Guyana+%E2%80%94+The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fguyana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/131056/1/9789241564779_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1">"WHO Report 2014 Preventing suicide: A global imperative"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150616024658/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/131056/1/9789241564779_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WHO+Report+2014+Preventing+suicide%3A+A+global+imperative.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Firis%2Fbitstream%2F10665%2F131056%2F1%2F9789241564779_eng.pdf%3Fua%3D1%26ua%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21616972-when-it-comes-people-taking-their-own-lives-guyana-leads-world-desperate-measures">"Desperate measures"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 13 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170610122736/http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21616972-when-it-comes-people-taking-their-own-lives-guyana-leads-world-desperate-measures">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Desperate+measures&rft.date=2014-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Famericas%2F21616972-when-it-comes-people-taking-their-own-lives-guyana-leads-world-desperate-measures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2011_Part1.pdf">WHO Health-Related Millennium Development Goals Report 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120617072744/http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2011_Part1.pdf">Archived</a> 17 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Part1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/guyana/44.htm">"Guyana – EDUCATION"</a>. <i>countrystudies.us</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814064255/http://countrystudies.us/guyana/44.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Guyana+%E2%80%93+EDUCATION&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fguyana%2F44.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uis.unesco.org/en/country/gy">"Guyana"</a>. <i>uis.unesco.org</i>. 27 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210302112953/http://uis.unesco.org/en/country/gy">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uis.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Guyana&rft.date=2016-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuis.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fcountry%2Fgy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennings2000" class="citation journal cs1">Jennings, Zellyne (1 May 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003926406978">"Functional literacy of Young Guyanese Adults"</a>. <i>International Review of Education</i>. <b>46</b> (1): 93–116. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000IREdu..46...93J">2000IREdu..46...93J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1003926406978">10.1023/A:1003926406978</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-0638">1573-0638</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142861368">142861368</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+Education&rft.atitle=Functional+literacy+of+Young+Guyanese+Adults&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=93-116&rft.date=2000-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1003926406978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142861368%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1573-0638&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000IREdu..46...93J&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Zellyne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1003926406978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2019/04/26/improving-literacy-and-numeracy-outcomes-for-guyana-early-learners">"Improving Literacy and Numeracy Outcomes for Guyana's Early Learners"</a>. <i>World Bank</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417175711/https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2019/04/26/improving-literacy-and-numeracy-outcomes-for-guyana-early-learners">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=Improving+Literacy+and+Numeracy+Outcomes+for+Guyana%27s+Early+Learners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fresults%2F2019%2F04%2F26%2Fimproving-literacy-and-numeracy-outcomes-for-guyana-early-learners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/guyana/76.htm">"Guyana – government institutions"</a>. <i>countrystudies.us</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407052814/http://countrystudies.us/guyana/76.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Guyana+%E2%80%93+government+institutions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fguyana%2F76.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/guyana/83.htm">"Guyana – Political Parties"</a>. <i>countrystudies.us</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407054218/http://countrystudies.us/guyana/83.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Guyana+%E2%80%93+Political+Parties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fguyana%2F83.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-15980149">"Guyana governing party's Donald Ramotar wins presidency"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417170255/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-15980149">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Guyana+governing+party%27s+Donald+Ramotar+wins+presidency&rft.date=2011-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-15980149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-32747514">"Ex-general David Granger wins Guyana election"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 15 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417170813/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-32747514">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ex-general+David+Granger+wins+Guyana+election&rft.date=2015-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-32747514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-53637085">"Guyana swears in Irfaan Ali as president after long stand-off"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 3 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803201857/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-53637085">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Guyana+swears+in+Irfaan+Ali+as+president+after+long+stand-off&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-53637085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2019" class="citation web cs1">Marshall, Svetlana (21 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guyanachronicle.com/2019/03/21/ruling-on-confidence-vote-appeal-friday">"Ruling on confidence vote appeal Friday"</a>. Guyana Chronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322111824/http://guyanachronicle.com/2019/03/21/ruling-on-confidence-vote-appeal-friday">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ruling+on+confidence+vote+appeal+Friday&rft.pub=Guyana+Chronicle&rft.date=2019-03-21&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Svetlana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguyanachronicle.com%2F2019%2F03%2F21%2Fruling-on-confidence-vote-appeal-friday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorder2023" class="citation web cs1">Corder, Mike (2 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/court-ruling-request-order-venezuela-halt-part-referendum-105299460.">"UN court bars Venezuela from altering Guyana's control over disputed territory"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231202140232/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/court-ruling-request-order-venezuela-halt-part-referendum-105299460.">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=UN+court+bars+Venezuela+from+altering+Guyana%27s+control+over+disputed+territory.&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft.aulast=Corder&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fcourt-ruling-request-order-venezuela-halt-part-referendum-105299460.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cips.org/supply-management/news/2016/august/guyana-hands-procurement-to-commission/">After 14 years, Guyana establishes procurement commission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021131901/https://www.cips.org/supply-management/news/2016/august/guyana-hands-procurement-to-commission/">Archived</a> 21 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, "Supply Management", 12 August 2016, accessed 1 October 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gy.usembassy.gov/u-s-army-guyana-defence-forces-strengthen-military-partnership/">"U.S. Army, Guyana Defence Forces Strengthen Military Partnership"</a>. <i>U.S. Embassy Guyana</i>. 28 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105153815/https://gy.usembassy.gov/u-s-army-guyana-defence-forces-strengthen-military-partnership/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Embassy+Guyana&rft.atitle=U.S.+Army%2C+Guyana+Defence+Forces+Strengthen+Military+Partnership&rft.date=2023-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgy.usembassy.gov%2Fu-s-army-guyana-defence-forces-strengthen-military-partnership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/gay-lesbian-bisexual-relationships-illegal-in-74-countries-a7033666.html">"LGBT relationships are illegal in 74 countries, research finds"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 17 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827151517/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/gay-lesbian-bisexual-relationships-illegal-in-74-countries-a7033666.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=LGBT+relationships+are+illegal+in+74+countries%2C+research+finds&rft.date=2016-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fgay-lesbian-bisexual-relationships-illegal-in-74-countries-a7033666.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurham" class="citation web cs1">Burham, Margaret A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.law.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1159&context=umialr">"Saving Constitutional Rights from Judicial Scrutiny: The Savings Clause in the Law of the Commonwealth Caribbean"</a>. <i>miami.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628205146/https://repository.law.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1159&context=umialr">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=miami.edu&rft.atitle=Saving+Constitutional+Rights+from+Judicial+Scrutiny%3A+The+Savings+Clause+in+the+Law+of+the+Commonwealth+Caribbean&rft.aulast=Burham&rft.aufirst=Margaret+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.law.miami.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1159%26context%3Dumialr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccj.org/ccj-declares-guyanas-cross-dressing-law-unconstitutional/">"CCJ Declares Guyana's Cross-Dressing Law Unconstitutional"</a>. The Caribbean Court of Justice. 13 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190220105715/http://www.ccj.org/news/ccj-declares-guyanas-cross-dressing-law-unconstitutional">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCJ+Declares+Guyana%27s+Cross-Dressing+Law+Unconstitutional&rft.pub=The+Caribbean+Court+of+Justice&rft.date=2018-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccj.org%2Fccj-declares-guyanas-cross-dressing-law-unconstitutional%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guyanachronicle.com/2016/01/06/president-to-respect-lgbt-rights/">"President to respect LGBT rights"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FoxNews+Latino&rft.atitle=Guyana+ponders+judicial+action+in+border+dispute+with+Venezuela&rft.date=2014-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatino.foxnews.com%2Flatino%2Fpolitics%2F2014%2F12%2F23%2Fguyana-ponders-judicial-action-in-border-dispute-with-venezuela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406062803/http://www.guyanachronicle.com/ARCHIVES/archive%2017-06-07.html">"Tribunal decision tentatively set for August"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guyanachronicle.com/ARCHIVES/archive%2017-06-07.html">the original</a> on 6 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tribunal+decision+tentatively+set+for+August&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guyanachronicle.com%2FARCHIVES%2Farchive%252017-06-07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span>. guyanachronicle.com, Archives for 17 June 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://landofsixpeoples.com/news701/nk0702053.html">"Guyana to experience 'massive' oil exploration this year"</a>. Landofsixpeoples.com. 5 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100824175352/http://landofsixpeoples.com/news701/nk0702053.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guyana+to+experience+%27massive%27+oil+exploration+this+year&rft.pub=Landofsixpeoples.com&rft.date=2007-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flandofsixpeoples.com%2Fnews701%2Fnk0702053.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929100725/http://www.caribbean360.com/News/Business/Stories/2007/04/27/NEWS0000004303.html">"News in the Caribbean"</a>. Caribbean360.com. 27 April 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caribbean360.com/News/Business/Stories/2007/04/27/NEWS0000004303.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News+in+the+Caribbean&rft.pub=Caribbean360.com&rft.date=2007-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caribbean360.com%2FNews%2FBusiness%2FStories%2F2007%2F04%2F27%2FNEWS0000004303.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islandjournal.net/reportc.htm?section=caribbeannewsnow&story=Foreign-affairs-minister-reiterates-Guyana%27s-territorial-sovereignty&id=21520&catid=13">Foreign affairs minister reiterates Guyana's territorial sovereignty</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112212835/http://www.islandjournal.net/reportc.htm?section=caribbeannewsnow&story=Foreign-affairs-minister-reiterates-Guyana%27s-territorial-sovereignty&id=21520&catid=13">Archived</a> 12 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. CaribbeanNetNews.com (17 February 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130410130121/http://www.antiguaobserver.com/?p=24790">POINT OF CLARIFICATION: Guyana clears air on Suriname border talk</a>. <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_News_Agency" title="Caribbean News Agency">Caribbean News Agency</a> (17 February 2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130208082359/http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1147">"official site of the Permanent Court of Arbitration"</a>. Pca-cpa.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pca-cpa.org/showpage.asp?pag_id=1147">the original</a> on 8 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=official+site+of+the+Permanent+Court+of+Arbitration&rft.pub=Pca-cpa.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pca-cpa.org%2Fshowpage.asp%3Fpag_id%3D1147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/GB-VE_970202_Treaty%20of%20Arbitration.pdf">"Treaty of arbitration between Venezuela and Great Britain, signed at Washington and dated the second day of February, 1897"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131101020005/http://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/GB-VE_970202_Treaty%20of%20Arbitration.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 1 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+of+arbitration+between+Venezuela+and+Great+Britain%2C+signed+at+Washington+and+dated+the+second+day+of+February%2C+1897&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeacemaker.un.org%2Fsites%2Fpeacemaker.un.org%2Ffiles%2FGB-VE_970202_Treaty%2520of%2520Arbitration.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ishmael-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ishmael_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guyana.org/features/trail_diplomacy.html">Ishmael, Odeen (1998, rev. 2006) "The Trail Of Diplomacy: A Documentary History of the Guyana-Venezuela Border Issue"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628103711/http://www.guyana.org/features/trail_diplomacy.html">Archived</a> 28 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Ishmael was Ambassador of Guyana to Venezuela when this was written.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100220105637/http://www.a-venezuela.com/mapas/map/html/politico.html">"Mapa Politico de Venezuela"</a>. A-venezuela.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.a-venezuela.com/mapas/map/html/politico.html">the original</a> on 20 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mapa+Politico+de+Venezuela&rft.pub=A-venezuela.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.a-venezuela.com%2Fmapas%2Fmap%2Fhtml%2Fpolitico.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-67635646">"Essequibo: Venezuela moves to claim Guyana-controlled region"</a>. 6 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207204335/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-67635646">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Essequibo%3A+Venezuela+moves+to+claim+Guyana-controlled+region&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-67635646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernándezAlmánzarAlberti2023" class="citation web cs1">Hernández, Osmary; Almánzar, Fernando; Alberti, Mia (6 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/06/americas/venezuelas-president-orders-creation-of-new-state-and-map-including-land-from-guyana/index.html">"Venezuela's president orders creation of new state and map including land from Guyana"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207211114/https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/06/americas/venezuelas-president-orders-creation-of-new-state-and-map-including-land-from-guyana/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kaieteur+News&rft.atitle=Takutu+Bridge+to+open+Friday&rft.date=2009-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaieteurnewsonline.com%2F2009%2F07%2F29%2Ftakutu-bridge-to-open-friday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natmon-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-natmon_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntg.gov.gy/national-monuments/">"National Monuments"</a>. <i>National Trust of Guyana</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217090532/https://ntg.gov.gy/national-monuments/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Trust+of+Guyana&rft.atitle=National+Monuments&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntg.gov.gy%2Fnational-monuments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntg.gov.gy/monument/parliament-building/">"Parliament Building – National Trust"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205183525/https://ntg.gov.gy/monument/parliament-building/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliament+Building+%E2%80%93+National+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntg.gov.gy%2Fmonument%2Fparliament-building%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.windiescricket.com/">"Composition and countries"</a>. <i>W.I Cricket team</i>. West Indies Cricket Board. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103005917/http://windiescricket.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W.I+Cricket+team&rft.atitle=Composition+and+countries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.windiescricket.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guyana.org/Handbook/sprtslit.html">"SPORTS, LITERATURE"</a>. Guyana News and Information. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111034/http://www.guyana.org/Handbook/sprtslit.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SPORTS%2C+LITERATURE&rft.pub=Guyana+News+and+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guyana.org%2FHandbook%2Fsprtslit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232539/http://www.cricketworld4u.com/grounds/00042.php">"Providence stadium – Records and statistics"</a>. <i>Cricket World 4U</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cricketworld4u.com/grounds/00042.php">the original</a> on 2 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cricket+World+4U&rft.atitle=Providence+stadium+%E2%80%93+Records+and+statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cricketworld4u.com%2Fgrounds%2F00042.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFService2013" class="citation news cs1">Service, K News (11 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2013/07/11/guyana-horse-racing-authority-continues-its-drive-to-regularize-the-sport/">"Guyana Horse Racing Authority continues its drive to regularize the sport"</a>. <i>Kaiteur News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002449/http://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2013/07/11/guyana-horse-racing-authority-continues-its-drive-to-regularize-the-sport/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kaiteur+News&rft.atitle=Guyana+Horse+Racing+Authority+continues+its+drive+to+regularize+the+sport&rft.date=2013-07-11&rft.aulast=Service&rft.aufirst=K+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaieteurnewsonline.com%2F2013%2F07%2F11%2Fguyana-horse-racing-authority-continues-its-drive-to-regularize-the-sport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlkins2019" class="citation news cs1">Alkins, Royston (16 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stabroeknews.com/2019/03/16/sports/guyana-drops-first-two-matches-at-sa-beach-volleyball-championships/">"Guyana drops first two matches at SA Beach Volleyball Championships"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stabroek_News" title="Stabroek News">Stabroek News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706093228/https://www.stabroeknews.com/2019/03/16/sports/guyana-drops-first-two-matches-at-sa-beach-volleyball-championships/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stabroek+News&rft.atitle=Guyana+drops+first+two+matches+at+SA+Beach+Volleyball+Championships&rft.date=2019-03-16&rft.aulast=Alkins&rft.aufirst=Royston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stabroeknews.com%2F2019%2F03%2F16%2Fsports%2Fguyana-drops-first-two-matches-at-sa-beach-volleyball-championships%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Brock_(philanthropist)" title="Stan Brock (philanthropist)">Brock, Stanley E.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dtUcPQAACAAJ"><i>All the Cowboys Were Indians</i></a> (Commemorative, illustrated (reprint of <i>Jungle Cowboy</i>) ed.). Lenoir City, TN: Synergy South, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-892329-00-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-892329-00-4"><bdi>978-1-892329-00-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51089880">51089880</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200829183042/https://books.google.com/books?id=dtUcPQAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+Cowboys+Were+Indians&rft.place=Lenoir+City%2C+TN&rft.edition=Commemorative%2C+illustrated+%28reprint+of+%27%27Jungle+Cowboy%27%27%29&rft.pub=Synergy+South%2C+Inc&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51089880&rft.isbn=978-1-892329-00-4&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=Stanley+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdtUcPQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Brock_(philanthropist)" title="Stan Brock (philanthropist)">Brock, Stanley E.</a> (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=awK7PAAACAAJ"><i>Jungle Cowboy</i></a> (illustrated ed.). London: Robert Hale Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7091-2972-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7091-2972-1"><bdi>978-0-7091-2972-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/650259">650259</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200825000731/https://books.google.com/books?id=awK7PAAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jungle+Cowboy&rft.place=London&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Robert+Hale+Ltd&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F650259&rft.isbn=978-0-7091-2972-1&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=Stanley+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DawK7PAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaack2004" class="citation book cs1">Haack, Donald (2004). <i>Bush Pilot in Diamond Country</i>. Charlotte, N.C: Pure Heart Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-930907-49-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-930907-49-2"><bdi>978-1-930907-49-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bush+Pilot+in+Diamond+Country&rft.place=Charlotte%2C+N.C&rft.pub=Pure+Heart+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-930907-49-2&rft.aulast=Haack&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacInnes1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hamish_MacInnes" title="Hamish MacInnes">MacInnes, Hamish</a> (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CAtEDwAAQBAJ"><i>Climb to the Lost World</i></a>. Middlesex: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-003444-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-003444-8"><bdi>978-0-14-003444-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climb+to+the+Lost+World&rft.place=Middlesex&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-14-003444-8&rft.aulast=MacInnes&rft.aufirst=Hamish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCAtEDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalkey1972" class="citation book cs1">Salkey, Andrew (1972). <i>Georgetown Journal: A Caribbean Writer's Journey from London Via Port of Spain to Georgetown, Guyana, 1970</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/New_Beacon_Books" title="New Beacon Books">New Beacon Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-901241-13-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-901241-13-9"><bdi>978-0-901241-13-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georgetown+Journal%3A+A+Caribbean+Writer%27s+Journey+from+London+Via+Port+of+Spain+to+Georgetown%2C+Guyana%2C+1970&rft.place=London&rft.pub=New+Beacon+Books&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-901241-13-9&rft.aulast=Salkey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison2003" class="citation book cs1">Morrison, Marion (2003). <i>Guyana</i>. Enchantment of the world. New York: Children's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-516-22377-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-516-22377-3"><bdi>978-0-516-22377-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guyana&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Enchantment+of+the+world&rft.pub=Children%27s+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-516-22377-3&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Marion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTemple2016" class="citation book cs1">Temple, Bob (2016). <i>Guyana</i>. Discovering South America. History, politics, and culture. Philadelphia: Mason Crest. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4222-3300-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4222-3300-9"><bdi>978-1-4222-3300-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guyana&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.series=Discovering+South+America.+History%2C+politics%2C+and+culture&rft.pub=Mason+Crest&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4222-3300-9&rft.aulast=Temple&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacchus1995" class="citation book cs1">Bacchus, Noël Compton (1995). <i>Guyana Farewell: A Recollection of Childhood in a Faraway Place</i>. New York: N. Bacchus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-962-41921-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-962-41921-8"><bdi>978-0-962-41921-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/96102460">96102460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guyana+Farewell%3A+A+Recollection+of+Childhood+in+a+Faraway+Place&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=N.+Bacchus&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F96102460&rft.isbn=978-0-962-41921-8&rft.aulast=Bacchus&rft.aufirst=No%C3%ABl+Compton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColchester1997" class="citation book cs1">Colchester, Marcus (1997). <i>Guyana: Fragile Frontier</i>. London: Latin American Bureau. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85345-971-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85345-971-2"><bdi>978-0-85345-971-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guyana%3A+Fragile+Frontier&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Latin+American+Bureau&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-85345-971-2&rft.aulast=Colchester&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1998" class="citation book cs1">Young, Matthew French (1998). <i>Guyana, The Lost El Dorado: a Report on My Work and Life Experiences in Guyana, 1925-1980</i>. Leeds, England: <a href="/wiki/Peepal_Tree_Press" title="Peepal Tree Press">Peepal Tree Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-900715-25-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-900715-25-6"><bdi>978-1-900715-25-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guyana%2C+The+Lost+El+Dorado%3A+a+Report+on+My+Work+and+Life+Experiences+in+Guyana%2C+1925-1980&rft.place=Leeds%2C+England&rft.pub=Peepal+Tree+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-900715-25-6&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Matthew+French&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacon1988" class="citation book cs1">Bacon, Margaret (1988). <i>Journey to Guyana</i>. Highworth: Hill House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9513565-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9513565-0-0"><bdi>978-0-9513565-0-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journey+to+Guyana&rft.place=Highworth&rft.pub=Hill+House&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-9513565-0-0&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison1998" class="citation book cs1">Morrison, Andrew (1998). <i>Justice: The Struggle for Democracy in Guyana, 1952-1992</i>. Guyana: s.n. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-976-8157-52-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-976-8157-52-2"><bdi>978-976-8157-52-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justice%3A+The+Struggle+for+Democracy+in+Guyana%2C+1952-1992&rft.place=Guyana&rft.pub=s.n&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-976-8157-52-2&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaly1974" class="citation book cs1">Daly, Vere T. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UOFrAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Making of Guyana</i></a>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-14482-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-14482-4"><bdi>978-0-333-14482-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1257829">1257829</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511112421/http://books.google.com/books?id=UOFrAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Guyana&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1257829&rft.isbn=978-0-333-14482-4&rft.aulast=Daly&rft.aufirst=Vere+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUOFrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnett2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._Graham_Burnett" title="D. Graham Burnett">Burnett, D. Graham</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CLNJkVbYMP8C"><i>Masters of All They Surveyed: Exploration, Geography, and a British El Dorado</i></a>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-08120-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-08120-5"><bdi>978-0-226-08120-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masters+of+All+They+Surveyed%3A+Exploration%2C+Geography%2C+and+a+British+El+Dorado&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-226-08120-5&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=D.+Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCLNJkVbYMP8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrams1998" class="citation book cs1">Abrams, Ovid (1998). <i>Metegee: The History and Culture of Guyana</i>. Queens Village, NY: Ashanti Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-966-07074-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-966-07074-3"><bdi>978-0-966-07074-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metegee%3A+The+History+and+Culture+of+Guyana&rft.place=Queens+Village%2C+NY&rft.pub=Ashanti+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-966-07074-3&rft.aulast=Abrams&rft.aufirst=Ovid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaugh1934" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Waugh" title="Evelyn Waugh">Waugh, Evelyn</a> (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ed4YAAAAYAAJ"><i>Ninety-two days: The account of a tropical journey through British Guiana and part of Brazil</i></a>. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3000330">3000330</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511112449/http://books.google.com/books?id=Ed4YAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ninety-two+days%3A+The+account+of+a+tropical+journey+through+British+Guiana+and+part+of+Brazil&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Farrar+%26+Rinehart&rft.date=1934&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3000330&rft.aulast=Waugh&rft.aufirst=Evelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEd4YAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurrellThompson1969" class="citation book cs1">Durrell, Gerald; Thompson, Ralph (1969) [1954]. <a href="/wiki/Three_Singles_to_Adventure" title="Three Singles to Adventure"><i>Three Singles to Adventure</i></a>. Harmondsworth: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-002082-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-002082-3"><bdi>978-0-14-002082-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7345923M">7345923M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+Singles+to+Adventure&rft.place=Harmondsworth&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7345923M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-14-002082-3&rft.aulast=Durrell&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJagan1967" class="citation book cs1">Jagan, Cheddi (1967). <i>The West on Trial: My Fight for Guyana's Freedom</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/International_Publishers" title="International Publishers">International Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/67003122">67003122</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+West+on+Trial%3A+My+Fight+for+Guyana%27s+Freedom&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=International+Publishers&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F67003122&rft.aulast=Jagan&rft.aufirst=Cheddi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaganJagan-BrancierIshmaelJagan1998" class="citation book cs1">Jagan, Cheddi; Jagan-Brancier, Nadira; Ishmael, M. A. Odeen; Jagan, Cheddi (1998). <i>My Fight For Guyana's Freedom</i>. Milton, Ont., Canada: Harpy. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9684059-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9684059-0-1"><bdi>978-0-9684059-0-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Fight+For+Guyana%27s+Freedom&rft.place=Milton%2C+Ont.%2C+Canada&rft.pub=Harpy&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-9684059-0-1&rft.aulast=Jagan&rft.aufirst=Cheddi&rft.au=Jagan-Brancier%2C+Nadira&rft.au=Ishmael%2C+M.+A.+Odeen&rft.au=Jagan%2C+Cheddi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenfrey1965" class="citation book cs1">Henfrey, Colin (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/throughindianeye00henf"><i>Through Indian Eyes: A Journey Among the Indian Tribes of Guiana</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Holt,_Rinehart_and_Winston" class="mw-redirect" title="Holt, Rinehart and Winston">Holt, Rinehart and Winston</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/410666">410666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+Indian+Eyes%3A+A+Journey+Among+the+Indian+Tribes+of+Guiana&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F410666&rft.aulast=Henfrey&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthroughindianeye00henf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabe2005" class="citation book cs1">Rabe, Stephen G. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-f30eVom_bkC"><i>U.S. Intervention in British Guiana: A Cold War Story</i></a>. The new Cold war history. Chapil Hill (N. C.): <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-2979-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-2979-0"><bdi>978-0-8078-2979-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Intervention+in+British+Guiana%3A+A+Cold+War+Story&rft.place=Chapil+Hill+%28N.+C.%29&rft.series=The+new+Cold+war+history&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-2979-0&rft.aulast=Rabe&rft.aufirst=Stephen+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-f30eVom_bkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterton1887" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Waterton" title="Charles Waterton">Waterton, Charles</a> (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wanderingsinso00wate"><i>Wanderings in South America</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Cassell_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassell & Company">Cassell & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24225529M">24225529M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wanderings+in+South+America&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell+%26+Company&rft.date=1887&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24225529M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Waterton&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwanderingsinso00wate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttenborough1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">Attenborough, David</a> (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zooquesttoguiana0000unse"><i>Zoo Quest to Guiana</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/The_Reprint_Society" title="The Reprint Society">The Reprint Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28039101">28039101</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zoo+Quest+to+Guiana&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Reprint+Society&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28039101&rft.aulast=Attenborough&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzooquesttoguiana0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGimlette2011" class="citation book cs1">Gimlette, John (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1l69UM5GoEkC"><i>Wild Coast: Travels on South America's Untamed Edge</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Profile_Books" title="Profile Books">Profile Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84668-252-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84668-252-0"><bdi>978-1-84668-252-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wild+Coast%3A+Travels+on+South+America%27s+Untamed+Edge&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84668-252-0&rft.aulast=Gimlette&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1l69UM5GoEkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClementi1915" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Clementi" title="Cecil Clementi">Clementi, Cecil</a> (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caribbeanpress.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Cecil-Clementi-The-Chinese-In-British-Guiana-Complete-Text.pdf"><i>The Chinese in British Guiana</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Georgetown, British Guiana: The Argosy Company Limited. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084621/http://caribbeanpress.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Cecil-Clementi-The-Chinese-In-British-Guiana-Complete-Text.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+in+British+Guiana&rft.place=Georgetown%2C+British+Guiana&rft.pub=The+Argosy+Company+Limited&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Clementi&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaribbeanpress.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F09%2FCecil-Clementi-The-Chinese-In-British-Guiana-Complete-Text.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuyana" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Guyana</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guyana" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Guyana">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Guyana" class="extiw" title="c:Guyana">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guyana" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Guyana">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Guyana" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Guyana">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Guyana" class="extiw" title="voy:Guyana">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://op.gov.gy/">Office of the President, Republic of Guyana</a> (official website).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.gy/">Parliament of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana</a> (official website).</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Guyana" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Guyana">Wikimedia Atlas of Guyana</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/287083">Guyana</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guyana/">Guyana</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1211325.stm">Country Profile</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Guyana">Guyana</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607084928/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/guyana.htm">Guyana</a> at <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i>.</li> <li>The State of the World's Midwifery, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unfpa.org/ICPD_GY">Guyana Country Profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815212039/https://www.unfpa.org/ICPD_GY">Archived</a> 15 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=GY">Key Development Forecasts for Guyana</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Guyana_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guyana_topics" title="Template:Guyana topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guyana_topics" title="Template talk:Guyana topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guyana_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guyana topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Guyana_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guyana</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guyana-related_articles" title="Index of Guyana-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guyana" title="History of Guyana">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonisation_of_the_Guianas" title="Dutch colonisation of the Guianas">Dutch Guiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Essequibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara" title="Demerara">Demerara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbice_slave_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Berbice slave uprising">Berbice slave uprising <span style="font-size:85%;">(1763–1764)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana <span style="font-size:85%;">(1831–1966)</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_British_Guiana" title="List of governors of British Guiana">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1895" title="Venezuelan crisis of 1895">Venezuelan crisis of 1895</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Guiana_during_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Guiana during World War II (page does not exist)">World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guyana" title="Geography of Guyana">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issues in Guyana">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Guyana" title="Fauna of Guyana">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Guyana">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaieteur_National_Park" title="Kaieteur National Park">Kaieteur National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Guyana">Subdivisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Guyana" title="Regions of Guyana">Administrative regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Guyana" title="List of cities and towns in Guyana">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood_Councils_of_Guyana" title="Neighbourhood Councils of Guyana">Neighbourhood Councils</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Guyana" title="Politics of Guyana">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Guyana" title="Cabinet of Guyana">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Guyana" title="Chief Justice of Guyana">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Guyana" title="Constitution of Guyana">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Guyana" title="Elections in Guyana">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Guyana" title="Foreign relations of Guyana">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Guyana)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Guyana)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Guyana" title="List of heads of state of Guyana">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana_Defence_Force" title="Guyana Defence Force">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_(Guyana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Staff (Guyana)">Chief of Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Guyana)" title="National Assembly (Guyana)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Guyana" title="List of speakers of the National Assembly of Guyana">Speakers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Guyana" title="List of political parties in Guyana">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Guyana" title="President of Guyana">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guyana" title="Prime Minister of Guyana">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_of_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition of Guyana">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Judicature_(Guyana)" title="Supreme Court of Judicature (Guyana)">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guyana" title="Economy of Guyana">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Guyana" title="Agriculture in Guyana">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Guyana" title="List of companies of Guyana">Companies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guyana_Sugar_Corporation" title="Guyana Sugar Corporation">Guyana Sugar Corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_dollar" title="Guyanese dollar">Dollar <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Guyana">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_and_technology_in_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science and technology in Guyana (page does not exist)">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana_Stock_Exchange" title="Guyana Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guyana" title="Telecommunications in Guyana">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Guyana" title="Transport in Guyana">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Guyana" title="Category:Society of Guyana">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Guyana" title="Crime in Guyana">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guyana" title="Demographics of Guyana">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Guyana" title="Education in Guyana">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Guyana" title="Health in Guyana">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Guyana" title="Indigenous peoples in Guyana">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guyana" title="Languages of Guyana">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Guyana">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guyana" title="Religion in Guyana">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Guyana" title="Squatting in Guyana">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Guyana" title="Suicide in Guyana">Suicide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guyana" title="Culture of Guyana">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Land_of_Guyana,_of_Rivers_and_Plains" title="Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Guyana">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Guyana" title="Coat of arms of Guyana">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyanese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guyana" title="Flag of Guyana">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_literature" title="Guyanese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of Guyana (page does not exist)">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guyana" title="Music of Guyana">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Guyana" title="Public holidays in Guyana">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Guyana">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Guyana" title="Outline of Guyana">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guyana-related_articles" title="Index of Guyana-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Guyana" title="Category:Guyana">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Guyana" title="Portal:Guyana">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Guyana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Guyana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Guyana</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_Guyana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Guyana" title="Template:Regions of Guyana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Guyana" title="Template talk:Regions of Guyana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_Guyana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of Guyana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_Guyana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Guyana" title="Regions of Guyana">Regions of Guyana</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Barima-Waini" title="Barima-Waini">Barima-Waini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeroon-Supenaam" title="Pomeroon-Supenaam">Pomeroon-Supenaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_Islands-West_Demerara" title="Essequibo Islands-West Demerara">Essequibo Islands-West Demerara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara-Mahaica" title="Demerara-Mahaica">Demerara-Mahaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahaica-Berbice" title="Mahaica-Berbice">Mahaica-Berbice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Berbice-Corentyne" title="East Berbice-Corentyne">East Berbice-Corentyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyuni-Mazaruni" title="Cuyuni-Mazaruni">Cuyuni-Mazaruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potaro-Siparuni" title="Potaro-Siparuni">Potaro-Siparuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Takutu-Upper_Essequibo" title="Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo">Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Demerara-Berbice" title="Upper Demerara-Berbice">Upper Demerara-Berbice</a></li></ol> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guyana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Guyana"><img alt="Flag of Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/60px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/90px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/120px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Guyana&#124;link=Guyana_Settlements_in_Guyana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Settlements_in_Guyana" title="Template:Settlements in Guyana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Settlements_in_Guyana" title="Template talk:Settlements in Guyana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Settlements_in_Guyana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Settlements in Guyana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Guyana&#124;link=Guyana_Settlements_in_Guyana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Guyana" title="List of cities and towns in Guyana">Settlements in Guyana</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>For the definition of city, town, etc see <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Guyana" title="List of cities and towns in Guyana">Settlements in Guyana</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Guyana" title="Georgetown, Guyana">Georgetown</a> (neighborhoods: <a href="/wiki/Cummingsburg" title="Cummingsburg">Cummingsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Guyana" title="Kingston, Guyana">Kingston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophia,_Georgetown" title="Sophia, Georgetown">Sophia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stabroek,_Guyana" title="Stabroek, Guyana">Stabroek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werk-en-rust" title="Werk-en-rust">Werk-en-rust</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Regina" title="Anna Regina">Anna Regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartica" title="Bartica">Bartica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corriverton" title="Corriverton">Corriverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethem,_Guyana" title="Lethem, Guyana">Lethem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Guyana" title="Linden, Guyana">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabaruma" title="Mabaruma">Mabaruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdia,_Guyana" title="Mahdia, Guyana">Mahdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam,_Guyana" title="New Amsterdam, Guyana">New Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Hall,_Guyana" title="Rose Hall, Guyana">Rose Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achiwib" title="Achiwib">Achiwib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure,_Guyana" title="Adventure, Guyana">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agatash" title="Agatash">Agatash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aishalton" title="Aishalton">Aishalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion,_Guyana" title="Albion, Guyana">Albion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annai,_Guyana" title="Annai, Guyana">Annai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annandale,_Demerara-Mahaica" title="Annandale, Demerara-Mahaica">Annandale, Demerara-Mahaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annandale,_Pomeroon-Supenaam" title="Annandale, Pomeroon-Supenaam">Annandale, Pomeroon-Supenaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apoteri" title="Apoteri">Apoteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranaputa" title="Aranaputa">Aranaputa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assakata" title="Assakata">Assakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awarewaunau" title="Awarewaunau">Awarewaunau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baracara" title="Baracara">Baracara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baramita" title="Baramita">Baramita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfield,_Guyana" title="Belfield, Guyana">Belfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belladrum" title="Belladrum">Belladrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beterverwagting" title="Beterverwagting">Beterverwagting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Hope" title="Better Hope">Better Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma,_Guyana" title="Burma, Guyana">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxton,_Guyana" title="Buxton, Guyana">Buxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbelltown,_Guyana" title="Campbelltown, Guyana">Campbelltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_Grove" title="Cane Grove">Cane Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoey" title="Capoey">Capoey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity,_Guyana" title="Charity, Guyana">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonbrook" title="Clonbrook">Clonbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cove_and_John" title="Cove and John">Cove and John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabwood_Creek" title="Crabwood Creek">Crabwood Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Amstel" title="Den Amstel">Den Amstel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enmore,_Guyana" title="Enmore, Guyana">Enmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise,_Guyana" title="Enterprise, Guyana">Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esau_and_Jacob" title="Esau and Jacob">Esau and Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Island,_Guyana" title="Fort Island, Guyana">Fort Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wellington,_Guyana" title="Fort Wellington, Guyana">Fort Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goed_Fortuin" title="Goed Fortuin">Goed Fortuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney,_Guyana" title="Hackney, Guyana">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court,_Guyana" title="Hampton Court, Guyana">Hampton Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Guyana" title="Helena, Guyana">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiawa" title="Hiawa">Hiawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogg_Island,_Guyana" title="Hogg Island, Guyana">Hogg Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosororo" title="Hosororo">Hosororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Guyana" title="Hyde Park, Guyana">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbaimadai" title="Imbaimadai">Imbaimadai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isseneru" title="Isseneru">Isseneru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issano" title="Issano">Issano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituni" title="Ituni">Ituni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacklow" title="Jacklow">Jacklow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonestown,_Mahaica" title="Jonestown, Mahaica">Jonestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabakaburi" title="Kabakaburi">Kabakaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarang" title="Kamarang">Kamarang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamwatta_Hill" title="Kamwatta Hill">Kamwatta Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanashen" title="Kanashen">Kanashen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karasabai" title="Karasabai">Karasabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaudarnau" title="Karaudarnau">Karaudarnau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartabo,_Guyana" title="Kartabo, Guyana">Kartabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuela" title="Kasuela">Kasuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kato,_Guyana" title="Kato, Guyana">Kato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katoonarib" title="Katoonarib">Katoonarib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koriabo" title="Koriabo">Koriabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuru_Kururu" title="Kuru Kururu">Kuru Kururu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurupukari" title="Kurupukari">Kurupukari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurupung" title="Kurupung">Kurupung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwani" title="Kwakwani">Kwakwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwebanna" title="Kwebanna">Kwebanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonora,_Guyana" title="Leonora, Guyana">Leonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima_Sands" title="Lima Sands">Lima Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusignan,_Guyana" title="Lusignan, Guyana">Lusignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahaica" title="Mahaica">Mahaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahaicony" title="Mahaicony">Mahaicony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruranau" title="Maruranau">Maruranau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthews_Ridge,_Guyana" title="Matthews Ridge, Guyana">Matthews Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Met-en-Meerzorg" title="Met-en-Meerzorg">Met-en-Meerzorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micobie" title="Micobie">Micobie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moleson_Creek" title="Moleson Creek">Moleson Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Mountain,_Guyana" title="Monkey Mountain, Guyana">Monkey Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraikobai" title="Moraikobai">Moraikobai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morawhanna" title="Morawhanna">Morawhanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabaclis" title="Nabaclis">Nabaclis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nappi,_Guyana" title="Nappi, Guyana">Nappi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonpareil,_Guyana" title="Nonpareil, Guyana">Nonpareil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onderneeming" title="Onderneeming">Onderneeming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orealla" title="Orealla">Orealla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise,_Guyana" title="Paradise, Guyana">Paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramakatoi" title="Paramakatoi">Paramakatoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parika" title="Parika">Parika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickersgill,_Guyana" title="Pickersgill, Guyana">Pickersgill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaisance,_Guyana" title="Plaisance, Guyana">Plaisance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Kaituma" title="Port Kaituma">Port Kaituma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Mourant" title="Port Mourant">Port Mourant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Guyana" title="Providence, Guyana">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_Guyana" title="Queenstown, Guyana">Queenstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewa,_Guyana" title="Rewa, Guyana">Rewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstone" title="Rockstone">Rockstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosignol" title="Rosignol">Rosignol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_Creek,_Guyana" title="Sand Creek, Guyana">Sand Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mission" title="Santa Mission">Santa Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_Guyana" title="Santa Rosa, Guyana">Santa Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawariwau" title="Sawariwau">Sawariwau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxacalli" title="Saxacalli">Saxacalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeldon,_Guyana" title="Skeldon, Guyana">Skeldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soesdyke" title="Soesdyke">Soesdyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Garden,_Guyana" title="Spring Garden, Guyana">Spring Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Cuthbert%27s_Mission" title="St. Cuthbert's Mission">St. Cuthbert's Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ignatius,_Guyana" title="St. Ignatius, Guyana">St. Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Monica_Karawab" title="St. Monica Karawab">St. Monica Karawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewartville,_Guyana" title="Stewartville, Guyana">Stewartville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suddie" title="Suddie">Suddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supenaam" title="Supenaam">Supenaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surama" title="Surama">Surama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timehri" title="Timehri">Timehri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toka,_Guyana" title="Toka, Guyana">Toka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph,_Guyana" title="Triumph, Guyana">Triumph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumatumari" title="Tumatumari">Tumatumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuschen" title="Tuschen">Tuschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uitvlugt" title="Uitvlugt">Uitvlugt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity,_Guyana" title="Unity, Guyana">Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Guyana" title="Victoria, Guyana">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vreed_en_Hoop" title="Vreed en Hoop">Vreed en Hoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vriesland,_Guyana" title="Vriesland, Guyana">Vriesland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakapau" title="Wakapau">Wakapau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weldaad" title="Weldaad">Weldaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater,_Guyana" title="Whitewater, Guyana">Whitewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Forest,_Guyana" title="Windsor Forest, Guyana">Windsor Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wowetta" title="Wowetta">Wowetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yupukari" title="Yupukari">Yupukari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeeburg,_Guyana" title="Zeeburg, Guyana">Zeeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeelandia,_Guyana" title="Zeelandia, Guyana">Zeelandia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abary" title="Abary">Abary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakaka" title="Arakaka">Arakaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Lot" title="Bush Lot">Bush Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Guyana" title="El Paso, Guyana">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_Light" title="Governor Light">Governor Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karinambo" title="Karinambo">Karinambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaka,_Barima-Waini" title="Kumaka, Barima-Waini">Kumaka, Barima-Waini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaka,_East_Berbice-Corentyne" title="Kumaka, East Berbice-Corentyne">Kumaka, East Berbice-Corentyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Creek,_Guyana" title="Long Creek, Guyana">Long Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mora_Point" title="Mora Point">Mora Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noitgedacht" title="Noitgedacht">Noitgedacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinduik" title="Orinduik">Orinduik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeville,_Guyana" title="Princeville, Guyana">Princeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Hill,_Guyana" title="Silver Hill, Guyana">Silver Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumatumari_Landing" title="Tumatumari Landing">Tumatumari Landing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Estates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherinas_Lust" title="Catherinas Lust">Catherinas Lust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadanawa_Ranch" title="Dadanawa Ranch">Dadanawa Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichabai" title="Wichabai">Wichabai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_Village" title="Bethany Village">Bethany Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paruima" title="Paruima">Paruima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Guianas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Guianas" title="Template:The Guianas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Guianas" title="Template talk:The Guianas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Guianas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Guianas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Guianas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá"><img alt="Amapá" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Amap%C3%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana"><img alt="French Guiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/45px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guayana_Region,_Venezuela" title="Guayana Region, Venezuela">Guayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_territorial_dispute" title="Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute">Esequiba</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guyana</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname"><img alt="Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tigri_Area" title="Tigri Area">Tigri Area</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_British_Guiana_%281906%E2%80%931919%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara" title="Demerara">Demerara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Essequibo</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Independent_Guyana_%281886-1887%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Independent_Guiana" title="Republic of Independent Guiana">Counani</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Dutch Guiana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonisation_of_the_Guianas" title="Dutch colonisation of the Guianas">Pre-1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeroon_(colony)" title="Pomeroon (colony)">Pomeroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Counani_%281904-1912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Independent_Guiana#_Free_State_of_Counani_(1904–1912)" title="Republic of Independent Guiana">Free Counani</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guayana_Province" title="Guayana Province">Trinidad-Guayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(English_colony)" title="Surinam (English colony)">Surinam (English colony)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_South_America" title="Template:Countries of South America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_South_America" title="Template talk:Countries of South America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_South_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of South America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_South_America" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America">Countries and dependencies of South America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/80px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/160px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">UK</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Commonwealth" title="Template talk:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a><br />(members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries">Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hissein_Brahim_Taha" title="Hissein Brahim Taha">Hissein Brahim Taha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Pakistan-OIC relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Countries<br />and territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Muslim<br />communities</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">International<br />organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Declarations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuja_Declaration_(1989)" title="Abuja Declaration (1989)">Abuja Declaration (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11" title="OIC Resolution 10/11">OIC Resolution 10/11</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37" title="OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37">OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sessions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Extraordinary" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extraordinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="First Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Second Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Third Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fifth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Sixth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Seventh Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Eighth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Ninth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Arab%E2%80%93Islamic_extraordinary_summit" title="2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit">Arab–Islamic (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP (PPP)">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_per_capita_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP per capita (PPP)">GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_exports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_imports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by imports">Imports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by population">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Education in the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> As the "Turkish Cypriot State".</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Union_of_South_American_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Union_of_South_American_Nations_topics" title="Template:Union of South American Nations topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Union_of_South_American_Nations_topics" title="Template talk:Union of South American Nations topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Union_of_South_American_Nations_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Union of South American Nations topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Union_of_South_American_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_Mercosur" title="Member states of Mercosur">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspended members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_South_American_Summit" title="2004 South American Summit">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Ecuador_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 Ecuador South American Summit (page does not exist)">2009 Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Argentina_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 Argentina South American Summit (page does not exist)">2009 Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_South_American_Summit" title="2010 South American Summit">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_South_American_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 South American Summit (page does not exist)">2014</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cusco_Declaration" title="Cusco Declaration">Cusco Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNASUR_Constitutive_Treaty" title="UNASUR Constitutive Treaty">Constitutive Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations">President Pro Tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">Bank of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Parliament" title="South American Parliament">South American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_the_Integration_of_the_Regional_Infrastructure_of_South_America" title="Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America">Initiative for Infrastructure Integration of South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_South_American_Defense" title="Council of South American Defense">Council of South American Defense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Community of Nations">Andean Community</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259569809"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" title="Template:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" title="Template talk:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caribbean_Community_(CARICOM)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Secretariat of the Caribbean Community">Secretariat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Secretary-General of the Caribbean Community">Secretary-General</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Free_Trade_Association" title="Caribbean Free Trade Association">Caribbean Free Trade Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chaguaramas" title="Treaty of Chaguaramas">Treaty of Chaguaramas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Single Market and Economy (CSME)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Caribbean_Community" title="Flag of the Caribbean Community"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/68px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/102px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/136px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/32px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/48px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/64px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="561" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Caribbean" title="Portal:Caribbean">Caribbean portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Meteorological_Organisation" title="Caribbean Meteorological Organisation">Caribbean Meteorological Organisation (CMO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fund_for_Commodities" title="Common Fund for Commodities">Common Fund for Commodities (CFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Court_of_Justice" title="Caribbean Court of Justice">Court of Justice (CCJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Disaster_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency">Disaster Emergency Management (CDEMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Examinations_Council" title="Caribbean Examinations Council">Examinations Council (CXC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Institute_for_Meteorology_and_Hydrology" title="Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology">Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Public_Health_Agency" title="Caribbean Public Health Agency">Public Health Agency (CARPHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Single Market and Economy (CSME)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>1</sup> Member of the Community but not of the <a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">CARICOM Single Market and Economy</a> (CSME)</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British overseas territory</a> awaiting entrustment to join the CSME</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organization_of_American_States_(OAS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organization_of_American_States" title="Template:Organization of American States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organization_of_American_States" title="Template talk:Organization of American States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organization_of_American_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organization of American States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organization_of_American_States_(OAS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="Member states of the Organization of American States">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="General Assembly of the Organization of American States">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States_Secretariat_for_Political_Affairs" title="Organization of American States Secretariat for Political Affairs">Secretariat for Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_for_Integral_Development" title="Executive Secretary for Integral Development">Secretariat for Integral Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States_Secretariat_for_Multidimensional_Security" title="Organization of American States Secretariat for Multidimensional Security">Secretariat for Multidimensional Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Commission_of_Women" title="Inter-American Commission of Women">Inter-American Commission of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="Inter-American Commission on Human Rights">Inter-American Commission on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Telecommunication_Commission" title="Inter-American Telecommunication Commission">Inter-American Telecommunication Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="Inter-American Court of Human Rights">Inter-American Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Union_Building" title="Pan American Union Building">Pan American Union Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="Charter of the Organization of American States">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Declaration_of_the_Rights_and_Duties_of_Man" title="American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man">American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="American Convention on Human Rights">American Convention on Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Conference" title="Pan-American Conference">Pan-American Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_of_the_Americas" title="Summit of the Americas">Summit of the Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121607790">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124902112">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1208722/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvCPHbXvPDHJhhX89Xjmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4072186-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Guyana"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80061018">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11880103n">France</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238516h">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11880103n">BnF data</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15238516h">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562099">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Guyana"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134195&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451786">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dgf15l0f5gwjw">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548188605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/c4a33ce9-580e-3d57-9c32-f75daf2f75ef">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/000b0aad-70b0-4b26-974a-9c7a9ae1c3b3">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/uOh1lv4g">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027317188">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/032639">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035730">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/guyana">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guyana&params=5_N_58.75_W_type:country_region:GY"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">58°45′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5°N 58.75°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5; -58.75</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guyana&oldid=1259623872">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guyana&oldid=1259623872</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1966_establishments_in_South_America" 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