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Arousal - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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</div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_es.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=es" class=""><span>Donaciones</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_una_cuenta&amp;returnto=Arousal" title="Te recomendamos crear una cuenta e iniciar sesión; sin embargo, no es obligatorio" class=""><span>Crear una cuenta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discusión</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contenidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contenidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fisiología" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisiología"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fisiología</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisiología-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Función" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Función"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Función</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Función-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplicaciones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicaciones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aplicaciones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplicaciones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipos_de_arousal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipos_de_arousal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tipos de arousal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipos_de_arousal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véase_también" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véase_también"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Véase también</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Véase_también-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlaces_externos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlaces_externos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Enlaces externos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlaces_externos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arousal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 22 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%B8" title="تيقظ (árabe)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيقظ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arousal" title="Arousal (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arousal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arousal" title="Arousal (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arousal" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erutus" title="Erutus (estonio)" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Erutus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="انگیختگی (persa)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انگیختگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_physiologique" title="Activation physiologique (francés)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Activation physiologique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="עוררות (hebreo)" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עוררות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecito" title="Ecito (ido)" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ecito" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arousal" title="Arousal (italiano)" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arousal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%9A%E9%86%92" title="覚醒 (japonés)" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="覚醒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%81%EC%84%B1" title="각성 (coreano)" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="각성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arousal" title="Arousal (neerlandés)" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arousal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podniecenie" title="Podniecenie (polaco)" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Podniecenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excita%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Excitação (portugués)" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Excitação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Возбуждение (физиология) (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Возбуждение (физиология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Побуђеност (serbio)" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Побуђеност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arousal" title="Arousal (sueco)" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arousal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7" title="สภาวะตื่นตัว (tailandés)" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สภาวะตื่นตัว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Збудження (фізіологія) (ucraniano)" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Збудження (фізіологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%92_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="بے داری (urdu)" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بے داری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%9A%E9%86%92" title="喚醒 (chino)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="喚醒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%92%E8%A6%BA" title="醒覺 (cantonés)" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="醒覺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q379784#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar enlaces interlingüísticos" class="wbc-editpage">Editar enlaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nombres"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arousal" title="Ver la página de contenido [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artículo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discusi%C3%B3n:Arousal" rel="discussion" title="Discusión acerca de la página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discusión</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar variante de idioma" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">español</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arousal"><span>Leer</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=edit" title="Editar esta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=history" title="Versiones anteriores de esta página [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Herramientas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Herramientas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Herramientas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Más opciones" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acciones </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arousal"><span>Leer</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=edit" title="Editar esta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=history"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:LoQueEnlazaAqu%C3%AD/Arousal" title="Lista de todas las páginas de la wiki que enlazan aquí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lo que enlaza aquí</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosEnEnlazadas/Arousal" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recientes en las páginas que enlazan con esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios en enlazadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=es" title="Subir archivos [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Subir archivo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasEspeciales" title="Lista de todas las páginas especiales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;oldid=163622677" title="Enlace permanente a esta versión de la página"><span>Enlace permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=info" title="Más información sobre esta página"><span>Información de la página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&amp;page=Arousal&amp;id=163622677&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información sobre cómo citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Acortador_de_URL&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArousal"><span>Obtener URL acortado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArousal"><span>Descargar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Arousal"><span>Crear un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Arousal&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;printable=yes" title="Versión imprimible de esta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión para imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En otros proyectos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arousal" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q379784" title="Enlace al elemento conectado del repositorio de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><p>El <b>arousal</b> o <b>nivel de excitación cortical y alerta</b> (también, <b>neuroexcitación</b> o <b>excitación neurológica</b>) es un término de la <a href="/wiki/Neurolog%C3%ADa" title="Neurología">neurología</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisiolog%C3%ADa" title="Fisiología">fisiología</a> y <a href="/wiki/Psicolog%C3%ADa" title="Psicología">psicología</a> médicas que designa una activación general fisiológica y psicológica del organismo, que varía en un continuo que va desde el sueño profundo hasta la excitación intensa, según <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Gould&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Gould (aún no redactado)">Daniel Gould</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vikki_Krane&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vikki Krane (aún no redactado)">Vikki Krane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p><p>El arousal es un estado fisiológico del organismo en vigilia, en respuesta a estímulos internos y externos. Estos estímulos desencadenan fluctuaciones en la <a href="/wiki/Conducta_humana" class="mw-redirect" title="Conducta humana">conducta</a>, la actividad del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_nervioso_aut%C3%B3nomo" title="Sistema nervioso autónomo">sistema nervioso autónomo</a> y la actividad eléctrica cortical.<sup id="cite_ref-Redolar,2011_3-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Redolar,2011-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p><p>Existe un nivel óptimo de arousal para un buen desempeño, y muy poca o demasiada excitación puede afectar negativamente el desempeño de la tarea. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisiología"><span id="Fisiolog.C3.ADa"></span>Fisiología</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar sección: Fisiología"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La vigilia está regulada por el <a href="/wiki/Sistema_de_activaci%C3%B3n_reticular" title="Sistema de activación reticular">sistema de activación reticular</a> ascendente, que está compuesto por cinco sistemas de <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmisor" title="Neurotransmisor">neurotransmisores</a> principales: <a href="/wiki/Acetilcolina" title="Acetilcolina">acetilcolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norepinefrina" class="mw-redirect" title="Norepinefrina">norepinefrina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dopamina" title="Dopamina">dopamina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Histamina" title="Histamina">histamina</a> y <a href="/wiki/Serotonina" title="Serotonina">serotonina</a>, que se originan en el <a href="/wiki/Tronco_del_enc%C3%A9falo" title="Tronco del encéfalo">tronco del encéfalo</a> y forman conexiones, que se extienden de forma ascendente por toda la <a href="/wiki/Corteza_cerebral" title="Corteza cerebral">corteza cerebral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Función"><span id="Funci.C3.B3n"></span>Función</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar sección: Función"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conseguir un cierto nivel de activación o arousal, es imprescindible para desempeñar cualquier tarea.<br /> Para cada tipo de tarea, se puede definir un grado óptimo de activación, en el cual el rendimiento es máximo.<sup id="cite_ref-UdeB,2018_5-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-UdeB,2018-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p><p>Es la capacidad de estar despierto y de mantener la alerta que implica la capacidad de seguir estímulos u órdenes.<br /> </p><p>La vigilia está regulada por el <a href="/wiki/Sistema_de_activaci%C3%B3n_reticular" title="Sistema de activación reticular">sistema de activación reticular</a> ascendente que está compuesto de sistemas neuronales difusos con diferentes <a href="/wiki/Monoamina" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoamina">monoaminas</a> como neurotrasmisores.<br /> Cuando son estimulados, estos sistemas producen <a href="/wiki/Electroencefalograf%C3%ADa#EEG_normal_durante_la_vigilia" title="Electroencefalografía">actividad cortical</a> y estado de alerta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplicaciones">Aplicaciones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar sección: Aplicaciones"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El arousal se trata de un concepto muy utilizado en contextos en los que se trata de investigar (o mejorar) la atención y el rendimiento intelectual o deportivo.<br /> Lograr un cierto nivel de arousal (activación) a través de la estimulación ambiental resulta imprescindible para emprender cualquier tarea a realizar.<sup id="cite_ref-UdeB,2018_5-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-UdeB,2018-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;<br /> Los psicólogos Yerkes y Dodson en 1908 formularon su <a href="/wiki/Ley_de_Yerkes-Dodson" title="Ley de Yerkes-Dodson">Ley de Yerkes-Dodson</a>, que relaciona empíricamente la excitación arousal y el rendimiento. </p><p>En el aprendizaje al incrementar el arousal sobrepasando el nivel óptimo del mismo, debido a una situación muy estresante para la persona, ese aumento de la activación cortical producirá una reducción en la efectividad del desempeño. </p><p>Los investigadores han llegado a plantearse la alternativa si el atleta debería estar activado al máximo al momento de competir, si existiría un estado intermedio ideal de tensión (excitación) o si, por el contrario, sería conveniente que estuviera lo más relajado posible. La intervención motivacional también puede pesar negativamente sobre el arousal.<sup id="cite_ref-OCW_6-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-OCW-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipos_de_arousal">Tipos de arousal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar sección: Tipos de arousal"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Tarea_de_tiempo_de_reacci%C3%B3n_serial" title="Tarea de tiempo de reacción serial">tareas de tiempo de reacción serial</a> se supone que a medida que transcurre el tiempo el nivel de arousal debería disminuir. Sin embargo, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadment&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Broadment (aún no redactado)">Broadment</a> observó que esto no siempre se cumplía. Para explicar esto, abandonó la noción de arousal unitario y propuso que existen dos tipos de arousal que pueden operar de modo distinto:<sup id="cite_ref-AtpU_7-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-AtpU-7"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>7<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p> <ul><li>Arousal inferior, que correspondería al arousal cortical y al que le afectarían variables de estado como el ruido y la privación de sueño.</li></ul> <ul><li>Arousal superior, que sería un tipo de activación cognitiva y facilitaría las operaciones estratégicas encaminadas a corregir los niveles de arousal inferior.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véase_también"><span id="V.C3.A9ase_tambi.C3.A9n"></span>Véase también</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar sección: Véase también"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modelo_de_Sanders_de_los_sistemas_energ%C3%A9ticos" title="Modelo de Sanders de los sistemas energéticos">Modelo de Sanders de los sistemas energéticos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarea_de_tiempo_de_reacci%C3%B3n_serial" title="Tarea de tiempo de reacción serial">Tarea de tiempo de reacción serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_de_la_baja_excitaci%C3%B3n" title="Teoría de la baja excitación">Teoría de la baja excitación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiperactividad" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiperactividad">Hiperactividad</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFGould_D.Krane,_V.1992" class="citation libro">Gould D.; Krane, V. (1992). «The arousal-athletic performance relationship: current status and future directions.». En Horn, T.&#160;: 'Advances in sport psychology, ed. Champaign: Human Kinetics'. pp.&#160;119-141.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArousal&amp;rft.au=Gould+D.&amp;rft.au=Krane%2C+V.&amp;rft.aulast=Gould+D.&amp;rft.btitle=The+arousal-athletic++performance+relationship%3A+current+status+and+future+directions.&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.pages=119-141&amp;rft.pub=Champaign%3A+Human+Kinetics%27&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psicoactiva.com/blog/arousal-o-activacion-cortical-y-la-ley-de-yerkes-dodson/">«Arousal o activación cortical y la ley de Yerkes-Dodson»</a>. <i>¿Qué es el arousal?</i>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArousal&amp;rft.atitle=Arousal+o+activaci%C3%B3n+cortical+y+la+ley+de+Yerkes-Dodson&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%C2%BFQu%C3%A9+es+el+arousal%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psicoactiva.com%2Fblog%2Farousal-o-activacion-cortical-y-la-ley-de-yerkes-dodson%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redolar,2011-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Redolar,2011_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFRedolar_D.2011" class="citation libro">Redolar D. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.uy/books?id=WTzLYyEkVj0C&amp;pg=PA204&amp;lpg=PA204&amp;dq=estado+de+arousal&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=Atv-zLbGPK&amp;sig=uFoQCxfxMUfC6UF2svscfLfArYY&amp;hl=es-419&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiMrILK7f_eAhXFEpAKHZsMD784FBDoATADegQIABAB#v=onepage&amp;q=estado%20de%20arousal&amp;f=false">«cap 2 El cerebro como blanco de las drogas.»</a>. <i>Cerebro y adicción</i>. UOC. pp.&#160;204-205.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArousal&amp;rft.atitle=Cerebro+y+adicci%C3%B3n&amp;rft.au=Redolar+D.&amp;rft.aulast=Redolar+D.&amp;rft.btitle=cap+2+El+cerebro+como+blanco+de+las+drogas.&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.pages=204-205&amp;rft.pub=UOC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.uy%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWTzLYyEkVj0C%26pg%3DPA204%26lpg%3DPA204%26dq%3Destado%2Bde%2Barousal%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DAtv-zLbGPK%26sig%3DuFoQCxfxMUfC6UF2svscfLfArYY%26hl%3Des-419%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiMrILK7f_eAhXFEpAKHZsMD784FBDoATADegQIABAB%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Destado%2520de%2520arousal%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFTorterolo_P.Vanini_G.2010" class="citation publicación">Torterolo P.; Vanini G. (2010). «Nuevos conceptos sobre la generación y el mantenimiento de la vigilia». <i>Rev Neurol</i> (Revisión, PDF) (Departamento de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de la República; Montevideo, Uruguay) <b>50</b> (12): 747-758.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArousal&amp;rft.atitle=Nuevos+conceptos+sobre+la+generaci%C3%B3n+y+el+mantenimiento+de+la+vigilia&amp;rft.au=Torterolo+P.&amp;rft.au=Vanini+G.&amp;rft.aulast=Torterolo+P.&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.jtitle=Rev+Neurol&amp;rft.pages=747-758&amp;rft.pub=Departamento+de+Fisiolog%C3%ADa%3B+Facultad+de+Medicina%3B+Universidad+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica%3B+Montevideo%2C+Uruguay&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UdeB,2018-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-UdeB,2018_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UdeB,2018_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation libro"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.edu/psicologia_ambiental/unidad-4-tema-8-4-3">«Tema 8.4.3 Teoría del arousal y el rendimiento Arousal, estrés ambiental y rendimiento»</a>. <i>Psicología ambiental</i>. Universidad de Barcelona. 2018.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArousal&amp;rft.atitle=Psicolog%C3%ADa+ambiental&amp;rft.btitle=Tema+8.4.3+Teor%C3%ADa+del+arousal+y+el+rendimiento+Arousal%2C+estr%C3%A9s+ambiental+y+rendimiento&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.pub=Universidad+de+Barcelona&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ub.edu%2Fpsicologia_ambiental%2Funidad-4-tema-8-4-3&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OCW-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OCW_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation publicación"><i>Tema VII El AROUSAL y la Ejecución deportiva</i> (PDF). Universidad del País Vasco. p.&#160;316.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArousal&amp;rft.btitle=Tema+VII%0AEl+AROUSAL+y+la+Ejecuci%C3%B3n+deportiva&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=316&amp;rft.pub=Universidad+del+Pa%C3%ADs+Vasco&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AtpU-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AtpU_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFProctor_R.W.Johnson_A.2015" class="citation libro">Proctor R.W.; Johnson A. (2015). <i>Atención: teoría y práctica</i>. UNED, Madrid.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArousal&amp;rft.au=Johnson+A.&amp;rft.au=Proctor+R.W.&amp;rft.aulast=Proctor+R.W.&amp;rft.btitle=Atenci%C3%B3n%3A+teor%C3%ADa+y+pr%C3%A1ctica.&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pub=UNED%2C+Madrid&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Teoría del arousal y el rendimiento Arousal, estrés ambiental y rendimiento. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.edu/psicologia_ambiental/unidad-4-tema-8-4-3">Tema 8: El estrés ambiental.</a> En: Psicología ambiental. (2018) Universidad de Barcelona.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arousal&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ub.edu/psicologia_ambiental/unidad-4-tema-8-4-3">El arousal desencadenado por el estrés ambiental. Universidad de Barcelona.</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox 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var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Control_de_autoridades" title="Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Proyectos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q379784">Q379784</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arousal">Arousal</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&amp;search=%22Q379784%22">Q379784</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores médicos</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001143">D001143</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Descriptores_en_Ciencias_de_la_Salud" title="Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud">DeCS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=1148">1148</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q379784">Q379784</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arousal">Arousal</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&amp;search=%22Q379784%22">Q379784</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7c479b968‐qdjlc Cached time: 20241117052256 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.161 seconds Real time usage: 0.230 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 403/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14714/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11137/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.101/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2331176/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 4/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 192.285 1 -total 64.87% 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