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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Colonial years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1913-1994" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1913-1994"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1913-1994</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1913-1994-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-apartheid_(1994–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-apartheid_(1994–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Post-apartheid (1994–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-apartheid_(1994–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" 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class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Rank structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_senior_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_senior_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Current senior staff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_senior_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SAPS_organisational_profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SAPS_organisational_profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>SAPS organisational profile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SAPS_organisational_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Resources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Resources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Resources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Vehicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fleet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fleet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Fleet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fleet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firearms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firearms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Firearms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firearms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_and_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_and_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Criticism and controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism_and_controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticism and controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brutality_and_repression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brutality_and_repression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Brutality and repression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brutality_and_repression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marikana_massacre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marikana_massacre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Marikana massacre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marikana_massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Corruption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_former_National_Commissioners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_former_National_Commissioners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of former National Commissioners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_former_National_Commissioners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Battle honours</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Battle_honours-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Battle honours subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Battle_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>First World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="دائرة الشرطة جنوب إفريقيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دائرة الشرطة جنوب إفريقيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Police_Service" title="South African Police Service – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="South African Police Service" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_sud-africaine" title="Police sud-africaine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Police sud-africaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkonzo_yamaphoyisa_eningizimu_afrika" title="Inkonzo yamaphoyisa eningizimu afrika – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inkonzo yamaphoyisa eningizimu afrika" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="שירות המשטרה של דרום אפריקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שירות המשטרה של דרום אפריקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAPS" title="SAPS – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="SAPS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Afrikas_politi" title="Sør-Afrikas politi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sør-Afrikas politi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policia_e_Afrik%C3%ABs_s%C3%AB_Jugut" title="Policia e Afrikës së Jugut – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Policia e Afrikës së Jugut" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polis_i_Sydafrika" title="Polis i Sydafrika – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polis i Sydafrika" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Південноафриканська поліцейська служба – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Південноафриканська поліцейська служба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the pre-1994 police force, see <a href="/wiki/South_African_Police" title="South African Police">South African Police</a>. For the former police force in Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe), see <a href="/wiki/British_South_Africa_Police" title="British South Africa Police">British South Africa Police</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Law enforcement agency</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">South African Police Service<br /><i>Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SAPS_badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="South African Police Service badge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SAPS_badge.svg/140px-SAPS_badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SAPS_badge.svg/210px-SAPS_badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/SAPS_badge.svg/280px-SAPS_badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="275" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">South African Police Service badge</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_South_African_Police_Service.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="South African Police Service flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_South_African_Police_Service.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_South_African_Police_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_South_African_Police_Service.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_South_African_Police_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_South_African_Police_Service.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_South_African_Police_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="607" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">South African Police Service flag</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">SAPS</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1995</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police" title="South African Police">South African Police</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">Homeland</a> police agencies</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">171,692 (2021/22)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Jurisdictional structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency#natlea" title="Law enforcement agency">National agency</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operations jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">1,219,090 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">62,091,133 (2022 census)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instruments</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996, Chapter 11, Section 205</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">South African Police Service Act 68 of 1995</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">General nature</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency#locpol" title="Law enforcement agency">Local civilian police</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Operational structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Officers</th><td class="infobox-data">117,950 (2022/23)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Civilians</th><td class="infobox-data">52,792 (2019/20)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minister of Police responsible</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Senzo_Mchunu" title="Senzo Mchunu">Senzo Mchunu</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">General Sehlahle Fannie Masemola, National Police Commissioner</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Divisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>6</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Visible Policing</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Cluster Coordination</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Detective Service</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Crime Intelligence</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Criminal Record and Forensic Science Services</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Protection and Security Services</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Provincials</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>9</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Eastern Cape</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Free State</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Gauteng</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kwazulu-Natal</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mpumalanga</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Northern Cape</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Limpopo</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">North West</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Western Cape</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Facilities</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stations</th><td class="infobox-data">1,138 (2014/15)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saps.gov.za">www<wbr />.saps<wbr />.gov<wbr />.za</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>South African Police Service</b> (<b>SAPS</b>) is the national police force of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of South Africa">Republic of South Africa</a>. Its 1,154 police stations<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in South Africa are divided according to the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa" title="Provinces of South Africa">provincial borders</a>, and a Provincial Commissioner is appointed in each province. The nine Provincial Commissioners report directly to the <b>National Commissioner</b>. The head office is in the Wachthuis Building in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa" title="Constitution of South Africa">Constitution of South Africa</a> lays down that the South African Police Service has a responsibility to prevent, combat and investigate crime, maintain public order, protect and secure the inhabitants of the Republic and their property, uphold and enforce the law, create a safe and secure environment for all people in South Africa, prevent anything that may threaten the safety or security of any community, investigate any crimes that threaten the safety or security of any community, ensure criminals are brought to justice and participate in efforts to address the causes of crime.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and others have expressed serious concerns about South African <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">police brutality</a>, including torture and extrajudicial killings.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_years">Colonial years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Colonial years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The South African Police Service traces its origin to the Dutch Watch, a paramilitary organisation formed by settlers in the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Province" title="Cape Province">Cape Province</a> in 1655 to protect civilians and to maintain law and order. In 1795, British officials assumed control over the Dutch Watch, and in 1825 established the Cape Constabulary (which became the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> Police Force in 1840). In 1854, a police force was established in <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> which would become the Durban Borough Police, and in 1935 the Durban City Police (DCP).<sup id="cite_ref-csvr.org.za_-_Metropolitan_Police_Services_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csvr.org.za_-_Metropolitan_Police_Services-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Act 3 of 1855 established the Frontier Armed and Mounted Police Force in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a>, restyled as the Cape Mounted Riflemen in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-Irish_Times_-_The_Irish_in_South_Africa_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irish_Times_-_The_Irish_in_South_Africa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1913-1994">1913-1994</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1913-1994"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/South_African_Police" title="South African Police">South African Police</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/South_African_Police" title="South African Police">South African Police</a> (SAP) was created after the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a> in 1913. Four years later, the Mounted Riflemen's Association relinquished its civilian responsibilities to the SAP as most of its riflemen left to serve in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. The SAP and the military maintained a close relationship even after the SAP assumed permanent responsibility for domestic law and order in 1926. Police officials often called on the army for support in case of emergencies. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, one SAP brigade served with the <a href="/wiki/South_African_2nd_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="South African 2nd Infantry Division">2nd Infantry Division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Army" title="South African Army">South African Army</a> in North Africa. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_(South_Africa)" title="National Party (South Africa)">National Party</a> (NP) edged out its more liberal opponents in nationwide elections in 1948, the new government enacted legislation that strengthened the relationship between the police and the military. Police subsequently became heavily armed, especially when facing unruly or hostile crowds. The Police Act (No. 7) of 1958 broadened the mission of the SAP beyond conventional police functions, and allowed police to quell civil unrest and conduct counterinsurgency operations. The Police Amendment Act (No. 70) of 1965 allowed police to detain any person, receptacle, vehicle, aircraft, or premises within one mile of any national border, and to seize anything found without a warrant. This search-and-seize zone was extended to within eight miles of any border in 1979 and to the entire country in 1983. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-apartheid_(1994–present)"><span id="Post-apartheid_.281994.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Post-apartheid (1994–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-apartheid (1994–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The new Minister of Safety and Security, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Mufamadi" title="Sydney Mufamadi">Sydney Mufamadi</a>, obtained police training assistance from <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and proclaimed that racial tolerance and human rights would be central to police training in the future. By the end of 1995, the SAPS had incorporated the ten police agencies of the former <a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">homelands</a>, and had reorganised at both national and provincial level. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="ipu"></span>The Investigative Psychology Unit (IPU), also referred to as Investigative Psychology Section (IPS), was founded by forensic psychologist <a href="/wiki/Micki_Pistorius" title="Micki Pistorius">Micki Pistorius</a><sup id="cite_ref-Labuschagne_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Labuschagne-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1996. Elmarie Myburgh was a founding member It was then a division of the Serious and Violent Crimes Unit, later being moved to the Detective Service, and from June 2008 to the Criminal Record and Forensic Science Service (CRFSS). At that time, it comprised only three members at national head office level, led by Gerard Labuschagne.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wine_Expo_2014_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wine_Expo_2014_1.jpg/220px-Wine_Expo_2014_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wine_Expo_2014_1.jpg/330px-Wine_Expo_2014_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Wine_Expo_2014_1.jpg/440px-Wine_Expo_2014_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2569" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption>Patrol in <a href="/wiki/Stellenbosch" title="Stellenbosch">Stellenbosch</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Police_and_Prisons_Civil_Rights_Union" title="Police and Prisons Civil Rights Union">Police and Prisons Civil Rights Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_African_Policing_Union" title="South African Policing Union">South African Policing Union</a></div> <p>South African Police Service headquarters in located in Pretoria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisions">Divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of March 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were three Deputy National Commissioners, with each of these split into divisions as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-ar2023_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar2023-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Policing: <ul><li>Visible Policing and Operations</li> <li>Protection and Security Services</li></ul></li> <li>Crime Detection: <ul><li>Detective and Forensic Services</li> <li>Crime Intelligence</li></ul></li> <li>Support Services <ul><li>Human Resource Management</li> <li>Human Resource Development</li> <li>Legal and Policy Services</li> <li>Technology Management Services</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rank_structure">Rank structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rank structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A new ranking system of the South African Police Service was adopted in April 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The change caused some controversy as new ranks like "general" and "colonel" have a military connotation. Furthermore, the new rank system mirrors the system used by the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Police" title="South African Police">South African Police</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> era. In 2009, Deputy Minister of Police <a href="/wiki/Fikile_Mbalula" title="Fikile Mbalula">Fikile Mbalula</a> spoke of making the police a paramilitary force by changing the SAPS ranking system so that it would closely mirror the military ranking system. This created a significant amount of controversy from people critical of what they called the "militarisation" of the police.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ranking system was amended in 2016. The role of regional police commissioner was introduced, with the rank of lieutenant general. The major and lieutenant ranks were eliminated, with lieutenants assuming the rank of captain and majors assuming the rank of lieutenant colonel.<sup id="cite_ref-rank_reform_iol_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rank_reform_iol-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rank_reform_ewn_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rank_reform_ewn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_senior_staff">Current senior staff</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current senior staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of former commissioners, see <a href="#List_of_former_National_Commissioners">list below</a></div> <p>As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the National Commissioner is Lt. Gen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sehlahle_Fannie_Masemola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sehlahle Fannie Masemola (page does not exist)">Sehlahle Fannie Masemola</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was appointed on 31 March 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leon Mbangwa is Chief of Staff.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SAPS_organisational_profile">SAPS organisational profile</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: SAPS organisational profile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>SAPS organisational profile (March 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-ar2023_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ar2023-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Number of officers/employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ministerial personnel </td> <td>30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>National Commissioner (General) </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deputy National Commissioner (Lt. Gen.) </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Div. Commissioners/National Head/Deputy Nat. Head, other top management (Lt. Gen.) </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Provincial Commissioners (Lt. Gen.) </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Major General </td> <td>156 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brigadier </td> <td>623 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colonel </td> <td>2,417 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lieutenant Colonel </td> <td>5,975 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Captain </td> <td>12,155 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non-commissioned officers </td> <td>123,896 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public Service Act employees </td> <td>34,226 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total employees</b> </td> <td><b>179,502</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Police ranks of South Africa: Commissioned Officers </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Group </th> <th colspan="4">Senior Management </th></tr> <tr> <th>Rank </th> <td><a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> (Gen) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> (Lt Gen) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> (Maj Gen) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><i><small>Role</small></i> </th> <td><i><small>Designation of<br />National Commissioner</small></i> </td> <td><i><small>Actg. National Commissioner,<br />Deputy National Commissioner,<br />Regional Commissioner,<br />Provincial Commissioner,<br />Divisional Commissioner</small></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Insignia </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrica-Police-OF-9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-9.svg/50px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-9.svg/75px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-9.svg/100px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrica-Police-OF-8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-8.svg/50px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-8.svg/75px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-8.svg/100px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrica-Police-OF-7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-7.svg/50px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-7.svg/75px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-7.svg/100px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrica-Police-OF-6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-6.svg/50px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-6.svg/75px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-6.svg/100px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Police ranks of South Africa: Commissioned Officers </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Group </th> <th colspan="4">Junior Management </th></tr> <tr> <th>Rank </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> (Col) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> (Lt Col) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain" title="Captain">Captain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Insignia </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrica-Police-OF-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-5.svg/50px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-5.svg/75px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-5.svg/100px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrica-Police-OF-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-4.svg/50px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-4.svg/75px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-4.svg/100px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrica-Police-OF-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-2.svg/50px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-2.svg/75px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/SouthAfrica-Police-OF-2.svg/100px-SouthAfrica-Police-OF-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Police ranks of South Africa : Non-commissioned Officers </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Group </th> <th colspan="4">Other Ranks </th></tr> <tr> <th>Rank </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer">Warrant Officer</a> (WO) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> (Sgt) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constable" title="Constable">Constable</a> (Const) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Insignia </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrice-Police-Warrant_Officer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/SouthAfrice-Police-Warrant_Officer.svg/50px-SouthAfrice-Police-Warrant_Officer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/SouthAfrice-Police-Warrant_Officer.svg/75px-SouthAfrice-Police-Warrant_Officer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/SouthAfrice-Police-Warrant_Officer.svg/100px-SouthAfrice-Police-Warrant_Officer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="186" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrice-Police-Sergeant.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SouthAfrice-Police-Sergeant.svg/50px-SouthAfrice-Police-Sergeant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SouthAfrice-Police-Sergeant.svg/75px-SouthAfrice-Police-Sergeant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/SouthAfrice-Police-Sergeant.svg/100px-SouthAfrice-Police-Sergeant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="186" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAfrice-Police-Constable.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/SouthAfrice-Police-Constable.svg/50px-SouthAfrice-Police-Constable.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/SouthAfrice-Police-Constable.svg/75px-SouthAfrice-Police-Constable.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/SouthAfrice-Police-Constable.svg/100px-SouthAfrice-Police-Constable.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="186" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resources">Resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vehicles">Vehicles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through the early-1990s, the police were equipped with smoke and tear-gas dispensing vehicles, tank trucks with water cannons, vehicles that dispensed barbed wire or razor wire to cordon off areas, and a number of rotor and fixed wing aircraft for surveillance, ground force management, rapid deployment of Task Force and specialist teams to crime scenes and VIP personnel movements. The <a href="/wiki/RG-12" title="RG-12">RG-12 'Nyala'</a> is on the most commonly used armoured vehicle of the service. The <a href="/wiki/Casspir" title="Casspir">Casspir</a> <a href="/wiki/MRAP" title="MRAP">Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicle</a> is another notable vehicle used by the police.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Police_K9_Ford_Focus_(16973321327).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ford Focus[23]"><img alt="Ford Focus[23]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/South_African_Police_K9_Ford_Focus_%2816973321327%29.jpg/184px-South_African_Police_K9_Ford_Focus_%2816973321327%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/South_African_Police_K9_Ford_Focus_%2816973321327%29.jpg/276px-South_African_Police_K9_Ford_Focus_%2816973321327%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/South_African_Police_K9_Ford_Focus_%2816973321327%29.jpg/368px-South_African_Police_K9_Ford_Focus_%2816973321327%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2771" data-file-height="1807" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus" title="Ford Focus">Ford Focus</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Police_car_-_highway_patrol.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BMW 3 Series Highway Patrol"><img alt="BMW 3 Series Highway Patrol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/South_African_Police_car_-_highway_patrol.jpg/184px-South_African_Police_car_-_highway_patrol.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/South_African_Police_car_-_highway_patrol.jpg/276px-South_African_Police_car_-_highway_patrol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/South_African_Police_car_-_highway_patrol.jpg/369px-South_African_Police_car_-_highway_patrol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2980" data-file-height="1942" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BMW_3_Series" title="BMW 3 Series">BMW 3 Series</a> Highway Patrol</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Police_VW_Golf_5_GTI_(24900093814).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volkswagen Golf GTi"><img alt="Volkswagen Golf GTi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/South_African_Police_VW_Golf_5_GTI_%2824900093814%29.jpg/200px-South_African_Police_VW_Golf_5_GTI_%2824900093814%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/South_African_Police_VW_Golf_5_GTI_%2824900093814%29.jpg/300px-South_African_Police_VW_Golf_5_GTI_%2824900093814%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/South_African_Police_VW_Golf_5_GTI_%2824900093814%29.jpg/400px-South_African_Police_VW_Golf_5_GTI_%2824900093814%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2937" data-file-height="1736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Golf_GTi" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Golf GTi">Volkswagen Golf GTi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Police_Services_Durban_Explosives_Section_MB_Vito_CDI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mercedes-Benz Vito Explosives Section"><img alt="Mercedes-Benz Vito Explosives Section" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/South_African_Police_Services_Durban_Explosives_Section_MB_Vito_CDI.jpg/174px-South_African_Police_Services_Durban_Explosives_Section_MB_Vito_CDI.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/South_African_Police_Services_Durban_Explosives_Section_MB_Vito_CDI.jpg/261px-South_African_Police_Services_Durban_Explosives_Section_MB_Vito_CDI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/South_African_Police_Services_Durban_Explosives_Section_MB_Vito_CDI.jpg/348px-South_African_Police_Services_Durban_Explosives_Section_MB_Vito_CDI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3260" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Vito" title="Mercedes-Benz Vito">Mercedes-Benz Vito</a> Explosives Section</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Police_Ford_Ranger_2.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ford Ranger"><img alt="Ford Ranger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/South_African_Police_Ford_Ranger_2.2.jpg/172px-South_African_Police_Ford_Ranger_2.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/South_African_Police_Ford_Ranger_2.2.jpg/259px-South_African_Police_Ford_Ranger_2.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/South_African_Police_Ford_Ranger_2.2.jpg/345px-South_African_Police_Ford_Ranger_2.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3876" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranger_(T6)" title="Ford Ranger (T6)">Ford Ranger</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Police_car_-_Ulundi_(8).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="RG-12"><img alt="RG-12" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/South_African_Police_car_-_Ulundi_%288%29.JPG/132px-South_African_Police_car_-_Ulundi_%288%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="132" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/South_African_Police_car_-_Ulundi_%288%29.JPG/198px-South_African_Police_car_-_Ulundi_%288%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/South_African_Police_car_-_Ulundi_%288%29.JPG/264px-South_African_Police_car_-_Ulundi_%288%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3013" data-file-height="2743" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/RG-12" title="RG-12">RG-12</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Police_AS_350_B3_ZS-RWX.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eurocopter AS350"><img alt="Eurocopter AS350" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/South_African_Police_AS_350_B3_ZS-RWX.jpg/193px-South_African_Police_AS_350_B3_ZS-RWX.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/South_African_Police_AS_350_B3_ZS-RWX.jpg/290px-South_African_Police_AS_350_B3_ZS-RWX.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/South_African_Police_AS_350_B3_ZS-RWX.jpg/386px-South_African_Police_AS_350_B3_ZS-RWX.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2094" data-file-height="1302" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS350_%C3%89cureuil" title="Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil">Eurocopter AS350</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_African_Police_Pilatus_PC-6B2-H4_ZS-NIT_(6881996449).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pilatus PC-6/B2-H4"><img alt="Pilatus PC-6/B2-H4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/South_African_Police_Pilatus_PC-6B2-H4_ZS-NIT_%286881996449%29.jpg/183px-South_African_Police_Pilatus_PC-6B2-H4_ZS-NIT_%286881996449%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/South_African_Police_Pilatus_PC-6B2-H4_ZS-NIT_%286881996449%29.jpg/274px-South_African_Police_Pilatus_PC-6B2-H4_ZS-NIT_%286881996449%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/South_African_Police_Pilatus_PC-6B2-H4_ZS-NIT_%286881996449%29.jpg/366px-South_African_Police_Pilatus_PC-6B2-H4_ZS-NIT_%286881996449%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="841" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilatus PC-6">Pilatus PC-6/B2-H4</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation">Aviation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of October 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, with the arrival of a new helicopter, the SAPS Air Wing operates a fleet of 34 aeroplanes and helicopters. The Air Wing has about 50 pilots and 300 other personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fleet">Fleet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fleet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SAPS Air Wing fleet consists of:<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Airplanes</b> </p> <ul><li>8 x <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilatus PC-6">Pilatus PC-6/B2-H4</a></li> <li>1 x <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_King_Air" title="Beechcraft King Air">Beech King Air C90A</a></li> <li>1 x <a href="/wiki/Cessna_680_Citation_Sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessna 680 Citation Sovereign">Cessna 680 Citation Sovereign</a></li> <li>1 x <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-12" title="Pilatus PC-12">Pilatus PC-12</a>/47</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Helicopters</b> </p> <ul><li>16 x <a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS350" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurocopter AS350">Eurocopter AS350 B3</a></li> <li>6 x <a href="/wiki/Robinson_R44" title="Robinson R44">Robinson R44</a></li> <li>2 x <a href="/wiki/MD_Helicopters_MD_500" title="MD Helicopters MD 500">McDonnell-Douglas 369E</a></li> <li>1 x <a href="/wiki/MBB/Kawasaki_BK_117" title="MBB/Kawasaki BK 117">MBB Bk 117B1</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firearms">Firearms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Firearms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_african_police_may_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/South_african_police_may_2010.jpg/220px-South_african_police_may_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/South_african_police_may_2010.jpg/330px-South_african_police_may_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/South_african_police_may_2010.jpg/440px-South_african_police_may_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1974" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption>Officers with <a href="/wiki/R4_assault_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="R4 assault rifle">Vektor R5</a> rifles in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>South African Police Service officers generally carry a Vektor Z88 9mm <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pepper_spray" title="Pepper spray">pepper spray</a>. Each patrol car is usually also equipped a <a href="/wiki/R4_assault_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="R4 assault rifle">R5 rifle</a>. To quell disturbances a variety of firearms are used, including <a href="/wiki/Milkor_9mm_BXP_Sub-Machine_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Milkor 9mm BXP Sub-Machine Gun">BXP</a> sub-machine gun, Musler 12 gauge shotgun (capable of firing anti-riot rubber bullets contained in standard 12 bore shotgun cartridges), as well as <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> and pencil flares. The R1 rifle has been withdrawn from all front-line police armories since the mid-1990s, but is still used by elements of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Service_Special_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Police Service Special Task Force">Special Task Force</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_controversies">Criticism and controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Criticism and controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:510px"><div class="center noresize" style="width:510px;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Public trust in the South African Police Service between 1998 and 2021. The <a href="/wiki/Marikana_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Marikana Massacre">Marikana Massacre</a> (2012) and <a href="/wiki/2021_South_African_unrest" title="2021 South African unrest">Zuma Riots</a> (2021) are highlighted.<sup id="cite_ref-HSRC1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HSRC1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the departure of democratic South Africa's first National commissioner George Fivaz in January 2000, a number of successive commissioners have been unable to complete a single term in office, most implicated in and charged with misconduct.<sup id="cite_ref-khaas_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khaas-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-edit_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edit-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The distribution of personnel has been controversial, with local legislators questioning why areas most in need of policing resources are being neglected.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The department was criticised by the Western Cape Government for providing the lowest number personnel (adjusted for population) with a shortage of 2,392 officers,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite having the highest murder rate.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the subject of the <a href="/wiki/Khayelitsha_Commission" title="Khayelitsha Commission">Khayelitsha Commission</a> in 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brutality_and_repression">Brutality and repression<span class="anchor" id="Police_brutality"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Brutality and repression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_repression_in_post-apartheid_South_Africa" title="Political repression in post-apartheid South Africa">Political repression in post-apartheid South Africa</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> has expressed concerns about police brutality, including torture and extrajudicial killings, in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has also been concern about brutal training methods for the police.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Peter Jordi from the Wits Law Clinic "[Police] Torture is spiralling out of control. It is happening everywhere."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brandon Edmonds argues that "The cops prey on the poor in this country."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Independent studies have confirmed that the SAPS has been used to repress peaceful marches.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2009, SAPS attempted to ban <a href="/wiki/UnFreedom_Day" title="UnFreedom Day">unFreedom Day</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was implicated in support for September 2009 ANC mob that attacked the elected leadership of the shack settlement at <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Road,_Durban" title="Kennedy Road, Durban">Kennedy Road, Durban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police officers have also been accused of excessive policing in <a href="/wiki/Blikkiesdorp" title="Blikkiesdorp">Blikkiesdorp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Delft,_Cape_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Delft, Cape Town">Delft, Cape Town</a>, by suppression of freedom and ordering illegal curfews.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, 630 police officers from <a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauteng Province">Gauteng Province</a> were arrested for fraud and corruption, rape and murder.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An April 2012 editorial in <i><a href="/wiki/TimesLIVE" title="TimesLIVE">The Times</a></i> opined: "It seems torture and outright violation of human rights is becoming the order of the day for some of our police officers and experts warn that the line between criminals and our law enforcement officers is "blurred"."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2013, police in <a href="/wiki/Daveyton" title="Daveyton">Daveyton</a>, Gauteng were caught on video brutalising <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Mido_Macia" title="Murder of Mido Macia">Mido Macia</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambican</a> taxi driver accused of parking illegally. Macia was handcuffed to a police van and dragged through the streets, later succumbing to his injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eight police officers were arrested and later convicted of murder.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three police officers were arrested for the controversial <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Nathaniel_Julies" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Nathaniel Julies">shooting of Nathaniel Julies</a>, a 16 year-old boy with <a href="/wiki/Down_syndrome" title="Down syndrome">down syndrome</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Eldorado_Park,_Gauteng" title="Eldorado Park, Gauteng">Eldorado Park.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marikana_massacre">Marikana massacre</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Marikana massacre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marikana_miner_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Marikana miner strike">Marikana miner strike</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Marikana_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Marikana Massacre">Marikana Massacre</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a mass shooting that occurred when police broke up a gathering by striking <a href="/wiki/Lonmin" title="Lonmin">Lonmin</a> workers on a 'koppie' (hilltop) near the Nkaneng shack settlement in <a href="/wiki/Marikana" title="Marikana">Marikana</a> on 16 August 2012. 34 miners were killed and 78 miners injured, causing anger and public outcry, fueled by reports that most of the victims were shot from behind<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many shot far from police lines.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It later emerged that the violence had actually started on 11 August when leaders from the National Union of Mineworkers opened fire on striking NUM members killing two.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is alleged that police did nothing in the aftermath thereby creating a situation in which workers felt that they would have to use other means to protect themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 12 and 14 August, approximately 8 more people were killed including two policemen and two security guards.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the country's deadliest incident between police and the civilian population since the <a href="/wiki/Sharpeville_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharpeville Massacre">Sharpeville Massacre</a> of 1960, and has been referred to as a turning-point in post-1994 South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-thinkafricapress.com_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thinkafricapress.com-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corruption">Corruption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Corruption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 September 2007 an arrest warrant was issued by the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) for National Police Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Selebi" title="Jackie Selebi">Jackie Selebi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> president from 2004 to 2008). On 23 September 2007, President Mbeki suspended NPA Head Vusi Pikoli, allegedly because of "an irretrievable breakdown" in the relationship between Pikoli and Justice Minister Brigitte Mabandla. However, journalists at the <i><a href="/wiki/Mail_and_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail and Guardian">Mail and Guardian</a></i> claim to have solid information supporting the widespread suspicion that President Mbeki suspended Pikoli as part of a bid to shield Police Commissioner Selebi.<sup id="cite_ref-mail_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mail-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i>Mail and Guardian</i> on 5 October 2007 the NPA was investigating Selebi for corruption, fraud, racketeering and defeating the ends of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-mail_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mail-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selebi was found guilty of corruption in July 2010, but not guilty of further charges of perverting the course of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-guilty_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guilty-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2011 <a href="/wiki/Bheki_Cele" title="Bheki Cele">Bheki Cele</a> was implicated in unlawful conduct and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maladministration" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:maladministration">maladministration</a> with a R500m lease agreement for the new police headquarters in Pretoria.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2011, President <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> announced that Cele had been suspended pending an investigation into the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After recommendation from a board of inquiry, Zuma dismissed Cele and announced that <a href="/wiki/Riah_Phiyega" title="Riah Phiyega">Riah Phiyega</a>, the first female commissioner, would replace him.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2018, SAPS Lieutenant-General Khomotso Phahlane, who was also former acting SAPS Commissioner, and his wife appeared in court on charges of fraud and corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 July 2020, Phahlane was dismissed from the police after three years on suspension.<sup id="cite_ref-convictedandis_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-convictedandis-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same day, he was found guilty of dishonest conduct.<sup id="cite_ref-convictedandis_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-convictedandis-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 July 2019, it was announced the five North West Province police officers were arrested during the week in three separate corruption cases.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 June 2020, six senior <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a> police officers where among 14 people arrested on corruption charges.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two other senior officers, now retired, were arrested as well.<sup id="cite_ref-guateng_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guateng-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the Guateng-based SAPS officers charged with corruption included three brigadiers and a retired SAPS Lieutenant General.<sup id="cite_ref-guateng_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guateng-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 October 2020, Lieutenant-General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonang_Mgwenya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonang Mgwenya (page does not exist)">Bonang Mgwenya</a>, the country's second-most senior police official, was arrested on charges of corruption, fraud, theft and money laundering involving about R200-million and afterwards appeared in Ridge Magistrates court.<sup id="cite_ref-sapsarrested_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sapsarrested-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of Mgwenya's arrest, she and Phahlane were among 14 fellow officers who were charged with corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-sapsarrested_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sapsarrested-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mgwenya was suspended on 15 October 2020 and was dismissed from SAPS on 13 November 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 December 2020, four <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> police officers attached to the national border control unit at Cape Town International Airport were arrested for extorting money from Chinese businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 December 2020, Peter Ntsime, Acting Deputy General Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Policing_Union" title="South African Policing Union">South African Policing Union</a> (SAPU), reported that Colonel Kamelash Dalip Singh, a senior SAPU policeman from the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Anti-Corruption Unit, was arrested, and then released on bail, on a bribe charge. Ntsime criticised the arrest, stating Singh was at the forefront of arresting crooked police officers and was onto a big syndicate. <a href="/wiki/Hawks_(South_Africa)" title="Hawks (South Africa)">Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation</a> (Hawks) spokesperson, Captain Simphiwe Mhlongo, said that undercover Hawks officers caught Singh red-handed accepting a R5,000 bribe.<sup id="cite_ref-arrestcrook_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arrestcrook-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 December 2020, three law enforcement officers who were employed by the <a href="/wiki/Emalahleni_Local_Municipality,_Mpumalanga" title="Emalahleni Local Municipality, Mpumalanga">Emalahleni Municipality</a> were arrested in Mpumalanga on corruption and bribery charges which involved allegations of not issuing standard fines to motorists who committed traffic violations, but instead extorting them for bribes.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, two criminal charges were lodged by the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Police_Investigative_Directorate" title="Independent Police Investigative Directorate">Independent Police Investigative Directorate</a> against the National Police Commissioner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khehla_Sitole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khehla Sitole (page does not exist)">Khehla Sitole</a> for refusing to cooperate with its investigation into the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Charl_Kinnear" title="Murder of Charl Kinnear">murder of Charl Kinnear</a>. Kinnear was a police intelligence officer investigating organised crime within the SAPS.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_former_National_Commissioners">List of former National Commissioners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: List of former National Commissioners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable none" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; border-bottom: 5px solid #CF9C65; border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;"> <caption>National Commissioners </caption> <tbody><tr style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;"> <td style="width: 20%; text-align: center; background: lightgrey;"><b>From</b> </td> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: center; background: lightgrey;"><b>Commissioners of the South African Police</b> </td> <td style="width: 20%; text-align: center; background: lightgrey;"><b>To</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1913<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1913</span>)</span> </td> <td>Colonel Sir <a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Gustaff_Truter" title="Theodorus Gustaff Truter">Theodorus Gustaff Truter</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George">CMG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">KBE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Police_Medal" title="King's Police Medal">KPM</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1918Honours_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1918Honours-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LonGaz82_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LonGaz82-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1928 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1928 </td> <td>Major General <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Pierre_de_Villiers" title="Isaac Pierre de Villiers">Isaac Pierre de Villiers</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of the Bath">CB</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">MC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Justice_of_the_Order_of_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of Justice of the Order of St John">KStJ</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nongquaiv7n8_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nongquaiv7n8-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup> </td> <td>1940 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1940 </td> <td>Brigadier George Robson Carruthers Baston <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Police_Medal" title="King's Police Medal">KPM</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1945<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1 August 1945 </td> <td>Major General Robert John Palmer <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Royal Victorian Order">CVO</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Police_Medal" title="King's Police Medal">KPM</a></span></span> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order_and_two_Bars" class="mw-redirect" title="Distinguished Service Order and two Bars">DSO & two bars</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LonGaz997_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LonGaz997-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LonGaz2919_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LonGaz2919-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LonGaz4267_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LonGaz4267-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LonGaz2072_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LonGaz2072-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1951 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1951 </td> <td>Major General Jan-Kamas Brink </td> <td>1954 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1954 </td> <td>Major General Corrie I. Rademeyer </td> <td>1960 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1960 </td> <td>Lieutenant General Hendrik Jacobus du Plooy <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Royal Victorian Order">MVO</a></span></span> </td> <td>1962 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1962 </td> <td>Lieutenant General Johannes Martinus Keevy </td> <td>1968 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1968 </td> <td>General Johannes Petrus Gous </td> <td>1971 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1971 </td> <td>General G. J. Joubert <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Star_for_Distinguished_Service" title="South African Police Star for Distinguished Service">SOO</a></span></span> </td> <td>1973 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1973 </td> <td>General Theodorus J. Crous </td> <td>1975 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1975 </td> <td>General Gert L. Prinsloo </td> <td>1978 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1978 </td> <td>General Michiel Christian Wilhelm Geldenhuys <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Star_for_Distinguished_Leadership" title="South African Police Star for Distinguished Leadership">SED</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Star_for_Distinguished_Service" title="South African Police Star for Distinguished Service">SOO</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Star_for_Outstanding_Service" title="South African Police Star for Outstanding Service">SOE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Decoration" title="Southern Cross Decoration">SD</a></span></span> </td> <td>1983 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1 June 1983 </td> <td>General <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Johann_Coetzee" title="Petrus Johann Coetzee">Petrus Johann Coetzee</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Star_of_South_Africa_(Decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star of South Africa (Decoration)">SSA</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Star_for_Distinguished_Leadership" title="South African Police Star for Distinguished Leadership">SED</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Star_for_Distinguished_Service" title="South African Police Star for Distinguished Service">SOO</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Star_for_Outstanding_Service" title="South African Police Star for Outstanding Service">SOE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Decoration" title="Southern Cross Decoration">SD</a></span></span> </td> <td>1987 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1987 </td> <td>General Hennie G. de Witt </td> <td>1989 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1990 </td> <td>General <a href="/wiki/Johan_Velde_van_der_Merwe" title="Johan Velde van der Merwe">Johan Velde van der Merwe</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Star_of_South_Africa,_Silver" title="Star of South Africa, Silver">SSAS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Star_for_Outstanding_Service" title="South African Police Star for Outstanding Service">SOE</a></span></span> </td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;"> <td style="width: 20%; text-align: center; background: lightgrey;"><b>From</b> </td> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: center; background: lightgrey;"><b>Commissioners of the South African Police Service</b> </td> <td style="width: 20%; text-align: center; background: lightgrey;"><b>To</b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>29 January 1995 </td> <td>General <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_George_Fivaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John George Fivaz (page does not exist)">John George Fivaz</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Star_of_South_Africa,_Gold" title="Star of South Africa, Gold">SSA</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Star_for_Outstanding_Service" title="South African Police Star for Outstanding Service">SOE</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </td> <td>31 December 1999 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1 January 2000 </td> <td>General <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Selebi" title="Jackie Selebi">J. "Jackie" S. Selebi</a> </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>July 2009 </td> <td>General <a href="/wiki/Bheki_Cele" title="Bheki Cele">Bheki H. Cele</a><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>October 2011 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>2011 </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nhlanhla_Sibusiso_Mkhwanazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nhlanhla Sibusiso Mkhwanazi (page does not exist)">Nhlanhla Sibusiso Mkhwanazi</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>2012 </td> <td>General <a href="/wiki/Riah_Phiyega" title="Riah Phiyega">Mangwashi Victoria Phiyega</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SA_Police_Service_Gold_Medal_for_Outstanding_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SA Police Service Gold Medal for Outstanding Service (page does not exist)">SOEG</a></span></span> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>15 October 2015 </td> <td>Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Khomotso_Phahlane" title="Khomotso Phahlane">Khomotso Phahlane</a><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 June 2017 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>1 June 2017 </td> <td>Lieutenant General Lesetja Mothiba<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>22 November 2017 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>22 November 2017 </td> <td>General <a href="/wiki/Khehla_John_Sitole" title="Khehla John Sitole">Khehla John Sitole</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Star_for_Outstanding_Service" title="South African Police Star for Outstanding Service">SOE</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>31 March 2022 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td>31 March 2022 </td> <td>Lt General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sehlahle_Fannie_Masemola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sehlahle Fannie Masemola (page does not exist)">Sehlahle Fannie Masemola</a><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_honours">Battle honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Battle honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours" title="List of South African Battle Honours">List of South African Battle Honours</a></div> <p>Police units earned battle honours in both world wars and in border wars with <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_World_War">First World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; border-bottom:5px solid #CF9C65; border-top:5px solid #CF9C65; width:50%;"> <caption>Battle Honours </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%; background:lightgrey; text-align:center;">First World War </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#South_West_Africa_1914–1915" title="South West Africa 1914–1915"><img alt="South West Africa 1914–1915" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png/430px-South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="430" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png/644px-South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png/859px-South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="10795" data-file-height="503" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#South_West_Africa_1914–1915" title="South West Africa 1914–1915"><img alt="South West Africa 1914–1915" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png/430px-South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="430" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png/644px-South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png/859px-South_West_Africa_1914-1915_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="10795" data-file-height="503" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#German_East_Africa_1916-18" title="German East Africa 1916-18"><img alt="German East Africa 1916-18" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/German_East_Africa_1916-1918_Embroidered.png/450px-German_East_Africa_1916-1918_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/German_East_Africa_1916-1918_Embroidered.png/674px-German_East_Africa_1916-1918_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/German_East_Africa_1916-1918_Embroidered.png/899px-German_East_Africa_1916-1918_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="11296" data-file-height="503" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; border-bottom:5px solid #CF9C65; border-top:5px solid #CF9C65; width:50%;"> <caption>Battle Honours </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%; background:lightgrey; text-align:center;">Second World War </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#Western_Desert_1941-43" title="Western Desert 1941-43"><img alt="Western Desert 1941-43" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Western_Desert_1941-43_Embroidered.png/361px-Western_Desert_1941-43_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="361" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Western_Desert_1941-43_Embroidered.png/541px-Western_Desert_1941-43_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Western_Desert_1941-43_Embroidered.png/721px-Western_Desert_1941-43_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="9094" data-file-height="505" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#Gazala" title="Gazala"><img alt="Gazala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gazala_Embroidered.png/110px-Gazala_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gazala_Embroidered.png/165px-Gazala_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gazala_Embroidered.png/220px-Gazala_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="2716" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#Bardia" title="Bardia"><img alt="Bardia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bardia_Embroidered.png/112px-Bardia_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="112" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bardia_Embroidered.png/167px-Bardia_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bardia_Embroidered.png/223px-Bardia_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="2702" data-file-height="486" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#Point_204" title="Point 204"><img alt="Point 204" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Point_204_Embroidered.png/146px-Point_204_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="146" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Point_204_Embroidered.png/218px-Point_204_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Point_204_Embroidered.png/291px-Point_204_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="3611" data-file-height="498" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#Sollum" title="Sollum"><img alt="Sollum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sollum_Embroidered.png/124px-Sollum_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sollum_Embroidered.png/186px-Sollum_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sollum_Embroidered.png/247px-Sollum_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="7833" data-file-height="1269" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#Halfaya" title="Halfaya"><img alt="Halfaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Halfaya_Embroidered.png/138px-Halfaya_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="138" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Halfaya_Embroidered.png/207px-Halfaya_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Halfaya_Embroidered.png/276px-Halfaya_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="3262" data-file-height="474" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#Commonwealth_Keep" title="Commonwealth Keep"><img alt="Commonwealth Keep" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Commonwealth_Keep_Embroidered.png/321px-Commonwealth_Keep_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="321" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Commonwealth_Keep_Embroidered.png/481px-Commonwealth_Keep_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Commonwealth_Keep_Embroidered.png/641px-Commonwealth_Keep_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="7941" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#Tobruk" title="Tobruk"><img alt="Tobruk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tobruk_Embroidered.png/115px-Tobruk_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tobruk_Embroidered.png/172px-Tobruk_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tobruk_Embroidered.png/230px-Tobruk_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="2855" data-file-height="498" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; border-bottom:5px solid #CF9C65; border-top:5px solid #CF9C65; width:50%;"> <caption>Battle Honours </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%; background:lightgrey; text-align:center;">Others Awarded </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Battle_Honours#Rhodesia_1967-75" title="Rhodesia 1967-75"><img alt="Rhodesia 1967-75" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Rhodesia_1967-75_Embroidered.png/258px-Rhodesia_1967-75_Embroidered.png" decoding="async" width="258" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Rhodesia_1967-75_Embroidered.png/386px-Rhodesia_1967-75_Embroidered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Rhodesia_1967-75_Embroidered.png/515px-Rhodesia_1967-75_Embroidered.png 2x" data-file-width="6469" data-file-height="503" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brig George CR Baston was acting Commissioner of the South African Police Force (1940 - 1945) whilst Maj Gen IP de Villiers served in the Union Defence Force</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Palmer was awarded the DSO and two bars, that is three awards of the DSO<sup id="cite_ref-LonGaz997_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LonGaz997-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LonGaz2072_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LonGaz2072-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LonGaz4267_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LonGaz4267-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the American Bronze Star.<sup id="cite_ref-LonGaz2919_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LonGaz2919-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Subsequently <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Police_(South_Africa)" title="Minister of Police (South Africa)">Minister of Police</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acting</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acting</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Term ended by mutual agreement between him and the <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">president</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saps.gov.za/">"SAPS Profile"</a>. South African Police Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SAPS+Profile&rft.pub=South+African+Police+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saps.gov.za%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920">"South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 | Government Communication and Information System (GCIS)"</a>. <i>www.gcis.gov.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"SAPS Head Office Wachthuis Building 231 Pretorius Street Pretoria[...] GPS Coordinates: S25.74790 E28.18901"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902040609/http://www.saps.gov.za/org_profiles/vision_mission.htm">"SAPS: PROFILE – Vision and Mission"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saps.gov.za/org_profiles/vision_mission.htm">the original</a> on 2 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News24&rft.atitle=Public+hearings+to+be+held+over+police+shortages+in+Western+Cape&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2FSouthAfrica%2FNews%2Fpublic-hearings-to-be-held-over-police-shortages-in-western-cape-20160919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnoetze2014" class="citation web cs1">Knoetze, Daneel (26 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.groundup.org.za/article/highest-crime-areas-have-fewest-cops-khayelitsha-commission_2167/">"Highest crime areas have fewest cops - Khayelitsha commission"</a>. Ground Up<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highest+crime+areas+have+fewest+cops+-+Khayelitsha+commission&rft.pub=Ground+Up&rft.date=2014-08-26&rft.aulast=Knoetze&rft.aufirst=Daneel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.groundup.org.za%2Farticle%2Fhighest-crime-areas-have-fewest-cops-khayelitsha-commission_2167%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/amnesty-red-flag-police-brutality-1.1068706">Amnesty red flag police brutality</a>, Craig Dodds, 13 May 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/south-africa/report-2011">Amnesty International South Africa Report 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abahlali.org/node/991">See for instance this statement by Abahlali baseMjondolo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abahlali.org/node/3721">"Housing and Evictions at the N2 Gateway Project in Delft"</a>. Abahlali baseMjondolo. 8 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Housing+and+Evictions+at+the+N2+Gateway+Project+in+Delft&rft.pub=Abahlali+baseMjondolo&rft.date=2008-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abahlali.org%2Fnode%2F3721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antieviction.org.za/2008/02/19/video-of-delft-shootings-on-etv/">"Video of Delft shootings on eTV"</a>. YouTube. 19 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video+of+Delft+shootings+on+eTV&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2008-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantieviction.org.za%2F2008%2F02%2F19%2Fvideo-of-delft-shootings-on-etv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antieviction.org.za/2008/02/22/pictures-of-delft-evictions-and-police-brutality/">"Pictures of Delft evictions and police brutality"</a>. Anti-Eviction Campaign. 22 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pictures+of+Delft+evictions+and+police+brutality&rft.pub=Anti-Eviction+Campaign&rft.date=2008-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantieviction.org.za%2F2008%2F02%2F22%2Fpictures-of-delft-evictions-and-police-brutality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-03-saps-the-strong-arm-of-force">"Police training: Brutality exposed"</a>. <i>Mail and Guardian</i>. 3 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mail+and+Guardian&rft.atitle=Police+training%3A+Brutality+exposed&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmg.co.za%2Farticle%2F2011-06-03-saps-the-strong-arm-of-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/04/30/predator-police-in-reign-of-terror">'Predator police' in reign of terror</a> GRAEME HOSKEN, <i>The Times</i>, 30 April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mahala.co.za/culture/the-new-toyi-toyi/">The New Toyi Toyi</a>, Brandon Edmonds, <i>Mahala</i>, 12 May 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012021959/http://www.fxi.org.za/content/view/49/51/">See, for instance, a report on illegal police repression in South Africa by the Freedom of Expression Institute</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libcom.org/library/unfreedom-day-2009">"UnFreedom Day 2009"</a>. Libcom.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UnFreedom+Day+2009&rft.pub=Libcom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Flibrary%2Funfreedom-day-2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/News/1059/94212f4a70a54a77a811b7fb94c15069/28-09-2009-10-36/Dbn_attackers_associated_with_ANC">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Attackers associated with ANC'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. News24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Attackers+associated+with+ANC%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2FContent%2FSouthAfrica%2FNews%2F1059%2F94212f4a70a54a77a811b7fb94c15069%2F28-09-2009-10-36%2FDbn_attackers_associated_with_ANC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abahlali.org/node/5771">"The Attacks Continue in the Presence of the Police and Senior ANC Leaders"</a>. Abahlali baseMjondolo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Attacks+Continue+in+the+Presence+of+the+Police+and+Senior+ANC+Leaders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabahlali.org%2Fnode%2F5771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131018040141/http://antieviction.org.za/2009/09/28/joint-statement-on-the-attacks-on-the-kennedy-road-informal-settlement-in-durban/">"Joint Statement on the attacks on the Kennedy Road Informal Settlement in Durban"</a>. Professor John Dugard SC, et al. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antieviction.org.za/2009/09/28/joint-statement-on-the-attacks-on-the-kennedy-road-informal-settlement-in-durban/">the original</a> on 18 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Joint+Statement+on+the+attacks+on+the+Kennedy+Road+Informal+Settlement+in+Durban&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantieviction.org.za%2F2009%2F09%2F28%2Fjoint-statement-on-the-attacks-on-the-kennedy-road-informal-settlement-in-durban%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2010" class="citation news cs1">Smith, David (1 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/01/south-africa-world-cup-blikkiesdorp/">"Life in 'Tin Can Town' for the South Africans evicted ahead of World Cup"</a>. London: The Guardian Newspaper.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Life+in+%27Tin+Can+Town%27+for+the+South+Africans+evicted+ahead+of+World+Cup&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fapr%2F01%2Fsouth-africa-world-cup-blikkiesdorp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100405215952/http://antieviction.org.za/2009/10/20/media-somalis-harassed-and-threatened-but-too-broke-to-leave/">"Somalis harassed and threatened, but too broke to leave"</a>. Anti-Eviction Campaign. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antieviction.org.za/2009/10/20/media-somalis-harassed-and-threatened-but-too-broke-to-leave/">the original</a> on 5 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Somalis+harassed+and+threatened%2C+but+too+broke+to+leave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantieviction.org.za%2F2009%2F10%2F20%2Fmedia-somalis-harassed-and-threatened-but-too-broke-to-leave%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091124193537/http://antieviction.org.za/2009/01/18/photos-blikkiesdorp-the-symphony-way-tra/">"Photos: 'Blikkiesdorp', the Symphony Way TRA 18 01 2009"</a>. Anti-Eviction Campaign. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antieviction.org.za/2009/01/18/photos-blikkiesdorp-the-symphony-way-tra/">the original</a> on 24 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Photos%3A+%27Blikkiesdorp%27%2C+the+Symphony+Way+TRA+18+01+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantieviction.org.za%2F2009%2F01%2F18%2Fphotos-blikkiesdorp-the-symphony-way-tra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/south-africa/120509/south-africa-crime-corruption-police-officers-law,">Global Post, South Africa troubled by corrupt cops, 10 May 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeslive.co.za/opinion/editorials/2012/04/30/if-the-police-are-no-better-than-thugs-who-will-save-us">If the police are no better than thugs, who will save us?</a>, Editorial, <i>The Times</i>, 30 April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21625395">"President Zuma of South Africa shocked over 'police dragging'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 1 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Zuma+of+South+Africa+shocked+over+%27police+dragging%27&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-21625395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilton_Nkosi2013" class="citation web cs1">Milton Nkosi (1 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21627554">"South Africa: Eight police arrested over drag death"</a>. BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Africa%3A+Eight+police+arrested+over+drag+death&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.au=Milton+Nkosi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-21627554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19388584">"South Africa's ANC to discuss mine shootings row"</a>. BBC News. 27 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=South+Africa%27s+ANC+to+discuss+mine+shootings+row&rft.date=2012-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-19388584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/9501910/Striking-South-African-miners-were-shot-in-the-back.html">Striking South African miners 'were shot in the back'</a>, <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>, 27 August 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana">The murder fields of Marikana: the cold murder fields of Marikana</a>, by Greg Marinovich, <i>The Daily Maverick</i>, 8 September 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-lonmin-caused-problem-at-marikana-say-police/">"NUM: Lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mail_%26_Guardian" title="Mail & Guardian">Mail & Guardian</a>. 22 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NUM%3A+Lethal+force+ahead+of+Marikana+shootings+was+justified&rft.pub=Mail+%26+Guardian&rft.date=2012-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmg.co.za%2Farticle%2F2012-10-22-lonmin-caused-problem-at-marikana-say-police%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2012-10-12-marikana-prequel-num-and-the-murders-that-started-it-all/">"Marikana prequel: NUM and the murders that started it all"</a>. Daily Maverick. 12 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Three+law+enforcement+officers+arrested+for+bribery+and+corruption&rft.date=2020-12-28&rft.aulast=Chothia&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesouthafrican.com%2Fnews%2Fthree-law-enforcement-officers-arrested-for-bribery-and-corruption%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThamm2022" class="citation web cs1">Thamm, Marianne (30 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-01-30-game-on-ipid-lays-second-criminal-charge-against-national-police-commissioner-sitole/">"SAPS in Crisis: Game on: Ipid lays second criminal charge against National Police Commissioner Sitole"</a>. <i>Daily Maverick</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Maverick&rft.atitle=SAPS+in+Crisis%3A+Game+on%3A+Ipid+lays+second+criminal+charge+against+National+Police+Commissioner+Sitole&rft.date=2022-01-30&rft.aulast=Thamm&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymaverick.co.za%2Farticle%2F2022-01-30-game-on-ipid-lays-second-criminal-charge-against-national-police-commissioner-sitole%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1918Honours-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1918Honours_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/1918_New_Year_Honours#Companion_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George_(CMG)" title="1918 New Year Honours">1918 New Year Honours#Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LonGaz82-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LonGaz82_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette30451" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30451/supplement/82">"No. 30451"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 28 December 1917. p. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+30451&rft.pages=82&rft.date=1917-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F30451%2Fsupplement%2F82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span> Note: Chancery of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Downing Street, 1st January, 1918.: To be Ordinary Members of the Third Class, or Companions, of the said Most Distinguished Order</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unithistories.com/officers/South_African_Army_officers.html">"South African Army Officers 1939-1945"</a>. <i>World War II unit histories</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+War+II+unit+histories&rft.atitle=South+African+Army+Officers+1939-1945&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unithistories.com%2Fofficers%2FSouth_African_Army_officers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nongquaiv7n8-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nongquaiv7n8_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeymans2016" class="citation journal cs1">Heymans, Hennie (May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/hennieheymans/docs/00_vol_7_no_8_-_fighting_police">"The Fighting Police of South Africa"</a>. <i>Nongqai</i>. <b>7</b> (8). Pretoria: 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2022</span> – via issuu.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nongqai&rft.atitle=The+Fighting+Police+of+South+Africa&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2016-05&rft.aulast=Heymans&rft.aufirst=Hennie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fhennieheymans%2Fdocs%2F00_vol_7_no_8_-_fighting_police&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onderscheidingen.nl/decorandi/wo2/zafr.html">"Dutch awards to South African nationals for World War II"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dutch+awards+to+South+African+nationals+for+World+War+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onderscheidingen.nl%2Fdecorandi%2Fwo2%2Fzafr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.samirror.com/brig-gcr-baston.html">"Brigadier GRC Baston"</a>. <i>South African Mirror</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+African+Mirror&rft.atitle=Brigadier+GRC+Baston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.samirror.com%2Fbrig-gcr-baston.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.samirror.com/maj-gen-rj-palmer.html">"Maj General Robert "Bobbie" Palmer"</a>. <i>South African Mirror</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+African+Mirror&rft.atitle=Maj+General+Robert+%22Bobbie%22+Palmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.samirror.com%2Fmaj-gen-rj-palmer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LonGaz997-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LonGaz997_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LonGaz997_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette35473" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35473/supplement/997">"No. 35473"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 27 February 1942. p. 997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+35473&rft.pages=997&rft.date=1942-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F35473%2Fsupplement%2F997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span> Note: Award of the first DSO</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LonGaz2919-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LonGaz2919_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LonGaz2919_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette38288" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38288/supplement/2919">"No. 38288"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 11 May 1948. p. 2919.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+38288&rft.pages=2919&rft.date=1948-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F38288%2Fsupplement%2F2919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span> Note: Award of the Bronze Star while a Brigadier</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LonGaz4267-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LonGaz4267_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LonGaz4267_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette37235" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37235/supplement/2919">"No. 37235"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 21 August 1945. p. 2919.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+37235&rft.pages=2919&rft.date=1945-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F37235%2Fsupplement%2F2919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span> Note: Award of the Second Bar to the Distinguished Service Order. (Third Award of the DSO)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LonGaz2072-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LonGaz2072_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LonGaz2072_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette37039" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37039/supplement/2072">"No. 37039"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 17 April 1945. p. 2072.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+37039&rft.pages=2072&rft.date=1945-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F37039%2Fsupplement%2F2072&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span> Note: Award of the First Bar to the Distinguished Service Order. (Second award of the DSO)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouterman" class="citation web cs1">Houterman, Hans. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unithistories.com/officers/bio/south%20african/Palmer_RJ_bio.pdf">"Palmer, Robert John Biography"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>World War II unit histories</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+War+II+unit+histories&rft.atitle=Palmer%2C+Robert+John+Biography&rft.aulast=Houterman&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unithistories.com%2Fofficers%2Fbio%2Fsouth%2520african%2FPalmer_RJ_bio.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouth_African_Government" class="citation web cs1">South African Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/about-government/1999-national-orders-awards">"1999 National Orders awards"</a>. <i>www.gov.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.za&rft.atitle=1999+National+Orders+awards&rft.au=South+African+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fabout-government%2F1999-national-orders-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeymans2018" class="citation journal cs1">Heymans, Hennie Brig (Rtd) (21 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/hennieheymans/docs/nongqai_vol_9_no_6">"Nongqai"</a>. <i>issuu.com</i>. <b>9</b> (6): 17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span> – via Issuu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=issuu.com&rft.atitle=Nongqai&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=17&rft.date=2018-05-21&rft.aulast=Heymans&rft.aufirst=Hennie+Brig+%28Rtd%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fhennieheymans%2Fdocs%2Fnongqai_vol_9_no_6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouth_African_Government" class="citation web cs1">South African Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/bheki-cele-gen">"Bheki Cele, Gen"</a>. <i>www.gov.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.za&rft.atitle=Bheki+Cele%2C+Gen&rft.au=South+African+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fabout-government%2Fcontact-directory%2Fbheki-cele-gen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMbatha2011" class="citation web cs1">Mbatha, Major General: Nonkululeko (25 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/maj-gen-lucky-mkhwanazi-the-saps-cv">"Maj. Gen. Lucky Mkhwanazi: The SAPS CV - POLITICS"</a>. <i>Politicsweb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politicsweb&rft.atitle=Maj.+Gen.+Lucky+Mkhwanazi%3A+The+SAPS+CV+-+POLITICS&rft.date=2011-10-25&rft.aulast=Mbatha&rft.aufirst=Major+General%3A+Nonkululeko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicsweb.co.za%2Fpolitics%2Fmaj-gen-lucky-mkhwanazi-the-saps-cv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saps.gov.za/about/cv_of_general_kj_sitole.pdf">"Curriculum Vitae of General KJ Sitole"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>SAPS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SAPS&rft.atitle=Curriculum+Vitae+of+General+KJ+Sitole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saps.gov.za%2Fabout%2Fcv_of_general_kj_sitole.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouth_African_Government" class="citation web cs1">South African Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/saps-nat-comm">"Sehlahle Fannie Masemola, Lt Gen"</a>. <i>www.gov.za</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.za&rft.atitle=Sehlahle+Fannie+Masemola%2C+Lt+Gen&rft.au=South+African+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.za%2Fabout-government%2Fcontact-directory%2Fsaps-nat-comm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+African+Police+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_Panic_(South_Africa)#SAPS_Occult_Related_Crimes_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Satanic Panic (South Africa)">South African Police Service Occult-related Crimes Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawks_(South_Africa)" title="Hawks (South Africa)">Hawks ( Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation / SAPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Service_Special_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Police Service Special Task Force">South African Police Service Special Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression_in_post-apartheid_South_Africa" title="Political repression in post-apartheid South Africa">Political repression in post-apartheid South Africa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Police_Service&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_the_Government_of_South_Africa" title="Departments of the Government of South Africa">Departments of the Government of South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">The Presidency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture,_Land_Reform_and_Rural_Development" title="Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development">Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Basic_Education" title="Department of Basic Education">Basic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Communications_and_Digital_Technologies" title="Department of Communications and Digital Technologies">Communications and Digital Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Cooperative_Governance" title="Department of Cooperative Governance">Cooperative Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Correctional_Services_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Correctional Services (South Africa)">Correctional Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defence_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Defence (South Africa)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Economic_Development_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Economic Development (South Africa)">Economic Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Employment_and_Labour" title="Department of Employment and Labour">Employment and Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment,_Forestry_and_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries">Environment, Forestry and Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Treasury_(South_Africa)" title="National Treasury (South Africa)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Health (South Africa)">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Higher_Education_and_Training" title="Department of Higher Education and Training">Higher Education and Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Home_Affairs_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Home Affairs (South Africa)">Home Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Human_Settlements" title="Department of Human Settlements">Human Settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_International_Relations_and_Cooperation" title="Department of International Relations and Cooperation">International Relations and Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_and_Constitutional_Development" title="Department of Justice and Constitutional Development">Justice and Constitutional Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Veterans" title="Department of Military Veterans">Military Veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Mineral_Resources_and_Energy" title="Department of Mineral Resources and Energy">Mineral Resources and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Police_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Police (South Africa)">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Enterprises" title="Department of Public Enterprises">Public Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Service_and_Administration" title="Department of Public Service and Administration">Public Service and Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Infrastructure" title="Department of Public Works and Infrastructure">Public Works and Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Innovation" title="Department of Science and Innovation">Science and Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Small_Business_Development" title="Department of Small Business Development">Small Business Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Development_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Social Development (South Africa)">Social Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Sports,_Arts_and_Culture" title="Department of Sports, Arts and Culture">Sports, Arts and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Security_Agency_(South_Africa)" title="State Security Agency (South Africa)">State Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Tourism_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Tourism (South Africa)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade,_Industry_and_Competition" title="Department of Trade, Industry and Competition">Trade, Industry and Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Traditional_Affairs" title="Department of Traditional Affairs">Traditional Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transport_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Transport (South Africa)">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Water_and_Sanitation" title="Department of Water and Sanitation">Water and Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Women,_Youth_and_Persons_with_Disabilities" title="Department of Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities">Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies with<br />department status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_Communication_and_Information_System" title="Government Communication and Information System">Government Communication and Information System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Police_Investigative_Directorate" title="Independent Police Investigative Directorate">Independent Police Investigative Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_School_of_Government_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National School of Government (South Africa) (page does not exist)">National School of Government</a></li> <li>Office of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_South_Africa" title="Chief Justice of South Africa">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Service_Commission_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Service Commission (South Africa) (page does not exist)">Public Service Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_South_Africa" title="Statistics South 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href="/wiki/Crime_Intelligence_Division_(SAPS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime Intelligence Division (SAPS)">Crime Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawks_(South_Africa)" title="Hawks (South Africa)">Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intervention_Unit" title="National Intervention Unit">National Intervention Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Forensic_DNA_Database_of_South_Africa" title="National Forensic DNA Database of South Africa">NFDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Task_Force_(SAPS)" title="Special Task Force (SAPS)">Special Task Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Police_(South_Africa)" title="Municipal Police (South Africa)">Municipal Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Police_Investigative_Directorate" title="Independent Police Investigative Directorate">Independent Police Investigative Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of South Africa"><img alt="Flag of South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/50px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/75px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/100px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of South Africa</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Correctional_Services_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Correctional Services (South Africa)">Department of Correctional Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_South_Africa" title="Prisons in South Africa">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_South_Africa" title="Life imprisonment in South Africa">Life imprisonment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_South_Africa" title="Crime in South Africa">Crime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_South_Africa" title="Sexual violence in South Africa">Sexual violence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_South_Africa" title="Xenophobia in South Africa">Xenophobic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_farm_attacks" title="South African farm attacks">Farm attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_wars_in_South_Africa" title="Taxi wars in South Africa">Taxi wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_South_Africa" title="Terrorism in South Africa">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_South_Africa" title="Corruption in South Africa">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_South_Africa" title="Human trafficking in South Africa">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_in_South_Africa" title="Kidnapping in South Africa">Kidnapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissions of Inquiry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marikana_miners%27_strike#Official_inquiry" class="mw-redirect" title="Marikana miners' strike"> Farlam Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayelitsha_Commission" title="Khayelitsha Commission">Khayelitsha Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_Allegations_of_State_Capture" class="mw-redirect" title="The Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture"> Zondo Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_South_Africa" title="Law of South Africa">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_security_industry_in_South_Africa" title="Private security industry in South Africa">Private security industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun politics in South Africa">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biometrics_use_by_the_South_African_government" title="Biometrics use by the South African government">Biometrics use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(South_Africa)" title="Scorpions (South Africa)">Scorpions (The Directorate of Special Operations)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Protector" title="Public Protector">Public Protector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_Africa_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Africa_topics" title="Template:South Africa topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_Africa_topics" title="Template talk:South Africa topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_Africa_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South Africa topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_Africa_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_South_Africa" title="Outline of South Africa">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa" title="History of South Africa">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_South_Africa" title="Timeline of South Africa">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_South_Africa" title="List of years in South Africa">Years</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_South_Africa" title="Early history of South Africa">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe" title="Kingdom of Mapungubwe">Kingdom of Mapungubwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mutapa" title="Kingdom of Mutapa">Kingdom of Mutapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaditshwene" title="Kaditshwene">Kaditshwene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Dutch Cape Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mthethwa_Paramountcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mthethwa Paramountcy">Mthethwa Paramountcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Colony" title="Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_Kingdom" title="Zulu Kingdom">Zulu Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Free_State" title="Orange Free State">Orange Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Transvaal Republic">Transvaal Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Boer_War" title="First Boer War">First Boer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_South_Africa" title="Great Depression in South Africa">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_(1994%E2%80%93present)" title="History of South Africa (1994–present)">Democratic South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_South_Africa" title="Economic history of South Africa">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa" title="Military history of South Africa">Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Africa" title="Geography of South Africa">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_South_Africa" title="Biodiversity of South Africa">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_South_Africa" title="Climate of South Africa">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_South_Africa" title="Climate change in South Africa">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_South_Africa" title="Districts of South Africa">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_South_Africa" title="List of earthquakes in South Africa">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estuaries_of_South_Africa" title="List of estuaries of South Africa">Estuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_of_South_Africa" title="List of forests of South Africa">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_South_Africa" title="List of islands of South Africa">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_South_Africa" title="List of lakes of South Africa">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_South_Africa" title="List of mountain ranges of South Africa">Mountain ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of South African municipalities">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of South Africa">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_South_Africa" title="List of populated places in South Africa">Populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa" title="Provinces of South Africa">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_South_Africa" title="List of rivers of South Africa">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_South_Africa" title="Wildlife of South Africa">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Africa" title="Politics of South Africa">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa" title="Constitution of South Africa">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_South_Africa" title="Courts of South Africa">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_South_Africa" title="Corruption in South Africa">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Africa" title="Elections in South Africa">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Africa" title="Foreign relations of South Africa">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Africa" title="Government of South Africa">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Africa" title="Human rights in South Africa">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_South_Africa" title="Law of South Africa">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_South_Africa" title="Law enforcement in South Africa">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Defence_Force" title="South African National Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Africa" title="List of political parties in South Africa">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lifespan_timeline_of_presidents_of_South_Africa" title="Lifespan timeline of presidents of South Africa">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Security_Agency_(South_Africa)" title="State Security Agency (South Africa)">State security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Africa" title="Economy of South Africa">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_South_Africa" title="Agriculture in South Africa">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_South_Africa" title="Banking in South Africa">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_South_Africa" title="List of companies of South Africa">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Africa" title="Telecommunications in South Africa">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_South_Africa" title="Economic history of South Africa">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_South_Africa" title="Energy in South Africa">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_South_Africa" title="Foreign trade of South Africa">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Income inequality in South Africa">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_South_Africa" title="Mining industry of South Africa">Mining industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">Rand <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_South_Africa" title="State-owned enterprises of South Africa">State-owned enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSE_Limited" title="JSE Limited">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_South_Africa" title="Taxation in South Africa">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Africa" title="Tourism in South Africa">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_South_Africa" title="Trade unions in South Africa">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_South_Africa" title="Transport in South Africa">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_South_Africa" title="Water supply and sanitation in South Africa">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_South_Africa" title="Wealth inequality in South Africa">Wealth inequality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Society of South Africa">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_South_Africa" title="Cannabis in South Africa">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_South_Africa" title="Crime in South Africa">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_South_Africa" title="Disability in South Africa">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Africa" title="Education in South Africa">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Africa" title="Feminism in South Africa">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_South_Africa" title="Health in South Africa">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_South_Africa" title="Healthcare in South Africa">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_South_Africa" title="Immigration to South Africa">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_South_Africa" title="Intersex rights in South Africa">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_invasion_in_South_Africa" title="Land invasion in South Africa">Land invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Africa" title="Languages of South Africa">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_South_Africa" title="LGBT rights in South Africa">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of South African provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty in South Africa">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_South_Africa" title="Racism in South Africa">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_South_Africa" title="Sexual violence in South Africa">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_South_Africa" title="Slum clearance in South Africa">Slum clearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_South_Africa" title="Smoking in South Africa">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues in South Africa">Social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_movements_in_South_Africa" title="List of social movements in South Africa">Social movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_South_Africa" title="Women in South Africa">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_South_Africa" title="Xenophobia in South Africa">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Africa" title="Culture of South Africa">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of South Africa">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_art" title="South African art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Africa" title="Cinema of South Africa">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_cuisine" title="South African cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_African_wine" title="South African wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_South_Africa" title="HIV/AIDS in South Africa">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_South_Africa" title="Homelessness in South Africa">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_literature" title="South African literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in South Africa">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_South_Africa" title="Music of South Africa">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_South_Africa" title="National symbols of South Africa">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_South_Africa" title="Public holidays in South Africa">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_South_Africa" title="Sport in South Africa">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_South_Africa" title="List of World Heritage Sites in South Africa">World Heritage Sites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heritage_sites_in_South_Africa" title="List of heritage sites in South Africa">heritage sites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Africa" title="Demographics of South Africa">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu peoples in South Africa">South African Bantu-speaking peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Ndebele_people" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ndebele people">Ndebele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedi_people" title="Pedi people">Pedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_people" title="Sotho people">Sotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_people" title="Tsonga people">Tsonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tswana_people" title="Tswana people">Tswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venda_people" title="Venda people">Venda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_people" title="Xhosa people">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoisan" title="Khoisan">Khoisan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoekhoe" title="Khoekhoe">Khoekhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_people" title="San people">San people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="White South African">Whites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_diaspora_in_Africa" title="British diaspora in Africa">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloureds" title="Coloureds">Coloureds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Coloureds" title="Cape Coloureds">Cape Coloureds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Malays" title="Cape Malays">Cape Malays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griqua_people" title="Griqua people">Griquas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_South_Africans" title="Indian South Africans">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_South_African" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese South African">Chinese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_South_Africa" title="Outline of South Africa">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_South_Africa" title="Outline of South Africa">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:South_Africa" title="Category:South Africa">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Africa" title="Portal:South Africa">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Law_enforcement_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Law_enforcement_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Law enforcement in Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Algeria" title="Law enforcement in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Angola" title="Law enforcement in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Benin" title="Law enforcement in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Law enforcement in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Burundi" title="Law enforcement in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cameroon" title="Law enforcement in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cape_Verde" title="Law enforcement in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Law enforcement in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Chad" title="Law enforcement in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in the Comoros (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Law enforcement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Law enforcement in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Djibouti" title="Law enforcement in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Eritrea" title="Law enforcement in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Eswatini" title="Law enforcement in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Ethiopia" title="Law enforcement in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Gabon" title="Law enforcement in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_the_Gambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in the Gambia (page does not exist)">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Ghana" title="Law enforcement in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Guinea (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Guinea-Bissau (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Ivory_Coast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Ivory Coast (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kenya" title="Law enforcement in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Lesotho (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Libya (page does not exist)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Madagascar" title="Law enforcement in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Malawi (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Mali" title="Law enforcement in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Mauritania" title="Law enforcement in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Niger" title="Law enforcement in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Rwanda" title="Law enforcement in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sierra_Leone" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_South_Africa" title="Law enforcement in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Sudan" title="Law enforcement in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Tanzania" title="Law enforcement in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Togo" title="Law enforcement in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Tunisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Tunisia (page does not exist)">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="Law enforcement in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Madeira" title="Law enforcement in Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extrajudicial_killings_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extrajudicial_killings_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killings_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial killings in Africa">Extrajudicial killings in Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Algeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Algeria (page does not exist)">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Angola (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Benin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Benin (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Botswana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Botswana (page does not exist)">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Burkina_Faso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Burkina Faso (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Burundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Burundi (page does not exist)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Cameroon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Cameroon (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Cape_Verde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Cape Verde (page does not exist)">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_the_Central_African_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in the Central African Republic (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Chad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Chad (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in the Comoros (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in the Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Djibouti (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killings_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial killings in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Eritrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Eritrea (page does not exist)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Eswatini (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killings_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial killings in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Gabon (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_the_Gambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in the Gambia (page does not exist)">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Ghana (page does not exist)">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Guinea (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Guinea-Bissau (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Ivory_Coast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Ivory Coast (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killings_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial killings in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Lesotho (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Liberia (page does not exist)">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Libya (page does not exist)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Madagascar (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Malawi (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Mali (page does not exist)">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Mauritania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Mauritania (page does not exist)">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Mauritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Mauritius (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Morocco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Morocco (page does not exist)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killings_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial killings in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Namibia (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Niger (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killings_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial killings in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Rwanda (page does not exist)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Senegal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Senegal (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Sierra Leone (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Somalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Somalia (page does not exist)">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killings_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial killings in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_South_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in South Sudan (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Sudan (page does not exist)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Tanzania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Tanzania (page does not exist)">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Tunisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Tunisia (page does not exist)">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Uganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Uganda (page does not exist)">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Somaliland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Somaliland (page does not exist)">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Extrajudicial_killings_in_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extrajudicial killings in Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Police_forces_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Police" title="Template:Police"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Police" title="Template talk:Police"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Police" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Police"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Police_forces_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">Police</a> forces by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_police" title="Algerian police">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Police_Service" title="Botswana Police Service">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Burundi" title="Law enforcement in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cape_Verde" title="Law enforcement in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Comoros (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_National_Police" title="Congolese National Police">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_National_Police" title="Egyptian National Police">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Police_Force" title="Eritrean Police Force">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia_Police_Force" title="The Gambia Police Force">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Police_Service" title="Ghana Police Service">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Guinea (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Guinea-Bissau (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Ivory_Coast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Ivory Coast (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Police" title="Kenya Police">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho_Mounted_Police_Service" title="Lesotho Mounted Police Service">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_National_Police" title="Liberian National Police">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Libya (page does not exist)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Madagascar"> Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Police_Service" title="Malawi Police Service">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Mali" title="Law enforcement in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Police_Force" title="Mauritius Police Force">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BBret%C3%A9_Nationale_(Morocco)" title="Sûreté Nationale (Morocco)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Police_Force" title="Namibian Police Force">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Niger" title="National Police of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Police_Force" title="Nigeria Police Force">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda_National_Police" title="Rwanda National Police">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Police" title="Sierra Leone Police">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Police_Force" title="Somali Police Force">Somalia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_Police_Service" title="South Sudan Police Service">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Tanzania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Tanzania (page does not exist)">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Togo" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Tunisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Tunisia (page does not exist)">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_National_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda National Police">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Republic_Police" title="Zimbabwe Republic Police">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Police_Force_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Federal_Police" title="Argentine Federal Police">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahamas_Police_Force" title="Royal Bahamas Police Force">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Barbados_Police_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Barbados Police Force">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Police_Department" title="Belize Police Department">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bolivia" title="Law enforcement in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Brazil" title="Law enforcement in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Canada" title="Law enforcement in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Colombia" title="National Police of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Forces_of_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Forces of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_National_Police" title="Dominican Republic National Police">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Ecuador" title="National Police of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Police_(El_Salvador)" title="National Civil Police (El Salvador)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Greenland" title="Law enforcement in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Grenada_Police_Force" title="Royal Grenada Police Force">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Guatemala" title="Law enforcement in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Guyana (page does not exist)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_National_Police" title="Haitian National Police">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Honduras" title="Law enforcement in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Constabulary_Force" title="Jamaica Constabulary Force">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Mexico)" title="Federal Police (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Nicaragua" title="National Police of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_National_Police" title="Panamanian National Police">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Paraguay" title="Law enforcement in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Peru" title="National Police of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_St_Christopher_and_Nevis_Police_Force" title="Royal St Christopher and Nevis Police Force">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saint_Lucia_Police_Force" title="Royal Saint Lucia Police Force">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Police_Force" title="Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Suriname" title="Law enforcement in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Police_Service" title="Trinidad and Tobago Police Service">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Law enforcement in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Uruguay" title="National Police of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Nacional_Bolivariana" class="mw-redirect" title="Policía Nacional Bolivariana">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia and Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Police" title="Afghan National Police">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Forces" title="Public Security Forces">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Police" title="Bangladesh Police">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bhutan_Police" title="Royal Bhutan Police">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Police_Force" title="Royal Brunei Police Force">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Police_Force" title="Myanmar Police Force">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cambodia" title="Law enforcement in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Police of the People's Republic of China">PR China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Security_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Security Force">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police" title="Indonesian National Police">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Force_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Police" title="Iraqi Police">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeravani" title="Zeravani">Kurdistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Japan)" title="National Police Agency (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Directorate" title="Public Security Directorate">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kazakhstan" title="Law enforcement in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(South_Korea)" title="National Police Agency (South Korea)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Police" title="Kuwait Police">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Law enforcement in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Laos)" title="Ministry of Public Security (Laos)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Forces" title="Internal Security Forces">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysia_Police" title="Royal Malaysia Police">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Mongolia)" title="National Police Agency (Mongolia)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru_Police_Force" title="Nauru Police Force">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Police" title="Nepal Police">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Police" title="New Zealand Police">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oman_Police" title="Royal Oman Police">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Investigation_Agency" title="Federal Investigation Agency">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Security_Services" title="Palestinian Security Services">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_State_Security" title="Qatar State Security">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Police_Force" title="Singapore Police Force">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lanka Police Service">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Syria" title="Law enforcement in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Police" title="Royal Thai Police">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Tajikistan" title="Law enforcement in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu_Police_Force" title="Tuvalu Police Force">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_East_Timor" title="National Police of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Turkmenistan" title="Law enforcement in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Law enforcement in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Uzbekistan" title="Law enforcement in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Security_Forces_(Yemen)" title="Special Security Forces (Yemen)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Police_(Albania)" title="State Police (Albania)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Corps_of_Andorra" title="Police Corps of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Armenia" title="Police of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Austria)" title="Federal Police (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Azerbaijan" title="Law enforcement in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militsiya_(Belarus)" title="Militsiya (Belarus)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Belgium)" title="Federal Police (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Police">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Service_(Bulgaria)" title="National Police Service (Bulgaria)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Police" title="Cyprus Police">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Police of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Denmark" title="Police of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_and_Border_Guard_Board" title="Police and Border Guard Board">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Law enforcement in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Finland" title="Police of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_(France)" title="National Police (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Law enforcement in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Germany)" title="Federal Police (Germany)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Police" title="Hellenic Police">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rend%C5%91rs%C3%A9g" title="Rendőrség">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Police" title="Icelandic Police">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na" title="Garda Síochána">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polizia_di_Stato" title="Polizia di Stato">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Police_(Latvia)" title="State Police (Latvia)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Police_Force" title="Lithuanian Police Force">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Police" title="Grand Ducal Police">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Police_Force" title="Malta Police Force">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Police_Inspectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="General Police Inspectorate">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Police_Department" title="Monaco Police Department">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Corps_(Netherlands)" title="National Police Corps (Netherlands)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_North_Macedonia" title="Police of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Service" title="Norwegian Police Service">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Poland" title="Police of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_P%C3%BAblica" title="Polícia de Segurança Pública">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Police" title="Romanian Police">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Russia" title="Police of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Police_(San_Marino)" title="Civil Police (San Marino)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Slovakia" title="Law enforcement in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_National_Police_Force" title="Slovenian National Police Force">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Spain" title="Law enforcement in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Police_Authority" title="Swedish Police Authority">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_of_Police" title="Federal Office of Police">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)" title="General Directorate of Security (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Ukraine" title="National Police of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories#England_and_Wales" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Service of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Police" title="Royal Gibraltar Police">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">states with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Police" title="Kosovo Police">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_for_Police" title="Directorate General for Police">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Police" title="Somaliland Police">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Taiwan)" title="National Police Agency (Taiwan)">Republic of China (Taiwan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albania (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Albanian_Gendarmerie" title="Royal Albanian Gendarmerie">Royal Albanian Gendarmerie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Public Security (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkspolizei" title="Volkspolizei">East Germany</a></li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_National_Police" title="Integrated National Police">INP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Constabulary" title="Philippine Constabulary">Philippine Constabulary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milicja_Obywatelska" title="Milicja Obywatelska">Polish People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militsiya" title="Militsiya">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam_National_Police" title="Republic of Vietnam National Police"> South Vietnam</a></li> <li>Yugoslavia (<a href="/wiki/Militia_(Yugoslavia)" title="Militia (Yugoslavia)">SFR Yugoslavia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Border_protection_agencies" title="Template:Border protection agencies">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Coast_guards" title="Template:Coast guards">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Customs_services" title="Template:Customs services">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Police" title="Template:Police">Law enforcement agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Template:Types of law enforcement agencies">Types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Template:National intelligence agencies">Intelligence agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Border_protection_agencies_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Border_protection_agencies" title="Template:Border protection agencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Border_protection_agencies" title="Template talk:Border protection agencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Border_protection_agencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Border protection agencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Border_protection_agencies_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">Border protection agencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_border_control_organisations" title="List of border control organisations">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Algeria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_Nationale_(Algeria)" title="Gendarmerie Nationale (Algeria)">GNA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Border_and_Immigration_Police_(Algeria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Border and Immigration Police (Algeria) (page does not exist)">PAF</a></li></ul></li> <li>Angola <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Guard_Police_(Angola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Guard Police (Angola) (page does not exist)">PGFA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Service_of_Migration_and_Foreigners_(Angola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Service of Migration and Foreigners (Angola) (page does not exist)">SME</a></li></ul></li> <li>Benin <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beninese_Agency_for_the_Integrated_Management_of_Border_Areas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beninese Agency for the Integrated Management of Border Areas (page does not exist)">ABeGIEF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Emigration_and_Immigration_(Benin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Emigration and Immigration (Benin) (page does not exist)">DEI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Command_of_Special_Border_Surveillance_Units&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Command of Special Border Surveillance Units (page does not exist)">USSF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Nationality,_Immigration_And_Gender_Affairs_(Botswana)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Nationality, Immigration And Gender Affairs (Botswana) (page does not exist)">Botswana</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Border_Police_(Burkina_Faso)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Border Police (Burkina Faso) (page does not exist)">DPF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_State_Security_(Burkina_Faso)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of State Security (Burkina Faso) (page does not exist)">DSE</a></li></ul></li> <li>Burundi <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Commissioner_for_Migration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Commissioner for Migration (page does not exist)">CGM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air,_Border_and_Aliens_Police_(Burundi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air, Border and Aliens Police (Burundi) (page does not exist)">PAFE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Police_Directorate_(Cameroon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Police Directorate (Cameroon) (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Foreigners_and_Borders_(Cape_Verde)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Foreigners and Borders (Cape Verde) (page does not exist)">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_and_Border_Police_(Central_African_Republic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air and Border Police (Central African Republic) (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li>Chad <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_National_Gendarmerie" title="Chadian National Gendarmerie">GN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_Nomadic_Guard" title="National and Nomadic Guard">GNNT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_Nationale_Tchadienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police Nationale Tchadienne (page does not exist)">PNT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_and_Border_Police_(Comoros)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air and Border Police (Comoros) (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li>Democratic Republic of the Congo <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Migration_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Migration (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">DGM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Police_Directorate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Police Directorate (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">DPF</a></li></ul></li> <li>Republic of the Congo <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_for_Territorial_Surveillance_(Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General for Territorial Surveillance (Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">DGST</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Immigration_and_Emigration_(Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Immigration and Emigration (Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">DIE</a></li></ul></li> <li>Côte d'Ivoire <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Territorial_Surveillance_(Ivory_Coast)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Territorial Surveillance (Ivory Coast) (page does not exist)">DST</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Office_of_Civil_Status_of_Identification_(Ivory_Coast)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Office of Civil Status of Identification (Ivory Coast) (page does not exist)">ONECI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_and_Immigration_Police_(Djibouti)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border and Immigration Police (Djibouti) (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li>Egypt <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Border_Guard_Corps" title="Egyptian Border Guard Corps">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Administration_of_Passports,_Immigration_and_Nationality_(Egypt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Administration of Passports, Immigration and Nationality (Egypt) (page does not exist)">PINA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_National_Security_(Equatorial_Guinea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of National Security (Equatorial Guinea) (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_and_Nationality_(Eritrea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration and Nationality (Eritrea) (page does not exist)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini_Immigration_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eswatini Immigration Department (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Department_for_Immigration_%26_Nationality_Affairs_(Ethiopia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Main Department for Immigration & Nationality Affairs (Ethiopia) (page does not exist)">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_for_Documentation_and_Immigration_(Gabon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General for Documentation and Immigration (Gabon) (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambia_Immigration_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambia Immigration Department (page does not exist)">The Gambia</a></li> <li>Ghana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_Unit" title="Border Guard Unit">BGU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Immigration_Service" title="Ghana Immigration Service">GIS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Directorate_of_the_Border_Police_(Guinea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Directorate of the Border Police (Guinea) (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Command_of_the_National_Guard_(Guinea_Bissau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Command of the National Guard (Guinea Bissau) (page does not exist)">Guinea Bissau</a></li> <li>Kenya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administration_Police#Border_Police_Unit_(BPU)" title="Administration Police">BPU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_Services_(Kenya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration Services (Kenya) (page does not exist)">DIS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_(Lesotho)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration (Lesotho) (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_Immigration_Service" title="Liberia Immigration Service">Liberia</a></li> <li>Libya <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan_Border_Guard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libyan Border Guard (page does not exist)">LBG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passport,_Immigration_and_Foreigners_Affairs_Authority_(Libya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passport, Immigration and Foreigners Affairs Authority (Libya) (page does not exist)">LPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Intelligence_and_Control_of_Immigration_and_Emigration_(Madagascar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Intelligence and Control of Immigration and Emigration (Madagascar) (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Immigration_and_Citizenship_Services_(Malawi)" title="Department of Immigration and Citizenship Services (Malawi)">Malawi</a></li> <li>Mali <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malian_National_Gendarmerie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malian National Gendarmerie (page does not exist)">DGGN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Directorate_of_Borders_(Mali)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Directorate of Borders (Mali) (page does not exist)">DNF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Border_Police_(Mali)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Border Police (Mali) (page does not exist)">DPF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_General_Intelligence_and_Territorial_Surveillance_(Mali)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of General Intelligence and Territorial Surveillance (Mali) (page does not exist)">DRGS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mauritania <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritanian_National_Gendarmerie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauritanian National Gendarmerie (page does not exist)">DGGN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Territorial_Surveillance_(Mauritania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Territorial Surveillance (Mauritania) (page does not exist)">DST</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passport_and_Immigration_Office_(Mauritius)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passport and Immigration Office (Mauritius) (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li>Morocco <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BBret%C3%A9_Nationale_(Morocco)" title="Sûreté Nationale (Morocco)">DGSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_for_Territorial_Surveillance_(Morocco)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Directorate for Territorial Surveillance (Morocco)">DGST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Gendarmerie" title="Royal Moroccan Gendarmerie">GRM</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mozambique <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Police_Branch_(Mozambique)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Police Branch (Mozambique) (page does not exist)">RPF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Migration_Service_(Mozambique)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Migration Service (Mozambique) (page does not exist)">SENAMI</a></li></ul></li> <li>Namibia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_Control_and_Citizenship_(Namibia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration Control and Citizenship (Namibia) (page does not exist)">DICC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibian_Agronomic_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibian Agronomic Board (page does not exist)">NAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Field_Force" title="Special Field Force">SFF</a></li></ul></li> <li>Niger <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Territorial_Surveillance_(Niger)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Territorial Surveillance (Niger) (page does not exist)">DST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_Nationale_(Niger)" title="Gendarmerie Nationale (Niger)">GN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Niger" title="National Guard of Niger">GNN</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nigeria <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_Border_Control_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile Border Control Company (page does not exist)">CMCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Immigration_Service" title="Nigeria Immigration Service">NIS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Immigration_and_Emigration_(Rwanda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration (Rwanda) (page does not exist)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migration_and_Border_Service_(S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Migration and Border Service (São Tomé and Príncipe) (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li>Senegal <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Air_and_Border_Police_(Senegal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Air and Border Police (Senegal) (page does not exist)">DPAF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_the_Police_for_Foreigners_and_Travel_Documents_(Senegal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of the Police for Foreigners and Travel Documents (Senegal) (page does not exist)">DPETV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Territorial_Surveillance_(Senegal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Territorial Surveillance (Senegal) (page does not exist)">DST</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_and_Civil_Status_(Seychelles)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration and Civil Status (Seychelles) (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_Immigration_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Leone Immigration Department (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_and_Naturalization_Directorate_of_Somalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration and Naturalization Directorate of Somalia (page does not exist)">Somalia</a></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Management_Authority_(South_Africa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Management Authority (South Africa) (page does not exist)">BMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Operations_Division" title="Joint Operations Division">JOD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Africa_Immigration_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Africa Immigration Services (page does not exist)">SAIS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Operational_Response_Services">SAPS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Nationality,_Passport_and_Immigration_(South_Sudan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Nationality, Passport and Immigration (South Sudan) (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a></li> <li>Sudan <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Intelligence_Brigade_(Sudan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Intelligence Brigade (Sudan) (page does not exist)">BIB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Administration_of_Borders_(Sudan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Administration of Borders (Sudan) (page does not exist)">GAB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Department_of_Passports_and_Immigration_(Sudan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Department of Passports and Immigration (Sudan) (page does not exist)">GDPI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_Services_Department_(Tanzania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration Services Department (Tanzania) (page does not exist)">Tanzania</a></li> <li>Togo <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_National_Documentation_(Togo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of National Documentation (Togo) (page does not exist)">DGDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_Nationale_Togolaise" title="Gendarmerie Nationale Togolaise">GNT</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tunisia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Borders_and_Foreigners_(Tunisia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Borders and Foreigners (Tunisia) (page does not exist)">DGFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Guard" title="Tunisian National Guard">GNT</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uganda <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Control_(Uganda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Citizenship and Immigration Control (Uganda) (page does not exist)">DCIC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_Force_Unit_(Uganda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Field Force Unit (Uganda) (page does not exist)">FFU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_(Zambia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration (Zambia) (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li>Zimbabwe <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_(Zimbabwe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration (Zimbabwe) (page does not exist)">DIZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Republic_Police#Support_Unit" title="Zimbabwe Republic Police">PSU</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Border_Force" title="Afghan Border Force">Afghanistan</a></li> <li>Armenia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Passport_and_Visa_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenian Passport and Visa Department (page does not exist)">AVV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migration_Service_of_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Migration Service of Armenia (page does not exist)">MS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Border_Guard" title="Armenian Border Guard">NSS SZ</a></li></ul></li> <li>Azerbaijan <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Passport,_Registration_and_Migration_Department_(Azerbaijan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Main Passport, Registration and Migration Department (Azerbaijan) (page does not exist)">BPQMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Migration_Service_(Azerbaijan)" title="State Migration Service (Azerbaijan)">DMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Service_(Azerbaijan)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Border Service (Azerbaijan)">DSX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Nationality,_Passports_%26_Residences_Affairs_(Bahrain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Nationality, Passports & Residences Affairs (Bahrain) (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li>Bangladesh <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guards_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Guards Bangladesh">BGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Immigration_%26_Passports" title="Department of Immigration & Passports">DIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_(Bangladesh)" title="Special Branch (Bangladesh)">SB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_(Bhutan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration (Bhutan) (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_and_National_Registration_Department_(Brunei)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration and National Registration Department (Brunei) (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Border_Police_(Cambodia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Border Police (Cambodia) (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Immigration_Inspection" title="China Immigration Inspection">CII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Administration" title="National Immigration Administration">NIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLAGF" class="mw-redirect" title="PLAGF">PLAGF</a> Border Defense Units</li></ul></li> <li>Georgia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Police_of_Georgia" title="Border Police of Georgia">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Migration_(Georgia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Migration (Georgia) (page does not exist)">Migratsiis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_Police_Department_(Georgia)" title="Patrol Police Department (Georgia)">Politsiis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Commission_of_Migration_Issues_(Georgia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Commission of Migration Issues (Georgia) (page does not exist)">SCMI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Immigration Department (Hong Kong)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Rifles" title="Assam Rifles">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Immigration_(India)" title="Bureau of Immigration (India)">BOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">BSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">ITBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Rifles" title="Rashtriya Rifles">RR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">SFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">SSB</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Immigration_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate General of Immigration (Indonesia)">Imigrasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_guard#Indonesia" title="Border guard">Border Security Task Force (Satgas Pamtas)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iran <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_for_Aliens_and_Foreign_Immigrants_Affairs_(Iran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bureau for Aliens and Foreign Immigrants Affairs (Iran) (page does not exist)">BAFIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Immigration_%26_Passport_Police_Office" title="Iranian Immigration & Passport Police Office">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Border_Guard_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Border Guard Command">Marzbani NAJA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Guard_Force_Command_(Iraq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Guard Force Command (Iraq) (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crossing_Points_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crossing Points Authority (page does not exist)">CPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Border_Police" title="Israel Border Police">Magav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_Border_Crossings,_Population_and_Immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Administration of Border Crossings, Population and Immigration">PIBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamam" title="Yamam">Yamam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas_(Israel_Border_Police_unit)" title="Yamas (Israel Border Police unit)">Yamas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_Services_Agency_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration Services Agency (Japan) (page does not exist)">Japan</a></li> <li>Jordan <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borders_and_Residence_Department_(Jordan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borders and Residence Department (Jordan) (page does not exist)">BRD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Border_Security_(Jordan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Border Security (Jordan) (page does not exist)">DBS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kazakhstan <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_of_Migration_Service_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee of Migration Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">KQQK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Service_of_the_National_Security_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" title="Border Service of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan">UQK SQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_People%27s_Internal_Security_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean People's Internal Security Forces (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li>South Korea <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korea_Immigration_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korea Immigration Service (page does not exist)">KIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_(Republic_of_Korea)" title="Military Police (Republic of Korea)">ROK MP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kuwait <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Department_of_Land_Border_Security_(Kuwait)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Department of Land Border Security (Kuwait) (page does not exist)">GDLBS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Department_of_Residency_(Kuwait)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Department of Residency (Kuwait) (page does not exist)">GDR</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kyrgyzstan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard_Service_(Kyrgyzstan)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Border Guard Service (Kyrgyzstan)">MCK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Migration_Service_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="State Migration Service of Kyrgyzstan">OKMMK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Police_Immigration_of_General_Security_Police_Department_(Laos)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Police Immigration of General Security Police Department (Laos) (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_General_Security" title="General Directorate of General Security">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Police_Force" title="Public Security Police Force">Macau</a></li> <li>Malaysia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Agency" title="Border Security Agency">AKSEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Department_of_Malaysia" title="Immigration Department of Malaysia">JIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejimen_Sempadan" title="Rejimen Sempadan">RS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldives_Immigration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldives Immigration (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li>Mongolia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolia_Immigration_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mongolia Immigration Agency (page does not exist)">GIKG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Authority_for_Border_Protection" title="General Authority for Border Protection">KKEG</a></li></ul></li> <li>Myanmar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_Forces" title="Border Guard Forces">BGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_Police" title="Border Guard Police">BGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour,_Immigration_and_Population" title="Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population">MIP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nepal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Police_Force_(Nepal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Police Force (Nepal)">APF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_(Nepal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration (Nepal) (page does not exist)">DOI</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oman <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Guard_Brigade_(Oman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Guard Brigade (Oman) (page does not exist)">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Passport_%26_Residence_(Oman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Passport & Residence (Oman) (page does not exist)">DGPR</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Immigration_%26_Passports" title="Directorate General of Immigration & Passports">DGIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Corps" title="Frontier Corps">FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_Baltistan_Scouts" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgit Baltistan Scouts">GB Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Rangers" title="Pakistan Rangers">PR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Administration_for_Borders_and_Crossings_(Palestine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Administration for Borders and Crossings (Palestine) (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Immigration_(Philippines)" title="Bureau of Immigration (Philippines)">Philippines</a></li> <li>Qatar <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qatar_Emiri_Border_Corps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qatar Emiri Border Corps (page does not exist)">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Directorate_of_Passports_(Qatar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Directorate of Passports (Qatar) (page does not exist)">GDP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Saudi Arabia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Border_Guard" title="General Directorate of Border Guard">GDBG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Directorate_of_Passports_(Saudi_Arabia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Directorate of Passports (Saudi Arabia) (page does not exist)">GDP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Checkpoints_Authority" title="Immigration and Checkpoints Authority">Singapore</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_and_Emigration_(Sri_Lanka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration and Emigration (Sri Lanka) (page does not exist)">DIE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Border_Management_Committee_(Sri_Lanka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Border Management Committee (Sri Lanka) (page does not exist)">NBMC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Syria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_Forces_(Syria)" title="Border Guard Forces (Syria)">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Border_Security_Force" title="Syrian Border Security Force">BSF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_and_Passports_(Syria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration and Passports (Syria) (page does not exist)">IAPD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Immigration_Agency" title="National Immigration Agency">Republic of China (Taiwan)</a></li> <li>Tajikistan <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajikistan_Migration_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajikistan Migration Service (page does not exist)">MS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Border_Troops" title="Tajik Border Troops">QS KDAM</a></li></ul></li> <li>Thailand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Patrol_Police" title="Border Patrol Police">BPP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_Bureau_(Thailand)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration Bureau (Thailand) (page does not exist)">IB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thahan_Phran" title="Thahan Phran">TP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Timor-Leste <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_Service_of_Timor-Leste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration Service of Timor-Leste (page does not exist)">SM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Patrol_Unit_(Timor-Leste)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Patrol Unit (Timor-Leste) (page does not exist)">UPF</a></li></ul></li> <li>Turkey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Migration_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate General of Migration Management">GIGM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Gates_Department_(Turkey)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Gates Department (Turkey) (page does not exist)">Göçmen Hudut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_General_Command" title="Gendarmerie General Command">JGK</a></li></ul></li> <li>Turkmenistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Migration_Service_of_Turkmenistan" title="State Migration Service of Turkmenistan">DMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Service_of_Turkmenistan" title="State Border Service of Turkmenistan">DSG</a></li></ul></li> <li>United Arab Emirates <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Guard_Group_(United_Arab_Emirates)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Guard Group (United Arab Emirates) (page does not exist)">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Authority_for_Identity_and_Nationality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Authority for Identity and Nationality (page does not exist)">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Authority_of_Ports,_Borders_and_Free_Zones_Security_(United_Arab_Emirates)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Authority of Ports, Borders and Free Zones Security (United Arab Emirates) (page does not exist)">Manafth</a></li></ul></li> <li>Uzbekistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Troops_of_the_State_Security_Service_(Uzbekistan)" title="Border Troops of the State Security Service (Uzbekistan)">DXX CQ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Directorate_of_Migration_and_Citizenship_(Uzbekistan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Directorate of Migration and Citizenship (Uzbekistan) (page does not exist)">MvaFRBB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Border_Guard" title="Vietnam Border Guard">Vietnam</a></li> <li>Yemen <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Guard_Forces_(Yemen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Guard Forces (Yemen) (page does not exist)">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration,_Passports_and_Naturalization_Authority_(Yemen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration, Passports and Naturalization Authority (Yemen) (page does not exist)">IPNA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Base_Areas_Customs_and_Immigration" title="Sovereign Base Areas Customs and Immigration">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_and_Migration_Police_(Albania)" title="Border and Migration Police (Albania)">Albania</a></li> <li>Andorra <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_(Andorra)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration (Andorra) (page does not exist)">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_of_Transit_and_Borders_(Andorra)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division of Transit and Borders (Andorra) (page does not exist)">UFE</a></li></ul></li> <li>Austria <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Office_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Asylum_(Austria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Office for Foreign Affairs and Asylum (Austria) (page does not exist)">BFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landespolizeidirektion" class="mw-redirect" title="Landespolizeidirektion">LPD</a></li></ul></li> <li>Belarus <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus" title="State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus">DPK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Citizenship_and_Migration_(Belarus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Citizenship and Migration (Belarus) (page does not exist)">UGIM</a></li></ul></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Public_Service_Interior" title="Federal Public Service Interior">IBZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Belgium)#General_directorate_of_the_administrative_police_(DGA)" title="Federal Police (Belgium)">DGA</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_Border_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina Border Police (page does not exist)">GPBiH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Service_for_Foreigners%27_Affairs_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Service for Foreigners' Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">SPS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bulgaria <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migration_Directorate_(Bulgaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Migration Directorate (Bulgaria) (page does not exist)">DM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Police_(Bulgaria)" title="Border Police (Bulgaria)">GDBP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Croatia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Immigration,_Citizenship_and_Administrative_Affairs_(Croatia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Immigration, Citizenship and Administrative Affairs (Croatia) (page does not exist)">UIDUP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Police_Directorate_(Croatia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Police Directorate (Croatia) (page does not exist)">UZG</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cyprus <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Registry_and_Migration_Department_(Cyprus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Registry and Migration Department (Cyprus) (page does not exist)">CRMD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliens_and_Immigration_Service_(Cyprus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliens and Immigration Service (Cyprus) (page does not exist)">YAM</a></li></ul></li> <li>Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Asylum_and_Migration_Policy_(Czech_Republic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Asylum and Migration Policy (Czech Republic) (page does not exist)">OAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_and_Border_Police" title="Alien and Border Police">SCP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hjemrejsestyrelsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hjemrejsestyrelsen (page does not exist)">HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Denmark" title="Police of Denmark">Politi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_Agency_for_International_Recruitment_and_Integration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danish Agency for International Recruitment and Integration (page does not exist)">SIRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Immigration_Service" title="Danish Immigration Service">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_and_Border_Guard_Board" title="Police and Border Guard Board">Estonia</a></li> <li>Finland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Immigration_Service" title="Finnish Immigration Service">Migri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Border_Guard" title="Finnish Border Guard">RVL</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direction_centrale_de_la_police_aux_fronti%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Direction centrale de la police aux frontières">DCPAF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Foreigners_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Foreigners in France (page does not exist)">DGEF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Office_for_Immigration_and_Integration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Office for Immigration and Integration (page does not exist)">OFII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_Office_for_the_Protection_of_Refugees_and_Stateless_Persons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (page does not exist)">OFPRA</a></li></ul></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_for_Migration_and_Refugees" title="Federal Office for Migration and Refugees">BAMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Germany)" title="Federal Police (Germany)">BPOL</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gibraltar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_and_Coastguard_Agency" title="Borders and Coastguard Agency">BCA</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Foreigners_and_Immigration_(Greece)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Foreigners and Immigration (Greece) (page does not exist)">DAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliens_and_Border_Protection_Branch_(Greece)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliens and Border Protection Branch (Greece) (page does not exist)">KAPS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_Border_Agency" title="Guernsey Border Agency">Guernsey</a></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hat%C3%A1rrend%C3%A9szet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Határrendészet (page does not exist)">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Directorate-General_for_Aliens_Policing_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing (Hungary) (page does not exist)">OIF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Atlendingastofnun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Útlendingastofnun (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li>Ireland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garda_National_Immigration_Bureau" title="Garda National Immigration Bureau">GNIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Naturalisation_and_Immigration_Service" title="Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service">INIS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Directorate_for_Immigration_and_Border_Police_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Directorate for Immigration and Border Police (Italy)">DCIPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Civil_Liberties_and_Immigration_(Italy)" title="Department of Civil Liberties and Immigration (Italy)">DLCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardia_di_Finanza" title="Guardia di Finanza">GdF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabinieri" title="Carabinieri">L'AC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey_Customs_and_Immigration_Service" title="States of Jersey Customs and Immigration Service">Jersey</a></li> <li>Latvia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Citizenship_and_Migration_Affairs_(Latvia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs (Latvia) (page does not exist)">PMLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard" title="State Border Guard">RS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Liechtenstein <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_and_Passport_Office_(Liechtenstein)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration and Passport Office (Liechtenstein) (page does not exist)">APA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_(Liechtenstein)" title="National Police (Liechtenstein)">LaPo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Border_Guard" title="Swiss Border Guard">SBG</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lithuania <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migration_Department_(Lithuania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Migration Department (Lithuania) (page does not exist)">MD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_State_Border_Guard_Service" title="Lithuanian State Border Guard Service">VSAT</a></li></ul></li> <li>Luxembourg <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Immigration_(Luxembourg)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Immigration (Luxembourg) (page does not exist)">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Police" title="Grand Ducal Police">PGD</a></li></ul></li> <li>Malta <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_Malta_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Identity Malta Agency (page does not exist)">IMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Police_Force" title="Malta Police Force">MPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Armed Forces of Malta">AFM</a></li></ul></li> <li>Moldova <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_for_Migration_and_Asylum_(Moldova)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bureau for Migration and Asylum (Moldova) (page does not exist)">BMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Border_Police" title="Moldovan Border Police">PF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marine_and_Airport_Police_Division_(Monaco)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marine and Airport Police Division (Monaco) (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sektor_Grani%C4%8Dne_Policije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sektor Granične Policije (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreigner_Police,_Identification_and_Human_Trafficking_Division_(Netherlands)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreigner Police, Identification and Human Trafficking Division (Netherlands) (page does not exist)">AVIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalisation_Service_(Netherlands)" title="Immigration and Naturalisation Service (Netherlands)">IND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marechaussee" title="Royal Marechaussee">KMar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Police_of_North_Macedonia" title="Border Police of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li>Norway <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Border_Commissioner" title="Norwegian Border Commissioner">Grensekom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison_of_S%C3%B8r-Varanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Garrison of Sør-Varanger">GSV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Immigration_Service_(Norway)" title="National Police Immigration Service (Norway)">PU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_Directorate_of_Immigration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (page does not exist)">UDI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_Immigration_Appeals_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norwegian Immigration Appeals Board (page does not exist)">UNE</a></li></ul></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_(Poland)" title="Border Guard (Poland)">SG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urz%C4%85d_do_spraw_Cudzoziemc%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urząd do spraw Cudzoziemców (page does not exist)">UDSC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agency_for_Integration,_Migration_and_Asylum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agency for Integration, Migration and Asylum (page does not exist)">AIMA</a></li></ul></li> <li>Romania <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Inspectorate_for_Immigration_(Romania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Inspectorate for Immigration (Romania) (page does not exist)">IGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Border_Police" title="Romanian Border Police">PFR</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Main_Directorate_for_Migration_Affairs_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Directorate for Migration Affairs (Russia)">GUVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Service_of_the_Federal_Security_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation">PSFSB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardia_di_Rocca" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardia di Rocca">San Marino</a></li> <li>Serbia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commissariat_for_Refugees_and_Migration_(Serbia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commissariat for Refugees and Migration (Serbia) (page does not exist)">KIRS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Police_Directorate_(Serbia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Police Directorate (Serbia) (page does not exist)">UGP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Slovakia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migration_Office_(Slovakia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Migration Office (Slovakia) (page does not exist)">MÚ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Border_and_Foreign_Police_(Slovakia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bureau of Border and Foreign Police (Slovakia) (page does not exist)">ÚHCP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Slovenia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Police_Division_(Slovenia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Police Division (Slovenia) (page does not exist)">SMP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Internal_Administrative_Affairs_(Slovenia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Internal Administrative Affairs (Slovenia) (page does not exist)">SUNZ</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Commissariat_of_Immigration_and_Borders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Commissariat of Immigration and Borders (page does not exist)">CGEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">GC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asylum_and_Refuge_Office_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asylum and Refuge Office (Spain) (page does not exist)">OAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Migration" title="Secretary of State for Migration">SEM</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sweden <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Police_Authority#National_Operations_Department" title="Swedish Police Authority">NOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Migration_Agency" title="Swedish Migration Agency">SMA</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Border_Guard" title="Swiss Border Guard">SBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Secretariat_for_Migration_(Switzerland)" title="State Secretariat for Migration (Switzerland)">SEM</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Migration_Service_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Migration Service (Ukraine)">DMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard_Service_of_Ukraine" title="State Border Guard Service of Ukraine">DPSU</a></li></ul></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HM_Passport_Office" title="HM Passport Office">HMPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Enforcement" title="Immigration Enforcement">IE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Force" title="Border Force">UKBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Visas_and_Immigration" title="UK Visas and Immigration">UKVI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration (Antigua and Barbuda) (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_(Bahamas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration (Bahamas) (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbados_Immigration_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbados Immigration Department (page does not exist)">Barbados</a></li> <li>Belize <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Management_Agency_(Belize)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Management Agency (Belize) (page does not exist)">BMA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_and_Nationality_Services_(Belize)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration and Nationality Services (Belize) (page does not exist)">DINS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Border_Services_Agency" title="Canada Border Services Agency">CBSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration,_Refugees_and_Citizenship_Canada" title="Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada">IRCC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Costa Rica <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Migration_and_Foreigners_(Costa_Rica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Migration and Foreigners (Costa Rica) (page does not exist)">DGME</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Directorate_of_Border_Police_(Costa_Rica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Directorate of Border Police (Costa Rica) (page does not exist)">Fronteras</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cuba <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigada_de_la_Frontera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigada de la Frontera (page does not exist)">BF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Identification,_Immigration_and_Foreigner_(Cuba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Identification, Immigration and Foreigner (Cuba) (page does not exist)">DIIE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice,_Immigration_and_National_Security_(Dominica)" title="Ministry of Justice, Immigration and National Security (Dominica)">Dominica</a></li> <li>Dominican Republic <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuerpo_Especializado_en_Seguridad_Fronteriza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuerpo Especializado en Seguridad Fronteriza (page does not exist)">CESFRONT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Migration_(Dominican_Republic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Migration (Dominican Republic) (page does not exist)">DGMRD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuerza_de_Tarea_Interagencial_Cerco_Fronterizo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuerza de Tarea Interagencial Cerco Fronterizo (page does not exist)">FTC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unidad_de_Patrulla_Fronteriza_(Dominican_Republic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unidad de Patrulla Fronteriza (Dominican Republic) (page does not exist)">UPF</a></li></ul></li> <li>El Salvador <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrulla_Fronteriza_(El_Salvador)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrulla Fronteriza (El Salvador) (page does not exist)">Border Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Directorate_of_Migration_and_Foreigner_(El_Salvador)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Directorate of Migration and Foreigner (El Salvador) (page does not exist)">DGME</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_de_Seguridad_Fronteriza_(El_Salvador)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division de Seguridad Fronteriza (El Salvador) (page does not exist)">DISEFRO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Immigration_Service" title="Danish Immigration Service">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_and_Passport_Department_(Grenada)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration and Passport Department (Grenada) (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li>Guatemala <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_of_Ports,_Airports_and_Border_Posts_(Guatemala)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division of Ports, Airports and Border Posts (Guatemala) (page does not exist)">DIPAFRONT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guatemalan_Migration_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guatemalan Migration Institute (page does not exist)">IGM</a></li></ul></li> <li>Haiti <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Immigration_and_Emigration_(Haiti)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Immigration and Emigration (Haiti) (page does not exist)">DIE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_Border_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haitian Border Police (page does not exist)">POLIFRONT</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honduras <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Directorate_of_Border_Police_Services_(Honduras)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Directorate of Border Police Services (Honduras) (page does not exist)">DNSPF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Migration_(Honduras)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute of Migration (Honduras) (page does not exist)">INM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passport,_Immigration_and_Citizenship_Agency_(Jamaica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passport, Immigration and Citizenship Agency (Jamaica) (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Mexico)" title="National Guard (Mexico)">GN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Migraci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Migración">INM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Directorate_of_Migration_and_Foreigners_(Nicaragua)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Directorate of Migration and Foreigners (Nicaragua) (page does not exist)">Nicaragua</a></li> <li>Panama <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panama_Passport_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panama Passport Authority (page does not exist)">APAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Border_Service" title="National Border Service">SENAFRONT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Immigration_Service_(Panama)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Immigration Service (Panama) (page does not exist)">SNM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_Immigration_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis Immigration Department (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saint_Lucia_Police_Force" title="Royal Saint Lucia Police Force">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passports_and_Immigration_Department_(St._Vincent_and_the_Grenadines)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passports and Immigration Department (St. Vincent and the Grenadines) (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_Division_(Trinidad_and_Tobago)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration Division (Trinidad and Tobago) (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Border_and_Maritime_Security_Division" title="DHS Border and Maritime Security Division">DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">USBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">USCIS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Samoa_Immigration_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Samoa Immigration Office (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Border_Force" title="Australian Border Force">Australia</a></li> <li>Federated States of Micronesia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_of_Border_Control_and_Maritime_Surveillance_(FSM)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division of Border Control and Maritime Surveillance (FSM) (page does not exist)">Border Control</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_of_Immigration_%26_Passport_Services_(FSM)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division of Immigration & Passport Services (FSM) (page does not exist)">Immigration</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fiji <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosecurity_Authority_of_Fiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biosecurity Authority of Fiji (page does not exist)">BAF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_(Fiji)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration (Fiji) (page does not exist)">FID</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Immigration" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_of_Immigration_(Marshall_Islands)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division of Immigration (Marshall Islands) (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_and_Border_Control_(Nauru)" title="Ministry of Justice and Border Control (Nauru)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_New_Zealand" title="Immigration New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Immigration_(Palau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bureau of Immigration (Palau) (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li>Papua New Guinea <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papua_New_Guinea_Immigration_and_Citizenship_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papua New Guinea Immigration and Citizenship Authority (page does not exist)">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea_Defence_Force" title="Papua New Guinea Defence Force">PNGDF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoa_Immigration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samoa Immigration (page does not exist)">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_Islands_Immigration_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon Islands Immigration Division (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Immigration_and_Citizenship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Immigration and Citizenship (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigration_Department_(Tuvalu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration Department (Tuvalu) (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li>Vanuatu <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosecurity_Vanuatu_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biosecurity Vanuatu Department (page does not exist)">BV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanuatu_Immigration_and_Passport_Services_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanuatu Immigration and Passport Services Department (page does not exist)">VIS</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Directorate_of_Migration_(Argentina)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Directorate of Migration (Argentina) (page does not exist)">DNM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_National_Gendarmerie" title="Argentine National Gendarmerie">GNA</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bolivia <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rural_and_Border_Police_(Bolivia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rural and Border Police (Bolivia) (page does not exist)">Border Police</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Migration_(Bolivia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Migration (Bolivia) (page does not exist)">DIGEMIG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_Immigration_Control_Unit_(Bolivia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police Immigration Control Unit (Bolivia) (page does not exist)">UPCOM</a></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Police_Battalion_(Brazil)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Police Battalion (Brazil) (page does not exist)">BPFron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialized_Border_Security_Management_(Brazil)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialized Border Security Management (Brazil) (page does not exist)">GESFRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_of_Brazil" title="Federal Police of Brazil">PF</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chile <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">CdC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Headquarters_of_Immigration_and_International_Police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Headquarters of Immigration and International Police (page does not exist)">JENAMIG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Migration" title="Colombia Migration">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undersecretariat_for_Migration_(Ecuador)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undersecretariat for Migration (Ecuador) (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li> <li>Guyana <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Support_Services_(Guyana)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Citizenship and Immigration Support Services (Guyana) (page does not exist)">DOC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana_Police_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guyana Police Force (page does not exist)">GPF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Migrations_(Paraguay)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Migrations (Paraguay) (page does not exist)">Paraguay</a></li> <li>Peru <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Superintendence_of_Migrations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Superintendence of Migrations (page does not exist)">Migraciones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Peru" title="National Police of Peru">PNP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Suriname <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Immigratiedienst_(Suriname)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigratiedienst (Suriname) (page does not exist)">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korps_Militaire_Politie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korps Militaire Politie (page does not exist)">KMP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoofdafdeling_Vreemdelingenzaken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoofdafdeling Vreemdelingenzaken (page does not exist)">VZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Directorate_of_Migration_(Uruguay)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Directorate of Migration (Uruguay) (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li>Venezuela <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan National Guard">GNB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Policia_de_Migracion_(Venezuela)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Policia de Migracion (Venezuela) (page does not exist)">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Identification,_Migration_and_Immigration_Service_(Venezuela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative Identification, Migration and Immigration Service (Venezuela)">SAIME</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIS_Council_of_Border_Troops%27_Commanders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIS Council of Border Troops' Commanders (page does not exist)">CIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-recognized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Donetsk <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migration_Service_of_Donetsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Migration Service of Donetsk (page does not exist)">MS DNR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Guard_Service_of_Donetsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Guard Service of Donetsk (page does not exist)">SPO DNR</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kosovo <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Citizenship,_Asylum_and_Migration_(Kosovo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Citizenship, Asylum and Migration (Kosovo) (page does not exist)">DCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Border_(Kosovo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Border (Kosovo) (page does not exist)">DPK</a></li></ul></li> <li>Luhansk <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Guard_Service_of_Luhansk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Guard Service of Luhansk (page does not exist)">SPO LNR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_the_Migration_Service_of_Luhansk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of the Migration Service of Luhansk (page does not exist)">UMS LNR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Immigration_(Northern_Cyprus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Immigration (Northern Cyprus) (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li>Somaliland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Immigration_and_Border_Control" title="Somaliland Immigration and Border Control">SIBC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Transnistria <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Border_Directorate_of_the_Ministry_of_State_Security_(Transnistria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Border Directorate of the Ministry of State Security (Transnistria) (page does not exist)">PU MGB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Migration_Department_of_the_Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Transnistria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Migration Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Transnistria) (page does not exist)">UPVM MVD</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Border_Guard_(Albania)" title="Royal Border Guard (Albania)">Albania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 1939)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akritai" title="Akritai">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Defense_Guard_(Czechoslovakia)" title="State Defense Guard (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 1939)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Troops_of_the_German_Democratic_Republic" title="Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Border_Guard" title="Estonian Border Guard">Estonia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollgrenzschutz" title="Zollgrenzschutz">Germany</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 1945)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardia_alla_Frontiera" title="Guardia alla Frontiera">Italy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 1943)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_Border_Guard" title="Liechtenstein Border Guard">Liechtenstein</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 1923)</span></li> <li>Poland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Protection_Corps" title="Border Protection Corps">KOP</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 1939)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Protection_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Protection Troops">BPT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 1991)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limitanei" title="Limitanei">Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Border_Troops" title="Soviet Border Troops">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabineros" title="Carabineros">Spain</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 1940)</span></li> <li>Portugal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreigners_and_Borders_Service" title="Foreigners and Borders Service">SEF</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 2023)</span></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Directorate" title="Immigration and Nationality Directorate">IND</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 2007)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_and_Immigration_Agency" title="Border and Immigration Agency">BIA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Border_Agency" title="UK Border Agency">UKBA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 2013)</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesgrenzschutz" title="Bundesgrenzschutz">West Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Border_protection_agencies" title="Template:Border protection agencies">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Coast_guards" title="Template:Coast guards">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Customs_services" title="Template:Customs services">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Police" title="Template:Police">Law enforcement agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Template:Types of law enforcement agencies">Types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Template:National intelligence agencies">Intelligence agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362732#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362732#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362732#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110100513">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/5994156677163933770006">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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