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vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="მთავარი მენიუ" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">მთავარი მენიუ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">მთავარი მენიუ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">გადატანა გვერდით ზოლზე</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">დამალვა</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ნავიგაცია </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="გახსენით მთავარი გვერდი [z]" accesskey="z"><span>მთავარი გვერდი</span></a></li><li id="n-თემატური-ძიება" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98"><span>თემატური ძიება</span></a></li><li id="n-რჩეული-სტატიები" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98"><span>რჩეული სტატიები</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97" title="შემთხვევითი გვერდის გახსნა. [x]" accesskey="x"><span>შემთხვევითი გვერდი</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98"><span>ახალი გვერდები</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-participation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> მონაწილეობა </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-ინფორმაცია" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98"><span>ინფორმაცია</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="სად გავიგოთ."><span>დახმარება</span></a></li><li id="n-ფორუმი" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98"><span>ფორუმი</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ვიკიპედიაში ბოლო ცვლილებების სია. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ბოლო ცვლილებები</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ვიკიპედია" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ka.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.5em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="თავისუფალი ენციკლოპედია" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ka.svg" width="130" height="14" style="width: 8.125em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ძიება ვიკიპედია [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ძიება</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ძიება ვიკიპედია" aria-label="ძიება ვიკიპედია" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ძიება ვიკიპედია [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="სპეციალური:ძიება"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ძიება</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="პირადი ხელსაწყოები"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="იერსახე"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="გვერდის შრიფტის ზომის, სიგანისა და ფერის შეცვლა" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="იერსახე" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">იერსახე</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ka.wikipedia.org&uselang=ka" class=""><span>შემოწირულობები</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90&returnto=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჩვენ გთავაზობთ, შექმნათ ანგარიში და შეხვიდეთ სისტემაში; თუმცა ეს არ არის აუცილებელი" class=""><span>ანგარიშის შექმნა</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90&returnto=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სასურველია დარეგისტრირდეთ, თუმცა აუცილებელი არ არის. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>შესვლა</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="მეტი შესაძლებლობა" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="პირადი ხელსაწყოები" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">პირადი ხელსაწყოები</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="მომხმარებლის მენიუ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ka.wikipedia.org&uselang=ka"><span>შემოწირულობები</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90&returnto=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჩვენ გთავაზობთ, შექმნათ ანგარიში და შეხვიდეთ სისტემაში; თუმცა ეს არ არის აუცილებელი"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ანგარიშის შექმნა</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90&returnto=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სასურველია დარეგისტრირდეთ, თუმცა აუცილებელი არ არის. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>შესვლა</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> გვერდები სისტემიდან გამოსული რედაქტორებისათვის <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" aria-label="რედაქტირების შესახებ მეტის გაგება"><span>გაიგეთ მეტი</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="რედაქტირებების სია შესრულებული ამ IP მისამართიდან [y]" accesskey="y"><span>წვლილი</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="დისკუსია ამ ip მისამართის წაშლის შესახებ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>განხილვა</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eდამალვა\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- 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src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wikimedia_User_Group_Georgia_Logo_Black_%28Official%29.svg/90px-Wikimedia_User_Group_Georgia_Logo_Black_%28Official%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"90\" height=\"90\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wikimedia_User_Group_Georgia_Logo_Black_%28Official%29.svg/135px-Wikimedia_User_Group_Georgia_Logo_Black_%28Official%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Wikimedia_User_Group_Georgia_Logo_Black_%28Official%29.svg/180px-Wikimedia_User_Group_Georgia_Logo_Black_%28Official%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"2329\" data-file-height=\"2329\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003C/figcaption\u003E\u003C/figure\u003E \u003Cb\u003Eჩაერთეთ კონკურსში \u003Cbr /\u003E\u003Cbig\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https://ge.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98/2024/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wmge:ვმ საქართველო/კონკურსები/2024/ვიკიპედიის აზიის თვე\"\u003E\u003Cfont color=\"#0000FF\"\u003E„ვიკიპედიის აზიის თვე“,\u003C/font\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/big\u003E \u003Cbr /\u003Eშექმენით სტატიები და მოიგეთ პრიზები!\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="საიტი"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="სარჩევი" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">სარჩევი</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">გადატანა გვერდით ზოლზე</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">დამალვა</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">შესავალი</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ლიტერატურა" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ლიტერატურა"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ლიტერატურა</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ლიტერატურა-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="სარჩევი" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="სარჩევის დამალვა/ჩვენება" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">სარჩევის დამალვა/ჩვენება</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ხერხემლიანები</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="სხვაენოვან სტატიაზე გადასვლა. ხელმისაწვდომია 144 ენაზე" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-144" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">144 ენა</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewerweldes" title="Gewerweldes — აფრიკაანსი" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gewerweldes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="აფრიკაანსი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirbeltiere" title="Wirbeltiere — შვეიცარიული გერმანული" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wirbeltiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="შვეიცარიული გერმანული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%88%88_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AA" title="ባለ አከርካሪ — ამჰარული" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባለ አከርካሪ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ამჰარული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — არაგონული" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="არაგონული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrycgd%C4%93or" title="Hrycgdēor — ძველი ინგლისური" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hrycgdēor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ძველი ინგლისური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فقاريات — არაბული" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فقاريات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="არაბული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سنسوليات — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سنسوليات" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فقاريات — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فقاريات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="মেৰুদণ্ডী প্ৰাণী — ასამური" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মেৰুদণ্ডী প্ৰাণী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ასამური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — ასტურიული" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ასტურიული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onur%C4%9Fal%C4%B1lar" title="Onurğalılar — აზერბაიჯანული" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Onurğalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="აზერბაიჯანული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%92%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اوْنورغالیلار — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوْنورغالیلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Умыртҡалылар — ბაშკირული" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Умыртҡалылар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ბაშკირული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoumen%C4%97n%C4%93_g%C4%ABv%C4%93" title="Stoumenėnē gīvē — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Stoumenėnē gīvē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Пазваночныя — ბელარუსული" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пазваночныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ბელარუსული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Хрыбетныя — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хрыбетныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Гръбначни — ბულგარული" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гръбначни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ბულგარული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="মেরুদণ্ডী প্রাণী — ბენგალური" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেরুদণ্ডী প্রাণী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ბენგალური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="སྒལ་ཚིགས་སྲོག་ཆགས་ — ტიბეტური" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྒལ་ཚིགས་སྲོག་ཆགས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ტიბეტური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — ბრეტონული" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ბრეტონული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Dmenjaci" title="Kičmenjaci — ბოსნიური" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kičmenjaci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ბოსნიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrats" title="Vertebrats — კატალანური" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vertebrats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="კატალანური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9k-t%C3%B9i_d%C3%B4ng-%C5%ADk" title="Cék-tùi dông-ŭk — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cék-tùi dông-ŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukgan" title="Bukgan — სებუანო" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bukgan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="სებუანო" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%95%D8%A8%DA%95%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بڕبڕەداران — ცენტრალური ქურთული" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بڕبڕەداران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ცენტრალური ქურთული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="კარგი სტატია"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obratlovci" title="Obratlovci — ჩეხური" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obratlovci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ჩეხური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Çурăм тунилли — ჩუვაშური" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурăм тунилли" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ჩუვაშური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertebrat" title="Fertebrat — უელსური" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fertebrat" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="უელსური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvirveldyr" title="Hvirveldyr — დანიური" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hvirveldyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="დანიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirbeltiere" title="Wirbeltiere — გერმანული" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wirbeltiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="გერმანული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%84%CF%8C" title="Σπονδυλωτό — ბერძნული" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σπονδυλωτό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ბერძნული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate — ინგლისური" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vertebrate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ინგლისური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebruloj" title="Vertebruloj — ესპერანტო" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vertebruloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ესპერანტო" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — ესპანური" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ესპანური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selgroogsed" title="Selgroogsed — ესტონური" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Selgroogsed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ესტონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornodun" title="Ornodun — ბასკური" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ornodun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ბასკური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrau" title="Vertebrau — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Vertebrau" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مهره‌داران — სპარსული" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهره‌داران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="სპარსული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selk%C3%A4rankaiset" title="Selkärankaiset — ფინური" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Selkärankaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ფინური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vert%C3%A9br%C3%A9s" title="Vertébrés — ფრანგული" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vertébrés" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ფრანგული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8rt%C3%A8br%C3%A2s" title="Vèrtèbrâs — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vèrtèbrâs" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4%C3%A4rlisdiarten" title="Wäärlisdiarten — ჩრდილოფრიზიული" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wäärlisdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ჩრდილოფრიზიული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wringedieren" title="Wringedieren — დასავლეთფრიზიული" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wringedieren" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="დასავლეთფრიზიული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veirteabrach" title="Veirteabrach — ირლანდიური" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Veirteabrach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ირლანდიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrados" title="Vertebrados — გალისიური" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vertebrados" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="გალისიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pujase%27orek%C3%B3va" title="Pujase'orekóva — გუარანი" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pujase'orekóva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="გუარანი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — მენური" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="მენური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chit-chh%C3%B9i_thung-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Chit-chhùi thung-vu̍t — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chit-chhùi thung-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="בעלי חוליות — ებრაული" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בעלי חוליות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ებრაული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="कशेरुकी प्राणी — ჰინდი" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कशेरुकी प्राणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ჰინდი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kralje%C5%BEnjaci" title="Kralježnjaci — ხორვატული" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kralježnjaci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ხორვატული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerincesek" title="Gerincesek — უნგრული" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gerincesek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="უნგრული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D5%B2%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ողնաշարավորներ — სომხური" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ողնաշարավորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="სომხური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrato" title="Vertebrato — ინტერლინგუალური" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vertebrato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ინტერლინგუალური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — ინდონეზიური" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ინდონეზიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertebrata" title="Bertebrata — ილოკო" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bertebrata" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ილოკო" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="БукъатӀехкьяраш — ინგუშური" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="БукъатӀехкьяраш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ინგუშური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hryggd%C3%BDr" title="Hryggdýr — ისლანდიური" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hryggdýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ისლანდიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — იტალიური" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="იტალიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="脊椎動物 — იაპონური" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="脊椎動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="იაპონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — იავური" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="იავური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina%C9%A3lalin" title="Tinaɣlalin — კაბილური" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tinaɣlalin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="კაბილური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Омыртқалылар — ყაზახური" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Омыртқалылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ყაზახური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%84" title="សត្វឆ្អឹងកង — ქმერული" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សត្វឆ្អឹងកង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ქმერული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95" title="ಕಶೇರುಕ — კანადა" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಶೇರುಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="კანადა" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%99%EC%B6%94%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="척추동물 — კორეული" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="척추동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="კორეული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movikdar" title="Movikdar — ქურთული" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Movikdar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ქურთული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Омурткалуулар — ყირგიზული" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Омурткалуулар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ყირგიზული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — ლათინური" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ლათინური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wierbeld%C3%A9ieren" title="Wierbeldéieren — ლუქსემბურგული" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wierbeldéieren" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ლუქსემბურგული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrato" title="Vertebrato — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vertebrato" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewervelde_bieste" title="Gewervelde bieste — ლიმბურგული" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gewervelde bieste" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ლიმბურგული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebr%C3%A6" title="Vertebræ — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vertebræ" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebr%C3%A0cc" title="Vertebràcc — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vertebràcc" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyama_ya_mik%C3%BAwa" title="Nyama ya mikúwa — ლინგალა" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nyama ya mikúwa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ლინგალა" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuburiniai" title="Stuburiniai — ლიეტუვური" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stuburiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ლიეტუვური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugurkaulnieki" title="Mugurkaulnieki — ლატვიური" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mugurkaulnieki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ლატვიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — მინანგკაბაუ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="მინანგკაბაუ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99%D0%A0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="’Рбетници — მაკედონური" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="’Рбетници" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="მაკედონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="കശേരുകി — მალაიალამური" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കശേരുകി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="მალაიალამური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="पृष्ठवंशी प्राणी — მარათჰი" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पृष्ठवंशी प्राणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="მარათჰი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D3%B9%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%93%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Тупӹрдӓнвлӓ — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Тупӹрдӓнвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrat" title="Vertebrat — მალაიური" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Vertebrat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="მალაიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB" title="ကျောရိုးရှိသတ္တဝါ — ბირმული" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျောရိုးရှိသတ္တဝါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ბირმული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="میرکادارون — მაზანდერანული" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="میرکادارون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="მაზანდერანული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warveldeerter" title="Warveldeerter — ქვემოგერმანული" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Warveldeerter" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ქვემოგერმანული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warvelden" title="Warvelden — ქვემოსაქსონური" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Warvelden" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ქვემოსაქსონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewervelden" title="Gewervelden — ნიდერლანდური" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gewervelden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ნიდერლანდური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virveldyr" title="Virveldyr — ნორვეგიული ნიუნორსკი" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Virveldyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ნორვეგიული ნიუნორსკი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virveldyr" title="Virveldyr — ნორვეგიული ბუკმოლი" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Virveldyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ნორვეგიული ბუკმოლი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD%C3%ADgh%C3%A1%C3%A1n_Dah%C3%B3l%C3%B3n%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Bíígháán Dahólónígíí — ნავახო" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bíígháán Dahólónígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="ნავახო" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — ოქსიტანური" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ოქსიტანური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugugguruu_qabeeyyii" title="Dugugguruu qabeeyyii — ორომო" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dugugguruu qabeeyyii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ორომო" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਕੰਗਰੋੜਧਾਰੀ — პენჯაბური" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੰਗਰੋੜਧਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="პენჯაბური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirbeltier" title="Wirbeltier — Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Wirbeltier" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%99gowce" title="Kręgowce — პოლონური" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kręgowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="პოლონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%91%DB%92" title="کنگریڑے — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کنگریڑے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B2%DB%8D_%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%8A_%DA%98%D9%88%D9%8A" title="شمزۍ لرونکي ژوي — პუშტუ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شمزۍ لرونکي ژوي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="პუშტუ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrados" title="Vertebrados — პორტუგალიური" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vertebrados" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="პორტუგალიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulluyuq" title="Tulluyuq — კეჩუა" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tulluyuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="კეჩუა" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate — რუმინული" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vertebrate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="რუმინული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Позвоночные — რუსული" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Позвоночные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="რუსული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83" title="कशेरुकाः — სანსკრიტი" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कशेरुकाः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="სანსკრიტი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D2%95%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Тоноҕостоохтор — იაკუტური" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тоноҕостоохтор" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="იაკუტური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — სიცილიური" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="სიცილიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate — შოტლანდიური" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vertebrate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="შოტლანდიური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ڪرنگهي وارا جانور — სინდჰური" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪرنگهي وارا جانور" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="სინდჰური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kralje%C5%A1njaci" title="Kralješnjaci — სერბულ-ხორვატული" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kralješnjaci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="სერბულ-ხორვატული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%98%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A8%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="පෘෂ්ඨවංශීන් — სინჰალური" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පෘෂ්ඨවංශීන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="სინჰალური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vertebrate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavovce" title="Stavovce — სლოვაკური" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stavovce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="სლოვაკური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vreten%C4%8Darji" title="Vretenčarji — სლოვენური" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vretenčarji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="სლოვენური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cielgit%C3%A1vt%C3%A1liih" title="Čielgitávtáliih — ინარი-საამური" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Čielgitávtáliih" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ინარი-საამური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzemuzongoza" title="Dzemuzongoza — შონა" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dzemuzongoza" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="შონა" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurrizor%C3%ABt" title="Kurrizorët — ალბანური" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kurrizorët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ალბანური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="კარგი სტატია"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Кичмењаци — სერბული" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кичмењаци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="სერბული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — სუნდური" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="სუნდური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggradsdjur" title="Ryggradsdjur — შვედური" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryggradsdjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="შვედური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata — სუაჰილი" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vertebrata" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="სუაჰილი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryngowce" title="Kryngowce — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kryngowce" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="முதுகெலும்பி — ტამილური" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதுகெலும்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ტამილური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="సకశేరుకాలు — ტელუგუ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సకశేరుకాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ტელუგუ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Муҳрадорон — ტაჯიკური" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳрадорон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ტაჯიკური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="สัตว์มีกระดูกสันหลัง — ტაილანდური" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัตว์มีกระดูกสันหลัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ტაილანდური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertebrado" title="Bertebrado — Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bertebrado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omurgal%C4%B1lar" title="Omurgalılar — თურქული" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Omurgalılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="თურქული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Умырткалылар — თათრული" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Умырткалылар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="თათრული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Хребетні — უკრაინული" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хребетні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="უკრაინული" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="فقاریہ — ურდუ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فقاریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ურდუ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umurtqalilar" title="Umurtqalilar — უზბეკური" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Umurtqalilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="უზბეკური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_c%C3%B3_x%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_s%E1%BB%91ng" title="Động vật có xương sống — ვიეტნამური" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật có xương sống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ვიეტნამური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewerveldn" title="Gewerveldn — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gewerveldn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biesse_%C3%A5s_cronzoxhs" title="Biesse ås cronzoxhs — ვალონური" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Biesse ås cronzoxhs" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ვალონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrado" title="Vertebrado — ვარაი" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vertebrado" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ვარაი" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="脊椎动物 — ვუ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="脊椎动物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ვუ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="გაგაჩამეფი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გაგაჩამეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98" title="ווערטעבראט — იდიში" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווערטעבראט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="იდიში" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8ranko_el%C3%A9gungun" title="Ẹranko elégungun — იორუბა" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹranko elégungun" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="იორუბა" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenghduz_Ndoksaen" title="Doenghduz Ndoksaen — Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doenghduz Ndoksaen" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewurvelde_be%C3%AAsten" title="Gewurvelde beêsten — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Gewurvelde beêsten" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="脊椎动物 — ჩინური" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="脊椎动物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ჩინური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chek-chui_t%C5%8Dng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Chek-chui tōng-bu̍t — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chek-chui tōng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="脊椎動物 — კანტონური" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="脊椎動物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="კანტონური" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25241#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ენათშორისი ბმულების რედაქტირება" class="wbc-editpage">ბმულების რედაქტირება</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="სახელთა სივრცე"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="იხილეთ შიგთავსის გვერდი [c]" accesskey="c"><span>სტატია</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%83%90:%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="გვერდის შიგთავსის განხილვა (ჯერ არაა დაწერილი) [გ]" accesskey="გ"><span>განხილვა</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ენის ვარიანტის შეცვლა" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ქართული</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="გადახედვა"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&action=history" title="ამ გვერდის ბოლო ვერსიები [ი]" accesskey="ი"><span>ისტორია</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ინსტრუმენტები გვერდებისთვის"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ხელსაწყოები" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ხელსაწყოები</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ხელსაწყოები</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">გადატანა გვერდით ზოლზე</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">დამალვა</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> მოქმედებები </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98"><span>შემოწმებული სტატია</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&veaction=edit" title="ამ გვერდის რედაქტირება [v]" accesskey="v"><span>რედაქტირება</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&action=edit" title="ამ გვერდის წყაროს კოდის რედაქტირება [e]" accesskey="e"><span>წყაროს რედაქტირება</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&action=history"><span>ისტორია</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ძირითადი </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:WhatLinksHere/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ყველა ვიკი გვერდის სია, რომლებშიც ეს გვერდია მითითებული [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ბმულები გვერდზე</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:RecentChangesLinked/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" rel="nofollow" title="ბოლო ცვლილებები ამ გვერდთან დაკავშირებულ გვერდებზე [k]" accesskey="k"><span>დაკავშირებული ცვლილებები</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ყველა სპეციალური გვერდის სია [q]" accesskey="q"><span>სპეციალური გვერდები</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&oldid=3989269" title="მუდმივი ბმული გვერდის ამ ვერსიაზე"><span>მუდმივი ბმული</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&action=info" title="მეტი ინფორმაცია ამ გვერდის შესახებ"><span>გვერდის ინფორმაცია</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:CiteThisPage&page=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&id=3989269&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ინფორმაცია ამ გვერდის ციტირების შესახებ"><span>გვერდის ციტირება</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fka.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598"><span>შემოკლებული URL-ის მიღება</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fka.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598"><span>QR-კოდის ჩამოტვირთვა</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ბეჭდვა/ექსპორტი </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98"><span>წიგნის შექმნა</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&action=show-download-screen"><span>გადაწერა PDF ფორმატში</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&printable=yes" title="ამ გვერდის დასაბეჭდი ვერსია [p]" accesskey="p"><span>დასაბეჭდი ვერსია</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> სხვა პროექტებში </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" hreflang="en"><span>ვიკისაწყობი</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" hreflang="en"><span>ვიკისახეობები</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25241" title="მონაცემთა საცავის დაკავშირებული ელემენტის ბმული [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ვიკიმონაცემების ელემენტი</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ინსტრუმენტები გვერდებისთვის"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="იერსახე"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">იერსახე</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">გადატანა გვერდით ზოლზე</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">დამალვა</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">მასალა ვიკიპედიიდან — თავისუფალი ენციკლოპედია</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ka" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="1" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; line-height: 130%; font-size:1.25em; color:black; padding: 10px 0px 10px 0px; background-color:pink;">ხერხემლიანები</th></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:Bluefin-big.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="თინუსი (Thunnus thynnus)"><img alt="თინუსი (Thunnus thynnus)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bluefin-big.jpg/270px-Bluefin-big.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bluefin-big.jpg/405px-Bluefin-big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bluefin-big.jpg/540px-Bluefin-big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span><br /><span style=""><small>თინუსი (Thunnus thynnus)</small></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; background: pink;"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" class="mw-redirect" title="ბიოლოგიური სისტემატიკა">მეცნიერული კლასიფიკაცია</a></th></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="font-size: 98%; line-height: 1.3em;"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left; text-align:right; width:40%; font-weight: normal">სამეფო: </th> <td class="" style="text-align:left; width:60%;"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ცხოველები">ცხოველები</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left; text-align:right; width:40%; font-weight: normal">ტიპი: </th> <td class="" style="text-align:left; width:60%;"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ქორდიანები">ქორდიანები</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left; text-align:right; width:40%; font-weight: normal"><span style="color:#96C8A2;">ქვეტიპი: </span></th> <td class="" style="text-align:left; width:60%;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ხერხემლიანები</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; background: pink;">ლათინური სახელი</th></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> Vertebrata</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; background: pink; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.2em;"><table width="100%" class="plainlinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/17px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/26px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vertebrata" class="extiw" title="species:Vertebrata"><b>სისტემატიკა<br />ვიკისახეობებში</b></a></td><td style="vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vertebrata" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vertebrata"><b>სურათები<br />ვიკისაწყობში</b></a></td><td><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:pink;"><tbody><tr><td align="right" width="40%"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="გაერთიანებული ტაქსონომიის საინფორმაციო სისტემა">ITIS</a>  </td><td class="plainlinksneverexpand" align="left"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=331030">331030</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right" width="40%"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბიოტექნოლოგიური ინფორმაციის ეროვნული ცენტრი">NCBI</a>  </td><td class="plainlinksneverexpand" align="left"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=7742&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock">7742</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right" width="40%"><a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სიცოცხლის ენციკლოპედია">EOL</a>  </td><td class="plainlinksneverexpand" align="left"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eol.org/pages/2774383&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock">2774383</a></td></tr><tr><td align="right" width="40%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossilworks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fossilworks (ჯერ არაა დაწერილი)">FW</a>  </td><td class="plainlinksneverexpand" align="left"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fossilworks.org/bridge.pl?action=taxonInfo&taxon_no=67149">67149</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>ხერხემლიანები</b>, <i>ქალიანები</i> (<a href="/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ლათინური ენა">ლათ.</a> <span lang="">Vertebrata ან Craniota</span>) — <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ცხოველები">ცხოველების</a> ქვეტიპი <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ქორდიანები">ქორდიანების</a> ტიპისა. ხერხემლიანების როგორც სხეულის აგებულება, ისე ფიზიოლოგიური მოქმედება განვითარების მაღალ დონეზეა. სხეული დაფარული აქვთ კანით, რომელიც უშუალო კონტაქტშია გარემოს ფაქტორთან,მონაწილეობს აირთა ცვლაში, ორგანოებიდან ნივთიერებათა დაშლის პროდუქტების გამოყოფაში. კანის წარმონაქმნებია <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ქერცლი (ჯერ არაა დაწერილი)">ქერცლი</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ბუმბული">ბუმბული</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="თმა">თმა</a> (და მისი სახეცვლილებანი), <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AD%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" class="mw-disambig" title="ბრჭყალები">ბრჭყალები</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჩლიქები">ჩლიქები</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ფრძხილები (ჯერ არაა დაწერილი)">ფრძხილები</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="რქები (ჯერ არაა დაწერილი)">რქები</a> და სხვა. კანში ბევრია ლორწოს გამომყოფი, სპეციფიკური თებოს, ოფლისა და სხვა ჯირკვალი. კანის ძირითად ნაწილს შეადგენს ეპიდერმისის ქვეშ მდებარე კორიუმი. კუნთოვანი სისტემა მძლავრი და დიფერენცირებულია. </p><p>ხერხემლიანებს აქვთ სამი ტიპის ჩონჩხი: შემაერთებელქსოვილოვანი, ხრტილოვანი და ძვლოვანი. ჩონჩხი შედგება <a href="/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ხერხემალი">ხერხემლის</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ქალა (ჯერ არაა დაწერილი)">ქალას</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="კიდურების სარტყლები (ჯერ არაა დაწერილი)">კიდურების სარტყლებისა</a> და თავისუფალი <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="კიდურები (ჯერ არაა დაწერილი)">კიდურების</a> ჩონჩხისაგან. გამოყოფილია ხერხემლის განყოფილებები: კისრის, მკერდის, წყლის, გავის და კუდისა. ზოგს ესა თუ ის განყოფილება არ გააჩნია. მალათა როგორც აგებულება, ისე რაოდენობა განსხვავებულია კლასების მიხედვით. ქალა შედგება ტვინის ქალას და სახის ქალასაგან. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ლიტერატურა"><span id=".E1.83.9A.E1.83.98.E1.83.A2.E1.83.94.E1.83.A0.E1.83.90.E1.83.A2.E1.83.A3.E1.83.A0.E1.83.90"></span>ლიტერატურა</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&veaction=edit&section=1" title="სექციის რედაქტირება:ლიტერატურა" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>რედაქტირება</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: ლიტერატურა"><span>წყაროს რედაქტირება</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>ჯანაშვილი ა.</i>, ქსე, ტ. 11, გვ. 472, თბ., 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