IIT: Un nuovo robot lombrico per le esplorazioni sotterranee del futuro

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data-srcset="https://www.gelestatic.it/thimg/uXiPb8Ss0Ql1xY76apmdTTHZlfo=/980x450/smart/filters:format(webp)/https://www.lescienze.it/images/2023/03/01/110854642-7eeb3787-9dcd-4542-9559-0b4dfe6a1d94.jpg" type="image/webp"> <source data-srcset="https://www.gelestatic.it/thimg/dLINZ1lzIFABga6xXpR93buiN1k=/390x0/smart/filters:format(webp)/https://www.lescienze.it/images/2023/03/01/110854642-7eeb3787-9dcd-4542-9559-0b4dfe6a1d94.jpg" type="image/webp"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-srcset="https://www.gelestatic.it/thimg/Zg5Te61Hkuzi3lz5Q_fG0y__tPM=/980x450/smart/https://www.lescienze.it/images/2023/03/01/110854642-7eeb3787-9dcd-4542-9559-0b4dfe6a1d94.jpg"> <img src="//www.repstatic.it/cless/main/dossier/2018-v1/img/common/lazy.png" data-src="https://www.gelestatic.it/thimg/Sx_2PguKnui7ERxy4pfmNYN4Vko=/390x0/smart/https://www.lescienze.it/images/2023/03/01/110854642-7eeb3787-9dcd-4542-9559-0b4dfe6a1d94.jpg" alt="" class="lazyload"> <noscript><img src="https://www.gelestatic.it/thimg/Zg5Te61Hkuzi3lz5Q_fG0y__tPM=/980x450/smart/https://www.lescienze.it/images/2023/03/01/110854642-7eeb3787-9dcd-4542-9559-0b4dfe6a1d94.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> <figcaption>© D.Farina/IIT </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="gedi-row"> <div class="gedi-column-12"> <div class="detail_summary"> Pubblicato su<em> Scientific Reports</em>, il prototipo robotico prende ispirazione dai lombrichi, imitando per la prima volta la loro morfologia e relativo funzionamento. Lungo 45 cm e pesante 605 grammi, è il primo modello di robot che potranno essere usati per l’esplorazione di spazi sotterranei, spazi limitati e altri pianeti </div> </div> </div> <div class="gedi-row"> <div class="gedi-column-8"> <div id="advHook-Middle1"></div>  <div class="detail_tag"> <strong class="argomento">Argomenti</strong> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.lescienze.it/argomento/robotica">robotica</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.lescienze.it/argomento/nanotecnologie">nanotecnologie</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="detail_body" id="detail-body"> Un gruppo di ricerca dell’Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) a Genova ha realizzato il primo softrobot ispirato alla biologia dei lombrichi, che è in grado di strisciare grazie a un corpo artificiale modulare allungabile e accorciabile quando attraversato da aria in pressione. Il prototipo è stato descritto sulla rivista internazionale Scientific Reports del gruppo Nature, e rappresenta un primo modello di tecnologia bioispirata applicabile in futuro per l’esplorazione sotterranea, in spazi confinati e di altri pianeti.<br> <br> La Natura offre numerosi esempi di animali che per muoversi ed esplorare l’ambiente usano la flessibilità del loro corpo e la capacità di generare onde lungo di esso, come per esempio  i serpenti, le lumache, i bruchi e i lombrichi. Alcuni di questi movimenti si trovano anche nelle radici delle piante.<br> <br><div id="adv-Bottom"></div> Il Laboratorio di BioInspired Soft robotics diretto da Barbara Mazzolai, Associate Director per la Robotica di IIT, ha proprio l’obiettivo di trarre ispirazione dalla natura e, nello stesso tempo, produrre nuove conoscenze sui fenomeni biologici. Il robot lombrico è l’ultima invenzione prodotta dal gruppo di ricerca; il prototipo è lungo 45 centimetri e pesante 605 grammi.<br> <br> La creazione del prototipo è stata possibile grazie allo studio dei meccanismi che guidano il movimento dei vermi nella terra. I lombrichi strisciano, sia dentro che sulla superficie del suolo, alternando la contrazione di strati muscolari, i quali generano onde peristaltiche retrogade. Il corpo, costituito da diversi singoli segmenti (metameri), è riempito da un fluido attraverso cui l’animale controlla la pressione interna per agire con forze verso l’esterno, e quindi mettere in movimento solo specifici metameri, in modo indipendente e localizzato, creando così delle configurazioni differenti.<br> Il gruppo di ricerca ha tradotto tali caratteristiche in nuove soluzioni robotiche, in particolare per replicare i movimenti muscolari, il volume costante della cavità interna (celoma) e la presenza di setole sul corpo.<br> I movimenti dei muscoli antagonisti sono stati replicati attraverso la realizzazione di attuatori soffici peristaltici (PSA); ogni attuatore può allungarsi o contrarsi quando l’aria viene pompata all’interno o all’esterno. L’intero corpo robotico è costituito da cinque di questi attuatori, collegati tra loro.<br> <br> Ogni attuatore è ricoperto da un materiale elastomerico che contiene una quantità fissa di fluido, riproducendo così le caratteristiche del celoma. Ogni segmento diventa più corto e più ampio nella circonferenza, spingendo verso l’esterno lungo la parte radiale, mentre i muscoli longitudinali della camera interna si contraggono. In modo antagonistico, i segmenti diventano più lunghi e sottili, con la contrazione dei muscoli presenti sulla conferenza, ottenendo così delle forze di penetrazione lungo l’asse.<br> <br> Ogni singolo attuatore può allungarsi di 10.97 millimetri con una pressione positiva di 1 bar e una massima compressione di 11.13 millimetri a una pressione negativa di 0.5; si hanno così in un solo unico modulo sia forze radiali che longitudinali. Il movimento del robot su superfici piane è stato ottimizzando inserendo piccole pastiglie di materiale ruvido per generare attrito passivo, ispirandosi così alle sete presenti sul corpo dei lombrichi. La velocità a cui il robot può muoversi è di circa of 1.35mm/s.<br> Le applicazioni che tali robot lombrichi potrebbero avere in future sono molteplici, dall’esplorazione sotterranea, dalle operazioni di scavo e ricerca, oltre che l’esplorazione di altri pianeti.<br> <br> <em>(La redazione di "Le Scienze" non è responsabile del testo di questo comunicato stampa, che è stato pubblicato integralmente e senza variazioni)</em> <script type="text/javascript"> if (!window.Zephr) window.Zephr = {}; if (!window.Zephr.outcomes) window.Zephr.outcomes = {}; window.Zephr.outcomes['lescienze_article'] = { featureLabel: 'lescienze_article', outcomeId: 'transformation/1', outcomeLabel: 'a_a_free' }; </script> </div>  <aside><div data-outbrain="short"></div></aside>  <div id="latest-subscription-message"> <p>Ogni venerdì, nella tua casella di posta elettronica, segnalazioni e anticipazioni dal sito e dalle nostre iniziative editoriali</p> <a 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