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class="content-area medium-9 columns"> <div class="header-title"> <h1 class="entry-title">Ocular Models of Pharmacology and Efficacy</h1> </div> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-1977" class="post-1977 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"> <div id="breadcrumb"> <div id="crumbs"><span class="crumb"><a href="https://www.compbio.com">Home</a></span> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> <span class="crumb"><a href="https://www.compbio.com/therapeutic-areas/">Therapeutic Areas</a></span> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> <span class="current">Ocular Models of Pharmacology and Efficacy</span></div> </div> <div class="right-top-cta"> <a href="https://www.compbio.com/contact-us/" class="button-green cta">Ask Our Experts</a> </div> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="the-content-contain"> <div class="row builder-row content-row"> <div class="medium-12 columns"> <h2><strong>Ocular Models of Pharmacology and Efficacy</strong></h2> <p>Comparative Biosciences, Inc. a premier ocular research CRO, provides a large variety of validated discovery and translational preclinical ophthalmic research studies including ocular efficacy, pharmacology, or in vivo indications. Our ophthalmic models include macular degeneration, retinopathies, inflammation, dry eye, glaucoma, and degenerative disease. We also have capabilities in ocular device implantation and evaluation. Further, we have capabilities in corneal epithelial and endothelial assessments. CBI scientists are available to discuss these models in more detail. We are also willing to work with our sponsors to develop unique or customized models.</p> <p>CBI provides special assessment techniques including, OCT <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=18&v=hUmU3X6eafQ"><em><strong>(See our OCT video)</strong></em></a>, ERG, gonioscopy, ocular ultrasound, tonometry, laser photocoagulation, slit lamp, funduscopy, retinal angiography, pachymetry, Schirmer and phenol red thread test, hypoxic or hyperoxic chambers.</p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1">CBI is also happy to be able to develop new, customized and novel ocular models in collaboration with our sponsors and to address special regulatory issues presented by the regulators.</span></p> <p><em><span class="s1"><b>We are happy to provide further information and validation data on our models upon request.</b></span></em></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>. For a full overview of our Ocular Studies, please download CBI Technical Bulletin:  <a href="https://www.compbio.com/files/CBI-Technical-Bulletin.Ocular.pdf?v=1712271342">CBI-Technical Bulletin.Ocular</a></strong></p> <p> </p> <h3>Validated Efficacy Ophthalmic Models available at CBI include:</h3> <p> </p> <p><strong>Models of Angiogenesis and Macular Degeneration</strong></p> <ul> <li>Choroidal neovascularization in mice, rats and pigs (laser-induced)</li> <li>Choroidal neovascularization in rabbits (laser-induced)</li> <li>Oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice and rats</li> <li>VEGF-induced choroidal neovascularization in rabbits</li> <li>Streptozotocin-induced retinopathy</li> <li>Senescent knockout mouse model of macular degeneration</li> </ul> <p><strong>Models of Inflammation</strong></p> <ul> <li>Melanin-antigen associated anterior auto-immune uveitis in Lewis rats</li> <li>IRBP-antigen associated posterior inflammation in rodents</li> <li>LPS-induced acute inflammation in rabbits and rodents</li> <li>Ovalbumin-induced immune mediated inflammation in rabbits</li> <li>F48/80-induced acute inflammation in rabbits</li> <li>Corneal infection</li> </ul> <p><strong>Models of Glaucoma</strong></p> <ul> <li>Laser-induced episcleral cautery for glaucoma in rats</li> <li>Chymotrypsin-induced glaucoma in rabbits</li> </ul> <p><strong>Models of Dry Eye</strong></p> <ul> <li>Concanavalin A-induced dry eye in rabbits</li> <li>Botulinum-induced dry eye in mice</li> <li>Scopolamine-induced dry eye in mice</li> <li>Atropine-induced dry eye in rabbit and mice</li> </ul> <p><strong>Device Implantation</strong></p> <ul> <li>Intraocular stents for glaucoma or drug delivery</li> <li>Corneal rings</li> <li>Punctal plugs</li> <li>Artificial lens insertion or removal</li> <li>Corneal surgery</li> <li>Corneal debridement</li> <li>Intraocular implants</li> <li>Corneal wound healing</li> <li>Endothelial damage or disease indications</li> </ul> <p><strong>Models of Corneal Injury, Inflammation and Healing</strong></p> <ul> <li>Heptanol-induced corneal erosion in rabbits</li> <li>Suture-induced inflammation in rodents</li> <li>Corneal incision</li> <li>Bacterial or infectious models of ocular inflammation</li> </ul> <p><strong>Models of Ocular Degeneration</strong></p> <ul> <li>MNU-induced retinitis pigmentosa</li> <li>Vitreal detachment</li> </ul> <p><strong>Contact Lens Testing</strong></p> <p><strong>Ocular Implants</strong></p> <ul> <li>Intraocular stents</li> <li>Punctal plugs,</li> <li>Drug delivery systems</li> <li>Glaucoma treatment</li> </ul> <p><strong>Hyper Oxygenation</strong></p> <ul> <li>Low or high oxygen chambers to induce oxygen-induced retinopathy of prematurity or pulmonary bronchodysplasia</li> </ul> <p><strong>Stem Cell Treatment and Administration</strong></p> <p><strong>Vitreal Detachment and Vitreal Integrity</strong></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Ocular Histopathology and </b></span><span class="s2"><b>Immunohistochemistry</b></span></p> <ul> <li>GLP histopathology for ocular toxicology studies: ocular examination of globe and adenexal structures</li> <li>Histopathologic examination of ocular tissues from research studies</li> <li><span class="s1">Ocular pharmacology models</span></li> <li>Ocular immunohistochemistry</li> <li>Retinal whole mount</li> </ul> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>Custom or Specialized Models</b></span></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><b>CBI is happy to design and develop novel models of ocular pharmacology and to address special issues related to ocular toxicology.</b></span></p> <p> </p> <h3><strong>Ocular Assessments</strong></h3> <p>CBI provides special techniques including, OCT <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=18&v=hUmU3X6eafQ"><em><strong>(See our OCT video)</strong></em></a>, ERG, ocular ultrasound, gonioscopy, tonometry, laser photocoagulation, slit lamp, funduscopy, pachymetry, Schirmer test, phenol red thread test, hypoxic or hyperoxic chambers, retinal angiography, device implantation, lens removal or insertion, whole mount preparation, ocular histology and immunohistochemistry and ocular photography.</p> <ul> <li>OCT</li> <li>Microscopy for Ocular Endothelium</li> <li>ERG</li> <li>Laser Photocoagulation</li> <li>Ocular Ultrasound</li> <li>Gonioscopy</li> <li>Slit Lamp Biomicroscopy</li> <li>Funduscopy and Angiography</li> <li>Tonometry</li> <li>Pachymetry</li> <li>Hyper or Hypo-oxic Chambers</li> <li>Schirmer and Phenol Red Thread Test</li> <li>Pupil Measurements</li> <li>Histology, Immunohistochemistry, Retinal Whole Mounts</li> </ul> <h3><strong>Ocular Routes of Administration</strong></h3> <ul> <li>Topical</li> <li>Intracameral</li> <li>Intrascleral</li> <li>Intrastromal</li> <li>Intravitreal</li> <li>Periocular</li> <li> Retrobulbar</li> <li> Subconjunctival</li> <li> Subretinal</li> <li> Subtenon</li> <li>Systemic Routes</li> <li> Trans-Scleral</li> <li>Implant or Device or Combination</li> <li>Contact Lens, Punctal Plugs</li> </ul> <h3><strong>Formulations for Ocular Efficacy Studies</strong></h3> <ul> <li>Injectables</li> <li>Topical Creams, Ointments, Gels, Drops</li> <li>Implant and Inserts</li> <li>Microspheres and Particles</li> <li>Patches</li> <li>Gene therapy and Regenerative Medicine</li> <li>Stem Cells</li> <li>Additional Formulations and Radiolabeled Studies are also available.</li> </ul> <h2></h2> <h2>Histology Images</h2> <figure id="attachment_4260" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4260" style="width: 204px" class="wp-caption alignleft"> <img class=" wp-image-4260" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/laser-induced-retinal-plaque-300x289.jpg?v=1712349997" alt="" width="204" height="196" srcset="https://www.compbio.com/images/laser-induced-retinal-plaque-300x289.jpg?v=1712349997 300w, https://www.compbio.com/images/laser-induced-retinal-plaque.jpg?v=1712350045 312w" sizes="(max-width: 204px) 100vw, 204px"> <figcaption id="caption-attachment-4260" class="wp-caption-text">Laser-Induced Retinal Plaque in Mini Pig</figcaption> </figure> <figure id="attachment_4345" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4345" style="width: 200px" class="wp-caption alignleft"> <img loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4345" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/lasered-retina-rat-New.jpg?v=1712350114" alt="" width="200" height="200" srcset="https://www.compbio.com/images/lasered-retina-rat-New.jpg?v=1712350114 177w, https://www.compbio.com/images/lasered-retina-rat-New-150x150.jpg?v=1712350122 150w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"> <figcaption id="caption-attachment-4345" class="wp-caption-text">Lasered Retina: Rat</figcaption> </figure> <figure id="attachment_4319" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4319" style="width: 208px" class="wp-caption alignleft"> <img loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4319" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/Laser-IHC-membrane-attack-complex-IHC-staining-retina-new1.jpg?v=1712350180" alt="" width="208" height="208" srcset="https://www.compbio.com/images/Laser-IHC-membrane-attack-complex-IHC-staining-retina-new1.jpg?v=1712350180 208w, https://www.compbio.com/images/Laser-IHC-membrane-attack-complex-IHC-staining-retina-new1-150x150.jpg?v=1712350186 150w" sizes="(max-width: 208px) 100vw, 208px"> <figcaption id="caption-attachment-4319" class="wp-caption-text">Laser-IHC Membrane Attack Complex IHC Staining: Retina</figcaption> </figure> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <figure id="attachment_4265" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4265" style="width: 203px" class="wp-caption alignleft"> <img loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4265" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/Normal-Rat-Eye-294x300.jpg?v=1712350241" alt="" width="203" height="208" srcset="https://www.compbio.com/images/Normal-Rat-Eye-294x300.jpg?v=1712350241 294w, https://www.compbio.com/images/Normal-Rat-Eye.jpg?v=1712350252 609w" sizes="(max-width: 203px) 100vw, 203px"> <figcaption id="caption-attachment-4265" class="wp-caption-text">Normal Rat Eye</figcaption> </figure> <figure id="attachment_4333" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4333" style="width: 206px" class="wp-caption alignleft"> <img loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4333" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/OCT-mouse-MR-300x300.jpg?v=1712350303" alt="" width="206" height="206" srcset="https://www.compbio.com/images/OCT-mouse-MR-300x300.jpg?v=1712350303 300w, https://www.compbio.com/images/OCT-mouse-MR-150x150.jpg?v=1712350310 150w, https://www.compbio.com/images/OCT-mouse-MR.jpg?v=1712350318 312w" sizes="(max-width: 206px) 100vw, 206px"> <figcaption id="caption-attachment-4333" class="wp-caption-text">Brown Norway Rat Examined by OCT</figcaption> </figure> <figure id="attachment_4344" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4344" style="width: 206px" class="wp-caption alignleft"> <img loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4344" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/Laser-Induced-Choroidal-Neovascularization-in-Rat.new_.jpg?v=1712350378" alt="" width="206" height="206" srcset="https://www.compbio.com/images/Laser-Induced-Choroidal-Neovascularization-in-Rat.new_.jpg?v=1712350378 177w, https://www.compbio.com/images/Laser-Induced-Choroidal-Neovascularization-in-Rat.new_-150x150.jpg?v=1712350387 150w" sizes="(max-width: 206px) 100vw, 206px"> <figcaption id="caption-attachment-4344" class="wp-caption-text">Laser Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Rat</figcaption> </figure> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <figure id="attachment_4266" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4266" style="width: 198px" class="wp-caption alignleft"> <img loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4266" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/OIR-retinal-vascular-proliferation.jpg?v=1712350468" alt="" width="198" height="209"> <figcaption id="caption-attachment-4266" class="wp-caption-text">OIR Retinal Vascular Proliferation</figcaption> </figure> <figure id="attachment_4264" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4264" style="width: 210px" class="wp-caption alignleft"> <img loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4264" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/MAA-uveitis-in-rat-300x292.jpg?v=1712350476" alt="" width="210" height="204" srcset="https://www.compbio.com/images/MAA-uveitis-in-rat-300x292.jpg?v=1712350476 300w, https://www.compbio.com/images/MAA-uveitis-in-rat.jpg?v=1712350481 370w" sizes="(max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px"> <figcaption id="caption-attachment-4264" class="wp-caption-text">MAA Uveitis in Rat</figcaption> </figure> <figure id="attachment_4267" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4267" style="width: 207px" class="wp-caption alignleft"> <img loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4267" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/Fluorescein-Angiography.jpg?v=1712350488" alt="" width="207" height="207" srcset="https://www.compbio.com/images/Fluorescein-Angiography.jpg?v=1712350488 177w, https://www.compbio.com/images/Fluorescein-Angiography-150x150.jpg?v=1712350495 150w" sizes="(max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px"> <figcaption id="caption-attachment-4267" class="wp-caption-text">*Fluorescein Angiography on Retinal Whole Mount</figcaption> </figure> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <figure id="attachment_4268" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4268" style="width: 206px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4268" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/Brightfield-Angiography-normal-eye-300x300.jpg?v=1713802117" alt="" width="206" height="206" srcset="https://www.compbio.com/images/Brightfield-Angiography-normal-eye-300x300.jpg?v=1713802117 300w, https://www.compbio.com/images/Brightfield-Angiography-normal-eye-150x150.jpg?v=1713802134 150w, https://www.compbio.com/images/Brightfield-Angiography-normal-eye.jpg?v=1713802151 445w" sizes="(max-width: 206px) 100vw, 206px"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-4268" class="wp-caption-text">*Brightfield Angiography: Normal Rat Eye</figcaption></figure> <figure id="attachment_4269" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4269" style="width: 207px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4269" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/Brightfield-Angiography-diabetic-eye-297x300.jpg?v=1713802280" alt="" width="207" height="209" srcset="https://www.compbio.com/images/Brightfield-Angiography-diabetic-eye-297x300.jpg?v=1713802280 297w, https://www.compbio.com/images/Brightfield-Angiography-diabetic-eye-150x150.jpg?v=1713802297 150w, https://www.compbio.com/images/Brightfield-Angiography-diabetic-eye.jpg?v=1713802311 441w" sizes="(max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-4269" class="wp-caption-text">*Brightfield Angiography: Diabetic Rat Eye</figcaption></figure> <figure id="attachment_4342" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4342" style="width: 211px" class="wp-caption alignleft"><img loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4342" src="https://www.compbio.com/images/optical-coherence-tomography.jpg?v=1713802357" alt="" width="211" height="209" srcset="https://www.compbio.com/images/optical-coherence-tomography.jpg?v=1713802357 177w, https://www.compbio.com/images/optical-coherence-tomography-150x150.jpg?v=1713802376 150w" sizes="(max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-4342" class="wp-caption-text">*Retina: Optical Coherence Tomography – OCT</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bottom-cta center"> <a href="https://www.compbio.com/contact-us/" class="button-green cta">Contact CBI</a> </div> </div> </article> </main> </div> </div> <div class="call-out"> <h3 class="content-left"><span class="line-one">Have a question</span> <span class="line-two">or need a 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