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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultural identity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Library_Network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Library_Network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Library Network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Library_Network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Romandy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandie" title="Romandie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Romandie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandie" title="Romandie – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Romandie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="روماندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روماندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romand%C3%ADa" title="Romandía – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Romandía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suisse_romanda" title="Suisse romanda – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Suisse romanda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Рамандыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рамандыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandia" title="Romandia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Romandia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandie" title="Romandie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Romandie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandiet" title="Romandiet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Romandiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandie" title="Romandie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Romandie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romand%C3%ADa" title="Romandía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Romandía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandio" title="Romandio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Romandio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandia" title="Romandia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Romandia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="روماندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روماندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suisse_romande" title="Suisse romande – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Suisse romande" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%ADza_romanda" title="Suíza romanda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Suíza romanda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%8C%EB%94%94" title="로만디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로만디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandia" title="Romandia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Romandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svizzera_romanda" title="Svizzera romanda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Svizzera romanda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="רומאנדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רומאנדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="რომანდია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რომანდია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandija" title="Romandija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Romandija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Романдија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Романдија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="روماندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روماندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandi%C3%AB" title="Romandië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Romandië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandie" title="Romandie – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romandie" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandie" title="Romandie – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Romandie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandia" title="Romandia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Romandia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%AD%C3%A7a_romanda" title="Suíça romanda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Suíça romanda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elve%C8%9Bia_francez%C4%83" title="Elveția franceză – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elveția franceză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svizra_romanda" title="Svizra romanda – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Svizra romanda" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Романдия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Романдия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Романдија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Романдија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandie" title="Romandie – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Romandie" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandiet" title="Romandiet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Romandiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="รอม็องดี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รอม็องดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Романдія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Романдія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandia" title="Romandia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Romandia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romandi%C3%AB" title="Romandië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Romandië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD%E5%8C%BA" title="瑞士法语区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瑞士法语区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Romandy&params=46.2000_N_6.1500_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°12′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°09′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.2000°N 6.1500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.2000; 6.1500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French-speaking part of Switzerland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"French Switzerland" and "Romande" redirect here. For the French language in Switzerland, see <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland#French" title="Languages of Switzerland">Languages of Switzerland § French</a>. For the variant of French used in Switzerland, see <a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">Swiss French</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Romand_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Romand (disambiguation)">Romand (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Romansh-speaking_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Romansh-speaking Switzerland">Romansh-speaking Switzerland</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cultural region of Switzerland in Switzerland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Romandy</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Romandie</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><br /><span style="font-size:80%;"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Welschland</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></span>, <span style="font-size:80%;"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Romandia</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></span>, <span style="font-size:80%;"><span title="Romansh-language text"><i lang="rm">Romanda</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Cultural region of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sprachen_CH_2000_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Language distribution in Switzerland by the year 2000. Romandy is shown in green"><img alt="Language distribution in Switzerland by the year 2000. Romandy is shown in green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sprachen_CH_2000_EN.svg/250px-Sprachen_CH_2000_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sprachen_CH_2000_EN.svg/375px-Sprachen_CH_2000_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sprachen_CH_2000_EN.svg/500px-Sprachen_CH_2000_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="546" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Language distribution in Switzerland by the year 2000. Romandy is shown in green</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Entire Cantons</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Parts of Cantons</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bernese_Jura" title="Bernese Jura">Bernese Jura</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Berne</a>) <br />Western Fribourg (<a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lower_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Valais">Lower Valais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,284 km<sup>2</sup> (3,198 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2019)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,951,187</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">235/km<sup>2</sup> (610/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">Swiss French</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Romandy</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Romandie</i> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Suisse romande</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Franco-Provençal">Arpitan</a>: <i>Romandia</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">French-speaking</a> historical and cultural region of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. In 2020, about 2 million people, or 22.8% of the Swiss population, lived in Romandy.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">romand</i></span> population lives in the western part of the country, especially the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva_region" title="Lake Geneva region">Arc Lémanique</a></i></span> region along <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a>, connecting <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Valais">Lower Valais</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">French</a> is the sole official language in four <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Swiss cantons</a>: <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a>. Additionally, French and German have co-official status in three cantons: <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg/Freiburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais/Wallis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Berne/Bern</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romandy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The adjective <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">romand</i></span></i> (feminine <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">romande</i></span></i>) is a regional dialectal variant of <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">roman</i></span></i> (modern French <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">romain</i></span></i>, i.e. "Roman"); in <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> used as a term for the Gallo-Romance vernaculars. Use of the adjective <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">romand</i></span></i> (with its unetymological final <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">-d</i></span></i>) in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Franco-Provençal</a> dialects can be traced to the 15th century; it is recorded, as <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">rommant</i></span></i>, in a document written in Fribourg in 1424 and becomes current in the 17th and 18th centuries in Vaud and Fribourg; it was adopted in Geneva in the 19th century, but its usage never spread outside of what is now French-speaking Switzerland. </p><p>The term <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Suisse romande</i></span></i> has become widely used since World War I;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before World War I and during the 19th century, the term <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Suisse française</i></span></i> "French Switzerland" was used, reflecting the cultural and political prestige of France (the canton of <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> having been created <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">by Napoleon</a> out of former Bernese subject territories, while Geneva, Valais and Jura were even briefly joined to France, as the <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9man_(department)" title="Léman (department)">Léman</a></i></span></i>, <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Simplon_(department)" title="Simplon (department)">Simplon</a></i></span></i> and <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Mont-Terrible" title="Mont-Terrible">Mont-Terrible</a></i></span></i> <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">départements</i></span></i>, respectively). <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Suisse romande</i></span></i> is used in contrast to <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Suisse alémanique</i></span></i> ("Alemannic Switzerland") the term for <a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic German</a> speaking Switzerland. Formed by analogy is <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Suisse italienne</i></span></i> ("Italian Switzerland"), which is composed of <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a> and of a part of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a></i></span>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a>, French-speaking Switzerland is known as <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Welschland</i></span></i> or <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Welschschweiz</i></span></i>, and the French-speaking Swiss as <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Welsche</i></span></i>, using the old Germanic term for non-Germanic speakers also used in English of <i><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></i> (see <i><span title="Proto-Germanic-language text">*<i lang="gem"><a href="/wiki/Walhaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Walhaz">Walhaz</a></i></span></i>). The terms <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Welschland</i></span></i> and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Welschschweiz</i></span></i> are also used in written <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">Swiss Standard German</a> but in more formal contexts they are sometimes exchanged for <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">französischsprachige Schweiz</i></span></i> ("French-speaking Switzerland") or <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">französische Schweiz</i></span></i> ("French Switzerland"). Simple <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Westschweiz</i></span></i> "western Switzerland" may also be used as a loose synonym. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romandy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Romandy" is not an official territorial division of Switzerland any more than there is a clear linguistic boundary. For instance, substantial parts of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">canton of Fribourg</a> and the western <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">canton of Bern</a> are traditionally bilingual, most prominently in <a href="/wiki/Seeland_(Switzerland)" title="Seeland (Switzerland)">Seeland</a> around the lakes of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Morat" title="Lake Morat">Morat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Lake Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Biel" title="Lake Biel">Bienne</a> (Biel). French is the sole official language in four <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Swiss cantons</a>: <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a>; and the co-official language – along with German – in the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French speakers forming the majority of the population in the regions of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Valais">Lower Valais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Jura" title="Bernese Jura">Bernese Jura</a> and Fribourg francophone ("French-speaking <a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a>"). Bernese Jura is an administrative division of the Canton of Bern,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the two others are informal denominations. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="7">French is the sole official language in the following cantons: </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_coats_of_arms_of_cantons_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags and coats of arms of cantons of Switzerland">Arms</a><sup id="cite_ref-:7_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Canton of </th> <th scope="col">Joined<br />Switzerland </th> <th scope="col">Capital </th> <th scope="col">Population<br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Density</a><br />(per km<sup>2</sup>)<br /> </th></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Vaud"><img alt="Coat of arms of Vaud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg/37px-Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg/49px-Wappen_Waadt_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Vaud">Vaud</a> </th> <td>1803 </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> </td> <td>814,762<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_VD_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_VD-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3,212 </td> <td>247 </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Genf_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Geneva"><img alt="Coat of arms of Geneva" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Genf_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Genf_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Genf_matt.svg/37px-Wappen_Genf_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wappen_Genf_matt.svg/49px-Wappen_Genf_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva</a> </th> <td>1815 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> </td> <td>506,343<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_GE_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_GE-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>282 </td> <td>1,756 </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Neuchâtel"><img alt="Coat of arms of Neuchâtel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg/37px-Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg/49px-Wappen_Neuenburg_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> </th> <td>1815/1857 </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> </td> <td>175,894<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_NE_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_NE-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>802 </td> <td>222 </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Jura_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Jura"><img alt="Coat of arms of Jura" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Wappen_Jura_matt.svg/25px-Wappen_Jura_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Wappen_Jura_matt.svg/37px-Wappen_Jura_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Wappen_Jura_matt.svg/49px-Wappen_Jura_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a> </th> <td>1979 </td> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a> </td> <td>73,709<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_JU_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_JU-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>839 </td> <td>87 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Three regions located in French-German bilingual cantons have a French-speaking majority: </td></tr> <tr> <th>Region </th> <th>Canton of </th> <th>Joined<br />Switzerland </th> <th>Largest city </th> <th>Population <p><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th>Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Density</a><br />(per km<sup>2</sup>)<br /> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg francophone</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>Fribourg/Freiburg </td> <td>1481 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg/Freiburg</a> </td> <td>235,069<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,264<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>186 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lower_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Valais">Lower Valais</a><sup id="cite_ref-:5_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Valais">Valais/Wallis</a> </td> <td>1815 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martigny" title="Martigny">Martigny</a> </td> <td>122,718<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,344 </td> <td>91 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bernese_Jura" title="Bernese Jura">Bernese Jura</a><sup id="cite_ref-:6_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a> </td> <td>1814 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moutier" title="Moutier">Moutier</a> </td> <td>53,721<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>541 </td> <td>99 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Romandy </th> <th>Geneva </th> <th>1 951 187 </th> <th>8 284 </th> <th>235 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romandy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Geography of Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva_region" title="Lake Geneva region">Lake Geneva region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seeland_(Switzerland)" title="Seeland (Switzerland)">Seeland (Switzerland)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saane/Sarine" title="Saane/Sarine">Saane/Sarine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Valais">Lower Valais</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fribourg_fran%C3%A7ais_2000.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Fribourg_fran%C3%A7ais_2000.png/195px-Fribourg_fran%C3%A7ais_2000.png" decoding="async" width="195" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Fribourg_fran%C3%A7ais_2000.png/294px-Fribourg_fran%C3%A7ais_2000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Fribourg_fran%C3%A7ais_2000.png/391px-Fribourg_fran%C3%A7ais_2000.png 2x" data-file-width="6006" data-file-height="9548" /></a><figcaption>French-speaking population in the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Canton of Fribourg</a> in 2000.</figcaption></figure> <p>The linguistic boundary between French and German is known as <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben" title="Röstigraben">Röstigraben</a></i></span></i> (lit. "<i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6sti" title="Rösti">rösti</a></i> ditch", adopted in Swiss French as <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">barrière de rösti</i></span></i>). The term is humorous in origin and refers both to the geographic division and to perceived cultural differences between the Romandy and the German-speaking Swiss majority. The term can be traced to the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">WWI period</a>, but it entered mainstream usage in the 1970s in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurassic separatism">Jurassic separatism</a> virulent at the time. </p><p>The linguistic boundary cuts across Switzerland north-to-south, forming the eastern boundary of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">canton of Jura</a> and then encompassing the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Jura" title="Bernese Jura">Bernese Jura</a>, where the boundary frays to include a number of bilingual communities, the largest of which is <a href="/wiki/Biel/Bienne" title="Biel/Bienne">Biel/Bienne</a>. It then follows the border between <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a> and turns south towards <a href="/wiki/Murten" title="Murten">Morat</a>, again traversing an areal of traditional bilinguism including the communities of Morat and <a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a>. It divides the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">canton of Fribourg</a> into a western French-speaking majority and an eastern German-speaking minority and then follows the eastern boundary of <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> with the upper <a href="/wiki/Saane/Sarine" title="Saane/Sarine">Saane/Sarine</a> valley of the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Oberland" title="Bernese Oberland">Bernese Oberland</a>. Cutting across the <a href="/wiki/High_Alps" title="High Alps">High Alps</a> at <a href="/wiki/Les_Diablerets" title="Les Diablerets">Les Diablerets</a>, the boundary then separates the French-speaking <a href="/wiki/Lower_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Valais">Lower Valais</a> from the Alemannic-speaking <a href="/wiki/Upper_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Valais">Upper Valais</a> beyond <a href="/wiki/Sierre" title="Sierre">Sierre</a>. It then cuts southwards into the High Alps again, separating the <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Anniviers" title="Val d'Anniviers">Val d'Anniviers</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Mattertal" title="Mattertal">Mattertal</a>. </p><p>Historically, the linguistic boundary in the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a> would have more or less followed the <a href="/wiki/Aare" title="Aare">Aare</a> during the early medieval period, separating <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a> (where the <a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a> did not impose their Germanic language on the Gallo-Roman population) from <a href="/wiki/Alamannia" title="Alamannia">Alemannia</a>; in the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Switzerland">High Middle Ages</a>, the boundary gradually shifted westward and now more or less corresponds to the western boundary of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Z%C3%A4hringen" title="House of Zähringen">Zähringer</a> possessions, which fell under <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bern" title="History of Bern">Bernese</a> rule in the late medieval period, and does not follow any obvious topographical features. The Valais has a separate linguistic history; here, the entire valley, as far as it was settled, would have been Gallo-Roman speaking until its upper parts were settled by <a href="/wiki/Highest_Alemannic_German" title="Highest Alemannic German">Highest Alemannic</a> speakers entering from the Bernese Oberland in the high medieval period (see <a href="/wiki/Walser" class="mw-redirect" title="Walser">Walser</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romandy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">Swiss French</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_and_Arpitan_sign_in_Saint-Gingolph_(Switzerland).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/French_and_Arpitan_sign_in_Saint-Gingolph_%28Switzerland%29.jpg/220px-French_and_Arpitan_sign_in_Saint-Gingolph_%28Switzerland%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/French_and_Arpitan_sign_in_Saint-Gingolph_%28Switzerland%29.jpg/330px-French_and_Arpitan_sign_in_Saint-Gingolph_%28Switzerland%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/French_and_Arpitan_sign_in_Saint-Gingolph_%28Switzerland%29.jpg/440px-French_and_Arpitan_sign_in_Saint-Gingolph_%28Switzerland%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>A road sign in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gingolph" title="Saint-Gingolph">Saint-Gingolph</a>, Valais</i></span>, spelling a <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Franco-Provençal</a> greeting <i><span title="Arpitan-language text"><i lang="frp">bondzo!</i></span></i> alongside the Standard French <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">bienvenue</i></span></i> (2013 photograph).</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally speaking the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Franco-Provençal or <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Patois</i></span></i></a> dialects of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Burgundy" title="Upper Burgundy">Upper Burgundy</a>, the <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">romand</i></span></i> population now speak a <a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">variety of Standard French</a>. </p><p>Today, the differences between Swiss French and <a href="/wiki/Standard_French" title="Standard French">Parisian French</a> are minor and mostly lexical, although remnants of dialectal lexicon or phonology may remain more pronounced in rural speakers. In particular, some parts of the Swiss Jura participate in the <a href="/wiki/Frainc-Comtou_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Frainc-Comtou dialect"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Frainc-Comtou</i></span> dialect</a> spoken in the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a></i></span> region of France. </p><p>Since the 1970s, there has been a limited amount of <a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">linguistic revivalism</a> of Franco-Provençal dialects, which are often now called <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Arpitan</i></span></i> (a 1980s neologism derived from the dialectal form of the word <i>alpine</i>) and their area <a href="/wiki/Arpitania" title="Arpitania">Arpitania</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_identity">Cultural identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romandy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cultural identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cultural identity of the Romandy is supported by <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Suisse" title="Radio Télévision Suisse">Radio Télévision Suisse</a></i></span> and the universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Fribourg" title="University of Fribourg">Fribourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lausanne" title="University of Lausanne">Lausanne</a> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="University of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></i></span>. </p><p>Historically, most of the Romandy has been strongly Protestant, especially <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinist</a>; <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> was one of the earliest and most important Calvinist centres. However, Roman Catholicism continued to predominate in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura</a></i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a></i></span>, and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a></i></span>. In recent decades, due to significant immigration from France and Southern European countries, Catholics can now be found throughout the region. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Romandie" title="Tour de Romandie">Tour de Romandie</a> is an annual cycling event on the <a href="/wiki/UCI_World_Tour" title="UCI World Tour">UCI World Tour</a>, often considered to be an important race in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Library_Network">Library Network</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romandy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Library Network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland" title="Library Network of Western Switzerland">Library Network of Western Switzerland</a> is in the region of Romandy. </p><p>It is a collection of Libraries of Western Switzerland that are based in the region of Romandy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romandy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Western_Switzerland#Q214086" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Western Switzerland">Western Switzerland</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Languages of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">Swiss French</a></li> <li><i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben" title="Röstigraben">Röstigraben</a></i></span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_separatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurassic separatism">Jurassic separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernese_Jura" title="Bernese Jura">Bernese Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva_region" title="Lake Geneva region">Lake Geneva region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodanic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodanic Republic">Rhodanic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arpitania" title="Arpitania">Arpitania</a></li> <li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></i></span></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romandy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the term French Switzerland (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Suisse française</i>) was <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pages.rts.ch/emissions/geopolitis/5334326-suisse-francaise-suisse-romande-le-virage-de-14-18.html">also used</a>. (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Romandie</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ʁomɑ̃ˈdiː]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/01\/De-Romandie.ogg\/De-Romandie.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Romandie.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/De-Romandie.ogg/De-Romandie.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Romandie.ogg" title="File:De-Romandie.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Welschland</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Romandia</i>, <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Romanda</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:7_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cantonal coats of arms shown with cantonal heraldic colors (<i>Standesfarben</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See references for dates</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Two-thirds of the residents of the Canton of Fribourg are French speakers. All districts of the canton have a French-speaking majority except <a href="/wiki/See_District,_Fribourg" title="See District, Fribourg">See</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sense_District" title="Sense District">Sense</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Only districts with a French-speaking majority included.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">90% French speakers. The region includes 8 out of the 13 districts of the canton of Valais.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">90% French speakers. Since 2010, the Bernese Jura has been an administrative arrondissement of the canton of Bern.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romandy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806213408/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/01/02/blank/data/01.Document.67224.xls"><i>Bilan de la population résidante permanente (total) selon les districts et les communes</i></a>, Statistique suisse, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/01/02/blank/data/01.Document.67224.xls">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> on 6 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2010</span></cite><span 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Switzerland_topics" title="Template talk:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Switzerland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Major topics</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Swiss_history" title="Timeline of Swiss history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland" title="Early history of Switzerland">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCtli_Oath" title="Rütli Oath">Rütli Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">Early Modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_in_Switzerland" title="Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">World wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Switzerland" title="Modern history of Switzerland">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Switzerland" title="Military history of Switzerland">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Switzerland" title="List of wars involving Switzerland">list of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Switzerland" title="Historiography of Switzerland">Historiography</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Physiographic areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">BE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">BS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">GE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">JU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">OW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">SG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">SH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">SO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">SZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">TG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">TI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">UR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">VD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">VS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">ZG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">ZH</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of cities in Switzerland">list of cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Switzerland" title="NUTS statistical regions of Switzerland">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Switzerland" title="List of earthquakes in Switzerland">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Switzerland" title="List of extreme points of Switzerland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Switzerland" title="Fauna of Switzerland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Switzerland" title="Forests of Switzerland">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Switzerland" title="List of glaciers in Switzerland">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrology_of_Switzerland" title="Hydrology of Switzerland">Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Switzerland" title="List of islands of Switzerland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Switzerland" title="List of lakes of Switzerland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_in_Switzerland" title="List of mountain passes in Switzerland">Mountain passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prominent_mountains_of_Switzerland" title="List of prominent mountains of Switzerland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_parks_in_Switzerland" title="Nature parks in Switzerland">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Switzerland" title="List of rivers of Switzerland">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_courts_of_Switzerland" title="Federal courts of Switzerland">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_administration_of_Switzerland" title="Federal administration of Switzerland">Federal administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Human rights in Switzerland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Switzerland">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Switzerland" title="Law of Switzerland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Switzerland" title="Law enforcement in Switzerland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Redoubt_(Switzerland)" title="National Redoubt (Switzerland)">National Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Switzerland" title="List of political parties in Switzerland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative_in_Switzerland" title="Popular initiative in Switzerland">Popular initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland" title="Voting in Switzerland">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_decree" title="Federal decree">Federal decree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Switzerland" title="Economy of Switzerland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Switzerland" title="Economic history of Switzerland">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland" title="Agriculture in Switzerland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Switzerland" title="List of banks in Switzerland">Private banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Switzerland" title="List of companies of Switzerland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Franc <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Switzerland" title="Science and technology in Switzerland">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_made" title="Swiss made">Swiss made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Switzerland" title="Taxation in Switzerland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Switzerland" title="Telecommunications in Switzerland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Switzerland" title="Tourism in Switzerland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Switzerland" title="Trade unions in Switzerland">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Switzerland" title="Transport in Switzerland">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Switzerland" title="List of airports in Switzerland">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_main_roads" title="List of Swiss main roads">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Society of Switzerland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Switzerland" title="Abortion in Switzerland">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Switzerland" title="Capital punishment in Switzerland">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Switzerland" title="Conscription in Switzerland">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Switzerland" title="Corruption in Switzerland">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Switzerland" title="Crime in Switzerland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland" title="Education in Switzerland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Switzerland" title="Euthanasia in Switzerland">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Switzerland" title="Firearms regulation in Switzerland">Firearms regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Switzerland" title="Health in Switzerland">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Switzerland" title="Healthcare in Switzerland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Switzerland" title="Homelessness in Switzerland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Switzerland" title="Human trafficking in Switzerland">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Switzerland" title="Immigration to Switzerland">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_system_in_Switzerland" title="Pension system in Switzerland">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_Switzerland" title="List of prisons in Switzerland">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Switzerland" title="Poverty in Switzerland">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Switzerland" title="Prostitution in Switzerland">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Switzerland" title="Social security in Switzerland">Social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Policy_in_Switzerland" title="Public Welfare Policy in Switzerland">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Switzerland" title="Women in Switzerland">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Switzerland" title="Culture of Switzerland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Psalm" title="Swiss Psalm">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Switzerland" title="Architecture of Switzerland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" title="Flag of Switzerland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben" title="Röstigraben">Röstigraben</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_literature" title="Swiss literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Switzerland" title="Mass media in Switzerland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Switzerland" title="Public holidays in Switzerland">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Day" title="Swiss National Day">National Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Switzerland" title="Sport in Switzerland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Switzerland" title="National symbols of Switzerland">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Inventory_of_Cultural_Property_of_National_and_Regional_Significance" title="Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance">Cultural Property of National Significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Switzerland" title="Category:Switzerland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214086#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214086#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214086#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315160387">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1692658/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4194045-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Switzerland, French-speaking"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85131348">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553536605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/017441">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output 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