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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prehistoric_inhabitants_of_early_Des_Moines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistoric_inhabitants_of_early_Des_Moines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Prehistoric inhabitants of early Des Moines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistoric_inhabitants_of_early_Des_Moines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_of_Fort_Des_Moines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_Fort_Des_Moines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Origin of Fort Des Moines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_Fort_Des_Moines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Early settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_of_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_of_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Era of growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Era_of_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"City_Beautiful"_project,_decline_and_rebirth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"City_Beautiful"_project,_decline_and_rebirth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>"City Beautiful" project, decline and rebirth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"City_Beautiful"_project,_decline_and_rebirth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Metropolitan area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2020 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2010 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>2000 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts_and_theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Arts and theater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Festivals and events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Parks and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commercial_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>Commercial stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-commercial_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-commercial_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.2</span> <span>Non-commercial stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-commercial_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Des Moines, Iowa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 129 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-129" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">129 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%9E%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95" title="ደሞይን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ደሞይን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C4%81_M%C5%ABnecas" title="Þā Mūnecas – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Þā Mūnecas" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D8%A2%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7)" title="دي موين (آيوا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دي موين (آيوا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/De-Moyn" title="De-Moyn – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="De-Moyn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="دز موینز، ایووا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دز موینز، ایووا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8,_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ডি মোয়েন, আইওয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডি মোয়েন, আইওয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Де-Мойн – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Де-Мойн" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дэ-Мойн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэ-Мойн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Дэ-Мойн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дэ-Мойн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Де Мойн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Де Мойн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(kapital_sa_estado)" title="Des Moines (kapital sa estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Des Moines (kapital sa estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haltsotah_A%C5%82hidiil%C3%ADinii" title="Haltsotah Ałhidiilíinii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Haltsotah Ałhidiilíinii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%B9%CE%BD_(%CE%86%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B1)" title="Ντε Μόιν (Άιοβα) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντε Μόιν (Άιοβα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iovao)" title="Des Moines (Iovao) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Des Moines (Iovao)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="دموین، آیووا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دموین، آیووا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3_(%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%A4%D9%88%D8%A7)" title="دس مؤینس (آیؤوا) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="دس مؤینس (آیؤوا)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B4_%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌳𐌴 𐌼𐍅𐌰𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌳𐌴 𐌼𐍅𐌰𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%B8" title="디모인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디모인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Դե Մոյն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դե Մոյն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="डी मोइन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डी मोइन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Де-Мойн – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Де-Мойн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F" title="דה מוין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דה מוין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="დე-მოინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დე-მოინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Де Мойн (Айова) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Де Мойн (Айова)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Дэс Мойнс (Айова) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дэс Мойнс (Айова)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Де-Мойн (Айова) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Де-Мойн (Айова)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monachopolis" title="Monachopolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Monachopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demoina" title="Demoina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Demoina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Moinas" title="Di Moinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Di Moinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Де Мојн – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Де Мојн" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D,_%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5" title="ഡെസ് മോയിൻസ്, ഐയവ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡെസ് മോയിൻസ്, ഐയവ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%A8_(%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE)" title="दे मॉईन (आयोवा) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दे मॉईन (आयोवा)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="დე-მოინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დე-მოინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="دى موين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دى موين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3" title="دس موینس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دس موینس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="दि मोइन, आयोवा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दि मोइन, आयोवा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3_(%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AF%E5%B7%9E)" title="デモイン (アイオワ州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デモイン (アイオワ州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Де-Мойн – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Де-Мойн" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87" title="डेस् म्वाने – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="डेस् म्वाने" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ڈس موئنس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈس موئنس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Де-Мойн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Де-Мойн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87" title="डे माय्ने – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="डे माय्ने" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B3_%D9%85%DB%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8E%D8%B3" title="دێس مۆینێس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دێس مۆینێس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Де Мојн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Де Мојн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="டி மொயின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டி மொயின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Де-Мойн – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Де-Мойн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="ดิมอยน์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดิมอยน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Де-Мойн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Де-Мойн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="دی موین، آئیووا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دی موین، آئیووا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines (Iowa) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Des Moines (Iowa)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Moin" title="De Moin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="De Moin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%97%E6%A2%85%E5%9B%A0" title="得梅因 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="得梅因" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A2_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F" title="דע מוין – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דע מוין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E8%8E%AB%E5%9B%A0" title="迪莫因 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="迪莫因" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Des Moines, Iowa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Moins" title="De Moins – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="De Moins" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%9B%A0" title="德梅因 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德梅因" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines" title="Des Moines – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Des Moines" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/De-Mojn" title="De-Mojn – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="De-Mojn" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Des Moines" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Des Moines (disambiguation)">Des Moines (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State capital city in Iowa, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Des Moines</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:173px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Morning_Skyline_-_Des_Moines,_Iowa_-_Winter_on_the_Des_Moines_River_(24805016620).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Morning_Skyline_-_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_-_Winter_on_the_Des_Moines_River_%2824805016620%29.jpg/288px-Morning_Skyline_-_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_-_Winter_on_the_Des_Moines_River_%2824805016620%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Morning_Skyline_-_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_-_Winter_on_the_Des_Moines_River_%2824805016620%29.jpg/432px-Morning_Skyline_-_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_-_Winter_on_the_Des_Moines_River_%2824805016620%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Morning_Skyline_-_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_-_Winter_on_the_Des_Moines_River_%2824805016620%29.jpg/576px-Morning_Skyline_-_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_-_Winter_on_the_Des_Moines_River_%2824805016620%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5515" data-file-height="3330" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">The skyline of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Des_Moines" title="Downtown Des Moines">Downtown Des Moines</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fowl_Scene_at_the_Iowa_Capitol_(50850152211).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fowl_Scene_at_the_Iowa_Capitol_%2850850152211%29.jpg/142px-Fowl_Scene_at_the_Iowa_Capitol_%2850850152211%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fowl_Scene_at_the_Iowa_Capitol_%2850850152211%29.jpg/213px-Fowl_Scene_at_the_Iowa_Capitol_%2850850152211%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Fowl_Scene_at_the_Iowa_Capitol_%2850850152211%29.jpg/284px-Fowl_Scene_at_the_Iowa_Capitol_%2850850152211%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6525" data-file-height="4350" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Capitol" title="Iowa State Capitol">Iowa State Capitol</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iowa_State_Fair_attendees_(53133649099).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Iowa_State_Fair_attendees_%2853133649099%29.jpg/142px-Iowa_State_Fair_attendees_%2853133649099%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Iowa_State_Fair_attendees_%2853133649099%29.jpg/213px-Iowa_State_Fair_attendees_%2853133649099%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Iowa_State_Fair_attendees_%2853133649099%29.jpg/284px-Iowa_State_Fair_attendees_%2853133649099%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Fair" title="Iowa State Fair">Iowa State Fair</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:133px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DesMoinesBotanicalCenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/DesMoinesBotanicalCenter.jpg/288px-DesMoinesBotanicalCenter.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/DesMoinesBotanicalCenter.jpg/432px-DesMoinesBotanicalCenter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/DesMoinesBotanicalCenter.jpg/576px-DesMoinesBotanicalCenter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="278" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Des_Moines_Botanical_Garden" title="Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden">Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Ambrose_Cathedral_-_Des_Moines_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/St._Ambrose_Cathedral_-_Des_Moines_04.jpg/150px-St._Ambrose_Cathedral_-_Des_Moines_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/St._Ambrose_Cathedral_-_Des_Moines_04.jpg/225px-St._Ambrose_Cathedral_-_Des_Moines_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/St._Ambrose_Cathedral_-_Des_Moines_04.jpg/300px-St._Ambrose_Cathedral_-_Des_Moines_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/St._Ambrose_Cathedral_(Des_Moines)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Ambrose Cathedral (Des Moines)">St. Ambrose Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Municipal_Building_Des_Moines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Municipal_Building_Des_Moines.jpg/134px-Municipal_Building_Des_Moines.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Municipal_Building_Des_Moines.jpg/201px-Municipal_Building_Des_Moines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Municipal_Building_Des_Moines.jpg/268px-Municipal_Building_Des_Moines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_City_Hall" title="Des Moines City Hall">Des Moines City Hall</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Des_Moines,_Iowa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Des Moines"><img alt="Flag of Des Moines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.svg/122px-Flag_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="122" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.svg/183px-Flag_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.svg/244px-Flag_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="325" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Flag of Des Moines, Iowa">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Des_Moines,_Iowa.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Des Moines"><img alt="Official seal of Des Moines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Seal_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.png/100px-Seal_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Seal_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.png/150px-Seal_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Seal_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.png/200px-Seal_of_Des_Moines%2C_Iowa.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="352" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NewDesMoinesLogo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Des Moines"><img alt="Official logo of Des Moines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d4/NewDesMoinesLogo.png/122px-NewDesMoinesLogo.png" decoding="async" width="122" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d4/NewDesMoinesLogo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="65" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._county_and_city_insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. county and city insignia">Logo</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Niceville USA", "<a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a> of the West"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="10" data-lat="41.5908" data-lon="-93.6208" data-overlays="["_625b87f947c938c2607448efebcde2187a56c05e"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/41.5908/-93.6208/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,41.5908,-93.6208,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Des_Moines%2C_Iowa&revid=1257991275&groups=_625b87f947c938c2607448efebcde2187a56c05e" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,41.5908,-93.6208,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Des_Moines%2C_Iowa&revid=1257991275&groups=_625b87f947c938c2607448efebcde2187a56c05e 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Des Moines</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Iowa_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Des Moines is located in Iowa"><img alt="Des Moines is located in Iowa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/USA_Iowa_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Iowa_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/USA_Iowa_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Iowa_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/USA_Iowa_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Iowa_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="791" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.262%;left:46.075%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Des Moines"><img alt="Des Moines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Des Moines</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Iowa</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Iowa</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Des Moines is located in the United States"><img alt="Des Moines is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.103%;left:53.849%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Des Moines"><img alt="Des Moines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Des Moines</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Des Moines is located in North America"><img alt="Des Moines is located in North America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1185" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.88%;left:55.779%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Des Moines"><img alt="Des Moines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Des Moines</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Des Moines (North America)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of North America</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Des_Moines,_Iowa&params=41_35_27_N_93_37_15_W_region:US-IA_type:city(214133)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°35′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">93°37′15″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.59083°N 93.62083°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.59083; -93.62083</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="477" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Iowa" title="List of counties in Iowa">Counties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Polk County, Iowa">Polk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Warren County, Iowa">Warren</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1843<span class="noprint">; 181 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1843</span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">September 22, 1851<span class="noprint">; 173 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1851-09-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Council–manager">Council–manager</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_City_Council" title="Des Moines City Council">Des Moines City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Connie_Boesen" title="Connie Boesen">Connie Boesen</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Senate" title="Iowa Senate">Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Senate list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Matt_McCoy_(Iowa_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matt McCoy (Iowa politician)">Matt McCoy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradford_Zaun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradford Zaun (page does not exist)">Bradford Zaun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Hatch" title="Jack Hatch">Jack Hatch</a> (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Dearden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Dearden (page does not exist)">Richard Dearden</a> (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Noble" title="Larry Noble">Larry Noble</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Iowa_House_of_Representatives" title="Iowa House of Representatives">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>House list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jo_Oldson" title="Jo Oldson">Jo Oldson</a> (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hunter_(Iowa_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Hunter (Iowa politician)">Bruce Hunter</a> (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Petersen" title="Janet Petersen">Janet Petersen</a> (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Ford_(politician)" title="Wayne Ford (politician)">Wayne Ford</a> (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ako_Abdul-Samad" title="Ako Abdul-Samad">Ako Abdul-Samad</a> (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Meyer_(politician)" title="Brian Meyer (politician)">Brian Meyer</a> (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Olson_(Iowa_politician)" title="Rick Olson (Iowa politician)">Rick Olson</a> (D)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Walt_Tomenga" title="Walt Tomenga">Walt Tomenga</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Iowa%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Iowa's 3rd congressional district">U.S. Congress</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zach_Nunn" title="Zach Nunn">Zach Nunn</a> (R)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">90.70 sq mi (234.92 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">88.18 sq mi (228.38 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">2.52 sq mi (6.54 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">873 ft (266 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">214,133</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">111th</a><br />IA: <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Iowa_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest Iowa cities by population">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,428.39/sq mi (937.60/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">542,486 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">78th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,413.8/sq mi (932.0/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">709,466 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas">81st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">CSA</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">890,322 (US: <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">65th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">50301-50340-50310-50316</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_515" title="Area code 515">515</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19-21000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:465961">465961</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmgov.org/">www<wbr />.dmgov<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Des Moines</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɔɪ/: 'oi' in 'choice'">ɔɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/79\/DesMoines.ogg\/DesMoines.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"DesMoines.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/DesMoines.ogg/DesMoines.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:DesMoines.ogg" title="File:DesMoines.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">də-<span style="font-size:90%">MOYN</span></i></a>) is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Iowa" title="List of cities in Iowa">most populous city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Polk County, Iowa">Polk County</a> with parts extending into <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Warren County, Iowa">Warren County</a>. It was incorporated on September 22, 1851, as <b>Fort Des Moines</b>, which was shortened to "Des Moines" in 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located on, and named after, the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_River" title="Des Moines River">Des Moines River</a>, which likely was adapted from the early French name, <i>Rivière des Moines,</i> meaning "River of the <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monks</a>". The city's population was 214,133 as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cen2020_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cen2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_metropolitan_area" title="Des Moines metropolitan area">six-county metropolitan area</a> is ranked 81st in terms of population in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, with 709,466 residents according to the 2020 census by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, and is the largest <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan area</a> fully located within the state.<sup id="cite_ref-msapop_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msapop-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Des Moines is a major center of the United States insurance industry and has a sizable financial-services and publishing business base. The city is the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/Principal_Financial_Group" title="Principal Financial Group">Principal Financial Group</a>, Ruan Transportation, TMC Transportation, EMC Insurance Companies, and <a href="/wiki/Wellmark_Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield" title="Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield">Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield</a>. Other major corporations such as <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cognizant" title="Cognizant">Cognizant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voya_Financial" title="Voya Financial">Voya Financial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Mutual_Insurance_Company" title="Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company">Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chubb_Limited" title="Chubb Limited">ACE Limited</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corteva" title="Corteva">Corteva</a> have large operations in or near the metropolitan area. In recent years, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have built data-processing and logistical facilities in the Des Moines area. </p><p>Des Moines is an important city in U.S. presidential politics; as the state's capital, it is the site of the first <a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucuses" title="Iowa caucuses">caucuses</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">presidential primary</a> cycle. Many presidential candidates set up campaign headquarters in Des Moines. A 2007 article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> said, "If you have any desire to witness presidential candidates in the most close-up and intimate of settings, there is arguably no better place to go than Des Moines."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Des Moines takes its name from Fort Des Moines (1843–46), which was named for the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_River" title="Des Moines River">Des Moines River</a>. This was adopted from the name given by <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonists</a>. <i>Des Moines</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[de<span class="wrap"> </span>mwan]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/71\/DesMoines1.ogg\/DesMoines1.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"DesMoines1.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/DesMoines1.ogg/DesMoines1.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:DesMoines1.ogg" title="File:DesMoines1.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; formerly <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[de<span class="wrap"> </span>mwɛn]</a></span>) translates literally to either "from the monks" or "of the monks". </p><p>One popular interpretation of "Des Moines" concludes that it refers to a group of French <a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappist monks</a>, who in the 17th century lived in huts built on top of what is now known as the ancient <a href="/wiki/Monks_Mound" title="Monks Mound">Monks Mound</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a>, the major center of <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a>, which developed in what is present-day Illinois, east of the Mississippi River and the city of <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>. This was some 200 miles (320 km) from the Des Moines River.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoric_inhabitants_of_early_Des_Moines">Prehistoric inhabitants of early Des Moines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistoric inhabitants of early Des Moines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indians_of_Des_Moines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Indians_of_Des_Moines.png/220px-Indians_of_Des_Moines.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Indians_of_Des_Moines.png/330px-Indians_of_Des_Moines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Indians_of_Des_Moines.png/440px-Indians_of_Des_Moines.png 2x" data-file-width="2569" data-file-height="3242" /></a><figcaption>Map of prehistoric and historic American Indian sites in downtown Des Moines<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Based on archaeological evidence, the junction of the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_River" title="Des Moines River">Des Moines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raccoon_River" title="Raccoon River">Raccoon Rivers</a> has attracted humans for at least 7,000 years. Several prehistoric occupation areas have been identified by archaeologists in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Des_Moines" title="Downtown Des Moines">downtown Des Moines</a>. Discovered in December 2010, the "<a href="/wiki/Palace_Site" title="Palace Site">Palace</a>" is an expansive 7,000-year-old site found during excavations prior to construction of the new wastewater treatment plant in southeast Des Moines. It contains well-preserved house deposits and numerous graves. More than 6,000 artifacts were found at this site. State of Iowa archaeologist John Doershuk was assisted by <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a> archaeologists at this dig.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least three Late Prehistoric villages, dating from about AD 1300 to 1700, stood in or near what developed later as downtown Des Moines. In addition, 15 to 18 prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> mounds were observed in the area by early settlers. All have been destroyed during development of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DMIndians_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMIndians-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_of_Fort_Des_Moines">Origin of Fort Des Moines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origin of Fort Des Moines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Timeline of Des Moines, Iowa">Timeline of Des Moines, Iowa</a>.</div> <p>Des Moines traces its origins to May 1843, when Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Allen_(Army_engineer)" title="James Allen (Army engineer)">James Allen</a> supervised the construction of a fort on the site where the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers merge. Allen wanted to use the name Fort Raccoon; however, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._War_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. War Department">U.S. War Department</a> preferred Fort Des Moines. The fort was built to control the <a href="/wiki/Sauk_people" title="Sauk people">Sauk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meskwaki" title="Meskwaki">Meskwaki</a> peoples, whom the government had moved to the area from their traditional lands in eastern Iowa. The fort was abandoned in 1846 after the Sauk and Meskwaki were removed from the state and shifted to the Indian Territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Forts_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forts-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sauk and Meskwaki did not fare well in Des Moines. The illegal whiskey trade, combined with the destruction of traditional lifeways, led to severe problems for their society. One newspaper reported: </p> <blockquote><p>"It is a fact that the location of Fort Des Moines among the Sac and Fox Indians (under its present commander) for the last two years, had corrupted them more and lowered them deeper in the scale of vice and degradation, than all their intercourse with the whites for the ten years previous".<sup id="cite_ref-Forts_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forts-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>After official <a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Removal">removal</a>, the Meskwaki continued to return to Des Moines until around 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-DMIndians_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMIndians-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeological excavations have shown that many fort-related features survived under what is now <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Parkway_(Des_Moines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Parkway (Des Moines)">Martin Luther King Jr. Parkway</a> and First Street.<sup id="cite_ref-Forts_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forts-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soldiers stationed at Fort Des Moines opened the first coal mines in the area, mining coal from the riverbank for the fort's blacksmith.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_settlement">Early settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birds_Run_Site_Des_Moines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Birds_Run_Site_Des_Moines.jpg/170px-Birds_Run_Site_Des_Moines.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Birds_Run_Site_Des_Moines.jpg/255px-Birds_Run_Site_Des_Moines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Birds_Run_Site_Des_Moines.jpg/340px-Birds_Run_Site_Des_Moines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="1746" /></a><figcaption>Excavation of the prehistoric component of the Bird's Run Site in Des Moines</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flood_at_Fort_Des_Moines_in_1851_-_History_of_Iowa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flood_at_Fort_Des_Moines_in_1851_-_History_of_Iowa.jpg/220px-Flood_at_Fort_Des_Moines_in_1851_-_History_of_Iowa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flood_at_Fort_Des_Moines_in_1851_-_History_of_Iowa.jpg/330px-Flood_at_Fort_Des_Moines_in_1851_-_History_of_Iowa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flood_at_Fort_Des_Moines_in_1851_-_History_of_Iowa.jpg/440px-Flood_at_Fort_Des_Moines_in_1851_-_History_of_Iowa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Flood of Des Moines, 1851</figcaption></figure> <p>Settlers occupied the abandoned fort and nearby areas. On May 25, 1846, the state legislature designated Fort Des Moines as the seat of Polk County. Arozina Perkins, a school teacher who spent the winter of 1850–1851 in the town of Fort Des Moines, was not favorably impressed: </p> <blockquote><p>This is one of the strangest looking "cities" I ever saw... This town is at the juncture of the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers. It is mostly a level prairie with a few swells or hills around it. We have a court house of "brick" and one church, a plain, framed building belonging to the Methodists. There are two taverns here, one of which has a most important little bell that rings together some fifty boarders. I cannot tell you how many dwellings there are, for I have not counted them; some are of logs, some of brick, some framed, and some are the remains of the old <a href="/wiki/Dragoon" title="Dragoon">dragoon</a> houses... The people support two papers and there are several dry goods shops. I have been into but four of them... Society is as varied as the buildings are. There are people from nearly every state, and Dutch, Swedes, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In May 1851, much of the town was destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Flood_of_1851" title="Flood of 1851">Flood of 1851</a>. "The Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers rose to an unprecedented height, inundating the entire country east of the Des Moines River. Crops were utterly destroyed, houses and fences swept away."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city started to rebuild from scratch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Era_of_growth">Era of growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Era of growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 22, 1851, Des Moines was incorporated as a city; the charter was approved by voters on October 18. In 1857, the name "Fort Des Moines" was shortened to "Des Moines", and it was designated as the second state capital, previously at <a href="/wiki/Iowa_City,_Iowa" title="Iowa City, Iowa">Iowa City</a>. Growth was slow during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> period, but the city exploded in size and importance after a railroad link was completed in 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1864, the Des Moines Coal Company was organized to begin the first systematic mining in the region. Its first mine, north of town on the river's west side, was exhausted by 1873. The Black Diamond mine, near the south end of the West Seventh Street Bridge, sank a 150-foot (46 m) <a href="/wiki/Shaft_mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaft mining">mine shaft</a> to reach a 5-foot-thick (1.5 m) coal bed. By 1876, this mine employed 150 men and shipped 20 carloads of coal per day. By 1885, numerous mine shafts were within the city limits, and mining began to spread into the surrounding countryside. By 1893, 23 mines were in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-lees_coal_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lees_coal-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1908, Des Moines' coal resources were largely exhausted.<sup id="cite_ref-hinds_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hinds-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912, Des Moines still had eight locals of the <a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="United Mine Workers">United Mine Workers</a> union, representing 1,410 miners.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was about 1.7% of the city's population in 1910. </p><p>By 1880, Des Moines had a population of 22,408, making it Iowa's largest city. It displaced the three Mississippi River ports: Burlington, Dubuque, and Davenport, that had alternated holding the position since the territorial period. Des Moines has remained Iowa's most populous city. In 1910, the Census Bureau reported Des Moines' population as 97.3% white and 2.7% black, reflecting its early settlement pattern primarily by ethnic Europeans.<sup id="cite_ref-census_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""City_Beautiful"_project,_decline_and_rebirth"><span id=".22City_Beautiful.22_project.2C_decline_and_rebirth"></span>"City Beautiful" project, decline and rebirth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: "City Beautiful" project, decline and rebirth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Birthplace_of_Des_Moines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Birthplace_of_Des_Moines.jpg/220px-Birthplace_of_Des_Moines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Birthplace_of_Des_Moines.jpg/330px-Birthplace_of_Des_Moines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Birthplace_of_Des_Moines.jpg/440px-Birthplace_of_Des_Moines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption>The Barney Sakulin cabin, moved from Washington County, memorializes Fort Des Moines.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A2738-19a_small.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/A2738-19a_small.jpg/220px-A2738-19a_small.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/A2738-19a_small.jpg/330px-A2738-19a_small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/A2738-19a_small.jpg/440px-A2738-19a_small.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4956" data-file-height="3321" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> in Des Moines on June 30, 1966, near 5th Avenue and the (now-demolished) Hotel Franklin</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Iowa State Capitol building in 1917" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Capitol.jpg/220px-The_Capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Capitol.jpg/330px-The_Capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Capitol.jpg/440px-The_Capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="571" /></a><figcaption>Iowa State Capitol building, 1917</figcaption></figure> <p>At the turn of the 20th century, encouraged by the Civic Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Women%27s_Club" title="Des Moines Women's Club">Des Moines Women's Club</a>, Des Moines undertook a "<a href="/wiki/City_Beautiful" class="mw-redirect" title="City Beautiful">City Beautiful</a>" project in which large <a href="/wiki/Beaux_Arts_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaux Arts (architecture)">Beaux Arts</a> public buildings and fountains were constructed along the Des Moines River. The former <a href="/wiki/Old_Downtown_Des_Moines_Library" title="Old Downtown Des Moines Library">Des Moines Public Library building</a> (now the home of the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Prize" title="World Food Prize">World Food Prize</a>); the United States <a href="/wiki/U.S._Post_Office_(Des_Moines,_Iowa)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Post Office (Des Moines, Iowa)">central Post Office</a>, built by the federal government (now the Polk County Administrative Building, with a newer addition); and the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_City_Hall" title="Des Moines City Hall">City Hall</a> are surviving examples of the 1900–1910 buildings. They form the <a href="/wiki/Civic_Center_Historic_District_(Des_Moines,_Iowa)" title="Civic Center Historic District (Des Moines, Iowa)">Civic Center Historic District</a>. </p><p>The ornate riverfront balustrades that line the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers were built by the federal <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Conservation_Corps" title="Civilian Conservation Corps">Civilian Conservation Corps</a> in the mid-1930s, during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> under Democratic President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, as a project to provide local employment and improve infrastructure. The ornamental fountains that stood along the riverbank were buried in the 1950s when the city began a postindustrial decline that lasted until the late 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has since rebounded, transforming from a blue-collar industrial city to a white-collar professional city. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FEMA_-_2938_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_07-19-1993_in_Iowa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/FEMA_-_2938_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_07-19-1993_in_Iowa.jpg/220px-FEMA_-_2938_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_07-19-1993_in_Iowa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/FEMA_-_2938_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_07-19-1993_in_Iowa.jpg/330px-FEMA_-_2938_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_07-19-1993_in_Iowa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/FEMA_-_2938_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_07-19-1993_in_Iowa.jpg/440px-FEMA_-_2938_-_Photograph_by_Andrea_Booher_taken_on_07-19-1993_in_Iowa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>An aerial view of floodwaters, July 19, 1993</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1907, the city adopted a <a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">city commission government</a> known as the Des Moines Plan, comprising an elected mayor and four commissioners, all elected <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a>, who were responsible for public works, public property, public safety, and finance. Considered progressive at the time, it diluted the votes of ethnic and national minorities, who generally could not command a majority to elect a candidate of their choice. </p><p>That form of government was scrapped in 1950 in favor of a <a href="/wiki/Council-manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Council-manager">council-manager</a> government, with the council members elected at-large. In 1967, the city changed its government to elect four of the seven city council members from <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a> or wards, rather than at-large. This enabled a broader representation of voters. As with many major urban areas, the city core began losing population to the suburbs in the 1960s (the peak population of 208,982 was recorded in 1960), as highway construction led to new residential construction outside the city. The population was 198,682 in 2000 and grew slightly to 200,538 in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-citypop_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypop-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growth of the outlying suburbs has continued, and the overall metropolitan-area population is over 700,000 today. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1993" title="Great Flood of 1993">Great Flood of 1993</a>, heavy rains throughout June and early July caused the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers to rise above flood stage levels. The Des Moines Water Works was submerged by floodwaters during the early morning hours of July 11, 1993, leaving an estimated 250,000 people without running water for 12 days and without drinking water for 20 days. Des Moines suffered major flooding again in June 2008 with a major <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levee</a> breach.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Des Moines River is controlled upstream by <a href="/wiki/Saylorville_Lake" title="Saylorville Lake">Saylorville Reservoir</a>. In both 1993 and 2008, the flooding river overtopped the reservoir spillway. </p><p>Today, Des Moines is a member of <a href="/wiki/ICLEI_Local_Governments_for_Sustainability_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability USA">ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability USA</a>. Through ICLEI, Des Moines has implemented "The Tomorrow Plan", a regional plan focused on developing central Iowa in a sustainable fashion, centrally-planned growth, and resource consumption to manage the local population.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Des_Moines_Iowa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Des_Moines_Iowa.jpg/220px-Des_Moines_Iowa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Des_Moines_Iowa.jpg/330px-Des_Moines_Iowa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Des_Moines_Iowa.jpg/440px-Des_Moines_Iowa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption>Astronaut photography of Des Moines taken from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Des_Moines,_Iowa_aerial_01A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_aerial_01A.jpg/220px-Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_aerial_01A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_aerial_01A.jpg/330px-Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_aerial_01A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_aerial_01A.jpg/440px-Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_aerial_01A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Des Moines, 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has an area of 90.65 square miles (234.78 km<sup>2</sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which 88.93 square miles (230.33 km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 1.73 square miles (4.48 km<sup>2</sup>) is covered by water.<sup id="cite_ref-Gazetteer_files_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer_files-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is 850 feet (260 m) above sea level at the confluence of the Raccoon and Des Moines Rivers. </p><p>In November 2005, Des Moines voters approved a measure that allowed the city to annex parcels of land in the northeast, southeast, and southern corners of Des Moines without agreement by local residents, particularly areas bordering the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Highway_5" title="Iowa Highway 5">Iowa Highway 5</a>/<a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_65_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 65 in Iowa">U.S. 65</a> bypass. The annexations became official on June 26, 2009, as 5,174 acres (20.94 km<sup>2</sup>) and around 868 new residents were added to the city of Des Moines.<sup id="cite_ref-annex_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annex-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional 759 acres (3.07 km<sup>2</sup>) were voluntarily annexed to the city over that same period.<sup id="cite_ref-annex_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annex-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_area">Metropolitan area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Metropolitan area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_metropolitan_area" title="Des Moines metropolitan area">Des Moines metropolitan area</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Iowa" title="List of tallest buildings in Iowa">List of tallest buildings in Iowa</a></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:708px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Des_Moines_c1907_LOC_pan_6a05088.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1906 panorama, with the Iowa State Capitol in center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Des_Moines_c1907_LOC_pan_6a05088.jpg/700px-Des_Moines_c1907_LOC_pan_6a05088.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Des_Moines_c1907_LOC_pan_6a05088.jpg/1050px-Des_Moines_c1907_LOC_pan_6a05088.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Des_Moines_c1907_LOC_pan_6a05088.jpg/1400px-Des_Moines_c1907_LOC_pan_6a05088.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2803" data-file-height="631" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Des_Moines_c1907_LOC_pan_6a05088.jpg" title="File:Des Moines c1907 LOC pan 6a05088.jpg"> </a></div>A 1906 panorama, with the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Capitol" title="Iowa State Capitol">Iowa State Capitol</a> in center</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DesMoinesIowaSkyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/DesMoinesIowaSkyline.jpg/280px-DesMoinesIowaSkyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/DesMoinesIowaSkyline.jpg/420px-DesMoinesIowaSkyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/DesMoinesIowaSkyline.jpg/560px-DesMoinesIowaSkyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Downtown Des Moines night skyline looking northwest</figcaption></figure> <p>The skyline of Des Moines changed in the 1970s and the 1980s, when several new skyscrapers were built. Additional skyscrapers were built in the 1990s, including Iowa's tallest. Before then, the 19-story <a href="/wiki/Equitable_Building_(Des_Moines)" title="Equitable Building (Des Moines)">Equitable Building</a>, from 1924, was the tallest building in the city and the tallest building in Iowa. The 25-story <a href="/wiki/Financial_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Center">Financial Center</a> was completed in 1973 and the 36-story <a href="/wiki/Ruan_Center" title="Ruan Center">Ruan Center</a> was completed in 1974. They were later joined by the 33-story <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Marriott_Hotel" title="Des Moines Marriott Hotel">Des Moines Marriott Hotel</a> (1981), the 25-story <a href="/wiki/HUB_Tower" title="HUB Tower">HUB Tower</a> and 25-story <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Building_(Des_Moines,_Iowa)" title="Plaza Building (Des Moines, Iowa)">Plaza Building</a> (1985). Iowa's tallest building, <a href="/wiki/Principal_Financial_Group" title="Principal Financial Group">Principal Financial Group</a>'s 45-story tower at <a href="/wiki/801_Grand" title="801 Grand">801 Grand</a> was built in 1991, and the 19-story <a href="/wiki/EMC_Insurance_Building" title="EMC Insurance Building">EMC Insurance Building</a> was erected in 1997. </p><p>During this time period, the <a href="/wiki/Civic_Center_of_Greater_Des_Moines" title="Civic Center of Greater Des Moines">Civic Center of Greater Des Moines</a> (1979) was developed; it hosts Broadway shows and special events. Also constructed were the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Des_Moines_Botanical_Garden" title="Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden">Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden</a> (1979), a large city botanical garden/greenhouse on the east side of the river; the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Events_Center#Polk_County_Convention_Complex" title="Iowa Events Center">Polk County Convention Complex</a> (1985), and the State of Iowa Historical Museum (1987). The Des Moines <a href="/wiki/Skyway" title="Skyway">skywalk</a> also began to take shape during the 1980s. The skywalk system is 4 miles (6.4 km) long and connects many downtown buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 21st century, the city has had more major construction in the downtown area. The new <a href="/wiki/Science_Center_of_Iowa" title="Science Center of Iowa">Science Center of Iowa</a> and Blank IMAX Dome Theater and the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Events_Center" title="Iowa Events Center">Iowa Events Center</a> opened in 2005. The new central branch of the Des Moines Public Library, designed by renowned architect <a href="/wiki/David_Chipperfield" title="David Chipperfield">David Chipperfield</a> of London, opened on April 8, 2006. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Prize" title="World Food Prize">World Food Prize</a> Foundation, which is based in Des Moines, completed adaptation and restoration of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Library_of_Des_Moines" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Library of Des Moines">former Des Moines Public Library</a> building in October 2011. The former library now serves as the home and headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a>/World Food Prize Hall of Laureates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the center of North America and far removed from large bodies of water, the Des Moines area has a hot summer type <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Dfa</i>), with warm to hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters. Summer temperatures can often climb into the 90 °F (32 °C) range, occasionally reaching 100 °F (38 °C). Humidity can be high in spring and summer, with frequent afternoon <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorms</a>. Fall brings pleasant temperatures and colorful <a href="/wiki/Fall_foliage" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall foliage">fall foliage</a>. Winters vary from moderately cold to bitterly cold, with low temperatures venturing below 0 °F (−18 °C) quite often. Snowfall averages 36.5 inches (93 cm) per season, and annual precipitation averages 36.55 inches (928 mm), with a peak in the warmer months. Winters are slightly colder than <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, but still warmer than <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, with summer temperatures being very similar between the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a> metropolitan areas. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_International_Airport" title="Des Moines International Airport">Des Moines International Airport</a>, Iowa (1991–2020 normals,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extremes 1878–present<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78<br />(26) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">110<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">110<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74<br />(23) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">110<br />(43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.4<br />(11.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.7<br />(14.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.6<br />(23.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.9<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.9<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.1<br />(33.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.2<br />(35.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.4<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.3<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.3<br />(28.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4<br />(21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.8<br />(14.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">97.4<br />(36.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(−0.6) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.2<br />(9.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.0<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.4<br />(22.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.9<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.6<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.6<br />(28.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.9<br />(24.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.4<br />(17.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3<br />(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60.5<br />(15.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(−5.4) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(−2.8) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.4<br />(4.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.3<br />(10.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.2<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.0<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.9<br />(23.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.2<br />(11.8) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(4.1) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(−2.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">50.9<br />(10.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(−10.1) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(−7.8) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(−1.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(4.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.3<br />(11.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.4<br />(19.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.2<br />(17.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.4<br />(13.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.9<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(−1.0) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(−6.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.3<br />(5.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(−22.1) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(−19.3) </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(−12.7) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(−3.9) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.2<br />(10.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.9<br />(13.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.8<br />(12.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.4<br />(4.7) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(−10.8) </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(−18.4) </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−11.4<br />(−24.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30<br />(−34) </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26<br />(−32) </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−22<br />(−30) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(−13) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(−3) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47<br />(8) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(4) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(−3) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(−14) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10<br />(−23) </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−22<br />(−30) </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−30<br />(−34) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.08<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.34<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.17<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.02<br />(102) </td> <td style="background: #38FF38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.24<br />(133) </td> <td style="background: #30FF30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.26<br />(134) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.82<br />(97) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.17<br />(106) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.18<br />(81) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.78<br />(71) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.91<br />(49) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.58<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.55<br />(928) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #000098; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(24) </td> <td style="background: #000054; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(26) </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.51) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(6.9) </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(20) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.5<br />(93) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.51) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.76) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.3<br />(26) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">113.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.0 </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.3 </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.9 </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.2 </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.0 </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.8 </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.7 </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0 </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.9 </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.5 </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.0 </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.6 </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">68.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">157.7 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.3 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206.0 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">222.2 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.0 </td> <td style="background: #F3F317; color:#000000;" class="notheme">312.1 </td> <td style="background: #F7F720; color:#000000;" class="notheme">337.8 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">297.9 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239.8 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.0 </td> <td style="background: #C0C020; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138.5 </td> <td style="background: #BABA46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">129.2 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,690.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)<sup id="cite_ref-Weather_Atlas_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city has the largest African American population in Iowa.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>502</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>3,965</td><td></td><td>689.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>12,035</td><td></td><td>203.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>22,408</td><td></td><td>86.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>50,093</td><td></td><td>123.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>62,139</td><td></td><td>24.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>86,368</td><td></td><td>39.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>126,468</td><td></td><td>46.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>142,559</td><td></td><td>12.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>159,819</td><td></td><td>12.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>177,965</td><td></td><td>11.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>208,982</td><td></td><td>17.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>201,404</td><td></td><td>−3.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>191,003</td><td></td><td>−5.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>193,187</td><td></td><td>1.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>198,682</td><td></td><td>2.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>203,433</td><td></td><td>2.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>214,133</td><td></td><td>5.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">210,381</td><td></td><td>−1.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cen2020_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cen2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Demographic profile</th> <th>2020<sup id="cite_ref-cen2020_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cen2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2010<sup id="cite_ref-census1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>1990<sup id="cite_ref-census_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>1970<sup id="cite_ref-census_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>1950<sup id="cite_ref-census_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a></td> <td>64.5%</td> <td>76.4%</td> <td>89.2%</td> <td>93.8%</td> <td>95.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td> —<a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic</a></td> <td>61.0%</td> <td>70.5%</td> <td>87.8%</td> <td>92.7%<sup id="cite_ref-fifteen_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fifteen-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black or African American</a></td> <td>11.7%</td> <td>10.2%</td> <td>7.1%</td> <td>5.7%</td> <td>4.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (of any race)</td> <td>15.6%</td> <td>12.0%</td> <td>2.4%</td> <td>1.3%<sup id="cite_ref-fifteen_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fifteen-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a></td> <td>6.8%</td> <td>4.4%</td> <td>2.4%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>− </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption>Racial and ethnic composition as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a><sup id="cite_ref-2020-census-1921000-P2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020-census-1921000-P2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-US_Census_Bureau,_Table_P1:_RACE_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Census_Bureau,_Table_P1:_RACE-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race or Ethnicity<br /> <i>(NH = Non-Hispanic)</i> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Race Alone </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total <sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> (NH) </td> <td>61.0% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">61</span><div style="width:122px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td> <td>64.5% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">64.5</span><div style="width:129px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>— </td> <td> </td> <td>15.6% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">15.6</span><div style="width:31.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American</a> (NH) </td> <td>11.5% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">11.5</span><div style="width:23px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td> <td>11.7% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">11.7</span><div style="width:23.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> (NH) </td> <td>6.7% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">6.7</span><div style="width:13.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td> <td>6.8% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">6.8</span><div style="width:13.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> (NH) </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">0.3</span><div style="width:0.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">0.7</span><div style="width:1.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> (NH) </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">0.06</span><div style="width:0.12px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">0.06</span><div style="width:0.12px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">0.4</span><div style="width:0.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td> <td>6.6% </td> <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">6.6</span><div style="width:13.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a> counted 214,133 people, 87,958 households, and 48,599 families in Des Moines.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-data.census.gov_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data.census.gov-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population density was 2,428.4 per square mile (937.6/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 95,082 housing units at an average density of 1,078.3 per square mile (416.3/km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-data.census.gov_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data.census.gov-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The racial makeup (including Hispanics in the racial counts) was 64.54% (138,200) <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">white</a> or <a href="/wiki/European_American" class="mw-redirect" title="European American">European American</a> (60.99% <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic White">non-Hispanic white</a>), 11.68% (25,011) <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">black</a> or <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African-American</a>, 0.69% (1,474) <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a>, 6.76% (14,474) <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.06% (135) <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a> or <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a>, 6.62% (14,178) from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 9.65% (20,661) from <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">two or more races</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-US_Census_Bureau,_Table_P1:_RACE_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Census_Bureau,_Table_P1:_RACE-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The racial and ethnic makeup (where Hispanics are excluded from the racial counts and placed in their own category) was 60.99% (130,599) <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 11.46% (24,538) <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">Black alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 0.28% (597) <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 6.70% (14,348) <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 0.06% (124) <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 0.38% (817) <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">Other Race alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 4.50% (9,630) <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial or Mixed Race (non-Hispanic)</a>, and 15.64% (33,480) <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2020 census population of the city included 252 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 2,378 people in student housing.<sup id="cite_ref-2020-P5-1921000_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020-P5-1921000-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the 87,958 households, 28.0% had children under the age of 18; 35.5% were married couples living together; 31.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 35.3% of households consisted of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.<sup id="cite_ref-data.census.gov_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data.census.gov-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average household size was 2.5 and the average family size was 3.3.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The percent of those with a bachelor's degree or higher was estimated to be 19.9% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the population age 25 and over, 86.7% were high school graduates or higher and 27.9% had a bachelor's degree or higher.<sup id="cite_ref-2020-SocChar-1921000_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020-SocChar-1921000-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>23.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.7 males.<sup id="cite_ref-data.census.gov_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data.census.gov-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 104.4 males.<sup id="cite_ref-data.census.gov_53-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data.census.gov-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2016-2020 5-year <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> estimates show that the median household income was $54,843 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,544) and the median family income was $66,420 (+/- $1,919).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Males had a median income of $38,326 (+/- $1,405) versus $29,855 (+/- $1,327) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $33,699 (+/- $740).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately, 12.1% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>, including 24.3% of those under the age of 18 and 9.8% of those ages 65 or over.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_census">2010 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2010 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Des_Moines_(5560433688).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Des_Moines_%285560433688%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Des_Moines_%285560433688%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Des_Moines_%285560433688%29.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Des_Moines_%285560433688%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Des_Moines_%285560433688%29.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Des_Moines_%285560433688%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009" /></a><figcaption>Map of racial distribution in Des Moines, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:#ff0000;"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> White</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:#0000ff;"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Black</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:#00ffaa;"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Asian</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:#ffa600;"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Hispanic</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid white;background-color:white; color:black;color:#ffff07;"><span class="legend-text" style="font-family: monospace, monospace;">⬤</span></span> Other</span></figcaption></figure> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> of 2010, there were 203,433 people, 81,369 households, and 47,491 families residing in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Population density</a> was 2,515.6 inhabitants per square mile (971.3/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 88,729 housing units at an average density of 1,097.2 per square mile (423.6/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city for <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated areas">unincorporated areas</a> not merged with the city proper was 66.2% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 15.5% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African Americans</a>, 0.5% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a>, 4.0% <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asian</a>, and 2.6% from <a href="/wiki/Two_or_more_races" class="mw-redirect" title="Two or more races">Two or more races</a>. People of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> origin, of any race, made up 12.1% of the population. The city's racial make up during the 2010 census was 76.4% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 10.2% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.5% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 4.4% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a> (1.2% Vietnamese, 0.9% Laotian, 0.4% Burmese, 0.3% Asian Indian, 0.3% Thai, 0.2% Chinese, 0.2% Cambodian, 0.2% Filipino, 0.1% Hmong, 0.1% Korean, 0.1% Nepalese), 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 5.0% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (U.S. Census)">other races</a>, and 3.4% from two or more races. People of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> origin, of any race, formed 12.0% of the population (9.4% Mexican, 0.7% Salvadoran, 0.3% Guatemalan, 0.3% Puerto Rican, 0.1% Honduran, 0.1% Ecuadorian, 0.1% Cuban, 0.1% Spaniard, 0.1% Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_Whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic Whites">Non-Hispanic Whites</a> were 70.5% of the population in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-census1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Des Moines also has a sizeable <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sudanese">South Sudanese</a> community.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were 81,369 households, of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.9% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.6% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.11. </p><p>The median age in the city was 33.5 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.4% were from 25 to 44; 23.9% were from 45 to 64; and 11% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_census">2000 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2000 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of the 2000 census, there were 198,682 people, 80,504 households, and 48,704 families in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population density was 2,621.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,012.1/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 85,067 housing units at an average density of 1,122.3 per square mile (433.3/km<sup>2</sup>). The <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census#Census_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">racial makeup</a> of the city was 82.3% <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">white</a>, 8.07% <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black</a>, 0.35% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a>, 3.50% Asian, 0.05% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander American">Pacific Islander</a>, 3.52% from <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census#Census_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">other races</a>, and 2.23% from two or more races. 6.61% of the population were <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> of any race. 20.9% were of <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a>, 10.3% Irish, 9.1% "American" and 8.0% English ancestry, according to <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">Census 2000</a>. </p><p>There were 80,504 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.7% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.5% were non-families. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.04. </p><p>The age distribution was 24.8% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males. </p><p>The median income for a household in the city was $38,408, and the median income for a family was $46,590. Males had a median income of $31,712 versus $25,832 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,467. About 7.9% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.9% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those ages 65 or over. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width:350px;"> <caption>Des Moines' top non-government employers (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-CAFRDM_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAFRDM-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Employer </th> <th># of<br />employees </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo & Co.</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">13,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UnityPoint_Health" title="UnityPoint Health">UnityPoint Health</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">8,026 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Principal_Financial_Group" title="Principal Financial Group">Principal Financial Group</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">6,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MercyOne_Des_Moines_Medical_Center" title="MercyOne Des Moines Medical Center">MercyOne</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">4,276 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">3,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Mutual_Insurance_Company" title="Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company">Nationwide/Allied Insurance</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">3,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Deere" title="John Deere">John Deere</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">2,884 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corteva" title="Corteva">Corteva</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">2,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">1,721 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wellmark_Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield" title="Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield">Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; padding-right:0.5em;">1,600 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many insurance companies are headquartered in Des Moines, including the <a href="/wiki/Principal_Financial_Group" title="Principal Financial Group">Principal Financial Group</a>, EMC Insurance Group, <a href="/wiki/Fidelity_%26_Guaranty_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidelity & Guaranty Life">Fidelity & Guaranty Life</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allied_Insurance" title="Allied Insurance">Allied Insurance</a>, <a href="/wiki/GuideOne_Insurance" title="GuideOne Insurance">GuideOne Insurance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellmark_Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield" title="Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield">Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield</a> of Iowa, <a href="/wiki/FBL_Financial_Group" title="FBL Financial Group">FBL Financial Group</a>, and American Republic Insurance Company. Iowa has one of the lowest insurance premium taxes in the nation at 1%, and does not charge any premium taxes on qualified life insurance plans, making the state attractive to insurance business.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Des Moines has been referred to as the "Hartford of the West" and "Insurance Capital" because of this.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Principal is one of two <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies with headquarters in Iowa (the other being <a href="/wiki/Casey%27s" title="Casey's">Casey's General Stores</a>), ranking 201st on the magazine's list in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a center of financial and insurance services, other major corporations headquartered outside of Iowa have a presence in the Des Moines Metro area, including <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voya_Financial" title="Voya Financial">Voya Financial</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Data_Systems" title="Electronic Data Systems">Electronic Data Systems</a> (EDS). The <a href="/wiki/Meredith_Corporation" title="Meredith Corporation">Meredith Corporation</a>, a leading publishing and marketing company, was also based in Des Moines prior to its acquisition by <a href="/wiki/IAC_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="IAC (company)">IAC</a> and merger with <a href="/wiki/Dotdash" class="mw-redirect" title="Dotdash">Dotdash</a> in 2021. Meredith published <i><a href="/wiki/Better_Homes_and_Gardens_(magazine)" title="Better Homes and Gardens (magazine)">Better Homes and Gardens</a></i>, one of the most widely circulated publications in the United States. Des Moines was also the headquarters of <i><a href="/wiki/Golf_Digest" title="Golf Digest">Golf Digest</a></i> magazine. </p><p>Other major employers in Des Moines include <a href="/wiki/UnityPoint_Health" title="UnityPoint Health">UnityPoint Health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercy_Medical_Center_-_Des_Moines" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercy Medical Center - Des Moines">Mercy Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/MidAmerican_Energy_Company" title="MidAmerican Energy Company">MidAmerican Energy Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDS_Global" title="CDS Global">CDS Global</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company">Firestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumen_Technologies" title="Lumen Technologies">Lumen Technologies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drake_University" title="Drake University">Drake University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titan_Tire_Corporation" title="Titan Tire Corporation">Titan Tire</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Des_Moines_Register" title="The Des Moines Register">The Des Moines Register</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Anderson_Erickson_Dairy" title="Anderson Erickson Dairy">Anderson Erickson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andersen_Corporation" title="Andersen Corporation">EMCO</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_American_Yeomen" title="Brotherhood of American Yeomen">Brotherhood of American Yeomen</a>, headquartered in Des Moines, went through various mergers before it became <a href="/wiki/AmerUs" title="AmerUs">AmerUs</a>, which was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Aviva" title="Aviva">Aviva</a> in 2006, for $2.9 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Kemin_Industries" title="Kemin Industries">Kemin Industries</a> opened a state-of-the-art worldwide headquarters building in Des Moines.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts_and_theater">Arts and theater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Arts and theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Civic_Center_of_Greater_Des_Moines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/Civic_Center_of_Greater_Des_Moines.jpg/220px-Civic_Center_of_Greater_Des_Moines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/Civic_Center_of_Greater_Des_Moines.jpg/330px-Civic_Center_of_Greater_Des_Moines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2f/Civic_Center_of_Greater_Des_Moines.jpg/440px-Civic_Center_of_Greater_Des_Moines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>The Civic Center of Greater Des Moines</figcaption></figure> <p>The City of Des Moines is a cultural center for Iowa and home to several art and history museums and <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">performing arts</a> groups. The Des Moines Performing Arts routinely hosts touring <a href="/wiki/Broadway_shows" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadway shows">Broadway shows</a> and other live professional theater. The Temple for Performing Arts and Des Moines Playhouse are other venues for live theater, comedy, and performance arts. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Metro_Opera" title="Des Moines Metro Opera">Des Moines Metro Opera</a> has been a cultural resource in Des Moines since 1973. The Opera offers educational and outreach programs and is one of the largest performing arts organizations in the state. <a href="/wiki/Ballet_Des_Moines" title="Ballet Des Moines">Ballet Des Moines</a> was established in 2002. Performing three productions each year, the Ballet also provides opportunities for education and outreach. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Symphony" title="Des Moines Symphony">Des Moines Symphony</a> performs frequently at different venues. In addition to performing seven pairs of classical concerts each season, the Symphony also entertains with New Year's Eve Pops and its annual Yankee Doodle Pops concerts. </p><p><i>Jazz in July</i><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an annual event founded in 1969 that performs free jazz shows daily at venues throughout the city during July. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wellsfargoarena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Wellsfargoarena.jpg/220px-Wellsfargoarena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Wellsfargoarena.jpg/330px-Wellsfargoarena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Wellsfargoarena.jpg/440px-Wellsfargoarena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Wells Fargo Arena</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Arena_(Des_Moines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo Arena (Des Moines)">Wells Fargo Arena</a> is the Des Moines area's primary venue for sporting events and concerts since its opening in 2005. Named for title sponsor Wells Fargo Financial Services, Wells Fargo Arena holds 16,980 and books large, national touring acts for <a href="/wiki/Arena_concert" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena concert">arena concert</a> performances, while several smaller venues host local, regional, and national bands. It is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Wolves" title="Iowa Wolves">Iowa Wolves</a> of the <a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Wild" title="Iowa Wild">Iowa Wild</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Barnstormers" title="Iowa Barnstormers">Iowa Barnstormers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Simon_Estes" title="Simon Estes">Simon Estes</a> Riverfront Amphitheater is an outdoor concert venue on the east bank of the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_River" title="Des Moines River">Des Moines River</a> which hosts music events such as the Alive Concert Series. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Des_Moines_106.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Des_Moines_106.jpg/220px-Des_Moines_106.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Des_Moines_106.jpg/330px-Des_Moines_106.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Des_Moines_106.jpg/440px-Des_Moines_106.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Des Moines Art Center</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Art_Center" title="Des Moines Art Center">Des Moines Art Center</a>, with wings designed by architects <a href="/wiki/I.M._Pei" class="mw-redirect" title="I.M. Pei">I.M. Pei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Meier" title="Richard Meier">Richard Meier</a>, presents art exhibitions and educational programs as well as studio art classes. The Center houses a collection of artwork from the 19th century to the present. An extension of the art center is downtown in an urban museum space, featuring three or four exhibitions each year. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_the_Pappajohn_Sculpture_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/View_from_the_Pappajohn_Sculpture_Park.jpg/220px-View_from_the_Pappajohn_Sculpture_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/View_from_the_Pappajohn_Sculpture_Park.jpg/330px-View_from_the_Pappajohn_Sculpture_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/View_from_the_Pappajohn_Sculpture_Park.jpg/440px-View_from_the_Pappajohn_Sculpture_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The Pappajohn Sculpture Park in the Downtown's <a href="/wiki/Western_Gateway_Park" title="Western Gateway Park">Western Gateway Park</a> plays host to the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Arts_Festival" title="Des Moines Arts Festival">Des Moines Arts Festival</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pappajohn_Sculpture_Park" title="Pappajohn Sculpture Park">Pappajohn Sculpture Park</a> was established in 2009. It showcases a collection of 24 sculptures donated by Des Moines philanthropists John and Mary Pappajohn. Nearby is the Temple for Performing Arts, a cultural center for the city. Next to the Temple is the 117,000-square-foot (10,900 m<sup>2</sup>) Central Library, designed by renowned English architect <a href="/wiki/David_Chipperfield" title="David Chipperfield">David Chipperfield</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_House_(Des_Moines,_Iowa)" title="Salisbury House (Des Moines, Iowa)">Salisbury House and Gardens</a> is a 42-room historic house museum on 10 acres (4 ha) of woodlands in the South of Grand neighborhood of Des Moines. It is named after—and loosely inspired by—King's House in <a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Salisbury, England">Salisbury</a>, England. Built in the 1920s by cosmetics magnate Carl Weeks and his wife, Edith, the Salisbury House contains authentic 16th-century English oak and rafters dating to <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s days, numerous other architectural features re-purposed from other historic English homes, and an internationally significant collection of original fine art, tapestries, decorative art, furniture, musical instruments, and rare books and documents. The Salisbury House is listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>, and has been featured on A&E's <i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Castles" title="America's Castles">America's Castles</a></i> and PBS's <i><a href="/wiki/Antiques_Roadshow" title="Antiques Roadshow">Antiques Roadshow</a></i>. Prominent artists in the Salisbury House collection include <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stella" title="Joseph Stella">Joseph Stella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Genth" title="Lillian Genth">Lillian Genth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">Anthony van Dyck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Alma-Tadema" title="Lawrence Alma-Tadema">Lawrence Alma-Tadema</a>. </p><p>Built in 1877 by prominent pioneer businessman <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Sherman" title="Hoyt Sherman">Hoyt Sherman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Sherman_Place" title="Hoyt Sherman Place">Hoyt Sherman Place</a> mansion was Des Moines' first public art gallery and houses a distinctive collection of 19th and 20th century artwork. Its restored 1,250-seat theater features an intricate <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">rococo</a> plaster ceiling and excellent acoustics and is used for a variety of cultural performances and entertainment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attractions">Attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iowa_State_Capitol_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Iowa_State_Capitol_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Iowa_State_Capitol_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Iowa_State_Capitol_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Iowa_State_Capitol_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Iowa_State_Capitol_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Iowa_State_Capitol_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Capitol" title="Iowa State Capitol">Iowa State Capitol</a>, completed in 1886, is one of two state capitols to feature five domes, a central golden dome surrounded by four smaller domes. The other is the <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_State_House" title="Rhode Island State House">Rhode Island State House</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Arising in the east and facing westward toward downtown, the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Capitol" title="Iowa State Capitol">Iowa State Capitol</a> building with its 275-foot (84 m), 23-karat gold leafed dome towering above the city is a favorite of sightseers. Four smaller domes flank the main dome. The Capitol houses the governor's offices, legislature, and the old Supreme Court Chambers. The ornate interior also features a grand staircase, mural "Westward", five-story law library, scale model of the <a href="/wiki/USS_Iowa_(BB-61)" title="USS Iowa (BB-61)">USS <i>Iowa</i></a>, and collection of first lady dolls. Guided tours are available. </p><p>The Capitol grounds include a World War II memorial with sculpture and Wall of Memories, the 1894 Soldiers and Sailors Monument of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> and memorials honoring those who served in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam Wars</a>. The West Capitol Terrace provides the entrance from the west to the state's grandest building, the <a href="/wiki/State_Capitol_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="State Capitol Building">State Capitol Building</a>. The 10-acre (4 ha) "people's park" at the foot of the Capitol complex includes a promenade and landscaped gardens, in addition to providing public space for rallies and special events. A granite map of Iowa depicting all 99 counties rests at the base of the terrace and has become an attraction for in-state visitors, many of whom walk over the map to find their home county. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SHSI_Des_Moines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SHSI_Des_Moines.jpg/220px-SHSI_Des_Moines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SHSI_Des_Moines.jpg/330px-SHSI_Des_Moines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/SHSI_Des_Moines.jpg/440px-SHSI_Des_Moines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The State of Iowa Historical Museum is near the state capitol in Des Moines' East Village.</figcaption></figure> <p>Iowa's history lives on in the <a href="/wiki/State_Historical_Society_of_Iowa" title="State Historical Society of Iowa">State of Iowa Historical Museum</a>. This modern granite and glass structure at the foot of the State Capitol Building houses permanent and temporary exhibits exploring the people, places, events, and issues of Iowa's past. The showcase includes native wildlife, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">American Indian</a> and pioneer artifacts, and political and military items. The museum features a genealogy and Iowa history library, museum gift shop, and cafe. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Terrace_Hill" title="Terrace Hill">Terrace Hill</a>, a National Historic Landmark and Iowa Governor's Residence, is among the best examples of American Victorian Second Empire architecture. This opulent 1869 home was built by Iowa's first millionaire, Benjamin F. Allen, and restored to the late 19th century period. It overlooks downtown Des Moines and is situated on 8 acres (3.2 ha) with a re-created Victorian formal garden. Tours are conducted Tuesdays through Saturdays from March through December. </p><p>The 110,000-square-foot (10,000 m<sup>2</sup>) Science Center of Iowa and Blank IMAX Dome Theater offers seven interactive learning areas, live programs, and hands-on activities encouraging learning and fun for all ages. Among its three theaters include the 216-seat Blank IMAX Dome Theater, 175-seat <a href="/wiki/John_Deere" title="John Deere">John Deere</a> Adventure Theater featuring live performances, and a 50-foot (15 m) domed Star Theater. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Des_Moines_Botanical_Garden" title="Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden">Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden</a>, an indoor conservatory of over 15,000 exotic plants, is one of the largest collections of tropical, subtropical, and desert-growing plants in the Midwest. The Center blooms with thousands of flowers year-round. Nearby are the Robert D. Ray Asian Gardens and Pavilion, named in honor of the former governor whose influence helped relocate thousands of Vietnamese refugees to Iowa homes in the 1970s and 1980s. Developed by the city's Asian community, the Gardens include a three-story Chinese pavilion, bonsai landscaping, and granite sculptures to highlight the importance of diversity and recognize Asian American contributions in Iowa. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Blank_Park_Zoo" title="Blank Park Zoo">Blank Park Zoo</a> is a landscaped 22-acre (8.9 ha) zoological park on the south side. Among the exhibits include a tropical rain forest, Australian Outback, and Africa. The Zoo offers education classes, tours, and rental facilities. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Primate_Learning_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary">Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary</a> was established as a scientific research facility with a 230-acre (93 ha) campus housing bonobos and orangutans for the noninvasive interdisciplinary study of their cognitive and communicative capabilities. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Des_Moines_East_Village.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Des_Moines_East_Village.jpg/220px-Des_Moines_East_Village.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Des_Moines_East_Village.jpg/330px-Des_Moines_East_Village.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Des_Moines_East_Village.jpg/440px-Des_Moines_East_Village.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2511" data-file-height="1674" /></a><figcaption>Locust Street looking east from 4th Street toward the Iowa State Capitol in East Village</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/East_Village,_Des_Moines" class="mw-redirect" title="East Village, Des Moines">East Village</a>, on the east side of the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_River" title="Des Moines River">Des Moines River</a>, begins at the river and extends about five blocks east to the State Capitol Building, offering an eclectic blend of historic buildings, hip eateries, boutiques, art galleries, and a wide variety of other retail establishments mixed with residences. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adventureland_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventureland Park">Adventureland Park</a> is an amusement park in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Iowa" title="Altoona, Iowa">Altoona</a>, just northeast of Des Moines. The park boasts more than 100 rides, shows, and attractions, including six rollercoasters. A hotel and campground is just outside the park. Also in Altoona is <a href="/wiki/Prairie_Meadows_Racetrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie Meadows Racetrack">Prairie Meadows Racetrack and Casino</a>, an entertainment venue for gambling and horse racing. Open 24 hours a day, year-round, the racetrack and casino features live racing, plus over 1,750 slot machines, table games, and concert and show entertainment. The racetrack hosts two <a href="/wiki/Graded_stakes_race" title="Graded stakes race">Grade III</a> races annually, the Iowa Oaks and the Cornhusker Handicap. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Living_History_Farms" title="Living History Farms">Living History Farms</a> in suburban <a href="/wiki/Urbandale,_Iowa" title="Urbandale, Iowa">Urbandale</a> tells the story of Midwestern agriculture and rural life in a 500-acre (2.0 km<sup>2</sup>) open-air museum with interpreters dressed in period costume who recreate the daily routines of early Iowans. Open daily from May through October, the Living History Farms include a 1700 Ioway Indian village, 1850 pioneer farm, 1875 frontier town, 1900 horse-powered farm, and a modern crop center. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wallace_House" title="Henry Wallace House">Wallace House</a> was the home of the first Henry Wallace, a national leader in agriculture and conservation and the first editor of <i><a href="/wiki/Wallaces%27_Farmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallaces' Farmer">Wallaces' Farmer</a></i> farm journal. This restored 1883 Italianate Victorian houses exhibits, artifacts, and information covering four generations of Henry Wallaces and other family members. </p><p>Historic <a href="/wiki/Jordan_House_(West_Des_Moines,_Iowa)" title="Jordan House (West Des Moines, Iowa)">Jordan House</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="West Des Moines, Iowa">West Des Moines</a> is a stately Victorian home built in 1850 and added to in 1870 by the first white settler in West Des Moines, <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_C._Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James C. Jordan (page does not exist)">James C. Jordan</a>. Completely refurbished, this mansion was part of the <a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a> and today houses 16 period rooms, a railroad museum, West Des Moines community history, and a museum dedicated to the Underground Railroad in Iowa. In 1893 Jordan's daughter Eda was sliding down the banister when she fell off and broke her neck. She died two days later, and her ghost is reputed to haunt the house.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i> wrote that Iowa's capital city has "walker-friendly downtown streets and enough outdoor sculpture, sleek buildings, storefronts and cafes to delight the most jaded stroller".<sup id="cite_ref-Chicago_Tribune_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chicago_Tribune-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals_and_events">Festivals and events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Festivals and events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4th_Street_Downtown_Des_Moines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/4th_Street_Downtown_Des_Moines.jpg/220px-4th_Street_Downtown_Des_Moines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/4th_Street_Downtown_Des_Moines.jpg/330px-4th_Street_Downtown_Des_Moines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/4th_Street_Downtown_Des_Moines.jpg/440px-4th_Street_Downtown_Des_Moines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The 4th Street Neighborhood is within the Court Avenue Entertainment District of Downtown Des Moines.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2006_Iowa_State_Fair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/2006_Iowa_State_Fair.jpg/220px-2006_Iowa_State_Fair.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/2006_Iowa_State_Fair.jpg/330px-2006_Iowa_State_Fair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/2006_Iowa_State_Fair.jpg/440px-2006_Iowa_State_Fair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>The Grand Concourse, between the Grandstand and the Varied Industries Building, during the 2006 Iowa State Fair</figcaption></figure> <p>Des Moines plays host to a growing number of nationally acclaimed cultural events, including the annual <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Arts_Festival" title="Des Moines Arts Festival">Des Moines Arts Festival</a> in June, Metro Arts Jazz in July,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Fair" title="Iowa State Fair">Iowa State Fair</a> in August, and the World Food & Music Festival in September.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Saturdays from May through October, the Downtown Farmers' Market draws visitors from across the state. Local parades include Saint Patrick's Day Parade, <a href="/wiki/Drake_Relays" title="Drake Relays">Drake Relays</a> Parade, Capitol City Pride Parade, Iowa State Fair Parade, Labor Day Parade, and <a href="/wiki/Beaverdale,_Polk_County,_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaverdale, Polk County, Iowa">Beaverdale</a> Fall Festival Parade. </p><p>Other annual festivals and events include: Des Moines Beer Week, <a href="/wiki/80/35_Music_Festival" title="80/35 Music Festival">80/35 Music Festival</a>, 515 Alive Music Festival, ArtFest Midwest, Blue Ribbon Bacon Fest,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CelebrAsian Heritage Festival, Des Moines Pride Festival, Des Moines Renaissance Faire, Festa Italiana, Festival of Trees and Lights, World Food & Music Festival, I'll Make Me a World Iowa, Latino Heritage Festival, Oktoberfest, Winefest, ImaginEve!, Iowa's Premier Beer, Wine & Food Show, and Wild Rose Film Festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Art_Center" title="Des Moines Art Center">Des Moines Art Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_House_(West_Des_Moines,_Iowa)" title="Jordan House (West Des Moines, Iowa)">Jordan House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Sherman_Place" title="Hoyt Sherman Place">Hoyt Sherman Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_House_(Des_Moines,_Iowa)" title="Salisbury House (Des Moines, Iowa)">Salisbury House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Center_of_Iowa" title="Science Center of Iowa">Science Center of Iowa</a><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Historical_Society_of_Iowa" title="State Historical Society of Iowa">State Historical Society of Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_Hill" title="Terrace Hill">Terrace Hill</a> – Official residence of the governor of Iowa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wallace_House" title="Henry Wallace House">Wallace House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Prize" title="World Food Prize">World Food Prize</a> Hall of Laureates</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sec_Taylor_Field.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sec_Taylor_Field.jpg/220px-Sec_Taylor_Field.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sec_Taylor_Field.jpg/330px-Sec_Taylor_Field.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sec_Taylor_Field.jpg/440px-Sec_Taylor_Field.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption>Sec Taylor Field at Principal Park, during a May 28, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Cubs" title="Iowa Cubs">Iowa Cubs</a> game against the <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Sounds" title="Nashville Sounds">Nashville Sounds</a>. The Iowa Capitol is visible beyond the center-field wall.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Des_Moines_sports_teams" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Des Moines sports teams">List of Des Moines sports teams</a></div> <p>Des Moines hosts professional minor league teams in several sports — baseball, basketball, hockey, indoor football, and soccer — and is home to the sports teams of Drake University which play in NCAA Division I. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Menace" title="Des Moines Menace">Des Moines Menace</a> soccer club, a member of <a href="/wiki/USL_League_Two" title="USL League Two">USL League Two</a>, play their home games at Valley Stadium in West Des Moines. <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_United_FC" title="Des Moines United FC">Des Moines United FC</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Premier_Soccer_League" title="National Premier Soccer League">National Premier Soccer League</a> also utilize Valley Stadium. </p><p>Des Moines is home to the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Cubs" title="Iowa Cubs">Iowa Cubs</a> baseball team of the <a href="/wiki/Triple-A_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Triple-A East">Triple-A East</a>. The I-Cubs, which are the <a href="/wiki/Triple-A_(baseball)" title="Triple-A (baseball)">Triple-A</a> affiliate of the major league <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a>, play their home games at <a href="/wiki/Principal_Park" title="Principal Park">Principal Park</a> near the confluence of the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Arena_(Des_Moines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo Arena (Des Moines)">Wells Fargo Arena</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Events_Center" title="Iowa Events Center">Iowa Events Center</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Barnstormers" title="Iowa Barnstormers">Iowa Barnstormers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Wild" title="Iowa Wild">Iowa Wild</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Wolves" title="Iowa Wolves">Iowa Wolves</a> of the <a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a>. The Barnstormers relaunched as an <a href="/wiki/Af2" class="mw-redirect" title="Af2">af2</a> club in 2008 before joining a relaunched Arena Football League in 2010 and the Indoor Football League in 2015; the Barnstormers had previously played in the Arena Football League from 1994 to 2000 (featuring future <a href="/wiki/NFL_MVP" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL MVP">NFL</a> Hall of Famer and <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_MVP" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Bowl MVP">Super Bowl MVP</a> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Warner" title="Kurt Warner">quarterback Kurt Warner</a>) before <a href="/wiki/New_York_Dragons" title="New York Dragons">relocating to New York</a>. The Iowa Energy, a D-League team, began play in 2007. They were bought by the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Timberwolves" title="Minnesota Timberwolves">Minnesota Timberwolves</a> in 2017 and were renamed the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Wolves" title="Iowa Wolves">Iowa Wolves</a> to reflect the new ownership. The Wild, the AHL affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Wild" title="Minnesota Wild">Minnesota Wild</a> have played at Wells Fargo Arena since 2013; previously, the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Chops" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Chops">Iowa Chops</a> played four seasons in Des Moines (known as the Iowa Stars for three of those seasons.) </p><p>Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Buccaneers" title="Des Moines Buccaneers">Des Moines Buccaneers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Hockey_League" title="United States Hockey League">United States Hockey League</a> play at <a href="/wiki/Buccaneer_Arena" title="Buccaneer Arena">Buccaneer Arena</a> in suburban <a href="/wiki/Urbandale,_Iowa" title="Urbandale, Iowa">Urbandale</a>. </p><p>Des Moines is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Drake_University" title="Drake University">Drake University</a> <a href="/wiki/Drake_Bulldogs" title="Drake Bulldogs">Bulldogs</a>, an <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Conference" title="Missouri Valley Conference">Missouri Valley Conference</a>, primarily playing northwest of downtown at the on-campus <a href="/wiki/Drake_Stadium_(Drake_University)" title="Drake Stadium (Drake University)">Drake Stadium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knapp_Center" title="Knapp Center">Knapp Center</a>. Drake Stadium is home to the famed <a href="/wiki/Drake_Relays" title="Drake Relays">Drake Relays</a> each April. In addition to the Drake Relays, <a href="/wiki/Drake_Stadium_(Drake_University)" title="Drake Stadium (Drake University)">Drake Stadium</a> has hosted multiple <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> Outdoor Track and Field Championships and <a href="/wiki/USA_Outdoor_Track_and_Field_Championships" title="USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships">USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_View_Vikings" title="Grand View Vikings">Vikings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Grand_View_University" title="Grand View University">Grand View University</a> also compete in intercollegiate athletics in Des Moines. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Heart_of_America_Athletic_Conference" title="Heart of America Athletic Conference">Heart of America Athletic Conference</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">NAIA</a>, they field 21 varsity athletic teams. They were <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">NAIA</a> National Champions in football in 2013. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Principal_Charity_Classic" title="Principal Charity Classic">Principal Charity Classic</a>, a Champions Tour golf event, is held at Wakonda Club in late May or early June. The IMT <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Marathon" title="Des Moines Marathon">Des Moines Marathon</a> is held throughout the city each October. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Professional and Division I sports teams </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Club </th> <th scope="col">Sport </th> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">Venue </th> <th scope="col">City </th> <th scope="col">Founded </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Barnstormers" title="Iowa Barnstormers">Iowa Barnstormers</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Arena_(Des_Moines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo Arena (Des Moines)">Wells Fargo Arena</a> </td> <td>Des Moines </td> <td>1995 (2008) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Cubs" title="Iowa Cubs">Iowa Cubs</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/International_League" title="International League">International League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minor_League_Baseball" title="Minor League Baseball">Minor League Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Principal_Park" title="Principal Park">Principal Park</a> </td> <td>Des Moines </td> <td>1969 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Wolves" title="Iowa Wolves">Iowa Wolves</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Arena_(Des_Moines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo Arena (Des Moines)">Wells Fargo Arena</a> </td> <td>Des Moines </td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Buccaneers" title="Des Moines Buccaneers">Des Moines Buccaneers</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Hockey_League" title="United States Hockey League">United States Hockey League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buccaneer_Arena" title="Buccaneer Arena">Buccaneer Arena</a> </td> <td>Urbandale </td> <td>1980 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Wild" title="Iowa Wild">Iowa Wild</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Arena_(Des_Moines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells Fargo Arena (Des Moines)">Wells Fargo Arena</a> </td> <td>Des Moines </td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Menace" title="Des Moines Menace">Des Moines Menace</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USL_League_Two" title="USL League Two">USL League Two</a> </td> <td>Valley Stadium </td> <td>West Des Moines </td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_United_FC" title="Des Moines United FC">Des Moines United FC</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Premier_Soccer_League" title="National Premier Soccer League">National Premier Soccer League</a> </td> <td>Valley Stadium </td> <td>West Des Moines </td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Drake_Bulldogs" title="Drake Bulldogs">Drake Bulldogs</a> </th> <td>Multi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Conference" title="Missouri Valley Conference">Missouri Valley Conference</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Drake_Stadium_(Drake_University)" title="Drake Stadium (Drake University)">Drake Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knapp_Center" title="Knapp Center">Knapp Center</a> </td> <td>Des Moines </td> <td>1881 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kruidenier_Trail_Bridge_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kruidenier_Trail_Bridge_at_night.jpg/170px-Kruidenier_Trail_Bridge_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kruidenier_Trail_Bridge_at_night.jpg/255px-Kruidenier_Trail_Bridge_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Kruidenier_Trail_Bridge_at_night.jpg/340px-Kruidenier_Trail_Bridge_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Kruidenier Trail bridge across Gray's Lake</figcaption></figure> <p>Des Moines has 76 city parks and three golf courses, as well as three family aquatic centers, five community centers and three swimming pools. The city has 45 miles (72 km) of trails. The first major park was Greenwood Park. The park commissioners purchased the land on April 21, 1894. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Principal_Riverwalk" title="Principal Riverwalk">Principal Riverwalk</a> is a riverwalk park district being constructed along the banks of the Des Moines River in the downtown. Primarily funded by the <a href="/wiki/Principal_Financial_Group" title="Principal Financial Group">Principal Financial Group</a>, the Riverwalk is a multi-year jointly funded project also funded by the city and state. Upon completion, it will feature a 1.2-mile (1.9 km) recreational trail connecting the east and west sides of downtown via two pedestrian bridges. A landscaped promenade along the street level is planned. The Riverwalk includes the downtown Brenton Skating Plaza, open from November through March. </p><p>Gray's Lake, part of the 167 acres (68 ha) of <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Lake_Park" title="Gray's Lake Park">Gray's Lake Park</a>, features a boat rental facility, fishing pier, floating boardwalks, and a park resource center. Located just south of the downtown, the centerpiece of the park is a lighted 1.9-mile (3.1 km) Kruidenier Trail, encircling it entirely. </p><p>From <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Des_Moines" title="Downtown Des Moines">downtown Des Moines</a> primarily along the east bank of the Des Moines River, the Neil Smith and John Pat Dorrian Trails are 28.2-mile (45.4 km) paved recreational trails that connect Gray's Lake northward to the east shore of <a href="/wiki/Saylorville_Lake" title="Saylorville Lake">Saylorville Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Creek_Lake_(Iowa)" title="Big Creek Lake (Iowa)">Big Creek State Park</a>, and the recreational trails of <a href="/wiki/Ankeny,_Iowa" title="Ankeny, Iowa">Ankeny</a> including the <a href="/wiki/High_Trestle_Trail" title="High Trestle Trail">High Trestle Trail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NorthSouthTrails_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NorthSouthTrails-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These trails are near several recreational facilities including the Pete Crivaro Park, <a href="/wiki/Principal_Park" title="Principal Park">Principal Park</a>, the Principal Riverwalk, the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Des_Moines_Botanical_Garden" title="Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden">Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden</a>, Union Park and its Heritage Carousel of Des Moines, Birdland Park and the Birdland Marina/Boatramp on the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_River" title="Des Moines River">Des Moines River</a>, Riverview Park, McHenry Park, and River Drive Park.<sup id="cite_ref-Parks_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parks-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although outside of Des Moines, Jester Park has 1,834 acres (742 ha) of land along the western shore of Saylorville Lake and can be reached from the Neil Smith Trail over the Saylorville Dam. </p><p>Just west of Gray's Lake are the 1,500 acres (607 ha) of the Des Moines <a href="/wiki/Water_Works_Park_(Des_Moines)" title="Water Works Park (Des Moines)">Water Works Park</a>. The Water Works Park is along the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Raccoon_River" title="Raccoon River">Raccoon River</a> immediately upstream from where the Raccoon River empties into the Des Moines River. The Des Moines Water Works Facility, which obtains the city's drinking water from the Raccoon River, is entirely within the Water Works Park. A bridge in the park crosses the Raccoon River. The Water Works Park recreational trails link to downtown Des Moines by travelling past Gray's Lake and back across the Raccoon River via either along the Meredith Trail near Principal Park, or along the Martin Luther King Jr. Parkway. The Water Works Park trails connect westward to <a href="/wiki/West_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="West Des Moines, Iowa">Valley Junction</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Clive_Greenbelt_Trail#Connections_to_other_trails" title="Clive Greenbelt Trail">recreational trails</a> of the western suburbs: <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Heights,_Iowa" title="Windsor Heights, Iowa">Windsor Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urbandale,_Iowa" title="Urbandale, Iowa">Urbandale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clive,_Iowa" title="Clive, Iowa">Clive</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waukee,_Iowa" title="Waukee, Iowa">Waukee</a>. Also originating from Water Works Park, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Trail_(Iowa)" title="Great Western Trail (Iowa)">Great Western Trail</a> is an 18-mile (29 km) journey southward from Des Moines to <a href="/wiki/Martensdale,_Iowa" title="Martensdale, Iowa">Martensdale</a> through the Willow Creek Golf Course, Orilla, and <a href="/wiki/Cumming,_Iowa" title="Cumming, Iowa">Cumming</a>. Often, the location for summer music festivals and concerts, Water Works Park was the overnight campground for thousands of bicyclists on Tuesday, July 23, 2013, during <a href="/wiki/RAGBRAI" title="RAGBRAI">RAGBRAI</a> XLI.<sup id="cite_ref-WaterWorks_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaterWorks-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="List of mayors of Des Moines, Iowa">List of mayors of Des Moines, Iowa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Des_Moines_City_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Des_Moines_City_Hall.jpg/220px-Des_Moines_City_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Des_Moines_City_Hall.jpg/330px-Des_Moines_City_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Des_Moines_City_Hall.jpg/440px-Des_Moines_City_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="1846" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_City_Hall" title="Des Moines City Hall">Des Moines Municipal Building</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Des Moines operates under a <a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">council–manager</a> form of government. The council consists of a mayor who is elected in citywide vote, two at-large members, and four members representing each of the city's four wards. In 2014, Jonathan Gano was appointed as the new Public Works Director.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, Dana Wingert was appointed as Police Chief.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, Steven L. Naber was appointed as the new City Engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_City_Council" title="Des Moines City Council">council</a> members include:<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ward<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Locale </th> <th>Member </th> <th>Elected </th> <th>Term Ends </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Northwest </td> <td>Chris Coleman </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Northeast </td> <td>Linda Westergaard </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>2028 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Southwest </td> <td>Josh Mandelbaum </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Southeast </td> <td>Joe Gatto </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>2028 </td></tr> <tr> <td>At-large </td> <td>Citywide </td> <td>Carl Voss </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>2028 </td></tr> <tr> <td>At-large </td> <td>Citywide </td> <td>Mike Simonson </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>2026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mayor </td> <td>Citywide </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connie_Boesen" title="Connie Boesen">Connie Boesen</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>2028 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A plan to merge the governments of Des Moines and Polk County was rejected by voters during the November 2, 2004, election. The <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">consolidated city-county</a> government would have had a full-time mayor and a 15-member council that would have been divided among the city and its suburbs. Each suburb would still have retained its individual government but with the option to join the consolidated government at any time. Although a full merger was soundly rejected, several city and county departments and programs have been consolidated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oldmaindrake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Oldmaindrake.jpg/220px-Oldmaindrake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Oldmaindrake.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="184" /></a><figcaption>Old Main on the campus<br />of <a href="/wiki/Drake_University" title="Drake University">Drake University</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Des Moines Public Schools">Des Moines Public Schools</a> district is the largest community school district in Iowa with 32,062 enrolled students as of the 2012–2013 school year. The district consists of 63 schools: 38 elementary schools, eleven <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle schools</a>, five high schools (<a href="/wiki/East_High_School_(Des_Moines,_Iowa)" title="East High School (Des Moines, Iowa)">East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover_High_School_(Des_Moines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Hoover High School (Des Moines)">Hoover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_High_School_(Des_Moines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln High School (Des Moines)">Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_High_School_(Des_Moines)" class="mw-redirect" title="North High School (Des Moines)">North</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_High_School_(Des_Moines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Roosevelt High School (Des Moines)">Roosevelt</a>), and ten special schools and programs.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small parts of the city are instead served by <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Community_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle Community Schools">Carlisle Community Schools</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ourlocation_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ourlocation-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Johnston_High_School" title="Johnston High School">Johnston Community School District</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Polk_Community_School_District" title="Southeast Polk Community School District">Southeast Polk Community School District</a><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Saydel_School_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Saydel School District">Saydel School District</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Grand_View_Christian_School" title="Grand View Christian School">Grand View Christian School</a> is the only private school in the city, although <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Christian_School" title="Des Moines Christian School">Des Moines Christian School</a> (in Des Moines from 1947 to 2006) in Urbandale, <a href="/wiki/Dowling_Catholic_High_School" title="Dowling Catholic High School">Dowling Catholic High School</a> in West Des Moines, and Ankeny Christian Academy on the north side of the metro area serve some city residents. </p><p>Des Moines is also home to the main campuses of three four-year private colleges: <a href="/wiki/Drake_University" title="Drake University">Drake University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_View_University" title="Grand View University">Grand View University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mercy_College_of_Health_Sciences" title="Mercy College of Health Sciences">Mercy College of Health Sciences</a>. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a> has a satellite facility in the city's <a href="/wiki/Western_Gateway_Park" title="Western Gateway Park">Western Gateway Park</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State University</a> hosts <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Administration</a> classes downtown. <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Area_Community_College" title="Des Moines Area Community College">Des Moines Area Community College</a> is the area's <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community college</a> with campuses in Ankeny, Des Moines, and West Des Moines. The city is also home to <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_University" title="Des Moines University">Des Moines University</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Osteopathic_medicine_in_the_United_States" title="Osteopathic medicine in the United States">osteopathic medical school</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Media in Des Moines, Iowa">Media in Des Moines, Iowa</a></div> <p>The Des Moines market, which originally consisted of <a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Polk County, Iowa">Polk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas_County,_Iowa" title="Dallas County, Iowa">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Story_County,_Iowa" title="Story County, Iowa">Story</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Warren County, Iowa">Warren</a> counties,<sup id="cite_ref-arbmap_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbmap-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was ranked 91st by <a href="/wiki/Arbitron" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitron">Arbitron</a> as of the fall of 2007 with a population of 512,000 aged 12 and older.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2011 it moved up to 72nd with the addition of <a href="/wiki/Boone_County,_Iowa" title="Boone County, Iowa">Boone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Iowa" title="Clarke County, Iowa">Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Iowa" title="Greene County, Iowa">Greene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guthrie_County,_Iowa" title="Guthrie County, Iowa">Guthrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Iowa" title="Jasper County, Iowa">Jasper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucas_County,_Iowa" title="Lucas County, Iowa">Lucas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Iowa" title="Madison County, Iowa">Madison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Iowa" title="Marion County, Iowa">Marion</a> counties.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commercial_stations">Commercial stations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Commercial stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/IHeartMedia" title="IHeartMedia">iHeartMedia</a> owns five radio stations in the area, including <a href="/wiki/WHO_(AM)" title="WHO (AM)">WHO</a> 1040 AM, a 50,000-watt AM <a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">news/talk</a> station that has the highest ratings in the area<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and once employed future President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> as a sportscaster. In addition to WHO, iHeartMedia owns <a href="/wiki/KDRB" title="KDRB">KDRB</a> 100.3 FM (<a href="/wiki/Adult_hits" title="Adult hits">adult hits</a>), <a href="/wiki/KKDM" title="KKDM">KKDM</a> 107.5 FM (<a href="/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio" title="Contemporary hit radio">contemporary hits</a>), <a href="/wiki/KXNO-FM" title="KXNO-FM">KXNO-FM</a> 106.3, and <a href="/wiki/KXNO_(AM)" title="KXNO (AM)">KXNO</a> 1460 AM (<a href="/wiki/Sports_radio" title="Sports radio">sports radio</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also own news/talk station <a href="/wiki/KASI" title="KASI">KASI</a> 1430 AM and <a href="/wiki/Hot_adult_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot adult contemporary">hot adult contemporary</a> station <a href="/wiki/KCYZ" title="KCYZ">KCYZ</a> 105.1 FM, both of which broadcast from <a href="/wiki/Ames,_Iowa" title="Ames, Iowa">Ames</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cumulus_Media" title="Cumulus Media">Cumulus Media</a> owns five stations that broadcast from facilities in <a href="/wiki/Urbandale,_Iowa" title="Urbandale, Iowa">Urbandale</a>: <a href="/wiki/KBGG" title="KBGG">KBGG</a> 1700 AM (sports), <a href="/wiki/KGGO" title="KGGO">KGGO</a> 94.9 FM (<a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">classic rock</a>), <a href="/wiki/KHKI" title="KHKI">KHKI</a> 97.3 FM (<a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a>), <a href="/wiki/KJJY" title="KJJY">KJJY</a> 92.5 FM (country music), and <a href="/wiki/KWQW" title="KWQW">KWQW</a> 98.3 FM (<a href="/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio" title="Contemporary hit radio">contemporary hits</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saga Communications owns nine stations in the area: <a href="/wiki/KAZR" title="KAZR">KAZR</a> 103.3 FM (<a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>), KAZR-HD2 (oldies), <a href="/wiki/KIOA" title="KIOA">KIOA</a> 93.3 FM (<a href="/wiki/Oldies" title="Oldies">oldies</a>), <a href="/wiki/KIOA-HD2" class="mw-redirect" title="KIOA-HD2">KIOA-HD2</a> 99.9FM & 93.3 HD2 (<a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_contemporary" title="Rhythmic contemporary">Rhythmic Top 40</a>), <a href="/wiki/KOEZ_(FM)" title="KOEZ (FM)">KOEZ</a> 104.1 FM (<a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary_music" title="Adult contemporary music">soft adult contemporary</a>), <a href="/wiki/KPSZ" title="KPSZ">KPSZ</a> 940 AM (<a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">contemporary Christian music</a>, religious teaching, and conservative talk), <a href="/wiki/KRNT" title="KRNT">KRNT</a> 1350 AM (<a href="/wiki/ESPN_Radio" title="ESPN Radio">ESPN Radio</a>), <a href="/wiki/KSTZ" title="KSTZ">KSTZ</a> 102.5 FM (<a href="/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio" title="Contemporary hit radio">adult contemporary hits</a>), and KSTZ-HD2 (classic country).<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other stations in the Des Moines area include religious stations <a href="/wiki/KWKY" title="KWKY">KWKY</a> 1150 AM, and <a href="/wiki/KPUL" title="KPUL">KPUL</a> 101.7 FM.<sup id="cite_ref-northpine_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northpine-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-commercial_stations">Non-commercial stations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Non-commercial stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Non-commercial radio stations in the Des Moines area include <a href="/wiki/KDPS" title="KDPS">KDPS</a> 88.1 FM, a station operated by the <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Des Moines Public Schools">Des Moines Public Schools</a>; <a href="/wiki/KWDM" title="KWDM">KWDM</a> 88.7 FM, a station operated by <a href="/wiki/Valley_High_School_(West_Des_Moines,_Iowa)" title="Valley High School (West Des Moines, Iowa)">Valley High School</a>; <a href="/wiki/KJMC" title="KJMC">KJMC</a> 89.3 FM, an urban contemporary station; K213DV 90.5 FM, the contemporary Christian K-Love affiliate for the area; and KDFR 91.3 FM, operated by <a href="/wiki/Family_Radio" title="Family Radio">Family Radio</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Public_Radio" title="Iowa Public Radio">Iowa Public Radio</a> broadcasts several stations in the Des Moines area, all of which are owned by <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State University</a> and operated on campus. <a href="/wiki/WOI_(AM)" title="WOI (AM)">WOI</a> 640 AM, the network's flagship station, and <a href="/wiki/WOI-FM" title="WOI-FM">WOI-FM</a> 90.1, the network's flagship "Studio One" station, are both based out of Ames and serve as the area's <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a> outlets. The network also operates classical stations <a href="/wiki/KICG" class="mw-redirect" title="KICG">KICG</a>, <a href="/wiki/KICJ" title="KICJ">KICJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/KICL" title="KICL">KICL</a> and <a href="/wiki/KICP" title="KICP">KICP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Northwestern_%E2%80%93_St._Paul" title="University of Northwestern – St. Paul">University of Northwestern – St. Paul</a> operates <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Contemporary Christian</a> simulcasts of <a href="/wiki/KNWI" title="KNWI">KNWI-FM</a> at 107.1 Osceola/Des Moines, <a href="/wiki/KNWI" title="KNWI">KNWM-FM</a> at 96.1 Madrid/Ames/Des Moines, and K264CD at 100.7 in downtown Des Moines. Low-power FM stations include KFMG-LP 99.1, a community radio station broadcasting from the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Fort_Des_Moines" title="Hotel Fort Des Moines">Hotel Fort Des Moines</a> and also webstreamed.<sup id="cite_ref-northpine_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-northpine-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Des Moines-Ames <a href="/wiki/Media_market" title="Media market">media market</a> consists of 35 central Iowa counties: <a href="/wiki/Adair_County,_Iowa" title="Adair County, Iowa">Adair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Iowa" title="Adams County, Iowa">Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appanoose_County,_Iowa" title="Appanoose County, Iowa">Appanoose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audubon_County,_Iowa" title="Audubon County, Iowa">Audubon</a>, Boone, <a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Iowa" title="Calhoun County, Iowa">Calhoun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Iowa" title="Carroll County, Iowa">Carroll</a>, Clarke, Dallas, <a href="/wiki/Decatur_County,_Iowa" title="Decatur County, Iowa">Decatur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Iowa" title="Franklin County, Iowa">Franklin</a>, Greene, Guthrie, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_Iowa" title="Hamilton County, Iowa">Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Iowa" title="Hardin County, Iowa">Hardin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_Iowa" title="Humboldt County, Iowa">Humboldt</a>, Jasper, <a href="/wiki/Kossuth_County,_Iowa" title="Kossuth County, Iowa">Kossuth</a>, Lucas, Madison, <a href="/wiki/Mahaska_County,_Iowa" title="Mahaska County, Iowa">Mahaska</a>, Marion, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Iowa" title="Marshall County, Iowa">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Iowa" title="Monroe County, Iowa">Monroe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pocahontas_County,_Iowa" title="Pocahontas County, Iowa">Pocahontas</a>, Polk, <a href="/wiki/Poweshiek_County,_Iowa" title="Poweshiek County, Iowa">Poweshiek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringgold_County,_Iowa" title="Ringgold County, Iowa">Ringgold</a>, Story, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_County,_Iowa" title="Taylor County, Iowa">Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Iowa" title="Union County, Iowa">Union</a>, Warren, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Iowa" title="Wayne County, Iowa">Wayne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Webster_County,_Iowa" title="Webster County, Iowa">Webster</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wright_County,_Iowa" title="Wright County, Iowa">Wright</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arbmap_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbmap-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was ranked 71st by <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_Media_Research" title="Nielsen Media Research">Nielsen Media Research</a> for the 2008–2009 television season with 432,410 television households.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commercial television stations serving Des Moines include <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/KCCI" title="KCCI">KCCI</a> channel 8, <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WHO-DT" title="WHO-DT">WHO-DT</a> channel 13, and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/KDSM-TV" title="KDSM-TV">KDSM-TV</a> channel 17. <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/WOI-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WOI-TV">WOI-TV</a> channel 5 and <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">CW</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/KCWI-TV" title="KCWI-TV">KCWI-TV</a> channel 23 are both licensed to <a href="/wiki/Ames,_Iowa" title="Ames, Iowa">Ames</a> and broadcast from studios in West Des Moines. <a href="/wiki/KFPX-TV" title="KFPX-TV">KFPX-TV</a> channel 39, the local <a href="/wiki/ION_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="ION Television">ION</a> affiliate, is licensed to Newton. Two non-commercial stations are also licensed to Des Moines: KDIN channel 11, the local <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> member station and flagship of the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Public_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Public Television">Iowa Public Television</a> network, and <a href="/wiki/KDMI" title="KDMI">KDMI</a> channel 19, a <a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Christian_Television" title="Tri-State Christian Television">TCT</a> affiliate. <a href="/wiki/Mediacom" title="Mediacom">Mediacom</a> is the Des Moines area's cable television provider.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Des_Moines_Register" title="The Des Moines Register">The Des Moines Register</a></i> is the city's primary daily newspaper. As of March 31, 2007, the <i>Register</i> ranked 71st in circulation among daily newspapers in the United States according to the <a href="/wiki/Audit_Bureau_of_Circulations_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audit Bureau of Circulations (North America)">Audit Bureau of Circulations</a> with 146,050 daily and 233,229 Sunday subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weekly newspapers include <i>Juice</i>, a publication aimed at the 25–34 demographic published by the <i>Register</i> on Wednesdays; <i><a href="/wiki/Cityview_(Des_Moines)" title="Cityview (Des Moines)">Cityview</a></i>, an <a href="/wiki/Alternative_weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative weekly">alternative weekly</a> published on Thursdays; and the <i>Des Moines Business Record</i>, a business journal published on Sundays, along with the West Des Moines Register, the Johnston Register, and the Waukee Register on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, or Thursdays depending on the address of the subscriber. Additionally, magazine publisher <a href="/wiki/Meredith_Corporation" title="Meredith Corporation">Meredith Corporation</a> was based in Des Moines prior to its acquisition by <a href="/wiki/IAC_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="IAC (company)">IAC</a> and merger with <a href="/wiki/Dotdash" class="mw-redirect" title="Dotdash">Dotdash</a> in 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Des Moines is the birthplace of many famously known bands and artists today. <a href="/wiki/Slipknot_(band)" title="Slipknot (band)">Slipknot</a>, a popular American heavy metal band, was founded in 1995 by percussionist <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Crahan" title="Shawn Crahan">Shawn Crahan</a>, former vocalist <a href="/wiki/Anders_Colsefni" title="Anders Colsefni">Anders Colsefni</a> and bassist <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gray_(American_musician)" title="Paul Gray (American musician)">Paul Gray</a>; the band would be also founded by <a href="/wiki/Joey_Jordison" title="Joey Jordison">Joey Jordison</a>. The band was signed to <a href="/wiki/Roadrunner_Records" title="Roadrunner Records">RoadRunner Records</a> and has become one of the biggest bands in the metal world. The band is still very popular to this day, and is known worldwide for their unique sound and their traumatic upbringing in their early days. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stone_Sour" title="Stone Sour">Stone Sour</a>, an American rock band, was founded in 1992 by <a href="/wiki/Corey_Taylor" title="Corey Taylor">Corey Taylor</a> and former drummer <a href="/wiki/Stone_Sour" title="Stone Sour">Joel Ekman</a>. Corey would later go on to become the lead singer for <a href="/wiki/Slipknot_(band)" title="Slipknot (band)">Slipknot</a>. The band has since been on an indefinite hiatus since 2020. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vended" title="Vended">Vended</a>, an American heavy metal band, was founded in 2018<sup id="cite_ref-:0_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Griffin_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffin Taylor">Griffin Taylor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Crahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Crahan">Simon Crahan</a>, who are the sons of popular <a href="/wiki/Corey_Taylor" title="Corey Taylor">Corey Taylor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Crahan" title="Shawn Crahan">Shawn "Clown" Crahan</a> from <a href="/wiki/Slipknot_(band)" title="Slipknot (band)">Slipknot</a>. They are currently an independent band that has released one studio album in 2024<sup id="cite_ref-:0_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called <i>Vended</i> and several singles and one EP. The band has seen growing success in the past few years, including their 2022 Vended tour in the United States with <a href="/wiki/Jinjer" title="Jinjer">Jinjer</a> and <a href="/wiki/P.O.D." title="P.O.D.">P.O.D.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I235_keynote_bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/I235_keynote_bridge.jpg/220px-I235_keynote_bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/I235_keynote_bridge.jpg/330px-I235_keynote_bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/I235_keynote_bridge.jpg/440px-I235_keynote_bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Edna_Griffin" title="Edna Griffin">Edna M. Griffin</a> Memorial Pedestrian Bridge over <a href="/wiki/Interstate_235_(Iowa)" title="Interstate 235 (Iowa)">Interstate 235</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Des Moines has an extensive <a href="/wiki/Skywalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Skywalk">skywalk</a> system within its downtown core. With over four miles of enclosed walkway, it is one of the largest of such systems in the United States. The Des Moines Skywalk System has been criticized for hurting street-level business, though a recent initiative has been made to make street-level Skywalk entrances more visible. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skywalks_Spanning_7th_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Skywalks_Spanning_7th_Street.jpg/220px-Skywalks_Spanning_7th_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Skywalks_Spanning_7th_Street.jpg/330px-Skywalks_Spanning_7th_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Skywalks_Spanning_7th_Street.jpg/440px-Skywalks_Spanning_7th_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Skywalks connecting buildings over 8th Street in the Downtown Core of Des Moines</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Interstate_235_(Iowa)" title="Interstate 235 (Iowa)">Interstate 235</a> (I-235) cuts through the city, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_35_in_Iowa" title="Interstate 35 in Iowa">I-35</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_Iowa" title="Interstate 80 in Iowa">I-80</a> both pass through the Des Moines metropolitan area, as well as the city of Des Moines. On the northern side of the city of Des Moines and passing through the cities of Altoona, Clive, Johnston, Urbandale and West Des Moines, I-35 and I-80 converge into a long concurrency while I-235 takes a direct route through Des Moines, Windsor Heights, and West Des Moines before meeting up with I-35 and I-80 on the western edge of the metro. The <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Bypass" title="Des Moines Bypass">Des Moines Bypass</a> passes south and east of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other routes in and around the city include <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_6_in_Iowa" title="U.S. Route 6 in Iowa">US 6</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_69_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 69 in Iowa">US 69</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Highway_28" title="Iowa Highway 28">Iowa 28</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Highway_141" title="Iowa Highway 141">Iowa 141</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Highway_163" title="Iowa Highway 163">Iowa 163</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Highway_330" title="Iowa Highway 330">Iowa 330</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Highway_415" title="Iowa Highway 415">Iowa 415</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Highway_160" title="Iowa Highway 160">Iowa 160</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Des_Moines_Skywalk_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Downtown_Des_Moines_Skywalk_Entrance.jpg/220px-Downtown_Des_Moines_Skywalk_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Downtown_Des_Moines_Skywalk_Entrance.jpg/330px-Downtown_Des_Moines_Skywalk_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Downtown_Des_Moines_Skywalk_Entrance.jpg/440px-Downtown_Des_Moines_Skywalk_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A new Des Moines Skywalk Entrance</figcaption></figure> <p>Des Moines's public transit system, operated by DART (<a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Area_Regional_Transit" title="Des Moines Area Regional Transit">Des Moines Area Regional Transit</a>), which was the Des Moines Metropolitan Transit Authority until October 2006, consists entirely of buses, including regular in-city routes and express and commuter buses to outlying suburban areas. </p><p>Characteristics of household ownership of cars in Des Moines are similar to national averages. In 2015, 8.5 percent of Des Moines households lacked a car, and increased to 9.6 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Des Moines averaged 1.71 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Trailways" title="Burlington Trailways">Burlington Trailways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Lines" title="Jefferson Lines">Jefferson Lines</a> run long-distance, intercity bus routes through Des Moines. The <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Bus_Station" title="Des Moines Bus Station">bus station</a> is located north of downtown. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Des_Moines,_Iowa_train_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_train_station.jpg/220px-Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_train_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_train_station.jpg/330px-Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_train_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_train_station.jpg/440px-Des_Moines%2C_Iowa_train_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1267" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>The Des Moines Rock Island station</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Des Moines was historically a train hub, it does not have direct passenger train service. For east–west traffic it was served at the <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Rock_Island_%26_Pacific_Railroad_Depot_(Des_Moines,_Iowa)" title="Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Depot (Des Moines, Iowa)">Rock Island Depot</a> by the <i>Corn Belt Rocket</i> express from <a href="/wiki/Omaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Omaha">Omaha</a> to the west, to <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> in the east. The Rock Island also offered the <i><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Rocket" title="Rocky Mountain Rocket">Rocky Mountain Rocket</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Springs">Colorado Springs</a> in the west, to Chicago, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Twin_Star_Rocket" title="Twin Star Rocket">Twin Star Rocket</a></i> to Minneapolis to the north and Dallas and Houston to the south. The last train was an unnamed service ending at <a href="/wiki/Council_Bluffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Council Bluffs">Council Bluffs</a>, and it was discontinued on May 31, 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, this line constitutes the mainline of the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Interstate_Railroad" title="Iowa Interstate Railroad">Iowa Interstate Railroad</a>. </p><p>Other railroads used the East Des Moines Union Station. Northward and northwest bound, there were <a href="/wiki/Chicago_and_North_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago and North Western">Chicago and North Western</a> trains to destinations including <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wabash_Railroad" title="Wabash Railroad">Wabash Railroad</a> ran service to the southeast to <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>. These lines remain in use but are now operated by Union Pacific and BNSF. </p><p>The nearest <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> station is in <a href="/wiki/Osceola,_Iowa" title="Osceola, Iowa">Osceola</a>, about 40 miles (64 km) south of Des Moines. The <a href="/wiki/Osceola_(Amtrak_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Osceola (Amtrak station)">Osceola station</a> is served by the Chicago–San Francisco <i><a href="/wiki/California_Zephyr" title="California Zephyr">California Zephyr</a></i>; there is no Osceola–Des Moines <a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Thruway" title="Amtrak Thruway">Amtrak Thruway</a> connecting service.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been proposals to extend Amtrak's planned Chicago–Moline <i><a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities_(train)" title="Quad Cities (train)">Quad City Rocket</a></i> to Des Moines via the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Interstate_Railroad" title="Iowa Interstate Railroad">Iowa Interstate Railroad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_International_Airport" title="Des Moines International Airport">Des Moines International Airport</a> (DSM), on Fleur Drive in the southern part of Des Moines, offers nonstop service to destinations within the United States. The only international service is cargo service, but there have been discussions about adding an international terminal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Greater Des Moines Sister City Commission, with members from the City of Des Moines and the suburbs of Cumming, Norwalk, Windsor Heights, Johnston, Urbandale, and Ankeny, maintains <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister city</a> relationships with:<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dfu" title="Kōfu">Kōfu</a>, Japan (1958)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a>, France (1985)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a>, China (1985)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>, Kosovo (2018) (Kosovo also opened Consulate in downtown Des Moines in 2015 – <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Kosovo" title="List of diplomatic missions of Kosovo">List of diplomatic missions of Kosovo</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu" title="Kuala Terengganu">Kuala Terengganu</a>, Malaysia (1987)<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="477" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iowa" title="Portal:Iowa">Iowa portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="List of people from Des Moines, Iowa">List of people from Des Moines, Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-Bop%27s" title="B-Bop's">B-Bop's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moingona" title="Moingona">Moingona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Police_Department_(Iowa)" title="Des Moines Police Department (Iowa)">Des Moines Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Des_Moines" title="USS Des Moines">USS <i>Des Moines</i></a>, 3 ships</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines-class_cruiser" title="Des Moines-class cruiser">Des Moines-class cruiser</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official records for Des Moines kept August 1878 to August 1939 at downtown and at Des Moines Int'l since September 1939. For more information, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org">Threadex</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fifteen-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">From 15% sample</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The total for each race includes those who reported that race alone or in combination with other races. People who reported a combination of multiple races may be counted multiple times, so the sum of all percentages will exceed 100%.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hispanic and Latino origins are separate from race in the U.S. Census. The Census does not distinguish between Latino origins alone or in combination. This row counts Hispanics and Latinos of any race.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShankle1955" class="citation book cs1">Shankle, George Earlie (1955). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americannickname00shan"><i>American nicknames; their origin and significance</i></a></span>. New York: The H.W. Wilson Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americannickname00shan/page/123">123</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-82420-004-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-82420-004-6"><bdi>978-0-82420-004-6</bdi></a>. <q>Des Moines was nicknamed the <i>Hartford of the West</i> because like Hartford, Conn., it is an insurance center.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+nicknames%3B+their+origin+and+significance&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=The+H.W.+Wilson+Company&rft.date=1955&rft.isbn=978-0-82420-004-6&rft.aulast=Shankle&rft.aufirst=George+Earlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericannickname00shan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neal R. Peirce (1973), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JyqbTl9fsc4C&dq=Des+Moines+%22Hartford+of+the+West%22&pg=PA106"><i>The Great Plains States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Nine Great Plains States</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501023540/https://books.google.com/books?id=JyqbTl9fsc4C&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=Des+Moines+%22Hartford+of+the+West%22&source=bl&ots=CBNUgwgLZ5&sig=ypn2JT6v3bH3kCfPwaAUmwJ4G5k&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=13&ct=result">Archived</a> May 1, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, W. W. Norton & Company, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05349-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05349-0">0-393-05349-0</a>, page 106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091104015256/http://www.ci.des-moines.ia.us/departments/CMO/Index.htm">"City Manager's Office"</a>. City of Des Moines – City Manager's Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ci.des-moines.ia.us/departments/CMO/Index.htm">the original</a> on November 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Manager%27s+Office&rft.pub=City+of+Des+Moines+%E2%80%93+City+Manager%27s+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ci.des-moines.ia.us%2Fdepartments%2FCMO%2FIndex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_19.txt">"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2020_Gazetteer%2F2020_gaz_place_19.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/gaz-record/465961">"Geographic Names Information System"</a>. <i>edits.nationalmap.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=edits.nationalmap.gov&rft.atitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fgaz-record%2F465961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCity_of_Des_Moines" class="citation web cs1">City of Des Moines. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207045425/http://www.dmgov.org/departments/AC/Information/AChistoricalinfo.htm">"City of Des Moines Action Center: City History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmgov.org/departments/AC/Information/AChistoricalinfo.htm">the original</a> on December 7, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Des+Moines+Action+Center%3A+City+History&rft.au=City+of+Des+Moines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmgov.org%2Fdepartments%2FAC%2FInformation%2FAChistoricalinfo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cen2020-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cen2020_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cen2020_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cen2020_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/01-Redistricting_File--PL_94-171/Iowa/">"2020 Census State Redistricting Data"</a>. <i>census.gov</i>. United states Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov&rft.atitle=2020+Census+State+Redistricting+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial%2F2020%2Fdata%2F01-Redistricting_File--PL_94-171%2FIowa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msapop-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-msapop_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau" class="citation web cs1">United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html">"Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2010-2018"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602005545/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+and+Micropolitan+Statistical+Areas+Population+Totals%3A+2010-2018&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensus.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2010s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130628035409/http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20130621/BUSINESS/130621005/Microsoft-behind-nearly-700-million-data-center-investment-West-Des-Moines">"Microsoft behind nearly $700 million data center investment in West Des Moines"</a>. <i>Des Moines Register</i>. June 21, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desmoinesregister.com/article/20130621/BUSINESS/130621005/Microsoft-behind-nearly-700-million-data-center-investment-West-Des-Moines">the original</a> on June 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=Microsoft+behind+nearly+%24700+million+data+center+investment+in+West+Des+Moines&rft.date=2013-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.desmoinesregister.com%2Farticle%2F20130621%2FBUSINESS%2F130621005%2FMicrosoft-behind-nearly-700-million-data-center-investment-West-Des-Moines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/net-us-facebook-datacenter-idUSBRE93M10A20130423">"Facebook to build data center near Des Moines, Iowa"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. April 23, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924180801/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/23/net-us-facebook-datacenter-idUSBRE93M10A20130423">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Facebook+to+build+data+center+near+Des+Moines%2C+Iowa&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fnet-us-facebook-datacenter-idUSBRE93M10A20130423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagourney2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Nagourney" title="Adam Nagourney">Nagourney, Adam</a> (December 2, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/12/02/travel/02journeys.html">"In the Spotlight, Ready for Its Close-Up"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090929002547/http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/12/02/travel/02journeys.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+the+Spotlight%2C+Ready+for+Its+Close-Up&rft.date=2007-12-02&rft.aulast=Nagourney&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F12%2F02%2Ftravel%2F02journeys.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20030914/ENT/70323017">Defining 'Des Moines'</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120723212014/http://www.desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20030914/ENT/70323017">Archived</a> July 23, 2012, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>". <i>Des Moines Register</i>. September 14, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Modified from <i>Newsletter of the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Archeological_Society" title="Iowa Archeological Society">Iowa Archeological Society</a></i> 58(1):8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeldt,_Diane2011" class="citation news cs1">Heldt, Diane (August 18, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thegazette.com/2011/08/18/ui-archaeologists-find-7000-year-old-site-in-des-moines/">"UI archaeologists find 7,000-year-old site in Des Moines: More than 6,000 artifacts were found"</a>. <i>The Gazette</i>. Cedar Rapids, Iowa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925095341/http://thegazette.com/2011/08/18/ui-archaeologists-find-7000-year-old-site-in-des-moines/">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=UI+archaeologists+find+7%2C000-year-old+site+in+Des+Moines%3A+More+than+6%2C000+artifacts+were+found&rft.date=2011-08-18&rft.au=Heldt%2C+Diane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthegazette.com%2F2011%2F08%2F18%2Fui-archaeologists-find-7000-year-old-site-in-des-moines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoen,_Christopher_M.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Schoen, Christopher M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17077%2F1088-5943.1178">"A Point of Land and Prehistoric Peoples"</a>. <i>Iowa Heritage Illustrated</i>. <b>86</b> (1): 8–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17077%2F1088-5943.1178">10.17077/1088-5943.1178</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iowa+Heritage+Illustrated&rft.atitle=A+Point+of+Land+and+Prehistoric+Peoples&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=8-9&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17077%2F1088-5943.1178&rft.au=Schoen%2C+Christopher+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.17077%252F1088-5943.1178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DMIndians-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DMIndians_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DMIndians_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittaker2008" class="citation journal cs1">Whittaker, William E. (2008). "Prehistoric and Historic Indians in Downtown Des Moines". <i>Newsletter of the Iowa Archeological Society</i>. <b>58</b> (1): 8–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsletter+of+the+Iowa+Archeological+Society&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+and+Historic+Indians+in+Downtown+Des+Moines&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=8-10&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forts-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forts_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forts_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forts_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenW.E._WhittakerK.E.M._Gourley2009" class="citation book cs1">Schoen, Christopher M.; W.E. Whittaker; K.E.M. Gourley (2009). "Fort Des Moines No. 2, 1843–1846". In William E. Whittaker (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805200748/http://www.uipress.uiowa.edu/books/2009-fall/whittaker.htm"><i>Frontier Forts of Iowa: Indians, Traders, and Soldiers, 1682–1862</i></a>. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. pp. 161–177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58729-831-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58729-831-8"><bdi>978-1-58729-831-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uipress.uiowa.edu/books/2009-fall/whittaker.htm">the original</a> on August 5, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fort+Des+Moines+No.+2%2C+1843%E2%80%931846&rft.btitle=Frontier+Forts+of+Iowa%3A+Indians%2C+Traders%2C+and+Soldiers%2C+1682%E2%80%931862&rft.place=Iowa+City&rft.pages=161-177&rft.pub=University+of+Iowa+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58729-831-8&rft.aulast=Schoen&rft.aufirst=Christopher+M.&rft.au=W.E.+Whittaker&rft.au=K.E.M.+Gourley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuipress.uiowa.edu%2Fbooks%2F2009-fall%2Fwhittaker.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mather, David and Ginalie Swaim (2005) "The Heart of the Best Part: Fort Des Moines No. 2 and the Archaeology of a City", <i>Iowa Heritage Illustrated</i> 86(1):12–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James H. Lees, "History of Coal Mining in Iowa", Chapter III of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1BUMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA566"><i>Annual Report, 1908</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117093152/https://books.google.com/books?id=1BUMAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA415&pg=PA566">Archived</a> January 17, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Iowa Geological Survey. 1909. p. 566.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perkins, Arozina, 1851 letter in: (1984) "Teaching in Fort Des Moines, Iowa: November 13, 1850 to March 21, 1851." In <i>Women Teachers on the Frontier,</i> edited by P. W. Kaufman, pp. 126–143. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills and Company (1866) <i>Des Moines City Directory and Business Guide.</i> Des Moines, Iowa: Mills and Company, p. 6. Microfilm, State Historical Society Library, Iowa City.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brigham, Johnson (1911) <i>Des Moines: The Pioneer of Municipal Progress and Reform of the Middle West.</i> Volume 1. Chicago: S. J. Clarke</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lees_coal-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lees_coal_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James H. Lees, "History of Coal Mining in Iowa", Chapter III of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1BUMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA566"><i>Annual Report, 1908</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160117093152/https://books.google.com/books?id=1BUMAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA415&pg=PA566">Archived</a> January 17, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Iowa Geological Survey, 1909, pages 566–569.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hinds-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hinds_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Hinds, "The Coal Deposits of Iowa", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1BUMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA121"><i>Annual Report, 1908</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116163201/https://books.google.com/books?id=1BUMAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA415&pg=PA121">Archived</a> January 16, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Iowa Geological Survey, 1909, pages 121–127, and see map on page 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tally Sheet, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cfAUAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA1005"><i>Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Convention of the United Mine Workers of America</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116180310/https://books.google.com/books?id=cfAUAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA1005">Archived</a> January 16, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Jan 16 – February 2, 1912, Indianapolis; Volume 2, pages 180A–184A.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">"Iowa — Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">the original</a> on August 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iowa+%E2%80%94+Race+and+Hispanic+Origin+for+Selected+Cities+and+Other+Places%3A+Earliest+Census+to+1990&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0076%2Ftwps0076.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.ia0081">"Historic American Buildings Survey Records"</a>. <i>Hdl.loc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hdl.loc.gov&rft.atitle=Historic+American+Buildings+Survey+Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.loc.gov%2Floc.pnp%2Fhhh.ia0081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dahl, Orin L. (1978) <i>Des Moines: Capital City: A Pictorial and Entertaining Commentary on the Growth and Development of Des Moines, Iowa.</i> Continental Heritage, Tulsa.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gardiner, Allen (2004) <i>Des Moines: A History in Pictures.</i> Heritage Media, San Marcos, California.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citypop-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-citypop_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628184052/http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2009-04-19.xls">"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Iowa: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009"</a>. United States Census Bureau. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Estimates+of+the+Resident+Population+for+Incorporated+Places+in+Iowa%3A+April+1%2C+2000+to+July+1%2C+2009&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopest%2Fcities%2Ftables%2FSUB-EST2009-04-19.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/flood-ravaged-iowa-scrambles-to-mend-levees-protect-water-supplies-and-salvage-homes">"Flood-Ravaged Iowa Scrambles to Mend Levees, Protect Water Supplies and Salvage Homes"</a>. Fox News Channel. June 14, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917161044/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,367004,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 12,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Flood-Ravaged+Iowa+Scrambles+to+Mend+Levees%2C+Protect+Water+Supplies+and+Salvage+Homes&rft.date=2008-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fflood-ravaged-iowa-scrambles-to-mend-levees-protect-water-supplies-and-salvage-homes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dmampo.org/the-tomorrow-plan/">"The Tomorrow Plan"</a>. <i>Des Moines Area MPO</i>. December 22, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Des+Moines+Area+MPO&rft.atitle=The+Tomorrow+Plan&rft.date=2014-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdmampo.org%2Fthe-tomorrow-plan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2015_Gazetteer/2015_gaz_place_19.txt">"Gazetteer files, 2015"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306204611/http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2015_Gazetteer/2015_gaz_place_19.txt">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gazetteer+files%2C+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2015_Gazetteer%2F2015_gaz_place_19.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gazetteer_files-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gazetteer_files_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2015_Gazetteer/2015_gaz_place_19.txt">"US Gazetteer files 2015"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306204611/http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2015_Gazetteer/2015_gaz_place_19.txt">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Gazetteer+files+2015&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2015_Gazetteer%2F2015_gaz_place_19.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-annex-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-annex_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-annex_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCity_of_Des_Moines" class="citation web cs1">City of Des Moines. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmgov.org/NewsDocuments/Annexation.pdf">"Annexation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726001335/http://www.dmgov.org/NewsDocuments/Annexation.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on July 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved on September 5, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gannett.com/about/map/ataglance/desmoin.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100516164756/http://www.gannett.com/about/map/ataglance/desmoin.htm">Archived</a> May 16, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=dmx">"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. 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Weather Atlas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Des+Moines%2C+Iowa%2C+USA+-+Monthly+weather+forecast+and+Climate+data&rft.pub=Weather+Atlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-us.com%2Fen%2Fiowa-usa%2Fdes-moines-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dev.iowadatacenter.org/index.php/download_file/view/169/212">https://dev.iowadatacenter.org/index.php/download_file/view/169/212</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DecennialCensus-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DecennialCensus_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">"Census of Population and Housing"</a>. Census.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=Census.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census1_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census1_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120910062553/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/19/1921000.html">"Des Moines (city), Iowa"</a>. <i>State & County QuickFacts</i>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/19/1921000.html">the original</a> on September 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+%26+County+QuickFacts&rft.atitle=Des+Moines+%28city%29%2C+Iowa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F19%2F1921000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020-census-1921000-P2-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020-census-1921000-P2_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US1921000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"Hispanic or Latino or Not Hispanic or Latino By Race: Des Moines city, Iowa"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i>. U.S. Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=Hispanic+or+Latino+or+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+By+Race%3A+Des+Moines+city%2C+Iowa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fg%3D1600000US1921000%26y%3D2020%26d%3DDEC%2520Redistricting%2520Data%2520%2528PL%252094-171%2529%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_Census_Bureau,_Table_P1:_RACE-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-US_Census_Bureau,_Table_P1:_RACE_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_Census_Bureau,_Table_P1:_RACE_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2020.P1?q=p2&g=160XX00US1921000">"P1: Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Des Moines city, Iowa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P1%3A+Race+%E2%80%93+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Des+Moines+city%2C+Iowa&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FDECENNIALPL2020.P1%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US1921000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=Des%20Moines%20city,%20Iowa%20p16&y=2020">"US Census Bureau, Table P16: HOUSEHOLD TYPE"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau%2C+Table+P16%3A+HOUSEHOLD+TYPE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3DDes%2520Moines%2520city%2C%2520Iowa%2520p16%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-data.census.gov-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-data.census.gov_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-data.census.gov_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-data.census.gov_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-data.census.gov_53-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-data.census.gov_53-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?q=Des%20Moines%20city,%20Iowa%20dp1">"US Census Bureau, Table DP1: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau%2C+Table+DP1%3A+PROFILE+OF+GENERAL+POPULATION+AND+HOUSING+CHARACTERISTICS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FDECENNIALDP2020.DP1%3Fq%3DDes%2520Moines%2520city%2C%2520Iowa%2520dp1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2020/geo/gazetter-file.html">"Gazetteer Files"</a>. <i>Census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=Gazetteer+Files&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2F2020%2Fgeo%2Fgazetter-file.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US1921000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Des Moines city, Iowa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P2%3A+Hispanic+or+Latino%2C+and+Not+Hispanic+or+Latino+by+Race+%E2%80%93+2020%3A+DEC+Redistricting+Data+%28PL+94-171%29+%E2%80%93+Des+Moines+city%2C+Iowa&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26g%3D160XX00US1921000%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020-P5-1921000-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020-P5-1921000_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US1921000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P5">"Group Quarters Population, 2020 Census: Des Moines city, Iowa"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i>. U.S. Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=Group+Quarters+Population%2C+2020+Census%3A+Des+Moines+city%2C+Iowa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fg%3D1600000US1921000%26y%3D2020%26d%3DDEC%2520Redistricting%2520Data%2520%2528PL%252094-171%2529%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1101?q=Des%20Moines%20city,%20Iowa%20s1101%20&y=2020">"US Census Bureau, Table S1101: HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau%2C+Table+S1101%3A+HOUSEHOLDS+AND+FAMILIES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST5Y2020.S1101%3Fq%3DDes%2520Moines%2520city%2C%2520Iowa%2520s1101%2520%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1501?q=Des%20Moines%20city,%20Iowa%20s1501%20&y=2020">"US Census Bureau, Table S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau%2C+Table+S1501%3A+EDUCATIONAL+ATTAINMENT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST5Y2020.S1501%3Fq%3DDes%2520Moines%2520city%2C%2520Iowa%2520s1501%2520%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020-SocChar-1921000-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020-SocChar-1921000_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US1921000&y=2020&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Data%20Profiles&tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP02">"Selected Social Characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey: Des Moines city, Iowa"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i>. U.S. Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=Selected+Social+Characteristics%2C+2020+American+Community+Survey%3A+Des+Moines+city%2C+Iowa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fg%3D1600000US1921000%26y%3D2020%26d%3DACS%25205-Year%2520Estimates%2520Data%2520Profiles%26tid%3DACSDP5Y2020.DP02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1903?q=Des%20Moines%20city,%20Iowa%20s1903%20&y=2020">"US Census Bureau, Table S1903: MEDIAN INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau%2C+Table+S1903%3A+MEDIAN+INCOME+IN+THE+PAST+12+MONTHS+%28IN+2020+INFLATION-ADJUSTED+DOLLARS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST5Y2020.S1903%3Fq%3DDes%2520Moines%2520city%2C%2520Iowa%2520s1903%2520%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S2001?q=Des%20Moines%20city,%20Iowa%20s2001%20&y=2020">"US Census Bureau, Table S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2020 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau%2C+Table+S2001%3A+EARNINGS+IN+THE+PAST+12+MONTHS+%28IN+2020+INFLATION-ADJUSTED+DOLLARS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST5Y2020.S2001%3Fq%3DDes%2520Moines%2520city%2C%2520Iowa%2520s2001%2520%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1701?q=Des%20Moines%20city,%20Iowa%20s1701%20&y=2020">"US Census Bureau, Table S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau%2C+Table+S1701%3A+POVERTY+STATUS+IN+THE+PAST+12+MONTHS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST5Y2020.S1701%3Fq%3DDes%2520Moines%2520city%2C%2520Iowa%2520s1701%2520%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2020.S1702?q=Des%20Moines%20city,%20Iowa%20s1702&y=2020">"US Census Bureau, Table S1702: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS OF FAMILIES"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau%2C+Table+S1702%3A+POVERTY+STATUS+IN+THE+PAST+12+MONTHS+OF+FAMILIES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FACSST5Y2020.S1702%3Fq%3DDes%2520Moines%2520city%2C%2520Iowa%2520s1702%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wwwcensusgov-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213145/http://www.carlisle.k12.ia.us/dist_location.php">Archive</a>) <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Community_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlisle Community Schools">Carlisle Community Schools</a>. Retrieved on April 3, 2013. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saydel.k12.ia.us/Districtinformation.htm">the original</a> on October 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saydel.k12.ia.us%2FDistrictinformation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arbmap-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arbmap_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arbmap_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArbitron" class="citation web cs1">Arbitron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216012114/http://www.arbitron.com/downloads/Arb_US_Metro_Map_06.pdf">"Arbitron Radio Metros Based on Fall 2006 Market Definitions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbitron.com/downloads/Arb_US_Metro_Map_06.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 16, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbitron.com/radio_stations/mm051100.asp">the original</a> on October 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citadelbroadcasting.com/citadel_broadcasting.aspx?mkt=Des+Moines&submit.x=15&submit.y=5">the original</a> on July 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Station+and+Market+Finder&rft.au=Citadel+Communications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citadelbroadcasting.com%2Fcitadel_broadcasting.aspx%3Fmkt%3DDes%2BMoines%26submit.x%3D15%26submit.y%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaga_Communications2022" class="citation web cs1">Saga Communications (August 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsmradio.com/">"Des Moines, IA"</a>. <i>Des Moines Radio Group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Des+Moines+Radio+Group&rft.atitle=Des+Moines%2C+IA&rft.date=2022-08-18&rft.au=Saga+Communications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsmradio.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-northpine-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-northpine_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-northpine_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorthpine.com" class="citation web cs1">Northpine.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northpine.com/broadcast/dials/desmoines.html">"Des Moines Dial Guides"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000122222045/http://www.northpine.com/broadcast/dials/desmoines.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Des+Moines+Dial+Guides&rft.au=Northpine.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northpine.com%2Fbroadcast%2Fdials%2Fdesmoines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIowa_Broadcasters'_Association" class="citation web cs1">Iowa Broadcasters' Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080706052102/http://www.iowabroadcasters.com/ncestat.htm">"Iowa Non-Commercial/Educational Radio Stations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iowabroadcasters.com/ncestat.htm">the original</a> on July 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iowa+Non-Commercial%2FEducational+Radio+Stations&rft.au=Iowa+Broadcasters%27+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iowabroadcasters.com%2Fncestat.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kfmg991.org/listen_now.php">KFMG 99.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110124142248/http://www.kfmg991.org/listen_now.php">Archived</a> January 24, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. KFMG 99.1. Retrieved on September 5, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsen_Media_Research" class="citation web cs1">Nielsen Media Research. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401072025/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2008/09/10/nielsen-local-television-market-universe-estimates/5037/">"Nielsen Local Television Market Universe Estimates"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.com/2008/09/10/nielsen-local-television-market-universe-estimates/5037">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> on April 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nielsen+Local+Television+Market+Universe+Estimates&rft.au=Nielsen+Media+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbythenumbers.com%2F2008%2F09%2F10%2Fnielsen-local-television-market-universe-estimates%2F5037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20180508205231/https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/sports/2018/04/22/sports-tv-listings-des-moines-iowa-what-channel-hawkeyes-what-channel-cyclones/513573002/?from=new-cookie">"Sports TV listings for Des Moines and Iowa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Des_Moines_Register" title="The Des Moines Register">The Des Moines Register</a></i>. Des Moines, Iowa. April 22, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/sports/2018/04/22/sports-tv-listings-des-moines-iowa-what-channel-hawkeyes-what-channel-cyclones/513573002/">the original</a> on May 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=Sports+TV+listings+for+Des+Moines+and+Iowa&rft.date=2018-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.desmoinesregister.com%2Fstory%2Fsports%2F2018%2F04%2F22%2Fsports-tv-listings-des-moines-iowa-what-channel-hawkeyes-what-channel-cyclones%2F513573002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurrellesLuce" class="citation web cs1">BurrellesLuce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burrellesluce.com/top100/2007_Top_100List.pdf">"Top 100 US Daily Newspapers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171202203212/https://www.burrellesluce.com/top100/2007_Top_100List.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+100+US+Daily+Newspapers&rft.au=BurrellesLuce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.burrellesluce.com%2Ftop100%2F2007_Top_100List.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vended" title="Vended">Vended</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120103449/http://www.kcci.com/automotive/27825552/detail.html">"New Interstate 335 Coming to DM Area?"</a>. KCCI News Channel 8. May 9, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcci.com/automotive/27825552/detail.html">the original</a> on January 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Interstate+335+Coming+to+DM+Area%3F&rft.pub=KCCI+News+Channel+8&rft.date=2011-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcci.com%2Fautomotive%2F27825552%2Fdetail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180511162014/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html">"Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map"</a>. <i>Governing</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html">the original</a> on May 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Governing&rft.atitle=Car+Ownership+in+U.S.+Cities+Data+and+Map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.governing.com%2Fgov-data%2Fcar-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Rock Island Lines, Table 1". <i>Official Guide of the Railways</i>. <b>102</b> (12). National Railway Publication Company. May 1970.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Official+Guide+of+the+Railways&rft.atitle=Rock+Island+Lines%2C+Table+1&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=12&rft.date=1970-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul C. Nelson, University of Iowa, 'Annals of Iowa,' <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1971</span>, 'a"Rise and Decline of the Rock Island Passenger Train in the 20th Century,'a" Part II, p. 751 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pubs.lib.uiowa.edu/annals-of-iowa/article/6748/galley/115521/view/">https://pubs.lib.uiowa.edu/annals-of-iowa/article/6748/galley/115521/view/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/181/305/Natl-System-Timetable-0317.pdf">"The Amtrak System"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Amtrak</i> (Map). March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901063807/https://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/181/305/Natl-System-Timetable-0317.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amtrak&rft.atitle=The+Amtrak+System&rft.date=2017-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amtrak.com%2Fccurl%2F181%2F305%2FNatl-System-Timetable-0317.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span> While this source is suggestive, it is not <em>definitive</em>: the map does not include all stations, due to the zoom (c.f. the tiny print).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iowadot.gov/iowarail/amtrakstudy/Iowa%20DOT%20Chicago-Iowa%20City%20Executive%20Summary.pdf">"Iowa DOT Chicago-Iowa City Executive Summary.pdf"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170909192625/https://www.iowadot.gov/iowarail/amtrakstudy/Iowa%20DOT%20Chicago-Iowa%20City%20Executive%20Summary.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iowa+DOT+Chicago-Iowa+City+Executive+Summary.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiowadot.gov%2Fiowarail%2Famtrakstudy%2FIowa%2520DOT%2520Chicago-Iowa%2520City%2520Executive%2520Summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iowadot.gov/iowainmotion/railplan/2017/IowaSRP2017_Ch3.pdf"><i>Iowa State Rail Plan Final</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Iowa DOT. 2017. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013125256/https://www.iowadot.gov/iowainmotion/railplan/2017/IowaSRP2017_Ch3.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iowa+State+Rail+Plan+Final&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Iowa+DOT&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iowadot.gov%2Fiowainmotion%2Frailplan%2F2017%2FIowaSRP2017_Ch3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dsm.city/departments/city_manager_s_office/greater_des_moines_sister_cities_commission.php">"Greater Des Moines Sister Cities Commission"</a>. City of Des Moines<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greater+Des+Moines+Sister+Cities+Commission&rft.pub=City+of+Des+Moines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsm.city%2Fdepartments%2Fcity_manager_s_office%2Fgreater_des_moines_sister_cities_commission.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAschbrenner2015" class="citation web cs1">Aschbrenner, Joel (November 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/local/des-moines/2015/11/03/kosovo-open-consulate-downtown-des-moines/74837908/">"Kosovo to open consulate in downtown Des Moines"</a>. Des Moines register<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kosovo+to+open+consulate+in+downtown+Des+Moines&rft.pub=Des+Moines+register&rft.date=2015-11-03&rft.aulast=Aschbrenner&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.desmoinesregister.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fdes-moines%2F2015%2F11%2F03%2Fkosovo-open-consulate-downtown-des-moines%2F74837908%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210717111409/https://www.iowasisterstates.org/who-we-are">"Who We Are"</a>. <i>Iowa Sister States</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iowasisterstates.org/who-we-are">the original</a> on July 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iowa+Sister+States&rft.atitle=Who+We+Are&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iowasisterstates.org%2Fwho-we-are&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Des_Moines,_Iowa#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Des Moines, Iowa">Bibliography of the history of Des Moines, Iowa</a></div> <ul><li>Friedericks, William B. <i>Covering Iowa: The History of the Des Moines Register and Tribune Company, 1849-1985</i> (Iowa State University Press, 2000), 318 pp.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207045425/http://www.dmgov.org/departments/AC/Information/AChistoricalinfo.htm">"City of Des Moines Action Center Historical Guide"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmgov.org/departments/AC/Information/AChistoricalinfo.htm">the original</a> on December 7, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Des+Moines+Action+Center+Historical+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmgov.org%2Fdepartments%2FAC%2FInformation%2FAChistoricalinfo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenningBeam2003" class="citation book cs1">Henning, Barbara Beving Long & Beam, Patrice K. (2003). <i>Des Moines and Polk County: Flag on the Prairie</i>. Sun Valley, California: American Historical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-892724-34-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-892724-34-0"><bdi>1-892724-34-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Des+Moines+and+Polk+County%3A+Flag+on+the+Prairie&rft.place=Sun+Valley%2C+California&rft.pub=American+Historical+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-892724-34-0&rft.aulast=Henning&rft.aufirst=Barbara+Beving+Long&rft.au=Beam%2C+Patrice+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADes+Moines%2C+Iowa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Moines,_Iowa&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Category:Des Moines, Iowa">About</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Des Moines Public Schools">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Flag of Des Moines, Iowa">Flag</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_River" title="Des Moines River">Des Moines River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_metropolitan_area" title="Des Moines metropolitan area">Greater Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Des_Moines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings in Des Moines">Skyline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_River" title="Raccoon River">Raccoon River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Des_Moines_Provisional_Army_Officer_Training_School" title="Fort Des Moines Provisional Army Officer Training School">Fort Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Timeline of Des Moines, Iowa">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Media in Des Moines, Iowa">Media</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Des_Moines_Register" title="The Des Moines Register">The Des Moines Register</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Des_Moines_Radio" title="Template:Des Moines Radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Des_Moines_TV" title="Template:Des Moines TV">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Transportation">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Area_Regional_Transit" title="Des Moines Area Regional Transit">DART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Bus_Station" title="Des Moines Bus Station">Des Moines Bus Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_International_Airport" title="Des Moines International Airport">Des Moines International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_235_(Iowa)" title="Interstate 235 (Iowa)">I-235</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaverdale_(Des_Moines)" title="Beaverdale (Des Moines)">Beaverdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_Park_Historic_District" title="Chautauqua Park Historic District">Chautauqua Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Des_Moines" title="Downtown Des Moines">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_University_Campus_Historic_District" title="Drake University Campus Historic District">Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Park_Historic_Business_District_at_Euclid_and_Sixth_Avenues" title="Highland Park Historic Business District at Euclid and Sixth Avenues">Highland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Village_(Des_Moines)" title="East Village (Des Moines)">Historic East Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_Second_Plat_Historic_District" title="Prospect Park Second Plat Historic District">Prospect Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_and_Forest_Historic_District" title="Sixth and Forest Historic District">Riverbend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverview_Park_Plat_Historic_District" title="Riverview Park Plat Historic District">Riverview Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Hill_Historic_District" title="Sherman Hill Historic District">Sherman Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Des Moines, Iowa">Culture and<br />attractions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/515_Alive" title="515 Alive">515 Alive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80/35_Music_Festival" title="80/35 Music Festival">80/35 Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventureland_(Iowa)" title="Adventureland (Iowa)">Adventureland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_Des_Moines" title="Ballet Des Moines">Ballet Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blank_Park_Zoo" title="Blank Park Zoo">Blank Park Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Center_of_Greater_Des_Moines" title="Civic Center of Greater Des Moines">Civic Center of Greater Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Art_Center" title="Des Moines Art Center">Des Moines Art Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Arts_Festival" title="Des Moines Arts Festival">Des Moines Arts Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Metro_Opera" title="Des Moines Metro Opera">Des Moines Metro Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Public_Library" title="Des Moines Public Library">Des Moines Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Symphony" title="Des Moines Symphony">Des Moines Symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_Stadium_(Drake_University)" title="Drake Stadium (Drake University)">Drake Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver_Bridge" title="George Washington Carver Bridge">George Washington Carver Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Des_Moines_Botanical_Garden" title="Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden">Greater Des Moines Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinterland_Music_Festival" title="Hinterland Music Festival">Hinterland Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Sherman_Place" title="Hoyt Sherman Place">Hoyt Sherman Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Events_Center" title="Iowa Events Center">Iowa Events Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_Choice_Credit_Union_Convention_Center" title="Community Choice Credit Union Convention Center">Community Choice Credit Union Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hy-Vee_Hall" title="Hy-Vee Hall">Hy-Vee Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Arena_(Des_Moines,_Iowa)" title="Wells Fargo Arena (Des Moines, Iowa)">Wells Fargo Arena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Capitol" title="Iowa State Capitol">Iowa State Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Fair" title="Iowa State Fair">Iowa State Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Fairgrounds" title="Iowa State Fairgrounds">Iowa State Fairgrounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_History_Farms" title="Living History Farms">Living History Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Meadows" title="Prairie Meadows">Prairie Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Park" title="Principal Park">Principal Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Riverwalk" title="Principal Riverwalk">Principal Riverwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saylorville_Lake" title="Saylorville Lake">Saylorville Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Center_of_Iowa" title="Science Center of Iowa">Science Center of Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_for_Performing_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple for Performing Arts">Temple for Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_Hill" title="Terrace Hill">Terrace Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Works_Park_(Des_Moines)" title="Water Works Park (Des Moines)">Water Works Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Gateway_Park" title="Western Gateway Park">Western Gateway Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Education">Higher education<br />and research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_University" title="Des Moines University">Des Moines University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Area_Community_College" title="Des Moines Area Community College">DMACC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_University" title="Drake University">Drake University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Baptist_Bible_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Faith Baptist Bible College">Faith Baptist Bible College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_View_University" title="Grand View University">Grand View University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Primate_Learning_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary">Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpson_College" title="Simpson College">Simpson College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Historical_Society_of_Iowa" title="State Historical Society of Iowa">State Historical Society of Iowa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Creek_Town_Center" title="Jordan Creek Town Center">Jordan Creek Town Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleidoscope_at_the_Hub" title="Kaleidoscope at the Hub">Kaleidoscope at the Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merle_Hay_Mall" title="Merle Hay Mall">Merle Hay Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southridge_Mall_(Iowa)" title="Southridge Mall (Iowa)">Southridge Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_West_Mall" title="Valley West Mall">Valley West Mall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_in_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Category:Sports in Des Moines, Iowa">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Buccaneers" title="Des Moines Buccaneers">Des Moines Buccaneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Marathon" title="Des Moines Marathon">Des Moines Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Menace" title="Des Moines Menace">Des Moines Menace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_Bulldogs" title="Drake Bulldogs">Drake University Bulldogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_Relays" title="Drake Relays">Drake Relays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Barnstormers" title="Iowa Barnstormers">Iowa Barnstormers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Cubs" title="Iowa Cubs">Iowa Cubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Wild" title="Iowa Wild">Iowa Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Wolves" title="Iowa Wolves">Iowa Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauridsen_Skatepark" title="Lauridsen Skatepark">Lauridsen Skatepark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Charity_Classic" title="Principal Charity Classic">Principal Charity Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_metropolitan_area" title="Des Moines metropolitan area">Des Moines metropolitan area</a></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Category:Des Moines, Iowa">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_relating_to_Des_Moines,_Iowa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_relating_to_Des_Moines,_Iowa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles relating to Des Moines, Iowa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Polk_County,_Iowa,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Template:Polk County, Iowa"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Template talk:Polk County, Iowa"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polk County, Iowa"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Polk_County,_Iowa,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Polk County, Iowa"><span class="region">Polk County, Iowa</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Des Moines</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alleman,_Iowa" title="Alleman, Iowa">Alleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Iowa" title="Altoona, Iowa">Altoona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankeny,_Iowa" title="Ankeny, Iowa">Ankeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondurant,_Iowa" title="Bondurant, Iowa">Bondurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Iowa" title="Carlisle, Iowa">Carlisle</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive,_Iowa" title="Clive, Iowa">Clive</a>‡</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Des Moines</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhart,_Iowa" title="Elkhart, Iowa">Elkhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granger,_Iowa" title="Granger, Iowa">Granger</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimes,_Iowa" title="Grimes, Iowa">Grimes</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston,_Iowa" title="Johnston, Iowa">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchellville,_Iowa" title="Mitchellville, Iowa">Mitchellville</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_Iowa" title="Norwalk, Iowa">Norwalk</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Hill,_Iowa" title="Pleasant Hill, Iowa">Pleasant Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polk_City,_Iowa" title="Polk City, Iowa">Polk City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runnells,_Iowa" title="Runnells, Iowa">Runnells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldahl,_Iowa" title="Sheldahl, Iowa">Sheldahl</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbandale,_Iowa" title="Urbandale, Iowa">Urbandale</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="West Des Moines, Iowa">West Des Moines</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Heights,_Iowa" title="Windsor Heights, Iowa">Windsor Heights</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Iowa highlighting Polk County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Polk_County.svg/75px-Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Polk_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Polk_County.svg/113px-Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Polk_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Polk_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Polk_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1783" data-file-height="1168" /></span><figcaption>Map of Iowa highlighting Polk County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Allen Township, Polk County, Iowa">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Beaver Township, Polk County, Iowa">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Bloomfield Township, Polk County, Iowa">Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Camp Township, Polk County, Iowa">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Clay Township, Polk County, Iowa">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocker_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Crocker Township, Polk County, Iowa">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Delaware Township, Polk County, Iowa">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Des Moines Township, Polk County, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Douglas Township, Polk County, Iowa">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhart_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Elkhart Township, Polk County, Iowa">Elkhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mile_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Four Mile Township, Polk County, Iowa">Four Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Franklin Township, Polk County, Iowa">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Jefferson Township, Polk County, Iowa">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Lee Township, Polk County, Iowa">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Lincoln Township, Polk County, Iowa">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Madison Township, Polk County, Iowa">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saylor_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Saylor Township, Polk County, Iowa">Saylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Union Township, Polk County, Iowa">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Walnut Township, Polk County, Iowa">Walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Washington Township, Polk County, Iowa">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_Township,_Polk_County,_Iowa" title="Webster Township, Polk County, Iowa">Webster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saylorville,_Iowa" title="Saylorville, Iowa">Saylorville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelphi,_Iowa" title="Adelphi, Iowa">Adelphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avon,_Iowa" title="Avon, Iowa">Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berwick,_Iowa" title="Berwick, Iowa">Berwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocker,_Iowa" title="Crocker, Iowa">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise,_Iowa" title="Enterprise, Iowa">Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Iowa" title="Farrar, Iowa">Farrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrold,_Iowa" title="Herrold, Iowa">Herrold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy,_Iowa" title="Ivy, Iowa">Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oralabor,_Iowa" title="Oralabor, Iowa">Oralabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saylor,_Iowa" title="Saylor, Iowa">Saylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dudley,_Polk_County,_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudley, Polk County, Iowa">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zook_Spur,_Iowa" title="Zook Spur, Iowa">Zook Spur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iowa_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Iowa (state)"><span>Iowa portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Warren_County,_Iowa,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Template:Warren County, Iowa"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Template talk:Warren County, Iowa"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Warren County, Iowa"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Warren_County,_Iowa,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Warren County, Iowa"><span class="region">Warren County, Iowa</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Indianola,_Iowa" title="Indianola, Iowa"><span>Indianola</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ackworth,_Iowa" title="Ackworth, Iowa">Ackworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevington,_Iowa" title="Bevington, Iowa">Bevington</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Iowa" title="Carlisle, Iowa">Carlisle</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumming,_Iowa" title="Cumming, Iowa">Cumming</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Des Moines</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Iowa" title="Hartford, Iowa">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianola,_Iowa" title="Indianola, Iowa">Indianola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacona,_Iowa" title="Lacona, Iowa">Lacona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martensdale,_Iowa" title="Martensdale, Iowa">Martensdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo,_Iowa" title="Milo, Iowa">Milo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Virginia,_Iowa" title="New Virginia, Iowa">New Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_Iowa" title="Norwalk, Iowa">Norwalk</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandyville,_Iowa" title="Sandyville, Iowa">Sandyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Hill,_Iowa" title="Spring Hill, Iowa">Spring Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Marys,_Iowa" title="St. Marys, Iowa">St. Marys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="West Des Moines, Iowa">West Des Moines</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Iowa highlighting Warren County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Warren_County.svg/75px-Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Warren_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Warren_County.svg/113px-Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Warren_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Warren_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Iowa_highlighting_Warren_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1783" data-file-height="1168" /></span><figcaption>Map of Iowa highlighting Warren County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Allen Township, Warren County, Iowa">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Belmont Township, Warren County, Iowa">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Greenfield Township, Warren County, Iowa">Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jackson Township, Warren County, Iowa (page does not exist)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jefferson_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jefferson Township, Warren County, Iowa (page does not exist)">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberty_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberty Township, Warren County, Iowa (page does not exist)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lincoln Township, Warren County, Iowa (page does not exist)">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linn_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linn Township, Warren County, Iowa (page does not exist)">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Otter Township, Warren County, Iowa">Otter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmyra_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmyra Township, Warren County, Iowa (page does not exist)">Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richland_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richland Township, Warren County, Iowa (page does not exist)">Richland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squaw_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Squaw Township, Warren County, Iowa">Squaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union Township, Warren County, Iowa (page does not exist)">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa" title="Virginia Township, Warren County, Iowa">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Breast_Township,_Warren_County,_Iowa" title="White Breast Township, Warren County, Iowa">White Breast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Oak,_Warren_County,_Iowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Oak, Warren County, Iowa (page does not exist)">White Oak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beech,_Iowa" title="Beech, Iowa">Beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchville,_Iowa" title="Churchville, Iowa">Churchville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarkson,_Iowa" title="Clarkson, Iowa">Clarkson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Center,_Iowa" title="Liberty Center, Iowa">Liberty Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prole,_Iowa" title="Prole, Iowa">Prole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iowa_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Iowa (state)"><span>Iowa portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_state_capitals" title="Template talk:US state capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_state_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US state capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capitals of the United States by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <p><b>Nation:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> <p><b>States:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">AL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">AK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">AR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">CO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">DE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">IL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">IN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Des Moines</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">KS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">KY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Frankfort,_Kentucky" title="Frankfort, Kentucky">Frankfort</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">LA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">ME</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">MS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">MO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">MT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">NE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">NH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">NM</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">ND</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">OH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">OK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">RI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">SD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">TN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_West_Virginia" title="Charleston, West Virginia">Charleston</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">WI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">WY</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a></li></ul> <p><b>Territories:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">AS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">GU</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">MP</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">PR</a></b> <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">VI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands">Charlotte Amalie</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Midwestern_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template talk:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Midwestern_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Culture" title="Midwestern United States">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Physical_geography" title="Midwestern United States">Geography</a></li> <li>Economy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Political_trends" title="Midwestern United States">Government and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#History" title="Midwestern United States">History</a></li> <li>Sports</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Subregions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Northern Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_states" title="East North Central states">East North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_North_Central_states" title="West North Central states">West North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="#Cultural_overlap">Southern Midwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">State capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame_(1949–2023)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:All-America City Award Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="All-America_City_Award_Hall_of_Fame_(1949–2023)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/All-America_City_Award" title="All-America City Award">All-America City Award</a> Hall of Fame (1949–2023)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, VA</a> (1963, 1984, 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown, PA</a> (1962, 1974, 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, NC</a> (1951, 1969, 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, IN</a> (1958, 1981, 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, MA</a> (1949, 1951, 1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, OH</a> (1949, 1950, 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, OH</a> (1951, 1978, 1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delray_Beach,_Florida" title="Delray Beach, Florida">Delray Beach, FL</a> (1993, 2001, 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburg,_Texas" title="Edinburg, Texas">Edinburg, TX</a> (1968, 1995, 2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, TX</a> (1964, 1993, 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastonia,_North_Carolina" title="Gastonia, North Carolina">Gastonia, NC</a> (1963, 2000, 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids, MI</a> (1949, 1960, 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory,_North_Carolina" title="Hickory, North Carolina">Hickory, NC</a> (1967, 1987, 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence, MO</a> (1961, 1982, 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurinburg,_North_Carolina" title="Laurinburg, North Carolina">Laurinburg, NC</a> (1956, 1967, 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_South_Carolina" title="Mount Pleasant, South Carolina">Mount Pleasant, SC</a> (2010, 2018, 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, VA</a> (1959, 2013, 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a> (1981, 1998, 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward, AK</a> (1963, 1965, 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, LA</a> (1953, 1980, 1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville, MA</a> (1972, 2009, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, WA</a> (1975, 2004, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, WA</a> (1956, 1984, 1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Four-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">Akron, OH</a> (1980, 1981, 1995, 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, AK</a> (1956, 1965, 1985, 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, MD</a> (1952, 1977, 1991, 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, OH</a> (1958, 1987, 1992, 2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_North_Carolina" title="Fayetteville, North Carolina">Fayetteville, NC</a> (1985, 2001, 2011, 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, IN</a> (1983, 1998, 2009, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Island,_Nebraska" title="Grand Island, Nebraska">Grand Island, NE</a> (1955, 1967, 1981, 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton, VA</a> (1972, 2002, 2014, 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, KY</a> (1963, 1995, 2012, 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria, IL</a> (1953, 1966, 1989, 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, PA</a> (1949, 1951, 1957, 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockville,_Maryland" title="Rockville, Maryland">Rockville, MD</a> (1954, 1961, 1977, 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, OH</a> (1950, 1983, 1984, 1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Five-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, OH</a> (1949, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa" title="Dubuque, Iowa">Dubuque, IA</a> (2007, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, TX</a> (1969, 2010, 2018, 2020, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, CT</a> (1958, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, CA</a> (1999, 2004, 2015, 2017, 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupelo,_Mississippi" title="Tupelo, Mississippi">Tupelo, MS</a> (1967, 1989, 1999, 2011, 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, KS</a> (1961, 1993, 1999, 2009, 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, MA</a> (1949, 1960, 1965, 1981, 2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Six-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Des Moines, IA</a> (1949, 1977, 1982, 2003, 2010, 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, AZ</a> (1950, 1958, 1980, 1989, 2009, 2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seven-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, MO</a> (1950, 1951, 1986, 1994, 2006, 2017, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke, VA</a> (1952, 1979, 1982, 1988, 1996, 2012, 2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nine-time winners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, TX</a> (1949, 1951, 1983, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2022, 2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Iowa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iowa_county_seats" title="Template:Iowa county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iowa_county_seats" title="Template talk:Iowa county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iowa_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iowa county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Iowa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adel,_Iowa" title="Adel, Iowa">Adel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albia,_Iowa" title="Albia, Iowa">Albia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algona,_Iowa" title="Algona, Iowa">Algona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison,_Iowa" title="Allison, Iowa">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anamosa,_Iowa" title="Anamosa, Iowa">Anamosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic,_Iowa" title="Atlantic, Iowa">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audubon,_Iowa" title="Audubon, Iowa">Audubon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford,_Iowa" title="Bedford, Iowa">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield,_Iowa" title="Bloomfield, Iowa">Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boone,_Iowa" title="Boone, Iowa">Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Iowa" title="Burlington, Iowa">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll,_Iowa" title="Carroll, Iowa">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Rapids,_Iowa" title="Cedar Rapids, Iowa">Cedar Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerville,_Iowa" title="Centerville, Iowa">Centerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton,_Iowa" title="Chariton, Iowa">Chariton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_City,_Iowa" title="Charles City, Iowa">Charles City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee,_Iowa" title="Cherokee, Iowa">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarinda,_Iowa" title="Clarinda, Iowa">Clarinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarion,_Iowa" title="Clarion, Iowa">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Iowa" title="Clinton, Iowa">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corning,_Iowa" title="Corning, Iowa">Corning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corydon,_Iowa" title="Corydon, Iowa">Corydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_Bluffs,_Iowa" title="Council Bluffs, Iowa">Council Bluffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresco,_Iowa" title="Cresco, Iowa">Cresco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creston,_Iowa" title="Creston, Iowa">Creston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_City,_Iowa" title="Dakota City, Iowa">Dakota City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorah,_Iowa" title="Decorah, Iowa">Decorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denison,_Iowa" title="Denison, Iowa">Denison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa" title="Dubuque, Iowa">Dubuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldora,_Iowa" title="Eldora, Iowa">Eldora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkader,_Iowa" title="Elkader, Iowa">Elkader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmetsburg,_Iowa" title="Emmetsburg, Iowa">Emmetsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estherville,_Iowa" title="Estherville, Iowa">Estherville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfield,_Iowa" title="Fairfield, Iowa">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_City,_Iowa" title="Forest City, Iowa">Forest City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dodge,_Iowa" title="Fort Dodge, Iowa">Fort Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Madison,_Iowa" title="Fort Madison, Iowa">Fort Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garner,_Iowa" title="Garner, Iowa">Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood,_Iowa" title="Glenwood, Iowa">Glenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Iowa" title="Greenfield, Iowa">Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundy_Center,_Iowa" title="Grundy Center, Iowa">Grundy Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthrie_Center,_Iowa" title="Guthrie Center, Iowa">Guthrie Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Iowa" title="Hampton, Iowa">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan,_Iowa" title="Harlan, Iowa">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Grove,_Iowa" title="Ida Grove, Iowa">Ida Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Iowa" title="Independence, Iowa">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianola,_Iowa" title="Indianola, Iowa">Indianola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_City,_Iowa" title="Iowa City, Iowa">Iowa City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_Iowa" title="Jefferson, Iowa">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keokuk,_Iowa" title="Keokuk, Iowa">Keokuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keosauqua,_Iowa" title="Keosauqua, Iowa">Keosauqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville,_Iowa" title="Knoxville, Iowa">Knoxville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mars,_Iowa" title="Le Mars, Iowa">Le Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon,_Iowa" title="Leon, Iowa">Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan,_Iowa" title="Logan, Iowa">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Iowa" title="Manchester, Iowa">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maquoketa,_Iowa" title="Maquoketa, Iowa">Maquoketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marengo,_Iowa" title="Marengo, Iowa">Marengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshalltown,_Iowa" title="Marshalltown, Iowa">Marshalltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_City,_Iowa" title="Mason City, Iowa">Mason City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montezuma,_Iowa" title="Montezuma, Iowa">Montezuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ayr,_Iowa" title="Mount Ayr, Iowa">Mount Ayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Iowa" title="Mount Pleasant, Iowa">Mount Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscatine,_Iowa" title="Muscatine, Iowa">Muscatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada,_Iowa" title="Nevada, Iowa">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampton,_Iowa" title="New Hampton, Iowa">New Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Iowa" title="Newton, Iowa">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwood,_Iowa" title="Northwood, Iowa">Northwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onawa,_Iowa" title="Onawa, Iowa">Onawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_City,_Iowa" title="Orange City, Iowa">Orange City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage,_Iowa" title="Osage, Iowa">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osceola,_Iowa" title="Osceola, Iowa">Osceola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskaloosa,_Iowa" title="Oskaloosa, Iowa">Oskaloosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottumwa,_Iowa" title="Ottumwa, Iowa">Ottumwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas,_Iowa" title="Pocahontas, Iowa">Pocahontas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primghar,_Iowa" title="Primghar, Iowa">Primghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Oak,_Iowa" title="Red Oak, Iowa">Red Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Rapids,_Iowa" title="Rock Rapids, Iowa">Rock Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_City,_Iowa" title="Rockwell City, Iowa">Rockwell City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sac_City,_Iowa" title="Sac City, Iowa">Sac City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibley,_Iowa" title="Sibley, Iowa">Sibley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney,_Iowa" title="Sidney, Iowa">Sidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigourney,_Iowa" title="Sigourney, Iowa">Sigourney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_City,_Iowa" title="Sioux City, Iowa">Sioux City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer,_Iowa" title="Spencer, Iowa">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Lake,_Iowa" title="Spirit Lake, Iowa">Spirit Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Lake,_Iowa" title="Storm Lake, Iowa">Storm Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipton,_Iowa" title="Tipton, Iowa">Tipton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Iowa" title="Toledo, Iowa">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinton,_Iowa" title="Vinton, Iowa">Vinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapello,_Iowa" title="Wapello, Iowa">Wapello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_Iowa" title="Washington, Iowa">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Iowa" title="Waterloo, Iowa">Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waukon,_Iowa" title="Waukon, Iowa">Waukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverly,_Iowa" title="Waverly, Iowa">Waverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_City,_Iowa" title="Webster City, Iowa">Webster City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Union,_Iowa" title="West Union, Iowa">West Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterset,_Iowa" title="Winterset, Iowa">Winterset</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39709#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4294593-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79081388">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12036743q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12036743q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Des Moines (Iowa)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0117196&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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