CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Val – Wikipedija/Википедија</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )shwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy sh-latn","wgMonthNames":["","januar","februar","mart","april","maj","juni","juli","august","septembar","oktobar","novembar","decembar"],"wgRequestId":"e1d52db9-04c3-4c7c-8fd8-eeb2020448ae","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Val","wgTitle":"Val","wgCurRevisionId":41809773,"wgRevisionId":41809773,"wgArticleId":97601,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Valovi","Fundamentalni koncepti fizike"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sh-latn","wgPageContentLanguage":"sh-latn","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Val","wgRelevantArticleId":97601,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgUserVariant":"sh-latn","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sh-latn"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q37172","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.8"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready", "user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging", "ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});mw.user.options.set({"language":"sh-latn"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sh-latn&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sh-latn&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sh-latn&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/1200px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="825"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/800px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="550"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/640px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="440"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Val – Wikipedija/Википедија"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Uredi" href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedija (sh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sh" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sh-Cyrl" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Val&variant=sh-cyrl"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sh-Latn" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Val&variant=sh-latn"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedija Atom fid" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Nedavne_izmjene&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Val rootpage-Val skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Prijeđi na sadržaj</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Glavni meni" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Glavni meni</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Glavni meni</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glavna_stranica" title="Posjetite glavnu stranicu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Glavna stranica</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Istaknuti_%C4%8Dlanci" title="Pronađite najkvalitetnije članke"><span>Istaknuti članci</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nedavne_izmjene" title="Prelistajte nove izmjene [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Nedavne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Slu%C4%8Dajna_stranica" title="Otvorite slučajan članak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Nasumičan članak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Interakcija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Sadr%C5%BEaj" title="Saznajte više o upotrebi i uređivanju"><span>Pomoć</span></a></li><li id="n-sidebar-village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Pijaca"><span>Pijaca</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Portal_zajednice" title="Pronađite aktualne zadatke i akcije"><span>Radionica</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Novosti" title="Pogledajte tekuće događaje i aktualnosti"><span>Novosti</span></a></li><li id="n-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://forum.movement-strategy.org/c/general/meduprojektniforum/40" rel="nofollow"><span>Međuprojektni forum</span></a></li><li id="n-discord" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://discord.gg/khcKdUUxYY" rel="nofollow"><span>Discord</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Glavna_stranica" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sh-latn.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sh-latn.svg" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Pretražite Wikipediju [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pretraga</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pretražite Wikipediju" aria-label="Pretražite Wikipediju" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Pretražite Wikipediju [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Traži"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Pretraži</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobne alatke"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izgled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izgled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sh.wikipedia.org&uselang=sh" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Stvori_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Val" title="Preporučujemo da izradite račun i prijavite se, ali to nije obavezno" class=""><span>Izradi račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Val" title="Preporučujemo da se prijavite, ali to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijavi me</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Više mogućnosti" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osobne alatke" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osobne alatke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Korisnički meni" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sh.wikipedia.org&uselang=sh"><span>Donacije</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Stvori_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Val" title="Preporučujemo da izradite račun i prijavite se, ali to nije obavezno"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Izradi račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Val" title="Preporučujemo da se prijavite, ali to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijavi me</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Ezatvori\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"sh\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system\" style=\"clear: both; margin: 0.2em 0; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #f9f9f9; width: 100%; background: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid black; padding: 2px 5px\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\t\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\n \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Mjesec_Azije/2024\" title=\"Wikipedija:Mjesec Azije/2024\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/25px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"27\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/38px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/50px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"859\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"\"\u003E Od 1. do 30. novembra održava se uređivački maraton \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Mjesec_Azije/2024\" title=\"Wikipedija:Mjesec Azije/2024\"\u003EMjesec Azije\u003C/a\u003E. \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Svojstva_valova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svojstva_valova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Svojstva valova</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Svojstva_valova-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Svojstva valova</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Svojstva_valova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brzina_valova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brzina_valova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Brzina valova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brzina_valova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vrste_valova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vrste_valova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vrste valova</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vrste_valova-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Vrste valova</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vrste_valova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mehanički_valovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mehanički_valovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mehanički valovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mehanički_valovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektromagnetski_valovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektromagnetski_valovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Elektromagnetski valovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektromagnetski_valovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harmonijski_val" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harmonijski_val"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Harmonijski val</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harmonijski_val-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Površinski_i_prostorni_valovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Površinski_i_prostorni_valovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Površinski i prostorni valovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Površinski_i_prostorni_valovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stojni_valovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stojni_valovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Stojni valovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stojni_valovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valovi_tvari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valovi_tvari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Valovi tvari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valovi_tvari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gravitacijski_valovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gravitacijski_valovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Gravitacijski valovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gravitacijski_valovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Val</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 104 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(fisika)" title="Golf (fisika) — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Golf (fisika)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_(fisica)" title="Onda (fisica) — Aragonežanski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Onda (fisica)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonežanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="موجة — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90" title="ܓܠܠܐ — Armajski" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܠܠܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Armajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="الموجات — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الموجات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dal%C4%9Fa_(fizika)" title="Dalğa (fizika) — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dalğa (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хваля — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хваля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хваля — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хваля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вълна — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вълна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग — Biharski" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Biharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="তরঙ্গ — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তরঙ্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talas" title="Talas — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Talas" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ona" title="Ona — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ona" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84" title="شەپۆل — centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەپۆل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Vlnění — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vlnění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хум — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хум" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton" title="Ton — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lge" title="Bølge — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bølge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welle" title="Welle — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Welle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Κύμα — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave" title="Wave — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wave" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondo" title="Ondo — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ondo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laine" title="Laine — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Laine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhin" title="Uhin — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uhin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="موج — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalto_(fysiikka)" title="Aalto (fysiikka) — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aalto (fysiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ua" title="Ua — Fidžijski" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ua" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidžijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onde" title="Onde — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Onde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waag" title="Waag — Severno-frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Waag" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Severno-frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Onda (física) — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Onda (física)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C" title="גל — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val" title="Val — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Val" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onn" title="Onn — Haićanski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Onn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haićanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull%C3%A1m" title="Hullám — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hullám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալիքներ — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալիքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gelombang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondo" title="Ondo — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ondo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bylgja" title="Bylgja — Islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bylgja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%8B%95" title="波動 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="波動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/boxna" title="boxna — Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="boxna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="ტალღა — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტალღა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Толқын — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Толқын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97" title="ತರಂಗ — Kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತರಂಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%8F%99" title="파동 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAl" title="Pêl — Kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Толкун — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Толкун" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unda" title="Unda — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Unda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(natuurkunde)" title="Golf (natuurkunde) — Limburgiš" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Golf (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banga" title="Banga — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Banga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C4%BC%C5%86i" title="Viļņi — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viļņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бран — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="തരംഗം — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തരംഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gelombang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="လှိုင်း — Burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လှိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClg_(Physik)" title="Bülg (Physik) — Niski nemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bülg (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Niski nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="अलै (सन् २००३या संकिपा) — Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अलै (सन् २००३या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(natuurkunde)" title="Golf (natuurkunde) — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Golf (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lgje" title="Bølgje — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bølgje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lge" title="Bølge — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bølge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9B%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਛੱਲ — Pandžabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਛੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandžabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fala" title="Fala — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fala" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%81%D8%B1" title="لہر — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%85%D9%BE%D9%87" title="څپه — Paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="څپه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillunya" title="Pillunya — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pillunya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Und%C4%83" title="Undă — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Undă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Габа — Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Габа" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Волна — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Вовнїня — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вовнїня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waw_(science)" title="Waw (science) — Škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Waw (science)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%B8%8D%E1%B8%8Danga" title="Taḍḍanga — tahelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taḍḍanga" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tahelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_(physics)" title="Wave (physics) — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wave (physics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlnenie" title="Vlnenie — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlnenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valovanje" title="Valovanje — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Valovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaisai" title="Masaisai — Šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Masaisai" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Šona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowjad" title="Mowjad — Somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Mowjad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallga" title="Dallga — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dallga" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Талас (физика) — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Талас (физика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang — Sudanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gelombang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sudanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5gr%C3%B6relse" title="Vågrörelse — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vågrörelse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimbi" title="Wimbi — Svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wimbi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="அலை — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="తరంగము — Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తరంగము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="คลื่น — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คลื่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alon" title="Alon — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalga_(fizik)" title="Dalga (fizik) — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dalga (fizik)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хвиля — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хвиля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="موج — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%CA%BBlqinlar" title="Toʻlqinlar — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Toʻlqinlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3ng" title="Sóng — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sóng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balud" title="Balud — Varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balud" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2" title="כוואליע — Jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כוואליע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="波" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-t%C5%8Dng" title="Pho-tōng — min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-tōng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%8B%95" title="波動 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波動" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37172#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Val" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Val&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovarajte o sadržini ove stranice (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Latinica</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-sh-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&variant=sh-latn" lang="sh-Latn" hreflang="sh-Latn"><span>Latinica</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-sh-Cyrl mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&variant=sh-cyrl" lang="sh-Cyrl" hreflang="sh-Cyrl"><span>Ћирилица</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Teme"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Val"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=history" title="Pogledajte prethodne verzije ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alatke" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alatke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Val"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Opšte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovdje/Val" title="Pogledajte listu svih stranica koje vode ovamo [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_izmjene/Val" rel="nofollow" title="Prelistajte nedavne izmjene stranica koje su povezane s ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Pregledajte listu svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&oldid=41809773" title="Nabavite trajnu vezu do ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajna veza</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=info" title="Pronađite više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podaci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Val&id=41809773&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Saznajte kako da citirate ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVal"><span>Skrati URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVal"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Val"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Val&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&printable=yes" title="Odštampajte ovu stranicu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Odštampaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wave" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37172" title="Pogledajte povezanu stavku u skladištu podataka [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/20px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/30px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/40px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> <i>Za ostala značenja, vidi <a href="/wiki/Val_(razvrstavanje)" class="mw-disambig" title="Val (razvrstavanje)">Val (razvrstavanje)</a>.</i></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r42165048">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/20px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/30px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/40px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> „Talas” preusmjerava ovdje. Za ostala značenja, v. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talas_(razvrstavanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talas (razvrstavanje) (stranica ne postoji)">Talas (razvrstavanje)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/220px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/330px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/440px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption>Valovi na <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vodi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Boelge_stor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Boelge_stor.jpg/220px-Boelge_stor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Boelge_stor.jpg/330px-Boelge_stor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Boelge_stor.jpg/440px-Boelge_stor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="866" /></a><figcaption>Val na <a href="/wiki/More" title="More">moru</a> iza <a href="/wiki/Trajekt" title="Trajekt">trajekta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Val</b> (od <a href="/wiki/Praslavenski_jezik" title="Praslavenski jezik">prasl.</a> <i>valъ</i>) ili <b>talas</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turski_jezik" title="Turski jezik">tur.</a> <i>talaz</i>, od <a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">grč.</a> θάλασσα - more<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), je <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titraj</a> koji se širi u <a href="/wiki/Prostor" title="Prostor">prostoru</a> i vremenu, pri čemu se obično prenosi <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">Mehanički valovi</a> se mogu širiti samo kroz neku <a href="/wiki/Materija" title="Materija">tvar</a> (medij), dok se <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetski_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetski valovi">elektromagnetski valovi</a> mogu širiti i <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuumom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ostrovsky_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ostrovsky-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kada se valovi nađu na granici između dvaju različitih sredstava, dolazi do njihova <a href="/wiki/Ogib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogib">ogiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refrakcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Refrakcija">refrakcije</a> (loma) ili <a href="/wiki/Refleksija" class="mw-disambig" title="Refleksija">refleksije</a> (odbijanja).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Valovi također mogu biti: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinalni_val" title="Longitudinalni val">longitudinalni</a> – čestice <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titraju</a> u smjeru širenja vala. Najvažniji primjer longitudinalnih valova su valovi <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">zvuka</a> u <a href="/wiki/Zrak" class="mw-redirect" title="Zrak">zraku</a>. U <a href="/wiki/Teku%C4%87ina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekućina">tekućinama</a> i <a href="/wiki/Plin" class="mw-redirect" title="Plin">plinovima</a> samo se rasprostiru longitudinalni valovi;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverzalni_val" title="Transverzalni val">transverzalni</a> – čestice titraju poprečno na smjer širenja. U <a href="/wiki/Krutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Krutine">čvrstim tijelima</a> mogu se rasprostirati i transverzalni i longitudinalni valovi;</li> <li>progresivni – val se širi u određenom smjeru i pritom se energija prenosi s čestice na česticu;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoje%C4%87i_val" title="Stojeći val">stojeći</a> – neke čestice titraju, a neke stalno miruju; energija se ne prenosi prostorom.</li></ul> <p>Periodički se valovi mogu opisati karakterističnim veličinama: <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencijom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplitudom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Period">periodom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valna duljina">valnom duljinom</a>. Kad kamen padne u vodu, prouzrokuje titranje na onom mjestu gdje je u vodu udario. Od mjesta gdje je kamen pao izmjenično se rasprostiru kružni brjegovi i kružni dolovi. Titranje dalje širi se u obliku valova jer su čestice vode međusobno elastično povezane. Kod vala se ne prostire <a href="/wiki/Materija" title="Materija">materija</a> već <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> titranja koja putuje od čestice do čestice. Prividno nam se čini da <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a> teče, ali ako promotrimo kakav list koji pliva na vodi vidjet ćemo da se taj ne pomiče s valom već se samo njiše gore i dolje. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tvar">Tvar</a> u kojoj se val rasprostire zove se sredstvo vala, a čestica koja je počela titrati i iz koje se val širi zove se izvor vala. Valovi koji se šire na površini nekog sredstva zovu se površinski valovi, a valovi koji se šire u nekom prostoru zovu se prostorni valovi. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Svojstva_valova">Svojstva valova</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Svojstva valova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Svojstva valova"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Local_wavelength.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Local_wavelength.JPG/220px-Local_wavelength.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Local_wavelength.JPG/330px-Local_wavelength.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Local_wavelength.JPG/440px-Local_wavelength.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>Valovi različite <a href="/wiki/Valna_du%C5%BEina" title="Valna dužina">dužine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Valna_du%C5%BEina" title="Valna dužina">Valna dužina</a> <i>λ</i> je udaljenosti između dvaju brjegova ili dolova vala.</figcaption></figure> <p>Valovi se opisuju s pomoću: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valna duljina">valne duljine</a> <i>λ</i>, udaljenosti između dvaju brjegova ili dolova <a href="/wiki/Sinus" title="Sinus">sinusoidalnoga</a> vala;</li> <li>perioda vala <i>T</i>, <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">vremena</a> koje protekne dok se val pomakne za jednu valnu duljinu;</li> <li>valnoga broja <i>k</i>, veličine recipročne valnoj duljini, i</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencije</a> <i>f</i>, veličine recipročne periodu.</li></ul> <p>Fazni pomak udaljenost je između najbližih brjegova ili dolova dvaju valova jednake frekvencije i smjera širenja. Jednadžba oblika: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a=A\cdot \sin(x-f\cdot t)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a=A\cdot \sin(x-f\cdot t)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f9c56ffc636e241787bfd94ef3d4f3b17af398ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.383ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a=A\cdot \sin(x-f\cdot t)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>opisuje izgled sinusoidalnoga vala u bilo kojoj točki prostora, gdje je: <i>a</i> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elongacija_(razdvojba)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elongacija (razdvojba) (stranica ne postoji)">elongacija</a>, <i>A</i> - <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplituda</a>, <i>f </i>- <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a>, <i>x</i> - udaljenost čestice od izvora vala i <i>t</i> - vrijeme širenja vala. Ako se u isto vrijeme na istome mjestu nađu dva vala, doći će do njihove <a href="/wiki/Interferencija_valova" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferencija valova">interferencije</a>, a složenije valno gibanje može se prikazati kao suma sinusoidalnih valova različitih amplituda i frekvencija. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Koherencija" class="mw-disambig" title="Koherencija">Koherentni</a> valovi, uzajamno jednaki po frekvenciji, faznom pomaku, polarizaciji, omogućuju da se vidi interferencijska slika (na primjer interferencijske pruge). Ako se izvor valova ili promatrač gibaju, s pomoću <a href="/wiki/Dopplerov_efekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopplerov efekt">Dopplerova učinka</a> može se odrediti njihova <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzina</a>, što se primjenjuje u <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">astronomiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">medicini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Promet" class="mw-redirect" title="Promet">prometu</a> i drugo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brzina_valova">Brzina valova</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Brzina valova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Brzina valova"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Two_sources_interference.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Two_sources_interference.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Interferencija_valova" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferencija valova">Interferencija</a> dvaju kružnih valova.</figcaption></figure> <p>Valovi se šire u prostoru nekom određenom <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzinom</a> koja se zove <b>brzina širenja vala</b>. Za vrijeme jednog <a href="/wiki/Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Period">perioda</a>, to jest za vrijeme <i>T</i> u kojem je čestica u izvoru vala izvršila jedan potpuni titraj, pomaklo se titranje za <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valna duljina">duljinu vala</a> <i>λ</i>. Brzinu širenja valova možemo dakle izračunati tako da put, to jest duljinu vala <i>λ</i>, podijelimo vremenom <i>T</i>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\frac {\lambda }{T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\frac {\lambda }{T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4e7c044c1c04db44d9524765663cdec6c087336" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:6.698ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\frac {\lambda }{T}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ako umjesto perioda <i>T</i> uzmemo recipročnu vrijednost, to jest frekvenciju <i>f</i> = 1 / <i>T</i>, dobivamo: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v=f\cdot \lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>λ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v=f\cdot \lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b2e6b860fb4e5fe6770ed2334e85924649480a6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.539ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v=f\cdot \lambda }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Brzina vala ovisi o osobinama (<a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastičnosti</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustoća">gustoći</a>) sredstva kroz koje val prolazi. Brzina valova ovisi o mediju kroz koje se valovi šire pa je na primjer brzina <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">mehaničkih valova</a> u <a href="/wiki/Krutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Krutine">čvrstom tijelu</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {E}{\rho }}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mi>E</mi> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {E}{\rho }}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/429c53cbf8296718ace9e9814dcf7f730da7d529" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.338ex; width:9.162ex; height:7.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {E}{\rho }}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>a u <a href="/wiki/Plin" class="mw-redirect" title="Plin">plinu</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {\chi \cdot p}{\rho }}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mi>ρ</mi> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {\chi \cdot p}{\rho }}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0948f789f6ac3ce33989e83ca047ab69537c99b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:11.69ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v={\sqrt {\frac {\chi \cdot p}{\rho }}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>E</i> - <a href="/wiki/Youngov_modul_elasti%C4%8Dnosti" title="Youngov modul elastičnosti">modul elastičnosti</a>, <i>ρ</i> - <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustoća">gustoća</a> tijela ili plina, <i>ϰ</i> - <a href="/wiki/Adijabatski_proces" title="Adijabatski proces">adijabatski</a> koeficijent plina, <i>p</i> - <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlak</a> plina. Brzina širenja <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Elektromagnetsko zračenje">elektromagnetskih valova</a> u <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuumu</a> je 299 729 458 m/s (<a href="/wiki/Brzina_svjetlosti" title="Brzina svjetlosti">brzina svjetlosti</a>) i prema <a href="/wiki/Teorija_relativnosti" title="Teorija relativnosti">teoriji relativnosti</a> najveća moguća brzina gibanja, dok je brzina širenja u drugim prozirnim medijima manja na primjer na 20 °C u zraku 1,0003, u vodi 1,333, u dijamantu 2,42, u silikonu 4 puta manja (<a href="/wiki/Indeks_loma" class="mw-redirect" title="Indeks loma">indeks loma</a>). Kada se valovi nađu na granici između dvaju medija, dolazi do njihova <a href="/wiki/Ogib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogib">ogiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refrakcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Refrakcija">refrakcije</a> ili refleksije i u posebnim uvjetima <a href="/wiki/Stojni_val" class="mw-redirect" title="Stojni val">do stojnih valova</a>. Kada val prelazi iz jednog sredstva u drugo ili se prostire kroz nehomogeno sredstvo, brzina i <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valna duljina">valna duljina</a> mu se mijenjaju, a <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> ostaje ista. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vrste_valova">Vrste valova</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Vrste valova" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vrste valova"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mehanički_valovi"><span id="Mehani.C4.8Dki_valovi"></span>Mehanički valovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Mehanički valovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mehanički valovi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">Mehanički valovi</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p><b>Mehanički valovi</b> (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">zvuk</a>) šire se u <a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastičnom</a> mediju (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Zrak" class="mw-redirect" title="Zrak">zrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a>) <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranjem</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cestica" title="Čestica">čestica</a> povezanih elastičnim <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">silama</a> oko <a href="/wiki/Ravnote%C5%BEa_(mehanika)" title="Ravnoteža (mehanika)">ravnotežnoga</a> položaja; <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> valova to je veća što je veća <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplituda</a> titranja, a izvor valova svako je <a href="/wiki/Tijelo_(fizika)" title="Tijelo (fizika)">tijelo</a> koje titra (na primjer izvor zvuka može biti <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDica" title="Žica">žica</a> <a href="/wiki/Glazbala" class="mw-redirect" title="Glazbala">glazbenog instrumenta</a>). Valovi su širenje poremećaja kojim se prenosi energija kroz medij, a da se medij kao cjelina ne pomiče. Pri širenju vala čestice sredstva ostaju na svojim mjestima i <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titraju</a> oko ravnotežnog položaja, širi se samo stanje titranja odnosno prenosi se <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> izvora vala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektromagnetski_valovi">Elektromagnetski valovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Elektromagnetski valovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Elektromagnetski valovi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Elektromagnetsko zračenje">Elektromagnetsko zračenje</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/220px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/330px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/440px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="242" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">Matematički</a> je najjednostavnije <a href="/wiki/Sinus" title="Sinus">sinusno</a> <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranje</a> valova.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Elektromagnetski valovi</b> (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" class="mw-redirect" title="Svjetlost">svjetlost</a>) prenose se <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranjem</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">električnoga</a> i <a href="/wiki/Magnetsko_polje" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetsko polje">magnetskoga polja</a> u propusnom mediju (može biti i <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuum</a>). <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">Energija</a> valova to je veća što je veća <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a>, a izvori su promjenljiva <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_polje" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetsko polje">elektromagnetska polja</a> (na primjer izvor <a href="/wiki/Radio_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio valovi">radio valova</a> je <a href="/wiki/Antena" title="Antena">antena</a>) i pobuđeni <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomi</a>. Prigušenje valova posljedica je pretvorbe energije valova u druge oblike (na primjer u <a href="/wiki/Toplina" title="Toplina">toplinu</a>). Prema načinu širenja i ovisno o izvoru, valovi mogu biti ravni ili kuglasti, jednodimenzionalni, dvodimenzionalni i trodimenzionalni. </p><p>Prema načinu širenja, valovi se mogu podijeliti na longitudinalne, koji se šire titranjem čestica u pravcu širenja vala (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Ultrazvuk" title="Ultrazvuk">ultrazvuk</a>), i transverzalne, koji se šire titranjem okomitim na smjer širenja vala (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Radio_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio valovi">radio valovi</a>). Valovi na površini vode kombinacija su longitudinalnih i transverzalnih valova. Transverzalni valovi mogu biti <a href="/wiki/Polarizacija" class="mw-disambig" title="Polarizacija">polarizirani</a>, to jest čestice koje ih prenose ili električno i magnetsko polje mogu titrati izraženije u nekoj ravnini. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harmonijski_val">Harmonijski val</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Harmonijski val" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Harmonijski val"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Harmonijsko_titranje" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonijsko titranje">Harmonijsko titranje</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Val kod kojeg se iznos poremećaja mijenja prema <a href="/wiki/Trigonometrija" title="Trigonometrija">trigonometrijskoj funkciji</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinus" title="Sinus">sinus</a> naziva se <b>harmonijski val</b>. Svi drugi oblici valova se mogu prikazati kao zbroj harmonijskih valova različitih amplituda i frekvencija, i ti zbrajani valovi se nazivaju <i>harmonici</i> ili <i>harmonički članovi</i>. U prirodi možemo naći približno harmonijske valove, poput <a href="/wiki/Njihalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Njihalo">ǌihaǌa klatna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Površinski_i_prostorni_valovi"><span id="Povr.C5.A1inski_i_prostorni_valovi"></span>Površinski i prostorni valovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Površinski i prostorni valovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Površinski i prostorni valovi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valovi koji se šire po <a href="/wiki/Povr%C5%A1ina" title="Površina">površini</a> vode zovu se površinski valovi. Valovi zvuka koji se šire od svog izvora u obliku promjena <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustoća">gustoće</a> zraka su prostorni valovi. Oni se šire u prostor uzduž pravca - <a href="/wiki/Polumjer" class="mw-redirect" title="Polumjer">polumjera</a> povučenog od izvora vala, to jest pravocrtno. Od izvora titranja širi se energija titranja radijalno u zrakama na sve strane. Kažemo da izvor energije titranja zrači ili emitira energiju titranja u obliku prostornih valova. Ploha koja spaja sve točke do kojih je stigao val u isto vrijeme zove se fronta vala. Kod površinskih valova je fronta vala <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%BEnica" title="Kružnica">kružnica</a>, a kod prostornih <a href="/wiki/Kugla" class="mw-redirect" title="Kugla">kugla</a>. Dio fronte prostornog vala možemo kod velike udaljenosti od izvora smatrati ravninom. To su onda ravni valovi, na primjer valovi svjetlosti koji dolaze od dalekog izvora. Zrake ravnih valova su paralelni pravci. U obliku valova širi se u prostor energija <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">zvuka</a>, toplinska, svjetlosna i elektromagnetska energija. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stojni_valovi">Stojni valovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Stojni valovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Stojni valovi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Stojni_val" class="mw-redirect" title="Stojni val">Stojni val</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Standing_wave.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Standing_wave.gif/220px-Standing_wave.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Standing_wave.gif/330px-Standing_wave.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Standing_wave.gif/440px-Standing_wave.gif 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz <a href="/wiki/Stojni_val" class="mw-redirect" title="Stojni val">stojnog vala</a>. Crvene točke označavaju takozvane čvorove.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Stojni valovi</b> su valovi koji nastaju superpozicijom (zbrajanjem) dvaju valova jednake amplitude i frekvencije. Opisuje ih jednadžba: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y=2\cdot A\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{\lambda }}\cdot x\right)\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{T}}\cdot t\right)\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>y</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mi>λ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y=2\cdot A\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{\lambda }}\cdot x\right)\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{T}}\cdot t\right)\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/461f32a20df7bcabd944a0a3d4a966afa915ebaa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:41.195ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y=2\cdot A\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{\lambda }}\cdot x\right)\cdot \cos \left({\frac {2\cdot \pi }{T}}\cdot t\right)\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje su: <i>A</i> - amplituda, <i>λ</i> - valna duljina, <i>T</i> - period vala, <i>t</i> - vrijeme. Raspored elongacija (y) je sinusoidni, no valne fronte ne putuju, tako da je amplituda pojedinih čestica različita i ovisna o mjestu (x). Na mjestima na kojima je amplituda jednaka nuli nalaze se čvorovi, a gdje je maksimalna trbusi. Stojni valovi važni su u <a href="/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika">akustici</a> (<a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranje</a> žice, titranje stupa zraka u glazbenom instrumentima, akustika prostorije), gdje osim poželjnih mogu imati i neželjene posljedice, kao što je povećanje <a href="/wiki/Buka" title="Buka">buke</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valovi_tvari">Valovi tvari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Valovi tvari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Valovi tvari"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Valovi tvari</b> <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantnomehanički</a> su valovi iznimno kratkih valnih duljina koji se uočavaju jedino u ekstremnim uvjetima <a href="/wiki/Pokus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokus">pokusa</a> kada tvar uz čestična pokazuje i valna svojstva (<a href="/wiki/Dualizam_(fizika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dualizam (fizika)">dualizam</a>). Prema teoriji <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">L. de Brogliea</a>, valna duljina tvari: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {h}{p}}={\frac {h}{\gamma \cdot m\cdot v}}={\frac {h}{m\cdot v}}\cdot {\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>h</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {h}{p}}={\frac {h}{\gamma \cdot m\cdot v}}={\frac {h}{m\cdot v}}\cdot {\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2798df78f03a518452d9025fa61924691ce97e96" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:38.157ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {h}{p}}={\frac {h}{\gamma \cdot m\cdot v}}={\frac {h}{m\cdot v}}\cdot {\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>λ</i> - čestična <a href="/wiki/Valna_duljina" class="mw-redirect" title="Valna duljina">valna duljina</a>, <i>h</i> - <a href="/wiki/Planckova_konstanta" title="Planckova konstanta">Planckova konstanta</a>, <i>p</i> - <a href="/wiki/Impuls_sile" title="Impuls sile">impuls sile</a> čestice (<a href="/wiki/Koli%C4%8Dina_gibanja" class="mw-redirect" title="Količina gibanja">količina gibanja</a>), <i>m</i> - <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a> mirovanja čestice, <i>v</i> - <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzina</a> čestice, <i>γ</i> - <a href="/wiki/Lorentzov_faktor" title="Lorentzov faktor">Lorentzov faktor</a> i <i>c</i> - <a href="/wiki/Brzina_svjetlosti" title="Brzina svjetlosti">brzina svjetlosti</a> u <a href="/wiki/Vakuum" title="Vakuum">vakuumu</a>. Što je veći impuls čestice ili količina gibanja, tim je kraća njena valna duljina. Tako se na primjer nakon prolaska elektrona kroz kristalnu rešetku na fluorescentnom zaslonu može vidjeti interferencijska slika njihova ogiba, što se primjenjuje na primjer u <a href="/wiki/Elektronski_mikroskop" title="Elektronski mikroskop">elektronskom mikroskopu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gravitacijski_valovi">Gravitacijski valovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Gravitacijski valovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Gravitacijski valovi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Gravitacijski_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitacijski valovi">Gravitacijski valovi</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Quadrupol_Wave.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Quadrupol_Wave.gif/220px-Quadrupol_Wave.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Quadrupol_Wave.gif/330px-Quadrupol_Wave.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Quadrupol_Wave.gif 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Gravitacijski valovi naizmjenično sabijaju i rastežu <a href="/wiki/Prostor" title="Prostor">prostor</a> kroz koji prolaze.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gravitacijski valovi</b> ili <b>gravitacijsko zračenje</b> je poremećaj <a href="/wiki/Gravitacijsko_polje" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitacijsko polje">gravitacijskog polja</a>, širi se poput valova. Javlja se kod <a href="/wiki/Ubrzanje" title="Ubrzanje">ubrzanja</a> <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eksplozija" title="Eksplozija">eksplozija</a> <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovih</a>, obilaženja <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a> u bliskome <a href="/wiki/Dvojna_zvijezda" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvojna zvijezda">dvojnom sustavu</a> i slično. Kod nekih <a href="/wiki/Dvojna_zvijezda" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvojna zvijezda">dvojnih zvijezda</a> utvrđeno je da smanjenje ukupne <a href="/wiki/Orbitalna_brzina" title="Orbitalna brzina">orbitalne</a> energije odgovara <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energiji</a> koju odnose valovi. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Od <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalne_interakcije" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalne interakcije">četiriju poznatih osnovnih sila u prirodi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija">gravitacija</a> je najslabija pa je u području <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Molekula" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekula">molekula</a> potpuno zanemariva prema <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetska_sila" title="Elektromagnetska sila">elektromagnetskim</a> i <a href="/wiki/Jaka_nuklearna_sila" title="Jaka nuklearna sila">nuklearnim silama</a>. U <a href="/wiki/Svemir" title="Svemir">svemirskim</a> veličinama, gdje međusobno djeluju velike nakupine masa, <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91uzvjezdana_tvar" title="Međuzvjezdana tvar">međuzvjezdani plinovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zvijezde" class="mw-redirect" title="Zvijezde">zvijezde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaktike" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaktike">galaktike</a>, gravitacija igra važnu ulogu. <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">Astronomska</a> otkrića <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsara</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kvazar" title="Kvazar">kvazara</a> i teorije o razvoju zvijezda stavljaju teoriju gravitacije pred nove probleme, kao što su pitanje stalnosti <a href="/wiki/Gravitacijska_konstanta" title="Gravitacijska konstanta">gravitacijske konstante</a> tijekom <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">vremena</a>, mehanizam gravitacijskoga kolapsa koji uzrokuje energetsku degeneraciju zvijezda. Kod gravitacijskoga kolapsa, sile zvjezdane gravitacije posve nadjačaju sile <a href="/wiki/Tlak_elektromagnetskog_zra%C4%8Denja" title="Tlak elektromagnetskog zračenja">pritiska zračenja</a> i zvijezda se sve više komprimira. Nakon porasta gravitacije iznad neke veličine, zvijezda postane za promatrača nevidljiva (<a href="/wiki/Crna_rupa" title="Crna rupa">crna rupa</a>), jer <a href="/wiki/Kvant" title="Kvant">kvanti</a> <a href="/wiki/Zra%C4%8Denje" title="Zračenje">zračenja</a> više ne mogu napustiti zvijezdu. Za objašnjenje tih pojava može se pokazati nužnim da se u gravitacijskoj teoriji provede kvantizacija (<a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantna mehanika</a>). <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">Energija</a> gravitacijskoga polja bila bi kvantizirana i širila bi se kroz polje u gravitacijskim valovima. Kvant gravitacijskoga polja zove se <a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">graviton</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41378145">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/talas#Serbo-Croatian">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/talas#Serbo-Croatian</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ostrovsky-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ostrovsky_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Lev A. Ostrovsky & Alexander I. Potapov (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0801873258"><i>Modulated waves: theory and application</i></a>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-8018-7325-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-8018-7325-8">0-8018-7325-8</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modulated+waves%3A+theory+and+application&rft.aulast=Lev+A.+Ostrovsky+%26+Alexander+I.+Potapov&rft.au=Lev+A.+Ostrovsky+%26+Alexander+I.+Potapov&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-8018-7325-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fproduct%2F0801873258&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Val"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>valovi</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=63780">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>stojni valovi</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=58219">[2]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>gravitacijski valovi (gravitacijsko zračenje)</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=23176">[3]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>gravitacija</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=23172">[4]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poveznice">Poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poveznice"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">Titranje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">Mehanički valovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetski_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetski valovi">Elektromagnetski valovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0irenje_valova" title="Širenje valova">Širenje valova</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wave" title="commons:Wave"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wave" class="extiw" title="commons:Wave">Val</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41348688">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historija_fizike" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556979">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556873">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Historija_fizike" title="Šablon:Historija fizike"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Historija_fizike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Historija fizike (stranica ne postoji)"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Historija_fizike&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historija_fizike" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Historija_fizike" title="Historija fizike">Historija fizike</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Fundamentalni_koncepti_fizike" title="Kategorija:Fundamentalni koncepti fizike">Pojmovi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Svetlost" title="Svetlost">Svetlost</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Val</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Osnovne_sile" title="Osnovne sile">Osnovne sile</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">Energija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Materija" title="Materija">Materija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">Masa</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Etar_(fizika)" title="Etar (fizika)">Etar</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kretanje" title="Kretanje">Kretanje</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gravitacija" title="Gravitacija">Gravitacija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet">Elektricitet</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">Sila</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tromost" class="mw-redirect" title="Tromost">Tromost</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Valno-%C4%8Desti%C4%8Dni_dualizam" title="Valno-čestični dualizam">Valno-čestični dualizam</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Prostorvreme" title="Prostorvreme">Prostorvreme</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Entropija" title="Entropija">Entropija</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Podru%C4%8Dja_fizike" title="Kategorija:Područja fizike">Područja</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">Astronomija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kosmologija" title="Kosmologija">Kosmologija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">Optika</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mehanika" title="Mehanika">Mehanika</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Elektrostatika" title="Elektrostatika">Elektrostatika</a>  <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetizam" title="Elektromagnetizam">Elektromagnetizam</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">Termodinamika</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_fizika" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvantna fizika">Kvantna fizika</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Pokusi_iz_fizike" title="Kategorija:Pokusi iz fizike">Pokusi</a> i <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Otkri%C4%87a_u_fizici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Otkrića u fizici (stranica ne postoji)">otkrića</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Antička</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Teorija atoma</a> <b>•</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/O_veli%C4%8Dini_i_udaljenosti_Sunca_i_Mjeseca" title="O veličini i udaljenosti Sunca i Mjeseca">Udaljenost Sunca i Meseca</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Arhimedov_zakon" title="Arhimedov zakon">Arhimedov zakon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eratosten#Određivanje_obima_Zemlje" title="Eratosten">Obim zemlje</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorija_impetusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorija impetusa (stranica ne postoji)">Teorija impetusa</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Knjiga_o_optici" title="Knjiga o optici">Alhazenova optika</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_fizika" title="Klasična fizika">Klasična</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Heliocentrizam" title="Heliocentrizam">Kopernikov sustav</a> <b>•</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Snellov_zakon" title="Snellov zakon">Snellov zakon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Keplerovi_zakoni_planetarnog_kretanja" title="Keplerovi zakoni planetarnog kretanja">Keplerovi zakoni planetarnog kretanja</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Slobodni_pad" title="Slobodni pad">Slobodni pad</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kretanje_hica" title="Kretanje hica">Kretanje hica</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Galileijeva_relativnost" title="Galileijeva relativnost">Galileijeva relativnost</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pascalov_zakon" title="Pascalov zakon">Pascalov zakon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Hookeov_zakon" title="Hookeov zakon">Hookeov zakon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Boyle-Mariotteov_zakon" title="Boyle-Mariotteov zakon">Boyleov zakon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Brzina_svjetlosti" title="Brzina svjetlosti">Brzina svjetlosti</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opticks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opticks (stranica ne postoji)">Njutnova teorija boja</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Newtonovi_zakoni_kretanja" title="Newtonovi zakoni kretanja">Newtonovi zakoni kretanja</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Newtonov_zakon_gravitacije" title="Newtonov zakon gravitacije">Newtonov zakon gravitacije</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Huygensov_princip" title="Huygensov princip">Huygensov princip</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Zakon_odr%C5%BEanja_mase" title="Zakon održanja mase">Zakon održanja mase</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Coulombov_zakon" title="Coulombov zakon">Kulonov zakon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Svetlost#Valna_teorija" title="Svetlost">Valna teorija svetla</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Atomska_teorija" title="Atomska teorija">Atomska teorija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Amp%C3%A8reov_zakon_kru%C5%BEenja" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampèreov zakon kruženja">Ampèreov zakon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ohmov_zakon" title="Ohmov zakon">Ohmov zakon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Faradayev_zakon_indukcije" title="Faradayev zakon indukcije">Faradayev zakon indukcije</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gaussov_zakon_elektri%C4%8Dnoga_polja" title="Gaussov zakon električnoga polja">Gaussov zakon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Zakon_o%C4%8Duvanja_energije" title="Zakon očuvanja energije">Zakon očuvanja energije</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Dopplerov_efekat" title="Dopplerov efekat">Dopplerov efekat</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Drugi_zakon_termodinamike" title="Drugi zakon termodinamike">Drugi zakon termodinamike</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Foucaultovo_klatno" title="Foucaultovo klatno">Foucaultovo klatno</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Maxwellove_jednad%C5%BEbe" title="Maxwellove jednadžbe">Maxwellove jednadžbe</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Michelson%E2%80%93Morleyjev_eksperiment" title="Michelson–Morleyjev eksperiment">Michelson–Morleyjev eksperiment</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Elektromagnetsko zračenje">Elektromagnetsko zračenje</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">Moderna</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lorentzove_transformacije" title="Lorentzove transformacije">Lorentzove transformacije</a> <b>•</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kvant" title="Kvant">Kvant</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Fotoelektri%C4%8Dni_efekt" title="Fotoelektrični efekt">Fotoelektrični efekt</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Brownovo_kretanje" title="Brownovo kretanje">Brownovo kretanje</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/X-zrake" title="X-zrake">X-zrake</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektron</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Specijalna_teorija_relativnosti" title="Specijalna teorija relativnosti">Specijalna relativnost</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ekvivalentnost_mase_i_energije" title="Ekvivalentnost mase i energije">ekvivalentnost mase i energije</a>) <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">Foton</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Atomsko_jezgro" title="Atomsko jezgro">Atomsko jezgro</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Bohrov_model_atoma" title="Bohrov model atoma">Bohrov model atoma</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Op%C5%A1ta_teorija_relativnosti" title="Opšta teorija relativnosti">Opšta relativnost</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Valovi_tvari" title="Valovi tvari">Valovi tvari</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0irenje_svemira" title="Širenje svemira">Širenje svemira</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0redingerova_jedna%C4%8Dina" class="mw-redirect" title="Šredingerova jednačina">Šredingerova jednačina</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Na%C4%8Delo_neodre%C4%91enosti" title="Načelo neodređenosti">Načelo neodređenosti</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutron</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_fisija" title="Nuklearna fisija">Nuklearna fisija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_fuzija" title="Nuklearna fuzija">fuzija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kvark" title="Kvark">Kvark</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Standardni_model_%C4%8Destica" title="Standardni model čestica">Standardni model čestica</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Efekt_staklenika" title="Efekt staklenika">Efekt staklenika</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kozmi%C4%8Dko_pozadinsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Kozmičko pozadinsko zračenje">Kozmičko pozadinsko zračenje</a>  <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Higgsov_bozon" title="Higgsov bozon">Higgsov bozon</a>  <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Gravitacijski_val" title="Gravitacijski val">Gravitacijski valovi</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Fizi%C4%8Dari" title="Kategorija:Fizičari">Fizičari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tales" title="Tales">Tales</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Empedokle" title="Empedokle">Empedokle</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Demokrit" title="Demokrit">Demokrit</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Aristotel" title="Aristotel">Aristotel</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Aristarh" title="Aristarh">Aristarh</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Arhimed" title="Arhimed">Arhimed</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Eratosten" title="Eratosten">Eratosten</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Filopon" title="Jovan Filopon">Filopon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Haitam" title="Ibn al-Haitam">Al Haitam</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Oresme" title="Nicole Oresme">Oresme</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Kopernik" title="Nikola Kopernik">Kopernik</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Kepler</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galilei</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Evangelista_Torricelli" title="Evangelista Torricelli">Torricelli</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Boyle</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Hooke</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Huygens</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Lomonosov" title="Mihail Lomonosov">Lomonosov</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Coulomb</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace" title="Pierre-Simon Laplace">Laplace</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Ørsted</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm">Ohm</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Faraday</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Doppler" title="Christian Doppler">Doppler</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Foucault" title="Léon Foucault">Foucault</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Thomson</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Röntgen</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Bohr</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">De Broglie</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a>  <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Historija_fizike" title="Kategorija:Historija fizike">Kategorija</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Val&oldid=41809773">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Val&oldid=41809773</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Valovi" title="Kategorija:Valovi">Valovi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Fundamentalni_koncepti_fizike" title="Kategorija:Fundamentalni koncepti fizike">Fundamentalni koncepti fizike</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 31. januara 2024. u 14:03.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. Za više informacija pogledajte <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Uslove korištenja</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Pravila o privatnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:O_projektu">O projektu</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Op%C4%87e_odricanje_odgovornosti">Odricanje odgovornosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodeks ponašanja</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Programeri</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sh.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Izjava o kolačićima</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Val&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilni prikaz</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-bxghq","wgBackendResponseTime":215,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.340","walltime":"0.571","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2023,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":70222,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6650,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11070,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 258.208 1 -total"," 45.77% 118.173 2 Šablon:Navbox"," 42.57% 109.930 1 Šablon:Historija_fizike"," 27.45% 70.870 1 Šablon:Izvori"," 16.12% 41.635 1 Šablon:Redirect"," 14.52% 37.504 1 Šablon:Dablink"," 13.50% 34.861 1 Šablon:Cite_book"," 11.74% 30.306 1 Šablon:Citation/core"," 5.48% 14.157 1 Šablon:Navbox_subgroup"," 5.35% 13.819 1 Šablon:Other_uses"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.087","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1156161,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-77c8488b9d-jwl6x","timestamp":"20241125135758","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Val","url":"https:\/\/sh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Val","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q37172","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q37172","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Doprinositelji Wikimedijinim projektima"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-12-16T16:52:00Z","dateModified":"2024-01-31T13:03:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/43\/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>