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id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> The United States presidential line of succession is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Order_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Order of succession">order</a> in which the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vice_president_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice president of the United States">vice president of the United States</a> and other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Officer_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Officer of the United States">officers</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_federal_government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="United States federal government">United States federal government</a> assume the powers and duties of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President of the United States">U.S. presidency</a> (or the office itself, in the instance of succession by the vice president) upon an elected president's death, resignation, removal from office, or incapacity. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office,_November_1963.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg/200px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%252C_November_1963.jpg/300px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%252C_November_1963.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%252C_November_1963.jpg/400px-Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%252C_November_1963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7750" data-file-height="6132"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_federal_judge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States federal judge">Federal judge</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarah_T._Hughes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarah T. Hughes">Sarah T. Hughes</a> administering the presidential oath of office to President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> following the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a>, November 22, 1963 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Gerald_R._Ford_is_sworn_in_as_President_-_NARA_-_6923692.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gerald_R._Ford_is_sworn_in_as_President_-_NARA_-_6923692.jpg/200px-Gerald_R._Ford_is_sworn_in_as_President_-_NARA_-_6923692.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gerald_R._Ford_is_sworn_in_as_President_-_NARA_-_6923692.jpg/300px-Gerald_R._Ford_is_sworn_in_as_President_-_NARA_-_6923692.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gerald_R._Ford_is_sworn_in_as_President_-_NARA_-_6923692.jpg/400px-Gerald_R._Ford_is_sworn_in_as_President_-_NARA_-_6923692.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6366" data-file-height="4258"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warren_Burger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren Burger">Warren Burger</a> administering the presidential oath of office to President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerald_Ford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> following the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Watergate_scandal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Resignation" title="Watergate scandal">resignation</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Nixon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, August 9, 1974 </figcaption> </figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> The order of succession specifies that the office passes to the vice president; if the vice presidency is simultaneously vacant, the powers and duties of the presidency pass to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">speaker of the House of Representatives</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">president pro tempore of the Senate</a>, and then <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet secretaries</a>, depending on eligibility. Presidential succession is referred to multiple times in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/U.S._Constitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a>: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Article_II,_Section_1,_Clause_6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Article II, Section 1, Clause 6">Article II, Section 1, Clause 6</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">12th Amendment</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">20th Amendment</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">25th Amendment</a>. The vice president is designated as first in the presidential line of succession by the Article II succession clause, which also authorizes <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Congress?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> to provide for a line of succession beyond the vice president. It has done so on three occasions. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act</a> was adopted in 1947, and last revised in 2006. The 25th Amendment, adopted in 1967, also establishes procedures for filling an intra-term vacancy in the office of the vice president. The Presidential Succession Act refers specifically to officers beyond the vice president <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acting_president_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting president of the United States">acting as president</a> rather than becoming president when filling a vacancy. The Cabinet has 15 members, of which the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State of the United States">secretary of state</a> is highest and fourth in line (after the Senate president pro tem); the other Cabinet secretaries follow in the order of when their departments (or the department of which their department is the successor) were created. Those heads of department who are constitutionally not "eligible to the Office of President" are disqualified from assuming the powers and duties of the president through succession and skipped to the next in line. Since 1789, the vice president has succeeded to the presidency intra-term on nine occasions: eight times due to the incumbent's death, and once due to resignation. No one lower in the line of succession has ever been called upon to act as president. Widely considered a settled issue during the late 20th century, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/September_11_attacks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="September 11 attacks">terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001</a> demonstrated the potential for a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Decapitation_strike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Decapitation strike">decapitation strike</a> that would kill or incapacitate multiple individuals in the presidential line of succession in addition to many members of Congress and the federal judiciary. In the years immediately following the attacks, numerous wide-ranging discussions were started, in Congress, among academics and within the public policy community about <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continuity_of_government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Continuity of government">continuity of government</a> concerns including the existing constitutional and statutory provisions governing presidential succession. These discussions remain ongoing. One effort put forward by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continuity_of_Government_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Continuity of Government Commission">Continuity of Government Commission</a>, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nonpartisanism_in_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisanism in the United States">nonpartisan</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Think_tank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Think tank">think tank</a>, produced three reports (2003, 2009, and 2011), the second of which focused on the implicit ambiguities and limitations in the succession act, and contained recommendations for amending the laws for succession to the presidency. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style> <div class="toclimit-3"> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Current_order_of_succession">1 Current order of succession</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Constitutional_provisions">2 Constitutional provisions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Presidential_eligibility">2.1 Presidential eligibility</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Presidential_succession">2.2 Presidential succession</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Succession_acts">3 Succession acts</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Act_of_1792">3.1 Act of 1792</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Act_of_1886">3.2 Act of 1886</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Act_of_1947">3.3 Act of 1947</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_amendments">3.4 Further amendments</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ambiguities_regarding_succession_and_inability">4 Ambiguities regarding succession and inability</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Presidential_succession_by_vice_presidents">5 Presidential succession by vice presidents</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Presidential_succession_beyond_the_vice_president">6 Presidential succession beyond the vice president</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Next_in_line">6.1 Next in line</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Under_the_1792_succession_act">6.1.1 Under the 1792 succession act</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Under_the_1886_succession_act">6.1.2 Under the 1886 succession act</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Under_the_1947_succession_act">6.1.3 Under the 1947 succession act</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Contemporary_issues_and_concerns">7 Contemporary issues and concerns</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">9 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Current_order_of_succession">Current order of succession</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The presidential order of succession is set by the Presidential Succession Act of 1947, as amended.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The order consists of congressional officers, followed by the members of the cabinet in the order of the establishment of each department, provided that each officer satisfies the constitutional requirements for serving as president.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> In the table below, the absence of a number in the first column indicates that the office is either vacant, or that the incumbent is ineligible. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th><abbr title="Number in line">No.</abbr></th> <th>Office<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wftvAPOTUS-3">[3]</a></th> <th>Incumbent</th> <th colspan="2">Party</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kamala_Harris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House of Representatives</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mike_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a></td> <td style="background: #E81B23"></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patty_Murray?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antony_Blinken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Janet_Yellen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lloyd_Austin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a></td> <td style="background: #F8F9FA"></td> <td>None</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merrick_Garland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a></td> <td style="background: #F8F9FA"></td> <td>None</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deb_Haaland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tom_Vilsack?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gina_Raimondo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr style="background:#f0eef2"> <td>11<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eligibleif-5">[A]</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julie_Su?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julie Su">Julie Su</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xavier_Becerra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr style="background:#f0eef2"> <td>13<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eligibleif-5">[A]</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adrianne_Todman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adrianne Todman">Adrianne Todman</a></td> <td style="background: #F8F9FA"></td> <td>None</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr style="background:#dddddd"> <td>–<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-naturalized-6">[B]</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jennifer_Granholm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miguel_Cardona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denis_McDonough?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> <tr style="background:#dddddd"> <td>–<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-naturalized-6">[B]</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td>Democratic</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Constitutional_provisions">Constitutional provisions</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Presidential_eligibility">Presidential eligibility</h3> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clause_5:_Qualifications_for_office" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">Article II, Section 1, Clause 5</a> of the Constitution sets three qualifications for holding the presidency: One must be a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natural-born-citizen_clause_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)">natural-born citizen</a> of the United States (or a citizen at the time of the adoption of the Constitution, in 1788), be at least 35 years of age and have been a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Residency_(domicile)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Residency (domicile)">resident in the United States</a> for at least fourteen years.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[5]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[C]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Presidential_succession">Presidential succession</h3> </div> The presidential line of succession is mentioned in four places in the Constitution: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Article_II,_Section_1,_Clause_6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Article II, Section 1, Clause 6">Article II, Section 1, Clause 6</a> makes the vice president first in the line of succession and allows the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Congress?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> to provide by law for cases in which neither the president nor vice president can serve.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-A2essayPS-10">[7]</a></li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">12th Amendment</a> provided that the vice president would also fill any vacancy of the presidency arising from failure of the House of Representatives to choose a president in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Contingent_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Contingent election">contingent election</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Feerick2011FLR-11">[8]</a></li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">20th Amendment</a>, Section 3, supersedes the above 12th Amendment provision, by declaring that if the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President-elect of the United States">president-elect</a> dies before his term begins, the vice president-elect becomes president on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States presidential inauguration">Inauguration Day</a> and serves for the full term to which the president-elect was elected, and also that, if on Inauguration Day, a president has not been chosen or the president-elect does not qualify for the presidency, the vice president-elect acts as president until a president is chosen or the president-elect qualifies. It also authorizes Congress to provide for instances in which neither a president-elect nor a vice president-elect have qualified.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[9]</a></li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">25th Amendment</a>, Section 1, clarifies Article II, Section 1, Clause 6, by stating unequivocally that the vice president is the direct successor of the president, and becomes president if the incumbent dies, resigns or is removed from office. It also, in sections 3 and 4, provides for situations where the president is temporarily disabled, such as if the president has a surgical procedure or becomes mentally unfit, establishing procedures whereby the vice president can become acting president. Additionally, in Section 2, the amendment provides a mechanism for intra-term vice presidential succession, establishing that a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vacancies" title="Vice President of the United States">vice presidential vacancy</a> will be filled by a president's nominee upon confirmation by a majority vote of both houses of Congress.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[D]</a> Previously, whenever a vice president had succeeded to the presidency or had died or resigned from office, the vice presidency remained vacant until the next presidential and vice presidential terms began; there were 16 such vacancies prior to 1967.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NCC25th-15">[11]</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Succession_acts">Succession acts</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Act_of_1792">Act of 1792</h3> </div> The Presidential Succession Act of 1792 (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act_1792" class="extiw" title="s:Presidential Succession Act 1792">Full text</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikisource?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikisource has information on "Presidential Succession Act 1792""> <noscript> <img alt="Wikisource has information on "Presidential Succession Act 1792"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Wikisource has information on "Presidential Succession Act 1792"" data-width="11" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>) provided for succession after the president and vice president: first, the president pro tempore of the Senate, followed by the speaker of the House.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[12]</a> The statute provided that the presidential successor would serve in an acting capacity, holding office only until a new president could be elected.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CRS2005continuity-17">[13]</a> A special election was to be held in November of the year in which dual vacancies occurred (unless the vacancies occurred after the first Wednesday in October, in which case the election would occur the following year; or unless the vacancies occurred within the last year of the presidential term, in which case the next election would take place as regularly scheduled). The persons elected president and vice president in such a special election would have served a full four-year term beginning on March 4 of the next year. No such election ever took place.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HLR1905-18">[14]</a> Various framers of the Constitution, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Madison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>, criticized the arrangement as being contrary to their intent. The decision to build the line of succession around those two officials was made after a long and contentious debate. In addition to the president pro tempore and the speaker, both the secretary of state and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chief Justice of the United States">chief justice</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> were also suggested.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HLR1905-18">[14]</a> Including the secretary of state was unacceptable to most <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federalist_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federalist Party">Federalists</a>, who did not want the then secretary of state, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, who had become the leader of the opposition <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republicans</a>, to follow the vice president in the succession, and many objected to including the chief justice due to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Separation_of_powers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a> concerns.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-A2essayPS-10">[7]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH5762-19">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Act_of_1886">Act of 1886</h3> </div> The Presidential Succession Act of 1886 (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act_1886" class="extiw" title="s:Presidential Succession Act 1886">Full text</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikisource?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikisource has information on "Presidential Succession Act 1886""> <noscript> <img alt="Wikisource has information on "Presidential Succession Act 1886"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Wikisource has information on "Presidential Succession Act 1886"" data-width="11" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>) established succession to include the members of the President's cabinet in the order of the establishment of the various departments, beginning with the Secretary of State,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[E]</a> and stipulated that any official discharging the powers and duties of the presidency must possess the constitutional qualifications to hold the office.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CRS2005continuity-17">[13]</a> The president pro tempore and Speaker were excluded from the new line, and the provision mandating a special presidential election when a double vacancy arose was also dropped.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HLR1905-18">[14]</a> The need for increasing the number of presidential successors was abundantly clear to Congress, for twice within the span of just over four years it happened that there was no one in the presidential line of succession. In September 1881, when <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> succeeded to the presidency following <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_A._Garfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a>'s death, there was no vice president, no president pro tempore of the Senate, and no Speaker of the House of Representatives.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Feerick2011FLR-11">[8]</a> Then, in November 1885, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grover_Cleveland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> faced a similar situation, following the death of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a>, as the Senate and the House had not convened yet to elect new officers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-harpers-21">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Act_of_1947">Act of 1947</h3> </div> The Presidential Succession Act of 1947 (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act_1947" class="extiw" title="s:Presidential Succession Act 1947">Full text</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikisource?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikisource has information on "Presidential Succession Act 1947""> <noscript> <img alt="Wikisource has information on "Presidential Succession Act 1947"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Wikisource has information on "Presidential Succession Act 1947"" data-width="11" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>), which was signed into law on July 18, 1947,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CRS2005continuity-17">[13]</a> restored the speaker of the House and president pro tempore of the Senate to the line of succession—but in reverse-order from their 1792 positions—and placed them ahead of the members of the Cabinet, positioned, as before, in the order of the establishment of their department.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wftvAPOTUS-3">[3]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[F]</a> Placing the speaker and the president pro tempore (both elected officials) back in the succession and placing them ahead of cabinet members (all of whom are appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate), was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_S._Truman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>'s idea. Personally conveyed to Congress in June 1945, two months after becoming president upon <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>'s death, the proposal reflected Truman's belief that the president should not have the power to appoint to office "the person who would be my immediate successor in the event of my own death or inability to act", and that the presidency should, whenever possible, "be filled by an elective officer."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CRS2005continuity-17">[13]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Further_amendments">Further amendments</h3> </div> The 1947 act has been modified several times, with changes being made as the face of the federal bureaucracy has changed over the ensuing years. Its most recent change came about in 2006, when the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USA_PATRIOT_Improvement_and_Reauthorization_Act?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act">USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act</a> added the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">secretary of homeland security</a> to the presidential line of succession.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CNN10242017-24">[18]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[G]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Ambiguities_regarding_succession_and_inability">Ambiguities regarding succession and inability</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:John_Tyler.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/John_Tyler.jpg/180px-John_Tyler.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="241" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="1194"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 241px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/John_Tyler.jpg/180px-John_Tyler.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="241" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/John_Tyler.jpg/270px-John_Tyler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/John_Tyler.jpg/360px-John_Tyler.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> In April 1841, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Tyler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> became the first person to succeed to the presidency intra-term upon the death of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Although the Presidential Succession Clause in Article II of the Constitution clearly provided for the vice president to take over the "powers and duties" of the presidency in the event of a president's removal, death, resignation, or inability, left unclear was whether the vice president became president of the United States or simply <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acting_(law)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acting (law)">temporarily acted</a> as president in a case of succession.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-A2essayPS-10">[7]</a> Some historians, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Samuel_Corwin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Samuel Corwin">Edward Corwin</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Feerick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Feerick">John D. Feerick</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schlesinger-27">[20]</a> have argued that the framers' intention was that the vice president would remain vice president while executing the powers and duties of the presidency until a new president could be elected.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-justiaPS-28">[21]</a> The hypothetical debate about whether the office or merely the powers of the office devolve upon a vice president who succeeds to the presidency between elections became an urgent constitutional issue in 1841, when President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> died in office. Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Tyler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> claimed a constitutional mandate to carry out the full powers and duties of the presidency, asserting he was the president and not merely a temporary acting president, by taking the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oath of office of the President of the United States">presidential oath of office</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JTDA-29">[22]</a> Many around him—including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schlesinger-27">[20]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rankin-30">[23]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Clay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abbott-31">[24]</a> and other members of Congress,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rankin-30">[23]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abbott-31">[24]</a> along with Whig party leaders,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abbott-31">[24]</a> and even Tyler's own cabinet<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rankin-30">[23]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abbott-31">[24]</a>—believed that he was only acting as president and did not have the office itself. He was nicknamed "His Accidency" and excoriated as a usurper.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JTDA-29">[22]</a> Nonetheless, Tyler adhered to his position, even returning, unopened, mail addressed to the "Acting President of the United States" sent by his detractors.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[25]</a> Tyler's view ultimately prevailed when the House and Senate voted to accept the title "President",<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Abbott-31">[24]</a> setting a precedent for an orderly transfer of presidential power following a president's death,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JTDA-29">[22]</a> one that was subsequently written into the Constitution as section 1 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-justiaPS-28">[21]</a> Even after the precedent regarding presidential succession due to the president's death was set, the part of the Presidential Succession Clause that provided for replacing a disabled president remained unclear. What constituted an "inability"? Who determined the existence of an inability? Did a vice president become president for the rest of the presidential term in the case of an inability; or was the vice president merely "acting as President"? Due to this lack of clarity, later vice presidents were hesitant to assert any role in cases of presidential inability.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-XXVHeritage-33">[26]</a> Two situations are noteworthy: <ul> <li>On July 2, 1881, President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_A._Garfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a> was shot; hit from behind by two bullets (one grazing his arm and the other lodging in his back).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH11827-34">[27]</a> The president wavered between life and death for 80 days after the shooting; it was the first time that the nation as a whole experienced the uncertainties associated with a prolonged period of presidential inability.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Feerick2011FLR-11">[8]</a> Most disconcerting, especially for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garfield_administration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Garfield administration">Garfield administration</a> personnel and members of Congress, was the lack of constitutional guidance on how to handle the situation. No one was sure who, if anyone, should exercise presidential authority while the president was disabled; many urged Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> to step up, but he declined, fearful of being labeled a usurper. Aware that he was in a delicate position and that his every action was placed under scrutiny, Arthur remained secluded in his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur_Home?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chester A. Arthur Home">New York City home</a> for most of the summer. Members of the Garfield Cabinet conferred daily with the president's doctors and kept the vice president informed of significant developments on the president's condition.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH11827-34">[27]</a></li> <li>In October 1919, President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> suffered a debilitating <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stroke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stroke">stroke</a>. Nearly blind and partially paralyzed, he spent the final 17 months of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">his presidency</a> sequestered in the White House.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[28]</a> Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a>, the cabinet, and the nation were kept in the dark over the severity of the president's illness for several months. Marshall was pointedly afraid to ask about Wilson's health, or to preside over cabinet meetings, fearful that he would be accused of "longing for his place". Though members of both parties in Congress pledged to support him if he asserted his claim to the presidential powers and duties, Marshall declined to act, or to do anything that might seem ambitious or disloyal to Wilson.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[29]</a> At a time when the fight over joining the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/League_of_Nations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> was reaching a climax, and domestic issues such as strikes, unemployment, inflation and the threat of Communism were demanding action, the operations of the executive branch were once more hampered due to the fact that there was no constitutional basis for declaring that the president was unable to function.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[30]</a></li> </ul> When President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> suffered a heart attack in September 1955, he and Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Nixon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> developed an informal plan authorizing Nixon to assume some administrative duties during Eisenhower's recovery. Although it did not have the force of law, the plan helped to reassure the nation. The agreement also contained a provision whereby Eisenhower could declare his own inability and, if unable to do so, empowered Nixon, with appropriate consultation, to make the decision.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-XXVHeritage-33">[26]</a> Had it been invoked, Nixon would have served as acting president until the president issued a declaration of his recovery. Moved forward as a consequence of President Kennedy's November 1963 assassination, this informal plan evolved into constitutional procedure a decade later through Sections 3 and 4 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, which resolved the uncertainties surrounding presidential disability.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NCC25th-15">[11]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Presidential_succession_by_vice_presidents">Presidential succession by vice presidents</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Nine vice presidents have succeeded to the presidency intra-term, eight due to the president's death, and one due to the president's resignation from office.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Feerick2011FLR-11">[8]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CNN10242017-24">[18]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col">Successor<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CRSsuccession22-38">[31]</a></th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Party<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CRSsuccession22-38">[31]</a></th> <th scope="col">President</th> <th scope="col">Reason</th> <th scope="col">Date of succession<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CRSsuccession22-38">[31]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-VP-PS-39">[32]</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Tyler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a></td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862"></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_died_in_office?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1841:_William_Henry_Harrison" title="List of presidents of the United States who died in office">Death</a></td> <td>April 4, 1841, 31 days into Harrison's presidency.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[33]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Millard_Fillmore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862"></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zachary_Taylor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_died_in_office?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1850:_Zachary_Taylor" title="List of presidents of the United States who died in office">Death</a></td> <td>July 9, 1850, 1 year, 4 months and 5 days into Taylor's presidency.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[34]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a></td> <td style="background: #B22222"></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">Death</a></td> <td>April 15, 1865, 1 month and 11 days into Lincoln's 2nd term.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[35]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a></td> <td style="background: #E81B23"></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_A._Garfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assassination_of_James_A._Garfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assassination of James A. Garfield">Death</a></td> <td>September 19, 1881, 6 months and 15 days into Garfield's presidency.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[36]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></td> <td style="background: #E81B23"></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_McKinley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assassination_of_William_McKinley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assassination of William McKinley">Death</a></td> <td>September 14, 1901, 6 months and 10 days into McKinley's 2nd term.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[37]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a></td> <td style="background: #E81B23"></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warren_G._Harding?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_died_in_office?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1923:_Warren_G._Harding" title="List of presidents of the United States who died in office">Death</a></td> <td>August 2, 1923, 2 years, 4 months and 29 days into Harding's presidency.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[38]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_S._Truman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_died_in_office?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1945:_Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="List of presidents of the United States who died in office">Death</a></td> <td>April 12, 1945, 2 months and 23 days into Roosevelt's 4th term.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[39]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_F._Kennedy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Death</a></td> <td>November 22, 1963, 2 years, 10 months and 2 days into Kennedy's presidency.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[40]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerald_Ford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></td> <td style="background: #E81B23"></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Nixon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resignation_of_Richard_Nixon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Resignation of Richard Nixon">Resignation</a></td> <td>August 9, 1974, 1 year, 6 months and 20 days into Nixon's 2nd term.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[41]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Additionally, three vice presidents have temporarily assumed the powers and duties of the presidency as acting president, as authorized by Section 3 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_H._W._Bush?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> did so once, on July 13, 1985; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dick_Cheney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> did so twice, on June 29, 2002 and again on July 21, 2007; and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kamala_Harris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> did so on November 19, 2021.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[42]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[43]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Presidential_succession_beyond_the_vice_president">Presidential succession beyond the vice president</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Inauguration_of_Gerald_Ford_as_Vice-President,_undated.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Inauguration_of_Gerald_Ford_as_Vice-President%2C_undated.jpg/200px-Inauguration_of_Gerald_Ford_as_Vice-President%2C_undated.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="1977"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Inauguration_of_Gerald_Ford_as_Vice-President%2C_undated.jpg/200px-Inauguration_of_Gerald_Ford_as_Vice-President%2C_undated.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Inauguration_of_Gerald_Ford_as_Vice-President%2C_undated.jpg/300px-Inauguration_of_Gerald_Ford_as_Vice-President%2C_undated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Inauguration_of_Gerald_Ford_as_Vice-President%2C_undated.jpg/400px-Inauguration_of_Gerald_Ford_as_Vice-President%2C_undated.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> 1st-in-line of succession, new Vice President Gerald Ford addressed Congress in 1973 in front of 2nd-in-line Speaker of the House Carl Albert, and 3rd-in-line President pro tempore of the Senate James Eastland. </figcaption> </figure> While several vice presidents have succeeded to the presidency upon the death or resignation of the president, and a number of them have died or resigned, the offices of president and vice president have never been simultaneously vacant;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[H]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[I]</a> thus no other officer in the presidential line of succession has ever been called upon to act as president. There was potential for such a double vacancy when <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Wilkes_Booth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Wilkes Booth">John Wilkes Booth</a> assassinated President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> in 1865, as Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> was also targeted (along with Secretary of State <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Seward?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="William Seward">William Seward</a> and possibly General <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>) as part of Booth's plot to destabilize the Union government.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[48]</a> It again became a real possibility three years later, when, with the vice presidency vacant, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impeachment of Andrew Johnson">Johnson as president was impeached</a> by the House of Representatives and faced removal from office if convicted at trial in the Senate. Johnson was acquitted by a one-vote margin.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[49]</a> The 25th Amendment's mechanism for filling vice presidential vacancies has reduced the likelihood that the House speaker, Senate president pro tempore, or any cabinet member will need to serve as acting president.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CRSsuccession05-13">[10]</a> In October 1973, the resignation of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spiro_Agnew?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a> made House Speaker <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carl_Albert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carl Albert">Carl Albert</a> first in line to succeed President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Nixon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> – but only briefly, as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerald_Ford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> was sworn in as vice president on December 6, 1973.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AlbertWasReady-59">[50]</a> On August 9, 1974, Nixon resigned the presidency, making Ford president; Albert was then again next in line, but only for the four months it took for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> to be nominated and confirmed as Ford's vice president.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Feerick2011FLR-11">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Next_in_line">Next in line</h3> </div> Since 1789 there have been eighteen instances of the vice presidency becoming vacant;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-VP-PS-39">[32]</a> during those periods, the persons next in line to serve as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acting_president_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting president of the United States">acting president</a> were: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Under_the_1792_succession_act">Under the 1792 succession act</h4> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th><abbr title="Occasion number">No.</abbr></th> <th colspan="2">Official (party)</th> <th>Dates</th> <th>Reason</th> <th colspan="2">President (party)</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_H._Crawford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic-Republican Party">(D-R)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[51]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background-color:#008000"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813 </div></td> <td>Death of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Madison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Madison">Madison</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic-Republican Party">(D-R)</a></td> <td style="background-color:#008000"></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langdon_Cheves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langdon Cheves">Langdon Cheves</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic-Republican Party">(D-R)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH8486-61">[52]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a></td> <td style="background-color:#008000"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> November 23, 1814 – November 25, 1814 </div></td> <td>Death of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a>, and vacancy in office of president pro tempore of the Senate</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Madison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Madison">Madison</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic-Republican Party">(D-R)</a></td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#008000"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Gaillard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Gaillard">John Gaillard</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic-Republican Party">(D-R)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH8486-61">[52]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background-color:#008000"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> November 25, 1814 – March 4, 1817 </div></td> <td>John Gaillard elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugh Lawson White">Hugh Lawson White</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH8486-61">[52]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833 </div></td> <td>Resignation of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_C._Calhoun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_Jackson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">4</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel L. Southard">Samuel L. Southard</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Whig Party (United States)">(W)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JT10th-62">[53]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> April 4, 1841 – May 31, 1842 </div></td> <td>Death of President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> and accession of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Tyler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> to presidency</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Tyler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Whig Party (United States)">(W)</a></td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0C862"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willie_Person_Mangum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Willie Person Mangum">Willie Person Mangum</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Whig Party (United States)">(W)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JT10th-62">[53]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background-color:#F0C862"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> May 31, 1842 – March 4, 1845 </div></td> <td>Willie Person Mangum elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">5</td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#d2d2d2"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Vacant<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH104105-63">[54]</a> </div></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> July 9, 1850 – July 11, 1850 </div></td> <td>Death of President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zachary_Taylor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a> and accession of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Millard_Fillmore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> to presidency, vacancy in office of president pro tempore of the Senate, and ineligibility of Speaker of the House <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Howell_Cobb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Howell Cobb">Howell Cobb</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[J]</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Millard_Fillmore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Millard Fillmore">Fillmore</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Whig Party (United States)">(W)</a></td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#F0C862"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_R._King?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William R. King">William R. King</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[55]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> July 11, 1850 – December 20, 1852 </div></td> <td>William R. King elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Rice Atchison">David Rice Atchison</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ProTemporeUSS-66">[56]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> December 20, 1852 – March 4, 1853 </div></td> <td>David Rice Atchison elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">6</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Rice Atchison">David Rice Atchison</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH104105-63">[54]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> April 18, 1853 – December 4, 1854 </div></td> <td>Death of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_R._King?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William R. King">William R. King</a></td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franklin_Pierce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a></td> <td rowspan="6" style="background: #3333FF"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lewis_Cass?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH104105-63">[54]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> December 4, 1854 – December 5, 1854 </div></td> <td>Lewis Cass elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jesse D. Bright">Jesse D. Bright</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH104105-63">[54]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> December 5, 1854 – June 9, 1856 </div></td> <td>Jesse D. Bright elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_E._Stuart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles E. Stuart">Charles E. Stuart</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH104105-63">[54]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> June 9, 1856 – June 10, 1856 </div></td> <td>Charles E. Stuart elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jesse D. Bright">Jesse D. Bright</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH104105-63">[54]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> June 11, 1856 – January 6, 1857 </div></td> <td>Jesse D. Bright elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Murray_Mason?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="James Murray Mason">James Murray Mason</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH104105-63">[54]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> January 6, 1857 – March 4, 1857 </div></td> <td>James Murray Mason elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">7</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lafayette_S._Foster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lafayette S. Foster">Lafayette S. Foster</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5littleknown-67">[57]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> April 15, 1865 – March 2, 1867 </div></td> <td>Death of President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> and accession of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> to presidency</td> <td rowspan="2" nowrap><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew Johnson">A. Johnson</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Union Party (United States)">(NU)</a></td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #B22222"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benjamin_Wade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benjamin Wade">Benjamin Wade</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5littleknown-67">[57]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> March 2, 1867 – March 4, 1869 </div></td> <td>Benjamin Wade elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Thomas W. Ferry</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH116-68">[58]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877 </div></td> <td>Death of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Wilson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">9</td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#d2d2d2"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Vacant<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SP110%E2%80%9318-69">[59]</a> </div></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> September 19, 1881 – October 10, 1881 </div></td> <td>Death of President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_A._Garfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a> and accession of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> to presidency, and vacancy in office of president pro tempore of the Senate and in office of speaker of the House</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chester A. Arthur">Arthur</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a></td> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Thomas F. Bayard</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH131132-70">[60]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> October 10, 1881 – October 13, 1881 </div></td> <td>Thomas E. Bayard elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">David Davis</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Independent_politician?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Independent politician">(I)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH131132-70">[60]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background: #DDDDBB"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> October 13, 1881 – March 3, 1883 </div></td> <td>David Davis elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_F._Edmunds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George F. Edmunds">George F. Edmunds</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH131132-70">[60]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> March 3, 1883 – March 3, 1885 </div></td> <td>George F. Edmunds elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">10</td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#d2d2d2"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Vacant<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SP110%E2%80%9318-69">[59]</a> </div></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> November 25, 1885 – December 7, 1885 </div></td> <td>Death of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a>, and vacancy in office of president pro tempore of the Senate and in office of speaker of the House</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grover_Cleveland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a></td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#3333FF"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Sherman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Sherman">John Sherman</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SP110%E2%80%9318-69">[59]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the Senate</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> December 7, 1885 – January 19, 1886 </div></td> <td>John Sherman elected president pro tempore of the Senate, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Under_the_1886_succession_act">Under the 1886 succession act</h4> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th><abbr title="Occasion number">No.</abbr></th> <th colspan="2">Official (party)</th> <th>Dates</th> <th>Reason</th> <th colspan="2">President (party)</th> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Thomas F. Bayard</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rankin-30">[23]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> January 19, 1886 – March 4, 1889 </div></td> <td>Succession Act of 1886 is enacted, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grover_Cleveland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Hay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Hay">John Hay</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RLF11people-71">[61]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901 </div></td> <td>Death of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garret_Hobart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garret Hobart">Garret Hobart</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_McKinley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Hay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Hay">John Hay</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RLF11people-71">[61]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905 </div></td> <td>Death of President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_McKinley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> and accession of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> to presidency</td> <td nowrap><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodore Roosevelt">T. Roosevelt</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philander_C._Knox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philander C. Knox">Philander C. Knox</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913 </div></td> <td>Death of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_S._Sherman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Howard_Taft?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Howard Taft">Taft</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925 </div></td> <td>Death of President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warren_G._Harding?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a> and accession of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> to the presidency</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a></td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">15</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Stettinius_Jr.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Stettinius Jr.">Edward Stettinius Jr.</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH204205-72">[62]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> April 12, 1945 – June 27, 1945 </div></td> <td>Death of President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> and accession of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_S._Truman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> to the presidency</td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_S._Truman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a></td> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #3333FF"></td> </tr> <tr> <td nowrap><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Morgenthau_Jr.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry Morgenthau Jr.">Henry Morgenthau Jr.</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH204205-72">[62]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> June 27, 1945 – July 3, 1945 </div></td> <td>Resignation of Secretary of State <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Stettinius_Jr.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Stettinius Jr.">Edward Stettinius Jr.</a>, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_F._Byrnes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65FFH204205-72">[62]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> July 3, 1945 – January 21, 1947 </div></td> <td>James F. Byrnes confirmed as Secretary of State, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Marshall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="George Marshall">George Marshall</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RLF11people-71">[61]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> January 21, 1947 – July 18, 1947 </div></td> <td>George Marshall confirmed as Secretary of State, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Under_the_1947_succession_act">Under the 1947 succession act</h4> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th><abbr title="Occasion number">No.</abbr></th> <th colspan="2">Official (party)</th> <th>Dates</th> <th>Reason</th> <th colspan="2">President (party)</th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">15</td> <td nowrap><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_William_Martin_Jr.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph William Martin Jr.">Joseph W. Martin Jr.</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RLF11people-71">[61]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a></td> <td style="background: #E81B23"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> July 18, 1947 – January 3, 1949 </div></td> <td>Succession Act of 1947 is enacted, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_S._Truman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a></td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #3333FF"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sam_Rayburn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sam Rayburn">Sam Rayburn</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73">[63]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> January 3, 1949 – January 20, 1949 </div></td> <td>Sam Rayburn elected speaker of the House, and continuing intra-term vacancy in vice presidency</td> </tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td nowrap><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_W._McCormack?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John W. McCormack">John W. McCormack</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74">[64]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965 </div></td> <td>Death of President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_F._Kennedy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and accession of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> to the presidency</td> <td nowrap><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carl_Albert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carl Albert">Carl Albert</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AlbertWasReady-59">[50]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> October 10, 1973 – December 6, 1973 </div></td> <td>Resignation of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spiro_Agnew?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Nixon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a></td> <td style="background: #E81B23"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carl_Albert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carl Albert">Carl Albert</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democratic Party (United States)">(D)</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Feerick2011FLR-11">[8]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a></td> <td style="background: #3333FF"></td> <td nowrap> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> August 9, 1974 – December 19, 1974 </div></td> <td>Resignation of President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Nixon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and accession of Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerald_Ford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> to the presidency</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerald_Ford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gerald Ford">Ford</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republican Party (United States)">(R)</a></td> <td style="background: #E81B23"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Contemporary_issues_and_concerns">Contemporary issues and concerns</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> In 2003, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continuity_of_Government_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Continuity of Government Commission">Continuity of Government Commission</a> suggested that the succession law has "at least seven significant issues ... that warrant attention", specifically: <ol> <li>The reality that all figures in the line of succession work and reside in the vicinity of Washington, D.C. In the event of a disaster such as a nuclear, chemical, or biological attack, it is possible that everyone on the list would be killed or incapacitated. For this concern, one of the listed people is selected as "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Designated_survivor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Designated survivor">designated survivor</a>" and stays at an undisclosed secure location during certain events where all others are present, such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_of_the_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State of the Union">State of the Union</a> address.</li> <li>Doubt that the speaker of the House and the president pro tempore of the Senate are constitutionally eligible to act as president.</li> <li>A concern about the wisdom of including the president pro tempore in the line of succession as the "largely honorific post traditionally held by the longest-serving senator of the majority party". For example, from January 20, 2001, to June 6, 2001, the president pro tempore was then-98-year-old <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strom_Thurmond?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a>.</li> <li>A concern that the line of succession can force the presidency to abruptly switch parties mid-term, as the president, speaker, and the president pro tempore are not necessarily of the same party as each other.</li> <li>A concern that the succession line is ordered by the dates of creation of the various executive departments, without regard to the skills or capacities of the persons serving as secretary.</li> <li>The fact that, should a Cabinet member begin to act as president, the law allows the House to elect a new speaker (or the Senate to elect a new president pro tempore), who could in effect remove the Cabinet member and assume the office themselves at any time.</li> <li>The absence of a provision where a president is disabled and the vice presidency is vacant (for example, if an assassination attempt simultaneously wounded the president and killed the vice president).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[65]</a></li> </ol> In 2009, the Continuity of Government Commission commented on the use of the term "Officer" in the 1947 statute, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"> The language in the current Presidential Succession Act is less clear than that of the 1886 Act with respect to Senate confirmation. The 1886 Act refers to "such officers as shall have been appointed by the advice and consent of the Senate to the office therein named …" The current act merely refers to "officers appointed, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate." Read literally, this means that the current act allows for acting secretaries to be in the line of succession as long as they are confirmed by the Senate for a post (even for example, the second or third in command within a department). It is common for a second in command to become acting secretary when the secretary leaves office. Though there is some dispute over this provision, the language clearly permits acting secretaries to be placed in the line of succession. (We have spoken to acting secretaries who told us they had been placed in the line of succession.)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[66]</a> </blockquote> In 2016–2017, the Second <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fordham_University_School_of_Law?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fordham University School of Law">Fordham University School of Law</a> Clinic on Presidential Succession developed a series of proposals to "resolve succession issues that have received little attention from scholars and commissions" over the past several decades; its recommendations included: <ul> <li>Removing legislators and several Cabinet members from the line of succession and adding four officials, or "Standing Successors", outside of Washington, D.C. The line of succession would be: 1st—Secretary of State, 2nd—Secretary of Defense, 3rd—Attorney General, 4th—Secretary of Homeland Security, 5th—Secretary of the Treasury, 6th—Standing Successor 1, 7th—Standing Successor 2, 8th—Standing Successor 3, and 9th—Standing Successor 4;</li> <li>If legislators are not removed from the line of succession, only designate them as successors in cases where the president dies or resigns, not where he is disabled (to protect legislators from being forced to resign to act as president temporarily) or removed from office;</li> <li>Eliminate the "bumping provision" in the Succession Act of 1947;</li> <li>Clarify the ambiguity in the Succession Act of 1947 as to whether acting Cabinet secretaries are in the line of succession;</li> <li>That the outgoing president nominate and the Senate confirm some of the incoming president's Cabinet secretaries prior to Inauguration Day, which is a particular point of vulnerability for the line of succession;</li> <li>Establish statutory procedures for declaring 1) a dual inability of the president and the vice president, including where there is no vice president and 2) a sole inability of the vice president.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50after25th-77">[67]</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="30" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Law?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></li> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Politics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Locator_System?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central Locator System">Central Locator System</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Designated_survivor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Designated survivor">Designated survivor</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_assassination_attempts_and_plots?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of United States presidential assassination attempts and plots">List of United States presidential assassination attempts and plots</a></li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-upper-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-eligibleif-5">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eligibleif_5-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eligibleif_5-1">b</a> Eligible if <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acting_(law)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> officers whose prior executive branch appointment required Senate confirmation are included in the line of succession, which is unclear. The current succession act states that the list of eligible cabinet officers includes only "officers appointed, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate," whereas the previous act stated that the list (of eligible cabinet secretaries) only applied to persons confirmed to "the offices therein named," thus excluded acting secretaries. Many officials who serve as acting secretaries have previously received Senate confirmations for deputy-level posts, and so might be eligible under the more ambiguous wording of the current law.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-continuity2brookings-4">[4]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-naturalized-6">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-naturalized_6-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-naturalized_6-1">b</a> Ineligible due to being a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naturalized_citizen_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalized citizen of the United States">naturalized</a> citizen, not <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natural-born-citizen_clause_(United_States)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natural-born-citizen clause (United States)">natural-born</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> The final sentence of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">12th Amendment</a> explicitly states that the constitutional qualifications for holding the presidency also apply to being vice president.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[6]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> This section 2 of the 25th Amendment has been invoked twice: 1973—<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerald_Ford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1973_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1973 United States vice presidential confirmation">nominated and confirmed</a> to office following <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spiro_Agnew?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a>'s resignation. 1974—<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1974_United_States_vice_presidential_confirmation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1974 United States vice presidential confirmation">nominated and confirmed</a> to office after Ford became president upon <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Nixon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>'s resignation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CRSsuccession05-13">[10]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of War, Attorney-General, Postmaster-General, Secretary of the Navy, and Secretary of the Interior.</li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of War, Attorney General, Postmaster General, Secretary of the Navy, Secretary of the Interior, Secretary of Agriculture, Secretary of Commerce, Secretary of Labor.</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> 1947—substituted Secretary of Defense for Secretary of War and struck out Secretary of the Navy. 1965—added Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and also Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. 1966—added Secretary of Transportation. 1970—removed Postmaster General. 1977—added Secretary of Energy. 1979—substituted Secretary of Health and Human Services for Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and added Secretary of Education. 1988—Secretary of Veterans Affairs. 2006—Secretary of Homeland Security.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[19]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> Various friends and colleagues of Senator <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Rice Atchison">David Rice Atchison</a> asserted that both offices were vacant on March 4–5, 1849, because the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Term_of_office?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Term of office">terms</a> of President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zachary_Taylor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a> and Vice President <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Millard_Fillmore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> began on March 4, but neither took their oath of office on that day – following precedent as the day fell on a Sunday. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States presidential inauguration">inauguration</a> was held the next day, Monday, March 5.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[44]</a> Consequently, they considered <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Rice Atchison">David Rice Atchison</a>, by virtue of being the last <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">president pro tempore of the Senate</a> in the out-going Congress, to have been Acting President of the United States during the day-long <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interregnum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interregnum">Interregnum</a> in accordance with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Presidential_Succession_Act_of_1792" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1792</a>. Historians, constitutional scholars and biographers all dismiss the claim. Atchison did not take the presidential oath of office either, and his term as president pro tempore had expired on March 4.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[45]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a> Republican presidential nominee <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wendell_Willkie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a> and vice presidential nominee <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_L._McNary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles L. McNary">Charles L. McNary</a> both died in 1944 (October 8, and February 25, respectively); the first, and to date only time both members of a major-party presidential ticket died during the term for which they sought election. Had they been elected, Willkie's death would have resulted in the Secretary of State becoming acting president for the remainder of the term ending on January 20, 1945, in accordance with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Presidential_Succession_Act_of_1886" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1886</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[46]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[47]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">^</a> Not yet 35 years old.</li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2017-title3/pdf/USCODE-2017-title3-chap1.pdf">"Title 3—The President: Chapter 1—Presidential Elections and Vacancies"</a> (PDF). 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510101502/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/19/politics/kamala-harris-presidential-power/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2023. 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Retrieved January 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Teachinghistory.org&rft.atitle=Booth%27s+Reason+for+Assassination&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teachinghistory.org%2Fhistory-content%2Fask-a-historian%2F24242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/the-forgotten-man-who-almost-became-president-after-lincoln/">"The forgotten man who almost became President after Lincoln"</a>. The constitution Daily. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: The National Constitution Center. April 15, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704213111/https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/the-forgotten-man-who-almost-became-president-after-lincoln/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+constitution+Daily&rft.atitle=The+forgotten+man+who+almost+became+President+after+Lincoln&rft.date=2018-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconstitutioncenter.org%2Fblog%2Fthe-forgotten-man-who-almost-became-president-after-lincoln%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-AlbertWasReady-59">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AlbertWasReady_59-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AlbertWasReady_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGup1982" class="citation news cs1">Gup, Ted (November 28, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/11/28/speaker-albert-was-ready-to-be-president/84ebaa61-9cf1-4817-836e-a993e7e0e980/">"Speaker Albert Was Ready to Be President"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728131338/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/11/28/speaker-albert-was-ready-to-be-president/84ebaa61-9cf1-4817-836e-a993e7e0e980/">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Speaker+Albert+Was+Ready+to+Be+President&rft.date=1982-11-28&rft.aulast=Gup&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1982%2F11%2F28%2Fspeaker-albert-was-ready-to-be-president%2F84ebaa61-9cf1-4817-836e-a993e7e0e980%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_George_Clinton.htm">"George Clinton, 4th Vice President (1805–1812)"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary, United States Senate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220222242/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_George_Clinton.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Clinton%2C+4th+Vice+President+%281805%E2%80%931812%29&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary%2C+United+States+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fgeneric%2FVP_George_Clinton.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-65FFH8486-61">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH8486_61-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH8486_61-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH8486_61-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeerickFreund1965" class="citation book cs1">Feerick, John D.; Freund, Paul A. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books">From Failing Hands: the Story of Presidential Succession</a>. New York City: Fordham University Press. pp. 84, 86. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lccn.loc.gov/65-14917">65-14917</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120053125/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Failing+Hands%3A+the+Story+of+Presidential+Succession&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=84%2C+86&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F65-14917&rft.aulast=Feerick&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.au=Freund%2C+Paul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.lawnet.fordham.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-JT10th-62">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JT10th_62-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JT10th_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_John_Tyler.htm">"John Tyler, Tenth Vice President (1841)"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary, United States Senate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307145505/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_John_Tyler.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Tyler%2C+Tenth+Vice+President+%281841%29&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary%2C+United+States+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fgeneric%2FVP_John_Tyler.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-65FFH104105-63">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH104105_63-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH104105_63-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH104105_63-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH104105_63-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH104105_63-4">e</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH104105_63-5">f</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH104105_63-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeerickFreund1965" class="citation book cs1">Feerick, John D.; Freund, Paul A. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books">From Failing Hands: the Story of Presidential Succession</a>. New York City: Fordham University Press. pp. 104–105. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lccn.loc.gov/65-14917">65-14917</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120053125/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Failing+Hands%3A+the+Story+of+Presidential+Succession&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=104-105&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F65-14917&rft.aulast=Feerick&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.au=Freund%2C+Paul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.lawnet.fordham.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_William_R_King.htm">"William Rufus King, 13th Vice President (1853)"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary, United States Senate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903211242/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_William_R_King.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Rufus+King%2C+13th+Vice+President+%281853%29&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary%2C+United+States+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fgeneric%2FVP_William_R_King.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-ProTemporeUSS-66"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ProTemporeUSS_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/President_Pro_Tempore.htm">"President Pro Tempore"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary, United States Senate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124200100/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/President_Pro_Tempore.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Pro+Tempore&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary%2C+United+States+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fcommon%2Fbriefing%2FPresident_Pro_Tempore.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-5littleknown-67">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5littleknown_67-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5littleknown_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBomboy2017" class="citation web cs1">Bomboy, Scott (August 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/five-little-known-men-who-almost-became-president">"Five little-known men who almost became president"</a>. Constitution Daily. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: National Constitution Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704212812/https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/five-little-known-men-who-almost-became-president">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved July 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitution+Daily&rft.atitle=Five+little-known+men+who+almost+became+president&rft.date=2017-08-11&rft.aulast=Bomboy&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconstitutioncenter.org%2Fblog%2Ffive-little-known-men-who-almost-became-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-65FFH116-68"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH116_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeerickFreund1965" class="citation book cs1">Feerick, John D.; Freund, Paul A. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books">From Failing Hands: the Story of Presidential Succession</a>. New York City: Fordham University Press. p. 116. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lccn.loc.gov/65-14917">65-14917</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120053125/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Failing+Hands%3A+the+Story+of+Presidential+Succession&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F65-14917&rft.aulast=Feerick&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.au=Freund%2C+Paul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.lawnet.fordham.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-SP110–18-69">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SP110%E2%80%9318_69-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SP110%E2%80%9318_69-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SP110%E2%80%9318_69-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson2008" class="citation book cs1">Erickson, Nancy, ed. (August 22, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CPUB-110spub18/pdf/GPO-CPUB-110spub18-1-7.pdf">"Chapter 2: A Question of Succession, 1861-1889"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/protempresidents00wash/page/55">Pro tem : presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate since 1789</a>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing office. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/protempresidents00wash/page/55">55–57</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-079984-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-079984-6"><bdi>978-0-16-079984-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved June 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+A+Question+of+Succession%2C+1861-1889&rft.btitle=Pro+tem+%3A+presidents+pro+tempore+of+the+United+States+Senate+since+1789&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=55-57&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+office&rft.date=2008-08-22&rft.isbn=978-0-16-079984-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CPUB-110spub18%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CPUB-110spub18-1-7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-65FFH131132-70">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH131132_70-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH131132_70-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH131132_70-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeerickFreund1965" class="citation book cs1">Feerick, John D.; Freund, Paul A. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books">From Failing Hands: the Story of Presidential Succession</a>. New York City: Fordham University Press. pp. 131–132. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lccn.loc.gov/65-14917">65-14917</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120053125/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Failing+Hands%3A+the+Story+of+Presidential+Succession&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=131-132&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F65-14917&rft.aulast=Feerick&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.au=Freund%2C+Paul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.lawnet.fordham.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-RLF11people-71">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RLF11people_71-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RLF11people_71-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RLF11people_71-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RLF11people_71-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeinman2016" class="citation web cs1">Feinman, Ronald L. (March 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/161656">"These 11 People Came Close to Being President of the United States …"</a>. Seattle, Washington: History News Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114220143/https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/161656">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=These+11+People+Came+Close+to+Being+President+of+the+United+States+%E2%80%A6&rft.place=Seattle%2C+Washington&rft.pub=History+News+Network&rft.date=2016-03-22&rft.aulast=Feinman&rft.aufirst=Ronald+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorynewsnetwork.org%2Farticle%2F161656&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-65FFH204205-72">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH204205_72-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH204205_72-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65FFH204205_72-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeerickFreund1965" class="citation book cs1">Feerick, John D.; Freund, Paul A. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books">From Failing Hands: the Story of Presidential Succession</a>. New York City: Fordham University Press. pp. 204–205. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lccn.loc.gov/65-14917">65-14917</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120053125/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Failing+Hands%3A+the+Story+of+Presidential+Succession&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=204-205&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F65-14917&rft.aulast=Feerick&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft.au=Freund%2C+Paul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.lawnet.fordham.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1000%26context%3Dtwentyfifth_amendment_books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://history.house.gov/People/Office/Speakers-List/">"List of Speakers of the House"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704213120/http://history.house.gov/People/Office/Speakers-List/">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Speakers+of+the+House&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Clerk%2C+U.S.+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FOffice%2FSpeakers-List%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeinman2015" class="citation web cs1">Feinman, Ronald L. (November 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.theprogressiveprofessor.com/?p%3D25842">"Three Speakers Of The House Who Were "A Heartbeat Away" From The Presidency!"</a>. TheProgressiveProfessor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704183040/http://www.theprogressiveprofessor.com/?p%3D25842">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved July 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheProgressiveProfessor&rft.atitle=Three+Speakers+Of+The+House+Who+Were+%22A+Heartbeat+Away%22+From+The+Presidency%21&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.aulast=Feinman&rft.aufirst=Ronald+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theprogressiveprofessor.com%2F%3Fp%3D25842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625015852/http://www.continuityofgovernment.org/pdfs/FirstReport.pdf">"The Continuity of Congress: The First Report of the Continuity of Government Commission"</a> (PDF). Preserving Our Institutions. Washington, D.C.: Continuity of Government Commission. May 2003. p. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.continuityofgovernment.org/pdfs/FirstReport.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2008 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Continuity+of+Congress%3A+The+First+Report+of+the+Continuity+of+Government+Commission&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=Preserving+Our+Institutions&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Continuity+of+Government+Commission&rft.date=2003-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.continuityofgovernment.org%2Fpdfs%2FFirstReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060729/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2009/7/06%2520continuity%2520of%2520government/06_continuity_of_government.pdf">"The Continuity of the Presidency: The Second Report of the Continuity of Government Commission"</a> (PDF). Preserving Our Institutions. Washington, D.C.: Continuity of Government Commission. June 2009. p. 34. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/reports/2009/06_continuity_of_government/06_continuity_of_government.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2012 – via WebCite.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Continuity+of+the+Presidency%3A+The+Second+Report+of+the+Continuity+of+Government+Commission&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=Preserving+Our+Institutions&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Continuity+of+Government+Commission&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2Frc%2Freports%2F2009%2F06_continuity_of_government%2F06_continuity_of_government.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-50after25th-77"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50after25th_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D5454%26context%3Dflr">"Second Fordham University School of Law Clinic on Presidential Succession, Fifty Years After the Twenty-Fifth Amendment: Recommendations for Improving the Presidential Succession System"</a>. Fordham Law Review. 86 (3): 917–1025. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114220156/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D5454%26context%3Dflr">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fordham+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Second+Fordham+University+School+of+Law+Clinic+on+Presidential+Succession%2C+Fifty+Years+After+the+Twenty-Fifth+Amendment%3A+Recommendations+for+Improving+the+Presidential+Succession+System&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=917-1025&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.lawnet.fordham.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D5454%26context%3Dflr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+presidential+line+of+succession" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul> <li>Baker, M. Miller (December 1, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fedsoc.org/commentary/publications/fools-drunkards-presidential-succession">"Fools, Drunkards, & Presidential Succession"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federalist_Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federalist Society">Federalist Society</a>.</li> <li>Feerick, John D. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D4695%26context%3Dflr">"Presidential Succession and Inability: Before and After the Twenty-Fifth Amendment"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fordham_Law_Review?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fordham Law Review">Fordham Law Review</a>. 79 (3): 907–949. Also available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol79/iss3/8">here</a>.</li> <li>Neale, Thomas H. (October 3, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://2016election.procon.org/sourcefiles/crs_report_presidential_sucession.pdf">Presidential Succession: Perspectives, Contemporary Analysis, and 110th Congress Proposed Legislation</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a> Report for Congress. RL34692.</li> <li>Whitney, Gleaves (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/ask_gleaves/57/">"Presidential Succession"</a>. Ask Gleaves. Paper 57. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_Valley_State_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand Valley State University">Grand Valley State University</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2584_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A_%25D9%2581%25D9%258A_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A9" title="تسلسل التداول الرئاسي في الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسلسل التداول الرئاسي في الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D0%25B7%25D1%2596%25D0%25B4%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596%25D1%2585_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%259E%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2586%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%259E_%25D1%2583_%25D0%2597%25D0%25A8%25D0%2590" title="Наследаванне прэзідэнцкіх паўнамоцтваў у ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Наследаванне прэзідэнцкіх паўнамоцтваў у ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A1%25D0%2590%25D0%25A9" title="Поредност на заместниците на президента на САЩ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Поредност на заместниците на президента на САЩ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25A1stupnictv%25C3%25AD_na_%25C3%25BA%25C5%2599ad_prezidenta_Spojen%25C3%25BDch_st%25C3%25A1t%25C5%25AF_americk%25C3%25BDch" title="Nástupnictví na úřad prezidenta Spojených států amerických – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nástupnictví na úřad prezidenta Spojených států amerických" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachfolge_des_Pr%25C3%25A4sidenten_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Nachfolge des Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nachfolge des Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_%25C3%259Chendriikide_presidendij%25C3%25A4rjekord" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide presidendijärjekord – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Ühendriikide presidendijärjekord" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADnea_de_sucesi%25C3%25B3n_presidencial_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Línea de sucesión presidencial de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Línea de sucesión presidencial de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B5%25D9%2581_%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587_%25D8%25A2%25D9%2585%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7" title="صف جانشینی ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صف جانشینی ریاست‌جمهوری ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_de_succession_pr%25C3%25A9sidentielle_des_%25C3%2589tats-Unis" title="Ordre de succession présidentielle des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre de succession présidentielle des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25AF%25B8%25EA%25B5%25AD_%25EB%258C%2580%25ED%2586%25B5%25EB%25A0%25B9_%25EA%25B3%2584%25EC%258A%25B9%25EC%2588%259C%25EC%259C%2584" title="미국 대통령 계승순위 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 대통령 계승순위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erf%25C3%25B0ar%25C3%25B6%25C3%25B0_Bandar%25C3%25ADska_forsetaemb%25C3%25A6ttisins" title="Erfðaröð Bandaríska forsetaembættisins – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Erfðaröð Bandaríska forsetaembættisins" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linea_di_successione_presidenziale_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%2527America" title="Linea di successione presidenziale negli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Linea di successione presidenziale negli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A1%25D7%2593%25D7%25A8_%25D7%2594%25D7%2599%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%25A9%25D7%2594_%25D7%25A9%25D7%259C_%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A9%25D7%2599%25D7%2590_%25D7%2590%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A6%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA_%25D7%2594%25D7%2591%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="סדר הירושה של נשיא ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סדר הירושה של נשיא ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%25A8%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%25A8%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%259D_%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%25AE%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2598" title="ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატების საპრეზიდენტო მემკვიდრეობითი ხაზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატების საპრეზიდენტო მემკვიდრეობითი ხაზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAV_prezidento_pareig%25C5%25B3_per%25C4%2597mimo_linija" title="JAV prezidento pareigų perėmimo linija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="JAV prezidento pareigų perėmimo linija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Amerikai_Egyes%25C3%25BClt_%25C3%2581llamok_eln%25C3%25B6ki_ut%25C3%25B3dl%25C3%25A1si_sorrendje" title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok elnöki utódlási sorrendje – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok elnöki utódlási sorrendje" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%259A%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25A1%25D0%2590%25D0%2594" title="Претседателска линија на наследување на САД – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Претседателска линија на наследување на САД" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijn_van_opvolging_voor_het_presidentschap_van_de_Verenigde_Staten" title="Lijn van opvolging voor het presidentschap van de Verenigde Staten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijn van opvolging voor het presidentschap van de Verenigde Staten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a 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