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vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prif ddewislen" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prif ddewislen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Prif ddewislen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Panel llywio </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hafan" title="Ymweld â'r Hafan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hafan</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Porth_y_Gymuned" title="Pethau i'w gwneud, adnoddau a thudalennau'r gymuned"><span>Porth y Gymuned</span></a></li><li id="n-cafe" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Y_Caffi"><span>Y Caffi</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categori:Materion_cyfoes" title="Gwybodaeth yn gysylltiedig â materion cyfoes"><span>Materion cyfoes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:RecentChanges" title="Rhestr y newidiadau diweddar ar y wici. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Newidiadau diweddar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Random" title="Llwytho tudalen ar hap [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Erthygl ar hap</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Cymorth" title="Tudalennau cymorth"><span>Cymorth</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hafan" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wicipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cy.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cy.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Chwilio</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Chwilio Wicipedia" aria-label="Chwilio Wicipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Chwilio Wicipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Arbennig:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Chwilio</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Offer personol"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Gwedd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Newidiwch ymddangosiad maint ffont, lled a lliw y dudalen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwedd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwedd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy" class=""><span>Rhoi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Niwrowyddoniaeth" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol" class=""><span>Creu cyfrif</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Niwrowyddoniaeth" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mewngofnodi</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Rhagor o opsiynau" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Offer personol" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Offer personol</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Dewislen defnyddiwr" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cy.wikipedia.org&uselang=cy"><span>Rhoi</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:CreateAccount&returnto=Niwrowyddoniaeth" title="Rydym yn argymell eich bod yn creu cyfri ac yn menwgofnodi. Fodd bynnag, dydy hyn ddim yn orfodol"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creu cyfrif</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbennig:UserLogin&returnto=Niwrowyddoniaeth" title="Fe'ch anogir i fewngofnodi, er nad oes rhaid gwneud. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mewngofnodi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tudalennau ar gyfer golygyddion allgofnodedig <a href="/wiki/Cymorth:Cyflwyniad" aria-label="Dysgu mwy am olygu"><span>dysgu mwy</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyContributions" title="Rhestr golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Cyfraniadau</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:MyTalk" title="Sgwrs ynglŷn â golygiadau o'r cyfeiriad IP hwn [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Sgwrs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Safle"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cynnwys" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cynnwys</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">symud i'r bar ochr</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">cuddio</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Y dechrau</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Cyfeiriadau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyfeiriadau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Cyfeiriadau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyfeiriadau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dolenni_allanol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dolenni_allanol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dolenni allanol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dolenni_allanol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cynnwys" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toglo'r tabl cynnwys" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toglo'r tabl cynnwys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Niwrowyddoniaeth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ewch i erthygl mewn iaith arall. Ar gael mewn 74 iaith" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 iaith</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurowetenskap" title="Neurowetenskap - Affricaneg" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Neurowetenskap" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Affricaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तंत्रिका विज्ञान - Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तंत्रिका विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علوم عصبية - Arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علوم عصبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurociencia" title="Neurociencia - Astwrianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Neurociencia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Astwrianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyroelm" title="Neyroelm - Aserbaijaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neyroelm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaijaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Невронаука - Bwlgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Невронаука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bwlgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="স্নায়ুবিজ্ঞান - Bengaleg" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্নায়ুবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="স্নায়ুবিজ্ঞান - Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="স্নায়ুবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronauka" title="Neuronauka - Bosnieg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Neuronauka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroci%C3%A8ncia" title="Neurociència - Catalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Neurociència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زانستی دەماری - Cwrdeg Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانستی دەماری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Cwrdeg Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurov%C4%9Bda" title="Neurověda - Tsieceg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neurověda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsieceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurovidenskab" title="Neurovidenskab - Daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Neurovidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurowissenschaften" title="Neurowissenschaften - Almaeneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neurowissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7" title="Νευροεπιστήμη - Groeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νευροεπιστήμη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Groeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience - Saesneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Neuroscience" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Saesneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C5%ADroscienco" title="Neŭroscienco - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Neŭroscienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurociencia" title="Neurociencia - Sbaeneg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neurociencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sbaeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroteadus" title="Neuroteadus - Estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Neuroteadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurozientzia" title="Neurozientzia - Basgeg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Neurozientzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="علوم اعصاب - Perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علوم اعصاب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotiede" title="Neurotiede - Ffinneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neurotiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Ffinneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosciences" title="Neurosciences - Ffrangeg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Neurosciences" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Ffrangeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurowedenskap" title="Neurowedenskap - Ffriseg Gogleddol" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Neurowedenskap" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Ffriseg Gogleddol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurociencia" title="Neurociencia - Galisieg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Neurociencia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97" title="מדעי המוח - Hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדעי המוח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तंत्रिका विज्ञान - Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तंत्रिका विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroznanost" title="Neuroznanost - Croateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Neuroznanost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idegtudom%C3%A1ny" title="Idegtudomány - Hwngareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Idegtudomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hwngareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նեյրոգիտություն - Armeneg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեյրոգիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_saraf" title="Ilmu saraf - Indoneseg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ilmu saraf" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurocienco" title="Neurocienco - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Neurocienco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taugav%C3%ADsindi" title="Taugavísindi - Islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Taugavísindi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscienze" title="Neuroscienze - Eidaleg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neuroscienze" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Eidaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神経科学 - Japaneeg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="神経科学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaneeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ნეირომეცნიერება - Georgeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეირომეცნიერება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hola_wondu_l%C9%9B%C9%A3t%CA%8A_t%CA%8Am%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Hola wondu lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hola wondu lɛɣtʊ tʊmɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Нейроғылым - Casacheg" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нейроғылым" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Casacheg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="신경과학 - Coreeg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신경과학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscientia" title="Neuroscientia - Lladin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Neuroscientia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Lladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosiensa" title="Neurosiensa - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Neurosiensa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroweitesjap" title="Neuroweitesjap - Limbwrgeg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Neuroweitesjap" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limbwrgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromokslai" title="Neuromokslai - Lithwaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neuromokslai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithwaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neirozin%C4%81tne" title="Neirozinātne - Latfieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neirozinātne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latfieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Невронаука - Macedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Невронаука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ന്യൂറോസയൻസ് - Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ന്യൂറോസയൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosains" title="Neurosains - Maleieg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Neurosains" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurowetenschap" title="Neurowetenschap - Iseldireg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neurowetenschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Iseldireg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevrovitenskap" title="Nevrovitenskap - Norwyeg Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nevrovitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwyeg Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosci%C3%A9ncia" title="Neurosciéncia - Ocsitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Neurosciéncia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ocsitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੰਤੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ - Pwnjabeg" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੰਤੂ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pwnjabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurociencia" title="Neurociencia - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Neurociencia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronauka" title="Neuronauka - Pwyleg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neuronauka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pwyleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="عصبي علوم - Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عصبي علوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroci%C3%AAncia" title="Neurociência - Portiwgaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Neurociência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portiwgaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuro%C8%99tiin%C8%9Be" title="Neuroștiințe - Rwmaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Neuroștiințe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rwmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Нейронауки - Rwseg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нейронауки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rwseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronauka" title="Neuronauka - Serbo-Croateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neuronauka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Neuroscience" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroshkenca" title="Neuroshkenca - Albaneg" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Neuroshkenca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Неуронауке - Serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Неуронауке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurovetenskap" title="Neurovetenskap - Swedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neurovetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நரம்பணுவியல் - Tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நரம்பணுவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ประสาทวิทยาศาสตร์ - Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประสาทวิทยาศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosiyensiya" title="Neurosiyensiya - Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Neurosiyensiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6robilim" title="Nörobilim - Tyrceg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nörobilim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tyrceg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нейронаука - Wcreineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нейронаука" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Wcreineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="علم الاعصاب - Wrdw" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="علم الاعصاب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Wrdw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_th%E1%BA%A7n_kinh" title="Khoa học thần kinh - Fietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoa học thần kinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Fietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosyensya" title="Neurosyensya - Winarayeg" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Neurosyensya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Winarayeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学 - Wu Tsieineaidd" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="神经科学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tsieineaidd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学 - Tsieinëeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="神经科学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tsieinëeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEn-keng-kho-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Sîn-keng-kho-ha̍k - Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sîn-keng-kho-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="神經科學 - 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class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption>Niwrowyddoniaeth</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row">Enghraifft o'r canlynol</th><td>disgyblaeth academaidd, pwnc gradd <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011?uselang=cy#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Math</th><td><a href="/wiki/Gwyddoniaeth" title="Gwyddoniaeth">gwyddoniaeth</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011?uselang=cy#P279" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Rhan o</th><td><a href="/wiki/Meddygaeth" title="Meddygaeth">meddygaeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seicoleg" title="Seicoleg">seicoleg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bywydeg" title="Bywydeg">bywydeg</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011?uselang=cy#P361" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Yn cynnwys</th><td>Niwrooffioleg, cognitive neuroscience, Neuroanatomi <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011?uselang=cy#P527" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tudalen Comin"><img alt="Tudalen Comin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neuroscience" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Neuroscience">Ffeiliau perthnasol ar Gomin Wicimedia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Astudiaeth <a href="/wiki/Gwyddoniaeth" title="Gwyddoniaeth">wyddonol</a> sydd yn ymwneud â strwythurau, swyddogaethau, ac anhwylderau'r <a href="/wiki/System_nerfol" title="System nerfol">system nerfol</a> (yr <a href="/wiki/Ymennydd" title="Ymennydd">ymennydd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llinyn_yr_asgwrn_cefn" title="Llinyn yr asgwrn cefn">llinyn yr asgwrn cefn</a>, a'r <a href="/w/index.php?title=System_nerfol_berifferol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System nerfol berifferol (dim tudalen ar gael)">system nerfol berifferol</a>) yw <b>niwrowyddoniaeth</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-KCL_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maes amlddisgyblaethol ydyw sydd yn cyfuno <a href="/wiki/Ffisioleg" title="Ffisioleg">ffisioleg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatomeg" title="Anatomeg">anatomeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bioleg_foleciwlaidd" title="Bioleg foleciwlaidd">bioleg foleciwlaidd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bioleg_datblygiad" title="Bioleg datblygiad">bioleg datblygiad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sytoleg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sytoleg">sytoleg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seicoleg" title="Seicoleg">seicoleg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ffiseg" title="Ffiseg">ffiseg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyfrifiadureg" title="Cyfrifiadureg">cyfrifiadureg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cemeg" title="Cemeg">cemeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meddygaeth" title="Meddygaeth">meddygaeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ystadegaeth" title="Ystadegaeth">ystadegaeth</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modelu_mathemategol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modelu mathemategol (dim tudalen ar gael)">modelu mathemategol</a> er mwyn deall priodweddau <a href="/wiki/Niwron" title="Niwron">niwronau</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cell_glial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cell glial (dim tudalen ar gael)">celloedd glial</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cylched_niwral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cylched niwral (dim tudalen ar gael)">chylchedau niwral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Niwrowyddoniaeth ydy un o'r prif meysydd sydd yn mynd i'r afael â sylfeini biolegol <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysgu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dysgu (dim tudalen ar gael)">dysgu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cof (dim tudalen ar gael)">cof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ymddygiad" title="Ymddygiad">ymddygiad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canfyddiad" title="Canfyddiad">canfyddiad</a>, ac <a href="/wiki/Ymwybyddiaeth" title="Ymwybyddiaeth">ymwybyddiaeth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yn niwedd y 19g a dechrau'r 20g, gwyddonwyr megis <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Santiago Ramón y Cajal</a> a <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> oedd y cyntaf i ddefnyddio technegau staenio i astudio strwythur niwronau unigol a'r cysylltiadau rhyngddynt, gan osod sylfaen i niwrowyddoniaeth gellog a moleciwlaidd. Yn sgil y chwyldro <a href="/wiki/Electroneg" title="Electroneg">electroneg</a>, dyfeisiwyd dulliau cyfrifiadurol o astudio'r ymennydd, gan gynnwys <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electroenceffalograffeg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electroenceffalograffeg (dim tudalen ar gael)">electroenceffalograffeg</a> (EEG) a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomograffeg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomograffeg (dim tudalen ar gael)">thomograffeg</a> allyrru positronau (PET). Gyda'r dechnoleg hon, galluogid i wyddonwyr archwilio gweithgareddau'r ymennydd mewn amser real. Yn y degawdau diweddar, mae amrediad y ddisgyblaeth wedi ehangu i gynnwys is-feysydd newydd megis niwrowyddoniaeth wybyddol, niwrowyddoniaeth gyfrifiadol, a niwrofoeseg, ac i fenthyg o ddatblygiadau ym <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peirianneg_genetig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peirianneg genetig (dim tudalen ar gael)">mheirianneg genetig</a> ac <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optogeneteg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optogeneteg (dim tudalen ar gael)">optogeneteg</a>. Defnyddir nifer o dechnegau gan niwrowyddonwyr i astudio niwronau unigol ar lefelau moleciwlaidd a <a href="/wiki/Bioleg_cell" title="Bioleg cell">chellog</a>, ac i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niwroddelweddu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niwroddelweddu (dim tudalen ar gael)">ddelweddu</a> tasgau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niwron_synhwyraidd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niwron synhwyraidd (dim tudalen ar gael)">synhwyraidd</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niwron_echddygol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niwron echddygol (dim tudalen ar gael)">echddygol</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gwybyddiaeth" title="Gwybyddiaeth">gwybyddol</a> yn yr ymennydd. </p><p>Mae datblygiadau yn niwrowyddoniaeth wedi arwain at ddealltwriaeth well o'r mecanweithiau sydd yn sail i swyddogaethau'r ymennydd, yn ogystal â datblygu therapïau newydd ar gyfer anhwylderau <a href="/wiki/Niwroleg" class="mw-redirect" title="Niwroleg">niwrolegol</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiciatreg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seiciatreg (dim tudalen ar gael)">seiciatrig</a>. Mae gan niwrowyddoniaeth hefyd oblygiadau eang ar gyfer cymdeithas, gan gynnwys cwestiynau moesegol ynglŷn ag ymyrru â'r ymennydd a'r system nerfol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyfeiriadau">Cyfeiriadau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niwrowyddoniaeth&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Golygu'r adran: Cyfeiriadau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niwrowyddoniaeth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Cyfeiriadau"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KCL-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KCL_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/neuroscience/about/what-is-neuroscience#:~:text=At%20its%20most%20basic%2C%20neuroscience,primary%20focus%20on%20the%20brain">"What is neuroscience?"</a>. <i>King´s College London. School of Neuroscience</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=King%C2%B4s+College+London.+School+of+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=What+is+neuroscience%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcl.ac.uk%2Fneuroscience%2Fabout%2Fwhat-is-neuroscience%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAt%2520its%2520most%2520basic%252C%2520neuroscience%2Cprimary%2520focus%2520on%2520the%2520brain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANiwrowyddoniaeth" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8312344">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKandel2012" class="citation book">Kandel, Eric R. (2012). <i>Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition</i>. McGraw-Hill Education. tt. I. Overall perspective. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0071390118" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0071390118"><bdi>978-0071390118</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Neural+Science%2C+Fifth+Edition&rft.pages=I.+Overall+perspective&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0071390118&rft.aulast=Kandel&rft.aufirst=Eric+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANiwrowyddoniaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAyd2000" class="citation book">Ayd, Frank J. Jr. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ea_QVG2BFy8C&q=neuroscience+multidisciplinary&pg=PA688"><i>Lexicon of Psychiatry, Neurology and the Neurosciences</i></a>. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. t. 688. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0781724685" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0781724685"><bdi>978-0781724685</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lexicon+of+Psychiatry%2C+Neurology+and+the+Neurosciences&rft.pages=688&rft.pub=Lippincott%2C+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0781724685&rft.aulast=Ayd&rft.aufirst=Frank+J.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dea_QVG2BFy8C%26q%3Dneuroscience%2Bmultidisciplinary%26pg%3DPA688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANiwrowyddoniaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFShulman2013" class="citation book">Shulman, Robert G. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xfSVcBL7CSMC&q=neuroscience+multidisciplinary&pg=PA59">"Neuroscience: A Multidisciplinary, Multilevel Field"</a>. <i>Brain Imaging: What it Can (and Cannot) Tell Us About Consciousness</i>. Oxford University Press. t. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/9780199838721" title="Arbennig:BookSources/9780199838721"><bdi>9780199838721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Neuroscience%3A+A+Multidisciplinary%2C+Multilevel+Field&rft.btitle=Brain+Imaging%3A+What+it+Can+%28and+Cannot%29+Tell+Us+About+Consciousness&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780199838721&rft.aulast=Shulman&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxfSVcBL7CSMC%26q%3Dneuroscience%2Bmultidisciplinary%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANiwrowyddoniaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOgawaOka2013" class="citation book">Ogawa, Hiroto; Oka, Kotaro (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3CK4BAAAQBAJ&q=neuroscience+multidisciplinary&pg=PR5"><i>Methods in Neuroethological Research</i></a>. Springer. t. v. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/9784431543305" title="Arbennig:BookSources/9784431543305"><bdi>9784431543305</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Methods+in+Neuroethological+Research&rft.pages=v&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9784431543305&rft.aulast=Ogawa&rft.aufirst=Hiroto&rft.au=Oka%2C+Kotaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3CK4BAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dneuroscience%2Bmultidisciplinary%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANiwrowyddoniaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Tanner, Kimberly D. (2006-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1618510">"Issues in Neuroscience Education: Making Connections"</a>. <i>CBE: Life Sciences Education</i> <b>5</b> (2): 85. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1187%2Fcbe.06-04-0156">10.1187/cbe.06-04-0156</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1931-7913">1931-7913</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PubMed_Central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubMed Central (dim tudalen ar gael)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618510/?tool=pmcentrez">1618510</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1618510">http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1618510</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKandel2012" class="citation book">Kandel, Eric R. (2012). <i>Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition</i>. McGraw-Hill Education. t. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Arbennig:BookSources/978-0071390118" title="Arbennig:BookSources/978-0071390118"><bdi>978-0071390118</bdi></a>. <q>The last frontier of the biological sciences – their ultimate challenge – is to understand the biological basis of consciousness and the mental processes by which we perceive, act, learn, and remember.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Neural+Science%2C+Fifth+Edition&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0071390118&rft.aulast=Kandel&rft.aufirst=Eric+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fcy.wikipedia.org%3ANiwrowyddoniaeth" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8312344"></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dolenni_allanol">Dolenni allanol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niwrowyddoniaeth&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Golygu'r adran: Dolenni allanol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>golygu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niwrowyddoniaeth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Dolenni allanol"><span>golygu cod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bna.org.uk/">Cymdeithas Niwrowyddoniaeth Prydai - British Neuroscience Association (BNA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fens.org/">Ffederasiwn Cymdeithasau Niwrowyddoniaeth Ewrop</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px; padding-left: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; margin-top: 1em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Science-template.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Science-template.svg/34px-Science-template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Science-template.svg/51px-Science-template.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Science-template.svg/68px-Science-template.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Eginyn" title="Wicipedia:Eginyn">Eginyn</a> erthygl sydd uchod am <b><a href="/wiki/Gwyddoniaeth" title="Gwyddoniaeth">wyddoniaeth</a></b>. Gallwch helpu Wicipedia drwy <a class="external text" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niwrowyddoniaeth&action=edit">ychwanegu ato</a>.</i></div> <div style="clear: both; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px; padding-left: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; margin-top: 1em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Icon_psycho.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Icon_psycho.svg/32px-Icon_psycho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Icon_psycho.svg/48px-Icon_psycho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Icon_psycho.svg/64px-Icon_psycho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Eginyn" title="Wicipedia:Eginyn">Eginyn</a> erthygl sydd uchod am <b><a href="/wiki/Seicoleg" title="Seicoleg">seicoleg</a></b>. Gallwch helpu Wicipedia drwy <a class="external text" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niwrowyddoniaeth&action=edit">ychwanegu ato</a></i>.</div> <div style="clear: both; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 5px; padding-left: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; margin-top: 1em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Delwedd:Medistub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Medistub.svg/34px-Medistub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Medistub.svg/51px-Medistub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Medistub.svg/68px-Medistub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="54" /></a></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Wicipedia:Eginyn" title="Wicipedia:Eginyn">Eginyn</a> erthygl sydd uchod am <b><a href="/wiki/Meddygaeth" title="Meddygaeth">feddygaeth</a></b>. Gallwch helpu Wicipedia drwy <a class="external text" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niwrowyddoniaeth&action=edit">ychwanegu ato</a></i>.</div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Wedi dod o "<a dir="ltr" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niwrowyddoniaeth&oldid=11757501">https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niwrowyddoniaeth&oldid=11757501</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Arbennig:Categories" title="Arbennig:Categories">Categorïau</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Egin_gwyddoniaeth" title="Categori:Egin gwyddoniaeth">Egin gwyddoniaeth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Egin_seicoleg" title="Categori:Egin seicoleg">Egin seicoleg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Egin_meddygaeth" title="Categori:Egin meddygaeth">Egin meddygaeth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Is-feysydd_bioleg" title="Categori:Is-feysydd bioleg">Is-feysydd bioleg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Meysydd_rhyngddisgyblaethol" title="Categori:Meysydd rhyngddisgyblaethol">Meysydd rhyngddisgyblaethol</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Niwrowyddoniaeth" title="Categori:Niwrowyddoniaeth">Niwrowyddoniaeth</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Gategori cudd: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Tudalennau_gyda_meysydd_deublyg_yn_y_Nodion" title="Categori:Tudalennau gyda meysydd deublyg yn y Nodion">Tudalennau gyda meysydd deublyg yn y Nodion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categori:Erthyglau_sy%27n_defnyddio_Nodyn_Gwybodlen_pethau_Wicidata" title="Categori:Erthyglau sy'n defnyddio Nodyn Gwybodlen pethau Wicidata">Erthyglau sy'n defnyddio Nodyn Gwybodlen pethau Wicidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Golygwyd y dudalen hon ddiwethaf ar 11 Ebrill 2023, am 21:23.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Mae'r testun ar gael o dan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; gall telerau ychwanegol fod yn berthnasol. 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