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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Petroleum_refining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petroleum_refining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Petroleum refining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petroleum_refining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemical_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Chemical industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Sea_gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Sea_gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>North Sea gas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Sea_gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Air pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_efficiency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_efficiency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Energy efficiency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_efficiency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pipelines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pipelines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Pipelines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pipelines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corrosion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corrosion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Corrosion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corrosion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solar_panels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solar_panels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Solar panels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solar_panels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation_fires" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation_fires"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Aviation fires</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation_fires-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clean_fuels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clean_fuels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Clean fuels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clean_fuels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Computer science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrogen_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrogen_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Hydrogen economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrogen_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visits"> <div 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id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Energy Research Centre in Sunbury-on-Thames, Surrey</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Sunbury Research Centre</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">BP Sunbury, BP International Ltd, International Centre for Business & Technology, ICBT Sunbury</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunbury,_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_405061.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_405061.jpg/250px-Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_405061.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_405061.jpg/375px-Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_405061.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_405061.jpg/500px-Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_405061.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">April 2007</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Surrey_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunbury Research Centre is located in Surrey"><img alt="Sunbury Research Centre is located in Surrey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Surrey_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Surrey_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Surrey_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Surrey_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Surrey_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Surrey_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1081" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.556%;left:46.316%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sunbury Research Centre"><img alt="Sunbury Research Centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Surrey</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Sunbury Research Station, BP Research Centre, Sunbury Research Laboratories</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Sunbury Business park</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Geochemistry" title="Geochemistry">Energy</a> Research Centre</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chertsey" title="Chertsey">Chertsey</a> Road, <a href="/wiki/Sunbury-on-Thames" title="Sunbury-on-Thames">Sunbury-on-Thames</a>, Surrey (former <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>), TW16 7LN<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sunbury_Research_Centre&params=51.43_N_0.43_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°26′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°26′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.43°N 0.43°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.43; -0.43</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">45 m (148 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current tenants</th><td class="infobox-data">3,500 staff in 55 business teams</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1917</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugurated</th><td class="infobox-data">1917</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Client</th><td class="infobox-data">BP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landlord</th><td class="infobox-data">BP</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">33 acres</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Sunbury Research Centre</b> -- also known as ICBT Sunbury—is a main <a href="/wiki/Research_institute" title="Research institute">research institute</a> of <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a> in north-east <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origination">Origination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It began in 1917 as the Sunbury Research Station. Research began with the employment of two chemists to look into the <a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">viscosity</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">fuel oil</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, and the production of <a href="/wiki/Toluene" title="Toluene">toluene</a>. </p><p>The two first organic chemists were Dr Albert Ernest Dunstan and Dr Ferdinand Bernard Thole, in the basement of a country house called 'Meadhurst', formerly the home of Sir <a href="/wiki/George_William_Kekewich" title="George William Kekewich">George William Kekewich</a>. Both of these chemists had together worked at East Ham Technical College.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albert received a PhD in Viscosity from UCL in October 1910, working under the Irish physicist <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Thomas_Trouton" title="Frederick Thomas Trouton">Frederick Thomas Trouton</a> FRS, and Scottish chemist Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together they had written 'A Text Book of Practical Chemistry for Technical Institutes', published by Methuen in November 1911,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 'The Viscosity of Liquids', published by <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman Green</a> in 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thole was awarded the OBE in the <a href="/wiki/1960_Birthday_Honours" title="1960 Birthday Honours">1960 Birthday Honours</a>. Albert died aged 85 in 1963, having been Chief Chemist of BP for thirty years. His son, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Dunstan" title="Bernard Dunstan">Bernard Dunstan</a>, grew up in the 'Meadhurst' house, and died aged 97 in 2017; Bernard's wife <a href="/wiki/Diana_Armfield" title="Diana Armfield">Diana Armfield</a> is 104.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albert's grandson is David Dunstan, Professor of Physics at <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary University of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1950s, Dr Thole worked for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Power (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Fuel and Power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both left the technical college in September 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_petroleum_refining">Early petroleum refining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early petroleum refining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1920s research took place into <a href="/wiki/Fluid_catalytic_cracking" title="Fluid catalytic cracking">cracking</a>, at the plant at <a href="/wiki/Uphall" title="Uphall">Uphall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Lothian" title="West Lothian">West Lothian</a>). The first new building opened in July 1931. 76 staff were there in 1929, 99 in 1934 and 197 in 1939. </p><p>The first laboratory was demolished in July 1936. The main refinery of the company was at Abadan in Iran. Removing sulphur, from the refining process, was developed from the early 1930s, but this would additionally cause corrosion. Thermal cracking of refinery products would move to <a href="/wiki/Fluid_catalytic_cracking" title="Fluid catalytic cracking">catalytic cracking</a> methods from 1937, after work by <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Houdry" title="Eugene Houdry">Eugene Houdry</a> in the US. </p><p>Leaded petrol was introduced as 'BP Plus' on 15 April 1931, taking the octane number from 66 to 74, becoming 'BP Ethyl' in August 1933. Aviation fuels were difficult to make, as a high octane number was required. By making <a href="/wiki/Isobutylene" title="Isobutylene">di-isobutene</a>, an 88-octane fuel could be made, with production at Abadan from 1937. By adding hydrogen under pressure, with a catalyst, it made the saturated iso-octane (<a href="/wiki/2,2,4-Trimethylpentane" title="2,2,4-Trimethylpentane">2,2,4-Trimethylpentane</a>), made at Abadan from 1938 for high-octane aviation fuel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery_of_the_alkylation_process">Discovery of the alkylation process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Discovery of the alkylation process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1936, at the research centre's annual conference on chemistry, ways to make iso-octane were looked at, with a chemist Dr Thomas Tait accidentally inventing the <a href="/wiki/Alkylation" title="Alkylation">alkylation</a> process, via the addition of sulphuric acid in a <a href="/wiki/Pentane" title="Pentane">pentane</a> solvent, which was much quicker than hydrogenation over a catalyst. </p><p>This process is still an important part of aviation and automobile fuel refining. It was discovered that <a href="/wiki/Isobutane" title="Isobutane">isobutane</a> would react with the <a href="/wiki/Butene" title="Butene">butenes</a> present. It was largely an accidental discovery, but an important one. Sunbury patented the process in January 1938, and had built an experimental production facility by December 1936, being first made at Abadan from January 1939. The process was given the name 'alkylation' in December 1939. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As well as the <a href="/wiki/Abadan_Refinery" title="Abadan Refinery">Abadan Refinery</a>, oil came from the <a href="/wiki/BAZAN_Group" title="BAZAN Group">Haifa oil refinery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>, a British-run territory, which was of great importance until Italy (Sicily) was invaded in July 1943, so allowing more exports from Iran again. There was also the Alwand refinery in Iraq. The <a href="/wiki/Llandarcy_Oil_Refinery" title="Llandarcy Oil Refinery">Llandarcy Oil Refinery</a> was bombed by the Luftwaffe on 10 July and 1 September in 1940, and 18 February 1941. </p><p>By July 1941 oil supplies from Iran were rapidly dwindling, so the BP head office required around 100,000 tonnes of crude oil, to be sourced from within England. Only around 25,000 tonnes was being found each year, from within England. By September 1942, <a href="/wiki/Eakring" title="Eakring">Eakring</a> in Nottinghamshire was producing the 100,000 tons, with a field at <a href="/wiki/Caunton" title="Caunton">Caunton</a> discovered in March 1943, with production from May, and another field at <a href="/wiki/Nocton" title="Nocton">Nocton</a>, in Kesteven, also discovered in 1943, with production from December. Onshore oil in the UK, in 1943, produced 115,000 tons. </p><p>From work at Sunbury, more aviation fuel could be made at Abadan from 1943, with a new patented process. From work by Merrell Fenske of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State University</a>, known for the <a href="/wiki/Fenske_equation" title="Fenske equation">Fenske equation</a>, Sunbury chemists developed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superfractionation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superfractionation (page does not exist)">superfractionation</a>, for aviation fuel manufacture at Abadan, from 1943. Manufacture of 100-octane aviation fuel at Abadan went from around 70,000 tons in 1941 to over a million tons by 1945. </p><p>But it was the <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge_Refinery" title="Baton Rouge Refinery">Baton Rouge Refinery</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a> (Esso), that provided most high-octane aviation fuel (British Air Ministry 100 octane) for the RAF during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a>, from July 1940. The fuel was developed at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_Oil_Development_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard Oil Development Company (page does not exist)">Standard Oil Development Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Linden,_New_Jersey" title="Linden, New Jersey">Linden, New Jersey</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/Esso_Research_Centre" title="Esso Research Centre">Esso Research Centre</a> in England, by chemical engineers Bill Sweeney and Alexander Ogston, who was British. <a href="/wiki/Francis_Rodwell_Banks" title="Francis Rodwell Banks">Rod Banks</a> had made the first calculations of effect of the better fuel in the Merlin engine. The <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Me 109</a> pilots such as <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Galland" title="Adolf Galland">Adolf Galland</a>, who had 87-octane fuel, could not comprehend where such a sudden increase in power of the RAF fighter aircraft came from. 100-octane fuel allowed the <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">Merlin engine</a> to reach maximum horse-power on take-offs and climbs, giving the engine 30% more power, than previously possible. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfire</a> could make the type of tight manoeuvres that would cause the Me 109 airframe to disintegrate, such as when pulling out of dives. </p><p>Staff were around 200 in 1939, but was much reduced until 1944. In 1943 an aero-engine test facility was built, with a <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Hercules" title="Bristol Hercules">Bristol Hercules</a> engine. Until 1943, many head office staff had moved to the Sunbury site. Sunbury also developed the <a href="/wiki/Fog_Investigation_and_Dispersal_Operation" title="Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation">Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation</a> system for RAF airfields. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war">Post-war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the 1950s, BP Research was in a 39-acre site in Sunbury.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sunbury trained Iranian engineers in the early 1950s. The company became BP in 1954, with a new logo in 1958. The BP Corrosion Control System was developed at the site, to limit corrosion by sulphur, by introducing aqueous ammonia into flues, to react with <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_trioxide" title="Sulfur trioxide">sulphur trioxide</a>, to form <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_sulfate" title="Ammonium sulfate">ammonium sulphate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Geophysics" title="Geophysics">Geophysical</a> research had also taken place at <a href="/wiki/Kirklington_Hall_Research_Station" title="Kirklington Hall Research Station">Kirklington Hall Research Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a>, until 1957. The geophysical laboratory opened at the end of 1957, after the relevant staff from Kirklington had moved out in November.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By early 1958, Kirklington Hall had been sold. </p><p>Products that the <a href="/wiki/British_Petroleum_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British Petroleum Company">British Petroleum Company</a> made in the 1950s were BP Motor Spirit and BP <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energol (page does not exist)">Energol</a> (<i>visco-static</i> <a href="/wiki/Motor_oil" title="Motor oil">motor oil</a>), developed at Sunbury, which reduced engine wear by 80%. </p><p>Around 1958, the site was expanded with a new Physics laboratory and five other buildings. A <a href="/wiki/Linear_particle_accelerator" title="Linear particle accelerator">linear electron accelerator</a> was installed. By 1960 the site was 19 acres, with 1300 staff. On Saturday 3 December 1960 there was an explosion in a laboratory, with around fifty firemen attending for more than an hour, with three scientists injured.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first two laboratories, costing £500,000, for the BP Chemicals division opened in September 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Wednesday 22 September 1965 the £500,000 four-storey Dunstan Laboratory was opened by Albert's daughter, Mary Dunstan. The site now had 1700 staff, and research cost £4m per year.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The huge BP Baglan Bay chemical plant opened in October 1963, with feedstock from Llandarcy oil refinery. </p><p>0n Thursday 10 December 1970 three thieves, driving a Rover 3.5 (<a href="/wiki/Rover_P6" title="Rover P6">Rover P6</a>), rammed a car taking the payroll money to the site, smashing the windscreen, and taking £10,000. Thieves were showered in blue dye, on Cadbury Road.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Britain would not produce much oil of its own until the mid-1970s when <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a> arrived at the <a href="/wiki/Forties_Oil_Field" title="Forties Oil Field">Forties Oil Field</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BP_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_16045.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/BP_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_16045.jpg/220px-BP_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_16045.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/BP_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_16045.jpg/330px-BP_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_16045.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/BP_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_16045.jpg/440px-BP_Offices_-_geograph.org.uk_-_16045.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Offices in July 2000</figcaption></figure> <p>Three new buildings were built from 1998 as part of Phase 1. Since 2001, four new buildings were built as part of Phase 2. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Petroleum_refining">Petroleum refining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Petroleum refining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A new catalytic hydrofining process, called ferrofining, for lubricants was developed in 1961, in conjunction with the French division of BP (Société Française des Pétroles) at the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffinerie_de_Dunkerque" class="extiw" title="fr:Raffinerie de Dunkerque">Dunkirk refinery</a> in northern France, with ferrofiner units being installed at the <a href="/wiki/Llandarcy_Oil_Refinery" title="Llandarcy Oil Refinery">Llandarcy Oil Refinery</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kent_Refinery" title="Kent Refinery">Kent Refinery</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Kwinana_Oil_Refinery" title="Kwinana Oil Refinery">Kwinana Oil Refinery</a> in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_industry">Chemical industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chemical industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A process was developed for the new BP Ruhr refinery at <a href="/wiki/Dinslaken" title="Dinslaken">Dinslaken</a> in West Germany, to make high purity paraffins for the chemical industry.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Sea_gas">North Sea gas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: North Sea gas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research into the chemical composition of North Sea gas began in November 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_pollution">Air pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Air pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Air pollution research began from the late 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_efficiency">Energy efficiency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Energy efficiency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More energy efficient oil refineries were developed from the early 1980s, in conjunction with GKN Birwelco, a metal fabrication company of Halesowen.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pipelines">Pipelines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pipelines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With North Sea oil becoming important the centre developed ways to seal cracks in oil pipelines,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ways to extend the life of the BP Forties Oil Field by ten years were evaluated by the head of BP research, Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Cadogan" title="John Cadogan">John Cadogan</a> in 1984, with tests at <a href="/wiki/Bothamsall" title="Bothamsall">Bothamsall</a> in Nottinghamshire.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corrosion">Corrosion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Corrosion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1984 BP Research International looked at reducing corrosion of paint.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solar_panels">Solar panels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Solar panels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solar panels were extensively researched from the 1980s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation_fires">Aviation fires</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Aviation fires"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1991 Panos Papagervos developed methods to quickly extinguish aviation fuel fires.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clean_fuels">Clean fuels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Clean fuels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1990s it opened a £12m clean fuel laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer_science">Computer science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Computer science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New methods in computer science are undertaken in the Information Science department, working with the French computer scientist <a href="/wiki/Jean-Raymond_Abrial" title="Jean-Raymond Abrial">Jean-Raymond Abrial</a> in the 1980s, with the <a href="/wiki/B-Method" title="B-Method">B-Method</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrogen_economy">Hydrogen economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Hydrogen economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the past two decades, <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_technologies" title="Hydrogen technologies">hydrogen technologies</a> have been investigated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_operations">Other operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Air_BP" title="Air BP">Air BP</a>, for aviation fuel, is headquartered on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BP_Filling_Station,_Kempton_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4483059.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/BP_Filling_Station%2C_Kempton_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4483059.jpg/220px-BP_Filling_Station%2C_Kempton_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4483059.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/BP_Filling_Station%2C_Kempton_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4483059.jpg/330px-BP_Filling_Station%2C_Kempton_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4483059.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/BP_Filling_Station%2C_Kempton_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4483059.jpg/440px-BP_Filling_Station%2C_Kempton_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4483059.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Nearby filling station in April 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>It is situated off the <a href="/wiki/A244_road" class="mw-redirect" title="A244 road">A244</a> (via the <a href="/wiki/A308_road" title="A308 road">A308</a>) in the north of <a href="/wiki/Sunbury-on-Thames" title="Sunbury-on-Thames">Sunbury-on-Thames</a>, and Surrey, on the Surrey boundary with London. To the east nearby is Sunbury Common. </p><p>The retail division of BP UK is at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Witan_Gate_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Witan Gate House (page does not exist)">Witan Gate House</a>. BP employs around 15,000 people in the UK. </p><p>It has an <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_oil_recovery" title="Enhanced oil recovery">enhanced oil recovery</a> <a href="/wiki/Laboratory" title="Laboratory">laboratory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visits">Visits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Visits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>in October 1939 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Tedder,_1st_Baron_Tedder" title="Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder">Arthur Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder</a> visited to discuss supplies of 100-octane aviation fuel, being made in Iran</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia" title="List of monarchs of Persia">Shah of Iran</a> from 1941, visited the site on Saturday 24 July 1948, where he opened an engine-testing facility<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>on Tuesday 26 June 1956, the chairman of BP, <a href="/wiki/Basil_Jackson" title="Basil Jackson">Basil Jackson</a>, laid a commemoration to start construction of the Analytical & Physics Laboratory, built by Costain<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>on Friday 6 July 1962 the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Duke of Edinburgh</a> opened the 38,000 sq ft four-storey chemicals laboratory, where he took lunch with the chairman of BP, Sir <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bridgeman" title="Maurice Bridgeman">Maurice Bridgeman</a>, with Sqn Ldr <a href="/wiki/David_Checketts" title="David Checketts">David Checketts</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>in 1985, the Education Secretary Sir <a href="/wiki/Keith_Joseph" title="Keith Joseph">Keith Joseph</a> started the construction of three multi-storey laboratory blocks, to open in 1986, 1987 and 1988</li> <li>in January 2010, a group of MPs visited the site</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alumni">Alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Stanley Birch, joined BP in 1923, studied at Imperial College under Sir <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Field_Thorpe" title="Jocelyn Field Thorpe">Jocelyn Field Thorpe</a>, at Sunbury he developed ways to reduce sulphur content with <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite" title="Sodium hypochlorite">sodium hypochlorite</a> in the 1930s, and methods of making high octane aviation fuel in 1936, and for the Great Western Railway, with the <a href="/wiki/Alkylation_unit" title="Alkylation unit">alkylation unit</a> process, later made at the <a href="/wiki/Abadan_Refinery" title="Abadan Refinery">Abadan Refinery</a> in Iran<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Fawcett_(Chemiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Eric Fawcett (Chemiker)">Eric William Fawcett</a>, one of the inventors of <a href="/wiki/Polythene" class="mw-redirect" title="Polythene">polythene</a> at the ICI <a href="/wiki/Winnington_Laboratory" title="Winnington Laboratory">Winnington Laboratory</a>, worked on development of aviation fuel in 1941</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Henry_Desty" title="Denis Henry Desty">Denis Henry Desty</a> FRS, <sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Evelyn Beale, physicist, later helped to develop radar in Suffolk in 1939<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Robert Chalmers Pitkethly, chemist</li> <li>Alan Grint, received the <a href="/wiki/Beilby_Medal_and_Prize" title="Beilby Medal and Prize">Beilby Medal and Prize</a> in 1984, from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Prof <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_John_Packer" title="Kenneth John Packer">Kenneth John Packer</a> FRS<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ward_(businessman)" title="Richard Ward (businessman)">Richard Ward (businessman)</a>, 1988-91</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/David_Klenerman" title="David Klenerman">David Klenerman</a> FRS, known for new methods of DNA sequencing, part of the Laser Spectroscopy Group at Sunbury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Bretherick" title="Leslie Bretherick">Leslie Bretherick</a>, chemist</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Birks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Birks (page does not exist)">Jack Birks</a> CBE, engineer, of significance to oil discoveries in the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> (1957-59)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Brian Gilvary, chairman of Ineos Energy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biostratigraphy" title="Biostratigraphy">biostratigraphers</a> John Athersuch and Robert Wynn Jones</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chief_geologists">Chief geologists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Chief geologists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Martin_Lees" title="George Martin Lees">George Martin Lees</a> FRS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Leslie_Falcon" title="Norman Leslie Falcon">Norman Leslie Falcon</a> FRS</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunbury,_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406374.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406374.jpg/220px-Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406374.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406374.jpg/330px-Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406374.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406374.jpg/440px-Sunbury%2C_BP_Sunbury_Business_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_406374.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Another building in April 2007</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castrol_Technology_Centre" title="Castrol Technology Centre">Castrol Technology Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_fields_operated_by_BP" title="Oil fields operated by BP">Oil fields operated by BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mather_(businessman)" title="Peter Mather (businessman)">Peter Mather (businessman)</a>, Head of BP UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)">National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Geological_Survey" title="British Geological Survey">British Geological Survey</a> in Nottinghamshire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Institute_of_Petroleum" title="French Institute of Petroleum">French Institute of Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Council_Engineering_Research_Station" title="Gas Council Engineering Research Station">Gas Council Engineering Research Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Tyneside" title="North Tyneside">North Tyneside</a> (it closed in 1995)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/00699446">Companies House</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Essex Times</i> Saturday 11 June 1910, page 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nottingham Guardian</i> Friday 21 October 1910, page 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bookseller</i> Friday 10 November 1911, page 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ve8m2spt">Wellcome Collection</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bookseller</i> Friday 20 March 1914, page 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/141721b0"><i>Nature</i> April 1938</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qmul.ac.uk/spcs/staff/academics/profiles/ddunstan.html">David Dunstan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1952-10-20/debates/a86bc484-9d94-492b-b0d6-eb8d3516ff2a/Beaches(OilPollution)">Ferdinand Thole</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>West Ham and South Essex Mail</i> Friday 21 September 1917, page 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yl2uvI_5Dt0C&pg=PA27">New Scientist November 1957</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Tuesday October 2 1956</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Newark Advertiser</i> Wednesday 20 November 1957, page 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The People</i> Sunday 4 December 1960, page 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Daily Express</i> Monday 5 December 1960, page 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Monday September 18 1961, page 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Middlesex Chronicle</i> Friday 1 October 1965, page 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Daily Mirror</i> Friday 11 December 1970, page 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lincolnshire Echo</i> Thursday 10 December 1970, page 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Wednesday July 28 1965, page 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Saturday December 9 1961, page 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Saturday August 4 1962, page 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Thursday November 4 1965, page 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Tuesday April 7 1970, page 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unitbirwelco.com">Birwelco</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Tuesday February 19 1980, page 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Tuesday August 18 1981, page 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Wednesday April 18 1984, page 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Thursday May 3 1984, page 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Thursday May 16 1991, page 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/1993-01-27/debates/61665045-730e-4ace-b750-0778f51a0006/RoadTransportPollutionOfCityCentres">House of Lords January 1993</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/01150609">Air BP</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/bp-magazine/bp-magazine-2014-issue-2.pdf">BP Magazine 2014 Issue 2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Monday July 26 1948, page 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Wednesday June 27 1956, page 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Thursday August 21 1958, page 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Friday July 6 1962, page 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Saturday July 7 1962, page 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> obituary Monday April 4 1960, page 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> obituary Monday August 3 1964, page 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> obituary Wednesday January 26 1972, page 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Friday June 1 1984, page 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> Friday March 15 1991, page 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Times</i> obituary Tuesday July 17 2001, page 21</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><i>The History of the British Petroleum Company</i>, October 1982, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521246474" title="Special:BookSources/0521246474">0521246474</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunbury_Research_Centre&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bp.com/en_gb/united-kingdom/where-we-operate/sunbury.html">ICBT Sunbury</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottbrownrigg.com/projects/bp-sunbury-on-thames">New building</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BP" title="Template:BP"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BP" title="Template talk:BP"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BP" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BP"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BP" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_BP" title="Air BP">Air BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP_Canada" title="BP Canada">BP Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightsource_BP" title="Lightsource BP">Lightsource BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP_Prudhoe_Bay_Royalty_Trust" title="BP Prudhoe Bay Royalty Trust">Prudhoe Bay Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft <span style="font-size:85%;">(19.75%)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP_Shipping" title="BP Shipping">BP Shipping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_AG" title="Aral AG">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP_Pulse" title="BP Pulse">BP Pulse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castrol" title="Castrol">Castrol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castrol_India" title="Castrol India">Castrol India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jio-bp" title="Jio-bp">Jio-bp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TravelCenters_of_America" title="TravelCenters of America">TravelCenters of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampm" title="Ampm">Ampm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoco" title="Amoco">Amoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCO" title="ARCO">ARCO</a> (Northern CA, OR, and WA locations)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorntons_LLC" title="Thorntons LLC">Thorntons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=To_Go_(convenience_store)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="To Go (convenience store) (page does not exist)">To Go</a> (BP and Amoco only)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantis_PQ" title="Atlantis PQ">Atlantis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castrol_Technology_Centre" title="Castrol Technology Centre">Castrol Technology Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsbury_Oil_Terminal" title="Kingsbury Oil Terminal">Kingsbury</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iolair" title="Iolair">Iolair</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mad_Dog_Oil_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad Dog Oil Field">Mad Dog</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northstar_Island" title="Northstar Island">Northstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_fields_operated_by_BP" title="Oil fields operated by BP">Oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangachal_Terminal" title="Sangachal Terminal">Sangachal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Quest_(drilling_rig)" title="Sea Quest (drilling rig)">Sea Quest</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullom_Voe_Terminal" title="Sullom Voe Terminal">Sullom Voe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sunbury</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Horse_PDQ" title="Thunder Horse PDQ">Thunder Horse</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sponsorships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team" title="Ford World Rally Team">BP Ford World Rally Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP_National_Championships" title="BP National Championships">BP National Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_World_Book_Prize" title="Natural World Book Prize">BP Natural World Book Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP_Pedestrian_Bridge" title="BP Pedestrian Bridge">BP Pedestrian Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP_Portrait_Award" title="BP Portrait Award">BP Portrait Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTN_8" title="MTN 8">BP Top 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acropolis_Rally" title="Acropolis Rally">BP Ultimate Acropolis Rally</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Orville_Anderson" title="Robert Orville Anderson">Robert Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Baca" title="Sylvia Baca">Sylvia Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Browne,_Baron_Browne_of_Madingley" title="John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley">John Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dudley" title="Bob Dudley">Robert Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fraser,_1st_Baron_Strathalmond" title="William Fraser, 1st Baron Strathalmond">William Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Knox_D%27Arcy" title="William Knox D'Arcy">William D'Arcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hayward" title="Tony Hayward">Tony Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Horton_(businessman)" title="Robert Horton (businessman)">Robert Horton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Strank" title="Angela Strank">Angela Strank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Suttles" title="Doug Suttles">Doug Suttles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl-Henric_Svanberg" title="Carl-Henric Svanberg">Carl-Henric Svanberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadan_Crisis" title="Abadan Crisis">Abadan crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_ARCO_explosion" title="1990 ARCO explosion">ARCO explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_explosion" title="Deepwater Horizon explosion"><i>Deepwater Horizon</i> explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill" title="Deepwater Horizon oil spill"><i>Deepwater Horizon</i> oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Invasion of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">Iranian coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay_oil_spill" title="Prudhoe Bay oil spill">Prudhoe Bay oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_City_refinery_explosion" title="Texas City refinery explosion">Texas City refinery explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrey_Canyon_oil_spill" title="Torrey Canyon oil spill"><i>Torrey Canyon</i> oil spill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alyeska_Pipeline_Service_Company" title="Alyeska Pipeline Service Company">Alyeska Pipeline Service Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoco" title="Amoco">Amoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Oilfields" title="Anglo-Egyptian Oilfields">Anglo-Egyptian Oilfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Persian_Oil_Company" title="Anglo-Persian Oil Company">Anglo-Persian Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral_AG" title="Aral AG">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCO" title="ARCO">Atlantic Richfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP_Biofuels_Highlands" title="BP Biofuels Highlands">BP Biofuels Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP_Solar" title="BP Solar">BP Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britoil" title="Britoil">Britoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmah_Oil" title="Burmah Oil">Burmah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Oil_Refineries" title="Commonwealth Oil Refineries">Commonwealth Oil Refineries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon" title="Deepwater Horizon">Deepwater Horizon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FPSO_Noble_Seillean" title="FPSO Noble Seillean">FPSO <i>Noble Seillean</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Petroleum_Company" title="Iraq Petroleum Company">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Refinery" title="Kent Refinery">Kent Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios_House" title="Helios House">Helios House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandarcy_Oil_Refinery" title="Llandarcy Oil Refinery">Llandarcy Oil Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Benzole" title="National Benzole">National Benzole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Planet" title="Pure Planet">Pure Planet</a> (24%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell-Mex_%26_BP" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell-Mex & BP">Shell-Mex & BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil_of_Ohio" title="Standard Oil of Ohio">Sohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System" title="Trans-Alaska Pipeline System">Trans-Alaska Pipeline System</a> (49%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iranian_Oil_Co._case" title="Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case">Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BP_America_Production_Co._v._Burton" title="BP America Production Co. v. Burton">BP America Production Co. v. Burton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP_Structure" title="BP Structure">BP Structure</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burmah_Oil_Co_Ltd_v_Lord_Advocate" title="Burmah Oil Co Ltd v Lord Advocate">Burmah Oil Co Ltd v Lord Advocate</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%27Arcy_Concession" title="D'Arcy Concession">D'Arcy Concession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_Offshore_Helicopters_Flight_85N" title="Bond Offshore Helicopters Flight 85N">North Sea crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal_(fuel)" title="Opal (fuel)">Opal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:BP" title="Category:BP">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BP" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:BP">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Energy in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Energy in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Energy in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy in the United Kingdom">Energy in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Energy companies of the United Kingdom">Companies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Coal companies of the United Kingdom">Coal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anglo_American_plc" title="Anglo American plc">Anglo American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BHP" title="BHP">BHP</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Natural_Resources_Corporation" title="Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation">ENRC</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GCM_Resources" title="GCM Resources">GCM Resources</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glencore" title="Glencore">Glencore</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_(corporation)" title="Rio Tinto (corporation)">Rio Tinto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Coal" title="UK Coal">UK Coal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_and_gas_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Oil and gas companies of the United Kingdom">Oil and <br />gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Integrated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Exploration<br />and production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Afren" title="Afren">Afren</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHP" title="BHP">BHP</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_Energy" title="Capricorn Energy">Capricorn Energy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrica" title="Centrica">Centrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Petroleum" title="Dana Petroleum">Dana Petroleum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desire_Petroleum" title="Desire Petroleum">Desire Petroleum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Energy" title="Emerald Energy">Emerald Energy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EnQuest" title="EnQuest">EnQuest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essar_Energy" title="Essar Energy">Essar Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_Energy" title="Harbour Energy">Harbour Energy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hardy_Oil_and_Gas" title="Hardy Oil and Gas">Hardy Oil and Gas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/JKX_Oil_%26_Gas" title="JKX Oil & Gas">JKX Oil & Gas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melrose_Resources" title="Melrose Resources">Melrose Resources</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ophir_Energy" title="Ophir Energy">Ophir Energy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perenco" title="Perenco">Perenco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pharos_Energy" title="Pharos Energy">Pharos Energy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Regal_Petroleum" title="Regal Petroleum">Regal Petroleum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rockhopper_Exploration" title="Rockhopper Exploration">Rockhopper Exploration</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Energy" title="Star Energy">Star Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullow_Oil" title="Tullow Oil">Tullow Oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Supply</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenergy" title="Greenergy">Greenergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murco_Petroleum" title="Murco Petroleum">Murco Petroleum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot_Group" title="Abbot Group">Abbot Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amec_Foster_Wheeler" title="Amec Foster Wheeler">Amec Foster Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expro" title="Expro">Expro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_plc" title="Hunting plc">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_Group" title="John Wood Group">John Wood Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrofac" title="Petrofac">Petrofac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qserv" title="Qserv">Qserv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weir_Group" title="Weir Group">Weir Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WesternGeco" title="WesternGeco">WesternGeco</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Electric_power_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Electric power companies of the United Kingdom">Utilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Integrated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrica" title="Centrica">Centrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.ON_UK" title="E.ON UK">E.ON UK</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDF_Energy" title="EDF Energy">EDF Energy</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Npower_(United_Kingdom)" title="Npower (United Kingdom)">Npower</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScottishPower" title="ScottishPower">ScottishPower</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSE_plc" title="SSE plc">SSE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Generation<br />and supply</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Generation" title="Generation">Generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drax_Group" title="Drax Group">Drax Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engie_Energy_International" title="Engie Energy International">Engie Energy International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Nuclear_Power" title="Horizon Nuclear Power">Horizon Nuclear Power</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renantis" title="Renantis">Renantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattenfall_UK" title="Vattenfall UK">Vattenfall UK</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Resources" title="Vedanta Resources">Vedanta Resources</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_supply" title="Energy supply">Supply</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/100Green" title="100Green">100Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Energy" title="Bristol Energy">Bristol Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-op_Energy" title="Co-op Energy">Co-op Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecotricity" title="Ecotricity">Ecotricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESB_Group" title="ESB Group">ESB Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firmus_Energy" title="Firmus Energy">Firmus Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Energy" title="Good Energy">Good Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_Energy" title="Octopus Energy">Octopus Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Energy" title="Opus Energy">Opus Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outfox_the_Market" title="Outfox the Market">Outfox the Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OVO_Energy" title="OVO Energy">OVO Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Natural_Gas" title="Phoenix Natural Gas">Phoenix Natural Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_Energy" title="Shell Energy">Shell Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies_Gas_%26_Power" title="TotalEnergies Gas & Power">TotalEnergies Gas & Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilita_Energy" title="Utilita Energy">Utilita Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_Warehouse" title="Utility Warehouse">Utility Warehouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_distribution" title="Electric power distribution">Distribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Distribution_network_operator" title="Distribution network operator">Electricity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_North_West" title="Electricity North West">Electricity North West</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Powergrid" title="Northern Powergrid">Northern Powergrid</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScottishPower#Energy_Networks" title="ScottishPower">SP Energy Networks</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSE_plc#Operations" title="SSE plc">SSE Power Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Power_Networks" title="UK Power Networks">UK Power Networks</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Power_Distribution" title="Western Power Distribution">Western Power Distribution</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Gas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadent_Gas" title="Cadent Gas">Cadent Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firmus_Energy" title="Firmus Energy">Firmus Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Gas_Networks" title="Northern Gas Networks">Northern Gas Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Natural_Gas" title="Phoenix Natural Gas">Phoenix Natural Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGN_(company)" title="SGN (company)">SGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_%26_West_Utilities" title="Wales & West Utilities">Wales & West Utilities</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">Transmission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/National_Grid_(Great_Britain)" title="National Grid (Great Britain)">Electricity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Grid_plc" title="National Grid plc">National Grid</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSE_plc#Operations" title="SSE plc">Scottish Hydro Electric Transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScottishPower#Energy_Networks" title="ScottishPower">SP Energy Networks</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/National_Transmission_System" title="National Transmission System">Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Grid_plc" title="National Grid plc">National Grid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggreko" title="Aggreko">Aggreko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APX_Group" title="APX Group">APX Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquamarine_Power" title="Aquamarine Power">Aquamarine Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EnServe" title="EnServe">EnServe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-Gen_Power" title="Hi-Gen Power">Hi-Gen Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Group" title="Mark Group">Mark Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Downs_Deep_Geothermal_Power" title="United Downs Deep Geothermal Power">United Downs Deep Geothermal Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavegen" title="Wavegen">Wavegen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>Companies with headquarters and/or registered office in the UK but no applicable energy operations within the country shown in <i>italics</i> <sup>1</sup>Ultimate parent company is not UK-based <sup>2</sup>Integrated in the United States, no generation or supply activities in the UK</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Energy_sources" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Energy sources</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">Coal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Authority" title="Coal Authority">Coal Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal-fired_power_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Coal-fired power stations in the United Kingdom">Coal-fired power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_mines_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Coal mines in the United Kingdom">Coal mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_mining_regions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Coal mining regions in the United Kingdom">Coal mining regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_UK_Coal_Producers" title="Confederation of UK Coal Producers">Confederation of UK Coal Producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United Kingdom">Greenhouse gas emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom#History" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%931985_United_Kingdom_miners%27_strike" title="1984–1985 United Kingdom miners' strike">miners' strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coal_Board" title="National Coal Board">National Coal Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-pit_coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Open-pit coal mining in the United Kingdom">Open-pit coal mining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in the United Kingdom">Electricity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Electricity_Producers" title="Association of Electricity Producers">Association of Electricity Producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BritNed" title="BritNed">BritNed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Interconnector" title="East–West Interconnector">East–West Interconnector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_7" title="Economy 7">Economy 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_10" title="Economy 10">Economy 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_billing_in_the_UK" title="Electricity billing in the UK">Electricity billing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_switching_services_in_the_UK" title="Energy switching services in the UK">Energy switching services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_electricity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Green electricity in the United Kingdom">Green electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_Trade_Master_Agreement" title="Grid Trade Master Agreement">Grid Trade Master Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gridlink_Interconnector" title="Gridlink Interconnector">Gridlink Interconnector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HVDC_Cross-Channel" title="HVDC Cross-Channel">HVDC Cross-Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_to_England_Interconnector" title="Isle of Man to England Interconnector">Isle of Man to England Interconnector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyle_Interconnector" title="Moyle Interconnector">Moyle Interconnector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Grid_(Great_Britain)" title="National Grid (Great Britain)">National Grid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_the_National_Grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Control of the National Grid">Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Grid_Reserve_Service" title="National Grid Reserve Service">Reserve Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Electricity_Trading_Arrangements" title="New Electricity Trading Arrangements">New Electricity Trading Arrangements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Link" title="North Sea Link">North Sea Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Power_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Power stations in the United Kingdom">Power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_UK_electricity_supply_industry" title="Timeline of the UK electricity supply industry">Timeline of the electricity supply industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nuclear power in the United Kingdom">Nuclear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Gas-cooled_Reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor">Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-British_Nuclear_Forum" title="Franco-British Nuclear Forum">Franco-British Nuclear Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnox" title="Magnox">Magnox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Laboratory" title="National Nuclear Laboratory">National Nuclear Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Decommissioning_Authority" title="Nuclear Decommissioning Authority">Nuclear Decommissioning Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Liabilities_Fund" title="Nuclear Liabilities Fund">Nuclear Liabilities Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_power_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Nuclear power stations in the United Kingdom">Nuclear power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Nuclear_Regulation" title="Office for Nuclear Regulation">Office for Nuclear Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellafield" title="Sellafield">Sellafield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Atomic_Energy_Authority" title="United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority">United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Oil and gas industry in the United Kingdom">Oil and gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBL_Pipeline" title="BBL Pipeline">BBL Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dash_for_Gas" title="Dash for Gas">Dash for Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forties_pipeline_system" title="Forties pipeline system">Forties pipeline system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fuel protests in the United Kingdom">Fuel protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_infrastructure_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Natural gas infrastructure in the United Kingdom">Gas infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United Kingdom">Greenhouse gas emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon_Oil_Duty" title="Hydrocarbon Oil Duty">Hydrocarbon Oil Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Transmission_System" title="National Transmission System">National Transmission System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_fields_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Natural gas fields in the United Kingdom">Natural gas fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas-fired_power_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Natural gas-fired power stations in the United Kingdom">Natural gas-fired power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Transition_Authority" title="North Sea Transition Authority">North Sea Transition Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_Energies_UK" title="Offshore Energies UK">Offshore Energies UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Oil fields of the United Kingdom">Oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil-fired_power_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Oil-fired power stations in the United Kingdom">Oil-fired power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Petroleum_infrastructure_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Petroleum infrastructure in the United Kingdom">Oil infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_refineries_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Oil refineries in the United Kingdom">Oil refineries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_Revenue_Tax" title="Petroleum Revenue Tax">Petroleum Revenue Tax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">Renewables</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Biofuel_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Biofuel in the United Kingdom">Biofuels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biofuel_power_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Biofuel power stations in the United Kingdom">Biofuel power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NNFCC" title="NNFCC">NNFCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_Fuels_Agency" title="Renewable Fuels Agency">Renewable Fuels Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_Transport_Fuel_Obligation" title="Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation">Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geothermal power in the United Kingdom">Geothermal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geothermal_power_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Geothermal power stations in the United Kingdom">Geothermal power stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Hydroelectricity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom">Hydroelectricity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hydroelectric_power_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Hydroelectric power stations in the United Kingdom">Hydroelectric power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersey_Barrage" title="Mersey Barrage">Mersey Barrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severn_Barrage" title="Severn Barrage">Severn Barrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wave_farms_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Wave farms in the United Kingdom">Wave farms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Solar power in the United Kingdom">Solar power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">Wind power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Offshore wind power in the United Kingdom">Offshore wind power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_offshore_wind_farms_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of offshore wind farms in the United Kingdom">List of offshore wind farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_onshore_wind_farms_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of onshore wind farms in the United Kingdom">List of onshore wind farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Seas_Energy_Cooperation" title="North Seas Energy Cooperation">North Seas Energy Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Scotland" title="Wind power in Scotland">Wind power in Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Government_and_regulation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government and regulation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_Trust" title="Carbon Trust">Carbon Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenex" title="Cenex">Cenex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_Committee" title="Climate Change Committee">Climate Change Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Energy_Security_and_Net_Zero" title="Department for Energy Security and Net Zero">Department for Energy Security and Net Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Saving_Trust" title="Energy Saving Trust">Energy Saving Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_Agency" title="Environment Agency">Environment Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Gas_and_Electricity_Markets" title="Office of Gas and Electricity Markets">Office of Gas and Electricity Markets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy policy of the United Kingdom">Legislation and<br />initiatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_Emission_Reduction_Target" title="Carbon Emission Reduction Target">Carbon Emission Reduction Target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_Act_2008" title="Climate Change Act 2008">Climate Change Act 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_Agreement_(UK)" title="Climate Change Agreement (UK)">Climate Change Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_and_Sustainable_Energy_Act_2006" title="Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006">Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_Levy" title="Climate Change Levy">Climate Change Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRC_Energy_Efficiency_Scheme" title="CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme">CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decarbonisation_measures_in_proposed_UK_electricity_market_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Decarbonisation measures in proposed UK electricity market reform">Decarbonisation measures in proposed UK electricity market reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_Energy_Certificate" title="Display Energy Certificate">Display Energy Certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Act_2013" title="Energy Act 2013">Energy Act 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_performance_certificate" title="Energy performance certificate">Energy performance certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Fuel_Levy" title="Fossil Fuel Levy">Fossil Fuel Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Carbon_Building_Programme" title="Low Carbon Building Programme">Low Carbon Building Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Fossil_Fuel_Obligation" title="Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation">Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_Act_2008" title="Planning Act 2008">Planning Act 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_Heat_Incentive" title="Renewable Heat Incentive">Renewable Heat Incentive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewables_Obligation_(United_Kingdom)" title="Renewables Obligation (United Kingdom)">Renewables Obligation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Climate_Change_Programme" title="United Kingdom Climate Change Programme">United Kingdom Climate Change Programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-governmental_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-governmental organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Charities and<br />pressure groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashden_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashden Award">Ashden Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioregional" title="Bioregional">Bioregional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_against_Climate_Change" title="Campaign against Climate Change">Campaign against Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Alternative_Technology" title="Centre for Alternative Technology">Centre for Alternative Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Energy_Action" title="National Energy Action">National Energy Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Climate_Chaos" title="Stop Climate Chaos">Stop Climate Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndall_Centre" title="Tyndall Centre">Tyndall Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Industry bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Decentralised_Energy" title="Association for Decentralised Energy">Association for Decentralised Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Institute" title="Energy Institute">Energy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Networks_Association_(United_Kingdom)" title="Energy Networks Association (United Kingdom)">Energy Networks Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Retail_Association" title="Energy Retail Association">Energy Retail Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Power_Forum" title="Green Power Forum">Green Power Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RenewableUK" title="RenewableUK">RenewableUK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilities_Intermediaries_Association" title="Utilities Intermediaries Association">Utilities Intermediaries Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Renewable_Energy_Systems_Technology" title="Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology">Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Technologies_Institute" title="Energy Technologies Institute">Energy Technologies Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Met_Office_Hadley_Centre" title="Met Office Hadley Centre">Met Office Hadley Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narec" title="Narec">Narec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Depletion_Analysis_Centre" title="Oil Depletion Analysis Centre">Oil Depletion Analysis Centre</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sunbury Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Energy_Research_Centre" title="UK Energy Research Centre">UK Energy Research Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Energy_conservation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Energy_conservation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy conservation in the United Kingdom">Energy conservation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Conservation_of_Energy" title="Association for the Conservation of Energy">Association for the Conservation of Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Energy_Efficiency_Federation" title="British Energy Efficiency Federation">British Energy Efficiency Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_the_Door_campaign" title="Close the Door campaign">Close the Door campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_for_Sustainable_Homes" title="Code for Sustainable Homes">Code for Sustainable Homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Glazing_%26_Conservatory_Ombudsman_Scheme" title="Double Glazing & Conservatory Ombudsman Scheme">Double Glazing & Conservatory Ombudsman Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EcoHomes" title="EcoHomes">EcoHomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_efficiency_in_British_housing" title="Energy efficiency in British housing">Energy efficiency in British housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Saving_Trust" title="Energy Saving Trust">Energy Saving Trust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Saving_Trust_Recommended" title="Energy Saving Trust Recommended">Energy Saving Trust Recommended</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United Kingdom">Greenhouse gas emissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_loss_due_to_linear_thermal_bridging" title="Heat loss due to linear thermal bridging">HTB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Home_Energy_Rating" title="National Home Energy Rating">National Home Energy Rating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Energy in the United Kingdom"><b>Category</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chemical_engineering_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chemical_eng" title="Template:Chemical eng"><abbr title="View this 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PlatformHolly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/PlatformHolly.jpg/170px-PlatformHolly.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/PlatformHolly.jpg/255px-PlatformHolly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/PlatformHolly.jpg/340px-PlatformHolly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unit_operation" title="Unit operation">Unit operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_process" title="Unit process">Unit processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineer" title="Chemical engineer">Chemical engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_process" title="Chemical process">Chemical process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unit_operation" title="Unit operation">Unit operations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_transfer" title="Momentum transfer">Momentum transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">Heat transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_transfer" title="Mass transfer">Mass transfer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unit_process" title="Unit process">Unit process</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction_engineering" title="Chemical reaction engineering">Chemical reaction 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