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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Супикал – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Супикал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supikl%C9%99r" title="Supiklər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Supiklər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Сугпіят – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сугпіят" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugpiaq" title="Sugpiaq – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sugpiaq" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alutiiq" title="Alutiiq – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alutiiq" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alutiiq" title="Alutiiq – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alutiiq" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_alutiiq" title="Pobo alutiiq – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo alutiiq" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugpiaq" title="Sugpiaq – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sugpiaq" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ალუტიკები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალუტიკები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Алютиквлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Алютиквлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Супик – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Супик" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="アルティーク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルティーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alutiiqs" title="Alutiiqs – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alutiiqs" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Алутиик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алутиик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Алутити – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алутити" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supikler" title="Supikler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Supikler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D1%96%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Алутіік – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алутіік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2745405#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b></p><div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 21:35, 1 November 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:JJMC89_bot_III" class="mw-userlink" title="User:JJMC89 bot III" data-mw-revid="1254824662"><bdi>JJMC89 bot III</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:JJMC89_bot_III" class="mw-redirect mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:JJMC89 bot III">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/JJMC89_bot_III" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/JJMC89 bot III">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(Moving <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Yupik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Yupik (page does not exist)">Category:Yupik</a> to <a href="/wiki/Category:Yupik_peoples" title="Category:Yupik peoples">Category:Yupik peoples</a> per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Speedy" title="Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy">Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy</a>)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&diff=prev&oldid=1254824662" title="Alutiiq">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&direction=prev&oldid=1254824662" title="Alutiiq">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Alaska Native ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For the language, see <a href="/wiki/Alutiiq_language" title="Alutiiq language">Alutiiq language</a>.</span> <span>Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Aleut_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut people">Aleut people</a>.</span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Alutiiq<br /><i>Sugpiat</i> (pl)<br /><i>Sugpiaq</i> (sg) <i>Sugpiak</i> (dual)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AlutiiqDancer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AlutiiqDancer.jpg/220px-AlutiiqDancer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AlutiiqDancer.jpg/330px-AlutiiqDancer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AlutiiqDancer.jpg/440px-AlutiiqDancer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1497" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A Sugpiaq dancer</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">4,000-12,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">United States (<a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">>4,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Alutiiq_language" title="Alutiiq language">Sugcestun</a>, English</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">Orthodox Church in America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">traditional religion</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_Alaskan_Yup%27ik_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Alaskan Yup'ik people">Yup'ik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleut_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut people">Aleut</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salmon_drying._Aleut_village,_Old_Harbor,_Alaska,_1889_-_NARA_-_513089_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Salmon_drying._Aleut_village%2C_Old_Harbor%2C_Alaska%2C_1889_-_NARA_-_513089_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Salmon_drying._Aleut_village%2C_Old_Harbor%2C_Alaska%2C_1889_-_NARA_-_513089_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Salmon_drying._Aleut_village%2C_Old_Harbor%2C_Alaska%2C_1889_-_NARA_-_513089_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Salmon_drying._Aleut_village%2C_Old_Harbor%2C_Alaska%2C_1889_-_NARA_-_513089_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Salmon_drying._Aleut_village%2C_Old_Harbor%2C_Alaska%2C_1889_-_NARA_-_513089_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Salmon_drying._Aleut_village%2C_Old_Harbor%2C_Alaska%2C_1889_-_NARA_-_513089_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2911" data-file-height="2344" /></a><figcaption>Salmon drying. Alutiiq village, <a href="/wiki/Old_Harbor,_Alaska" title="Old Harbor, Alaska">Old Harbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island" title="Kodiak Island">Kodiak Island</a>. Photographed by N. B. Miller, 1889</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Alutiiq people</b> (pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ə-<span style="font-size:90%">LOO</span>-tik</i></a> in English; from <a href="/wiki/Promyshlenniki" title="Promyshlenniki">Promyshlenniki</a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> Алеутъ, "<a href="/wiki/Aleut_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut people">Aleut</a>";<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plural often "Alutiit"), also called by their ancestral name <b><span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Sugpiaq</i></span></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SUUG</span>-byahk</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SUUG</span>-pee-<span style="font-size:90%">AK</span></i></a>; plural often "Sugpiat"), as well as <b>Pacific Eskimo</b> or <b>Pacific Yupik</b>, are one of eight groups of <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Natives</a> that inhabit the southern-central coast of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their traditional homelands date back to over 7,500 years ago, and include areas such as <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_Sound" title="Prince William Sound">Prince William Sound</a> and outer <a href="/wiki/Kenai_Peninsula" title="Kenai Peninsula">Kenai Peninsula</a> (<span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems"><a href="/wiki/Chugach" title="Chugach">Chugach</a> Sugpiaq</i></span>), the <a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Archipelago" title="Kodiak Archipelago">Kodiak Archipelago</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula" title="Alaska Peninsula">Alaska Peninsula</a> (<span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Koniag Alutiiq</i></span>). In the early 1800s there were more than 60 Alutiiq villages in the Kodiak archipelago, with an estimated population of 13,000 people. Today more than 4,000 Alutiiq people live in Alaska.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At present, the most commonly used title is <span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Alutiiq</i></span> (singular), <span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Alutiik</i></span> (dual), <span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Alutiit</i></span> (plural). These terms derive from the names (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Алеутъ</span></span>, <span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn">Aleut</i></span>) that <a href="/wiki/Promyshlenniki" title="Promyshlenniki">Russian fur traders and settlers</a> gave to the native people in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-refRichmond2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refRichmond2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian occupation began in 1784, following their <a href="/wiki/Awa%27uq_Massacre" title="Awa'uq Massacre">massacre</a> of hundreds of Sugpiat at Refuge Rock (<span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Awa'uq</i></span>) just off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Sitkalidak_Island" title="Sitkalidak Island">Sitkalidak Island</a> near the present-day village of <a href="/wiki/Old_Harbor,_Alaska" title="Old Harbor, Alaska">Old Harbor</a> (<span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Nuniaq</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given the violence underlying the colonial period, and confusion because the Sugpiaq term for Aleut is <span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Alutiiq</i></span>, some Alaska Natives from the region have advocated use of the terms that the people themselves use to describe their people and language: <span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Sugpiaq</i></span> (singular), <span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Sugpiak</i></span> (dual), <span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Sugpiat</i></span> (plural) — to identify the people (meaning "the real people"), and <span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Sugstun, Sugcestun, Sugt'stun</i></span>, or <span title="Alutiiq-language text"><i lang="ems">Sugtestun</i></span> to refer to the language. All three names (Alutiiq, Aleut, and Sugpiaq) are used now, according to personal preference.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, many other <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonyms</a> were used to refer to this people.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fishing_and_Subsistence">Fishing and Subsistence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fishing and Subsistence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The people traditionally lived a coastal lifestyle, subsisting primarily on ocean resources that were supplemented with rich land resources, such as berries and land mammals. The exact methods of subsistence would change throughout the seasons. Ugnerkaq, or <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">spring</a>, was often regarded as the most difficult season to survive in due to the winter's limiting of resources. During this time, the Alutiiq people would turn to the shore, collecting <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a>, hunting <a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">octopuses</a>, and pick greens during low tide. As the season furthered, fish and sea mammals would gradually move closer to shore to feed. Alutiiq people would then hook <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">halibut</a>, collect <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring eggs</a>, and hunt for seals. As Kiak, or <a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">summer</a>, approached, activity increased out on the open ocean. Fishing for halibut and cod would continue to remain prevalent, along with the hunting and harvest at <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lion</a> haulouts, and bird rookeries even common feeding grounds for <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whales</a>. Trees and shrubs such as <a href="/wiki/Cedar_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedar tree">Cedar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betula_kenaica" title="Betula kenaica">Kenai birch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picea_sitchensis" title="Picea sitchensis">Sitka spruce</a>, and other were harvested for their medical and nutritional value.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this time trade would emerge with the natives of mainland Alaska for materials such as antler, <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a>, caribou pelts, and glassy stone, not available on Kodiak. During Uksuaq, or <a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">fall</a>, much of the work that was in done was in preparation for winter. They pick <a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">berries</a> sweetened by the first frosts; harvest large quantities of <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a> spawning in local streams; hunt fat <a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bears</a> headed for hibernation, and shoot <a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">ducks</a> migrating south for the winter. Much of there harvest would be preserve for winter. This was done a variety of ways from drying, smoking, storing in oil, or freezing foods. During the harsh storms of Uksuq, or <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a>, most of the season would be spent insides, with occasional breaks in the storms allowing for the trapping of <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">fox</a> and ermine, hunting ducks, or fishing through lake or river ice. While inside, celebrations and festivals would be held in honor of the harvest, and ancestors<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before contact with Russian fur traders, they lived in semi-subterranean homes called <i>ciqlluaq.</i> Today, in the 21st century, the Alutiiq live in coastal fishing communities in more modern housing. They work in all aspects of the modern economy, while also maintaining the cultural value of subsistence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_Arts">Cultural Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cultural Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional Alutiiq art are sources of pride for many as they typically highlight the importance of ancestors, the endurance and preservation of tradition, and the beauty of the natural world that sustain Alutiiq life.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Physical medians of expression include <i>pinguat</i>–beads (made from shell, bone, ivory, amber, coal, shale, slate and fish vertebrae),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> woodcarvings in relation to Alutiiq religion,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> skin sown articles of clothing for celebratory and traditional use,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and grass weaving of both artistic expression and functional application.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During festivals, story telling, singing and dancing were all important means of passing down history through generations as Alutiiq lacked a formal system of writing.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010 the high school in <a href="/wiki/Kodiak,_Alaska" title="Kodiak, Alaska">Kodiak</a> responded to requests from Alutiiq students and agreed to teach the <a href="/wiki/Alutiiq_language" title="Alutiiq language">Alutiiq language</a>. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskimo–Aleut languages">Eskimo–Aleut languages</a>, belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Yupik_languages" title="Yupik languages">Yup'ik branch</a> of these languages.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kodiak dialect of the language was being spoken by only about 50 persons, all of them elderly, and the dialect was in danger of being lost entirely.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Eli_Amason" title="Alvin Eli Amason">Alvin Eli Amason</a>, painter and sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Infante_Lyons" title="Linda Infante Lyons">Linda Infante Lyons</a>, painter and muralist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Aleut" title="Peter the Aleut">Cungagnaq</a>, also known as Peter the Aleut, an Eastern Orthodox saint, reportedly from Kodiak Island.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Leman" title="Loren Leman">Loren Leman</a>, Lieutenant-governor of Alaska, 2002-2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sven_Haakanson" title="Sven Haakanson">Sven Haakanson</a>, executive director of the <a href="/wiki/Alutiiq_Museum" title="Alutiiq Museum">Alutiiq Museum</a>, and winner of a 2007 <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellowship">MacArthur Fellowship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jerry Laktonen,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/alutiiq-people/art/artist-gallery/jerry-laktonen/">[1]</a> artist/artisan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chugach" title="Chugach">Chugach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awa%27uq_Massacre" title="Awa'uq Massacre">Awa'uq Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alutiiq_Museum" title="Alutiiq Museum">Alutiiq Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/the-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people">Alutiiq Museum Website</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genealogytrails.com/alaska/indians.html">"Report on Population and Resources of Alaska at the Eleventh Census: 1890"</a>. <i>United States Census Office - Alaska - 1893</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Office+-+Alaska+-+1893&rft.atitle=Report+on+Population+and+Resources+of+Alaska+at+the+Eleventh+Census%3A+1890&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenealogytrails.com%2Falaska%2Findians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span> (= "The Kaniagmiut, to whom the Russians applied the name of Aleut")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5151500.pdf">"East Prince William Sound Landscape Assessment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cordova Ranger District, Chugach National Forest</i>. September 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cordova+Ranger+District%2C+Chugach+National+Forest&rft.atitle=East+Prince+William+Sound+Landscape+Assessment&rft.date=2008-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.usda.gov%2FInternet%2FFSE_DOCUMENTS%2Fstelprdb5151500.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span> (= "The term <i>Alutiiq</i> is the Sugtestun pronunciation of the Russian-introduced name Aleut and is commonly used as a self-designation by the people of the Chugach region"; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Алутиик</span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150106172748/http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/anlmap/">"Mapping Alaska's Native languages"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/anlmap/">the original</a> on 2015-01-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mapping+Alaska%27s+Native+languages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uaf.edu%2Fanlc%2Fresources%2Fanlmap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span> (= Names derived from a combination of Russian and Native words include: Alutiiq, from the Russian word Aleut (a term something like English "Eskimo" but referring to the people of the Aleutian Islands, the Alaska Peninsula, and the Kodiak archipelago); plus the Russian plural suffix -y; plus the Native singular suffix -q)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/the-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people">"Alutiiq / Sugpiaq People"</a>. <i>alutiiqmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alutiiqmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Alutiiq+%2F+Sugpiaq+People&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Flearn%2Fthe-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/files/Ed%20Handouts/1%20Alutiiq%20Nation.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Alutiiq / Suqpiaq Nation"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Alutiiq Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alutiiq+Museum&rft.atitle=%22Alutiiq+%2F+Suqpiaq+Nation%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Ffiles%2FEd%2520Handouts%2F1%2520Alutiiq%2520Nation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-refRichmond2011-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-refRichmond2011_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichmond2011" class="citation web cs1">Richmond, Laurie Shannon (February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124022658/http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/104546/1/Richmond_umn_0130E_11789.pdf">"Regulating a Mystery: Science, colonialism, and the politics of knowing in the Pacific halibut commons"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Conservancy</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/104546/1/Richmond_umn_0130E_11789.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-01-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conservancy&rft.atitle=Regulating+a+Mystery%3A+Science%2C+colonialism%2C+and+the+politics+of+knowing+in+the+Pacific+halibut+commons&rft.date=2011-02&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=Laurie+Shannon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconservancy.umn.edu%2Fbitstream%2F104546%2F1%2FRichmond_umn_0130E_11789.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullar2010" class="citation web cs1">Pullar, Gordon L. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030756/http://www.uqat.ca/isc-cei-2010/publications/Pullar_CEI-ISC-2010.pdf">"Assimilation and Identity among the Kodiak Island Sugpiat"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uqat.ca/isc-cei-2010/publications/Pullar_CEI-ISC-2010.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assimilation+and+Identity+among+the+Kodiak+Island+Sugpiat&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Pullar&rft.aufirst=Gordon+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uqat.ca%2Fisc-cei-2010%2Fpublications%2FPullar_CEI-ISC-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnh.si.edu/lookingbothways/data/pages/people.html">"Looking Both Ways"</a>. <i>Museum of Natural History, <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Museum+of+Natural+History%2C+Smithsonian+Institution&rft.atitle=Looking+Both+Ways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnh.si.edu%2Flookingbothways%2Fdata%2Fpages%2Fpeople.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeHass2012" class="citation journal cs1">DeHass, Medeia Csoba (January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518204321/http://aa.uwpress.org/content/49/1/3.abstract">"What is in a Name?: The Predicament of Ethnonyms in the Sugpiaq-Alutiiq Region of Alaska"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Anthropology" title="Arctic Anthropology">Arctic Anthropology</a></i>. <b>49</b>: 3–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Farc.2012.0010">10.1353/arc.2012.0010</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154511087">154511087</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aa.uwpress.org/content/49/1/3.abstract">the original</a> on 2020-05-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arctic+Anthropology&rft.atitle=What+is+in+a+Name%3F%3A+The+Predicament+of+Ethnonyms+in+the+Sugpiaq-Alutiiq+Region+of+Alaska&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=3-17&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Farc.2012.0010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154511087%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=DeHass&rft.aufirst=Medeia+Csoba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faa.uwpress.org%2Fcontent%2F49%2F1%2F3.abstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span> (= "Aleut," "Alutiiq," "Sugpiaq," "Russian," "Pacific Eskimo," "Unegkuhmiut," and "Chugach Eskimo" are all different names that have been used to identify the group of Native people living on the Lower Kenai Peninsula of Alaska.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/plant-gallery">"Plant Gallery"</a>. <i>alutiiqmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alutiiqmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Plant+Gallery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Flearn%2Fplant-gallery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/the-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people/subsistence">"Subsistence"</a>. <i>alutiiqmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alutiiqmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Subsistence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Flearn%2Fthe-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people%2Fsubsistence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/the-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people/cultural-arts">"Cultural Arts"</a>. <i>alutiiqmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alutiiqmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Cultural+Arts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Flearn%2Fthe-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people%2Fcultural-arts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/the-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people/cultural-arts/beading">"Beading"</a>. <i>alutiiqmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alutiiqmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Beading&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Flearn%2Fthe-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people%2Fcultural-arts%2Fbeading&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/the-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people/cultural-arts/carving">"Carving"</a>. <i>alutiiqmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alutiiqmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Carving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Flearn%2Fthe-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people%2Fcultural-arts%2Fcarving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/the-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people/cultural-arts/skin-sewing">"Skin Sewing"</a>. <i>alutiiqmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alutiiqmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Skin+Sewing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Flearn%2Fthe-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people%2Fcultural-arts%2Fskin-sewing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/the-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people/cultural-arts/weaving">"Weaving"</a>. <i>alutiiqmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alutiiqmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Weaving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Flearn%2Fthe-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people%2Fcultural-arts%2Fweaving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/the-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people/cultural-arts/story-telling">"Storytelling"</a>. <i>alutiiqmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alutiiqmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Storytelling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Flearn%2Fthe-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people%2Fcultural-arts%2Fstory-telling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/the-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people/cultural-arts/singing">"Singing"</a>. <i>alutiiqmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alutiiqmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Singing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Flearn%2Fthe-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people%2Fcultural-arts%2Fsinging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alutiiqmuseum.org/learn/the-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people/cultural-arts/dancing">"Dancing"</a>. <i>alutiiqmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alutiiqmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Dancing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falutiiqmuseum.org%2Flearn%2Fthe-alutiiq-sugpiaq-people%2Fcultural-arts%2Fdancing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrauss1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Krauss" title="Michael E. Krauss">Krauss, Michael</a> (1990). "Alaska Native Languages in Russian America". In Smith, Barbara S.; Barnett, Redmond J. (eds.). <i>Russian America: The Forgotten Frontier</i>. Tacoma, WA: Washington State Historical Society. pp. 205–213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alaska+Native+Languages+in+Russian+America&rft.btitle=Russian+America%3A+The+Forgotten+Frontier&rft.place=Tacoma%2C+WA&rft.pages=205-213&rft.pub=Washington+State+Historical+Society&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Krauss&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505194739/http://media.aprn.org/2010/ann-20101217-08.mp3">"Kodiak High School Adding Alutiiq Language Class"</a>. <i>Jacob Resneck <a href="/wiki/KMXT_(FM)" title="KMXT (FM)">KMXT</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alaska_Public_Radio_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Public Radio Network">Alaska Public Radio Network</a></i>. December 17, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.aprn.org/2010/ann-20101217-08.mp3">the original</a> on May 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jacob+Resneck+KMXT%2FAlaska+Public+Radio+Network&rft.atitle=Kodiak+High+School+Adding+Alutiiq+Language+Class&rft.date=2010-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.aprn.org%2F2010%2Fann-20101217-08.mp3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315021550/http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2913825/apps/nl/content2.asp?content_id=%7B9A190067-C1D8-4FE5-9E1A-495831D10AF6%7D&notoc=1">"2007 Fellows Individual Pages - MacArthur Foundation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macfound.org/site/c.lkLXJ8MQKrH/b.2913825/apps/nl/content2.asp?content_id=%7B9A190067-C1D8-4FE5-9E1A-495831D10AF6%7D&notoc=1">the original</a> on 2012-03-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007+Fellows+Individual+Pages+-+MacArthur+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macfound.org%2Fsite%2Fc.lkLXJ8MQKrH%2Fb.2913825%2Fapps%2Fnl%2Fcontent2.asp%3Fcontent_id%3D%257B9A190067-C1D8-4FE5-9E1A-495831D10AF6%257D%26notoc%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li>Braund, Stephen R. & Associates. <i>Effects of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on Alutiiq Culture and People</i>. Anchorage, Alaska: Stephen R. Braund & Associates, 1993.</li> <li>Crowell, Aron, Amy F. Steffian, and Gordon L. Pullar. <i>Looking Both Ways; Heritage and Identity of the Alutiiq People</i>. Fairbanks, Alaska: University of Alaska Press, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-889963-30-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-889963-30-5">1-889963-30-5</a></li> <li>Harvey, Lola. <i>Derevnia's Daughters, Saga of an Alaskan Village</i>. A story about the Old Village of Afognak up to and including the strongest earthquake ever recorded on the North American continent and the resulting tsunami of March 27, 1964. 1991 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89745-135-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89745-135-X">0-89745-135-X</a></li> <li>Lee, Molly. 2006. ""If It's Not a Tlingit Basket, Then What Is It?": Toward the Definition of an Alutiiq Twined Spruce Root Basket Type", <i>Arctic Anthropology</i>. 43, no. 2: 164.</li> <li>Luehrmann, Sonja. <i>Alutiiq Villages Under Russian and U.S. Rule</i>. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60223-010-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60223-010-1">978-1-60223-010-1</a></li> <li>Mishler, Craig. 1997. "Aurcaq: Interruption, Distraction, and Reversal in an Alutiiq Men's Dart Game", <i>The Journal of American Folklore</i>. (Vol. 110, no. 436): 189–202.</li> <li>Mishler, Craig. 2003. <i>Black Ducks and Salmon Bellies: An Ethnography of Old Harbor and Ouzinkie, Alaska</i>. Donning Company Publishers. Distributed by the Alutiiq Museum & Archaeological Repository, Kodiak, Alaska.</li> <li>Mishler, Craig, and Rachel Mason. 1996. "Alutiiq Vikings: Kinship and Fishing in Old Harbor, Alaska", <i>Human Organization : Journal of the Society for Applied Anthropology</i> (Vol. 55, no. 3): 263–269.</li> <li>Mulcahy, Joanne B. <i>Birth & Rebirth on an Alaskan Island; The Life of an Alutiiq Healer</i>. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8203-2253-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8203-2253-9">0-8203-2253-9</a></li> <li>Partnow, Patricia H. <i>Making History Alutiiq/Sugpiaq Life on the Alaska Peninsula</i>. Fairbanks, Alaska: University of Alaska Press, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-889963-38-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-889963-38-0">1-889963-38-0</a></li> <li>Simeonoff, Helen J., and <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Pinart" title="Alphonse Pinart">A. L. Pinart</a>. <i>Origins of the Sun and Moon Alutiiq Legend from Kodiak Island, Alaska, Collected by <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Louis_Pinart" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonse Louis Pinart">Alphonse Louis Pinart</a>, March 20, 1872</i>. Anchorage, Alaska (3212 West 30th Ave., Anchorage 99517-1660): H.J. Simeonoff, 1996.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Afognak" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113111647/https://www.afognak.com/media/Afognak%20Alutiiq%20History%20Benefits%2007-22-08_letter.pdf">"The Afognak Alutiiq People: Our History and Culture"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Afognak Native Corporation. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afognak.com/media/Afognak%20Alutiiq%20History%20Benefits%2007-22-08_letter.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Afognak+Alutiiq+People%3A+Our+History+and+Culture&rft.pub=Afognak+Native+Corporation&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afognak.com%2Fmedia%2FAfognak%2520Alutiiq%2520History%2520Benefits%252007-22-08_letter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Afognak_timeline" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afognak.org/heritage/history/history-intro.php?src=timeline">"Afognak Village Timeline"</a>. Afognak Native Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afognak+Village+Timeline&rft.pub=Afognak+Native+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afognak.org%2Fheritage%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-intro.php%3Fsrc%3Dtimeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="EPWSLA" class="citation web cs1">East Prince William Sound Landscape Assessment. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5151500.pdf">"East Prince William Sound Landscape Assessment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=East+Prince+William+Sound+Landscape+Assessment&rft.au=East+Prince+William+Sound+Landscape+Assessment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.usda.gov%2FInternet%2FFSE_DOCUMENTS%2Fstelprdb5151500.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Fitzhugh" class="citation book cs1">Fitzhugh, Ben (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KPGLVwJ9QbEC&q=%22sitkalidak%22+%22alutiiq%22&pg=PA59"><i>The Evolution of Complex Hunter-Gatherers: archaeological evidence from the North Pacific</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kluwer_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluwer Academic">Kluwer Academic</a>/Plenum Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780306477539" title="Special:BookSources/9780306477539"><bdi>9780306477539</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Complex+Hunter-Gatherers%3A+archaeological+evidence+from+the+North+Pacific&rft.pub=Kluwer+Academic%2FPlenum+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780306477539&rft.aulast=Fitzhugh&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKPGLVwJ9QbEC%26q%3D%2522sitkalidak%2522%2B%2522alutiiq%2522%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Genealogytraits" class="citation web cs1">United States Census Office (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genealogytrails.com/alaska/indians.html">"Report on Population and Resources of Alaska at the Eleventh Census: 1890"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+Population+and+Resources+of+Alaska+at+the+Eleventh+Census%3A+1890&rft.date=1893&rft.au=United+States+Census+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenealogytrails.com%2Falaska%2Findians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Haakanson" class="citation book cs1">Haakanson, Sven (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dGsMlWLc0bEC&q=%22Awa%27uq+massacre%22&pg=PA119"><i>Written Voices Become History</i></a>. Left Coast press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598744972" title="Special:BookSources/9781598744972"><bdi>9781598744972</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Written+Voices+Become+History&rft.pub=Left+Coast+press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781598744972&rft.aulast=Haakanson&rft.aufirst=Sven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdGsMlWLc0bEC%26q%3D%2522Awa%2527uq%2Bmassacre%2522%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Holton" class="citation web cs1">Holton, Gary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150106172748/http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/anlmap/">"Mapping Alaska's Native languages"</a>. Alaska Native Language Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/anlmap/">the original</a> on 2015-01-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-15</span></span>. <q>Names derived from a combination of Russian and Native words include: Alutiiq, from the Russian word Aleut; plus the Russian plural suffix -y; plus the Native singular suffix -q</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mapping+Alaska%27s+Native+languages&rft.pub=Alaska+Native+Language+Center&rft.aulast=Holton&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uaf.edu%2Fanlc%2Fresources%2Fanlmap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Miller" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Gwenn A. (2010). <i>Kodiak Kreol: Communities of Empire in Early Russian America</i>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4642-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4642-9"><bdi>978-0-8014-4642-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kodiak+Kreol%3A+Communities+of+Empire+in+Early+Russian+America&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-4642-9&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Gwenn+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MNH" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnh.si.edu/lookingbothways/data/pages/people.html">"About the Alutiiq People"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Alutiiq+People&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnh.si.edu%2Flookingbothways%2Fdata%2Fpages%2Fpeople.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Resnick" class="citation web cs1">Jacob Resnick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505194739/http://media.aprn.org/2010/ann-20101217-08.mp3">"Kodiak High School Adding Alutiiq Language Class"</a>. Alaska Public Radio Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.aprn.org/2010/ann-20101217-08.mp3">the original</a> on 2021-05-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kodiak+High+School+Adding+Alutiiq+Language+Class&rft.pub=Alaska+Public+Radio+Network&rft.au=Jacob+Resnick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.aprn.org%2F2010%2Fann-20101217-08.mp3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Richmond" class="citation book cs1">Richmond, Laurie Shannon (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124022658/http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/104546/1/Richmond_umn_0130E_11789.pdf"><i>Regulating a Mystery: Science, colonialism, and the politics of knowing in the Pacific halibut commons</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/104546/1/Richmond_umn_0130E_11789.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-01-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regulating+a+Mystery%3A+Science%2C+colonialism%2C+and+the+politics+of+knowing+in+the+Pacific+halibut+commons&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=Laurie+Shannon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconservancy.umn.edu%2Fbitstream%2F104546%2F1%2FRichmond_umn_0130E_11789.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlutiiq" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alutiiq&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/">Alaska Native Language Center: Alaska Native Languages Map</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asna.ca/alaska">Alaskan Orthodox Christian texts (Alutiiq)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508014050/http://www.asna.ca/alaska">Archived</a> 2015-05-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alutiiqmuseum.org">Alutiiq Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_peoples_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Native American peoples in the United States">List of Native American peoples in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yupik" title="Template:Yupik"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yupik" title="Template talk:Yupik"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yupik" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yupik"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yupik_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yupik_peoples" title="Yupik peoples">Yupik peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yupik_languages" title="Yupik languages">Yupik languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inuit_conf_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Inuit_conf_map.png/150px-Inuit_conf_map.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Inuit_conf_map.png/225px-Inuit_conf_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Inuit_conf_map.png/300px-Inuit_conf_map.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">Homelands by state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alutiiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik" title="Yup'ik">Yup'ik</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Chukotka Autonomous Okrug">Chukotka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Yupik" title="Siberian Yupik">Yupighyt</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaplino_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaplino people (page does not exist)">Chaplino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naukan_people" title="Naukan people">Naukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirenik_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirenik people">Serinik</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation">Organisation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_Circumpolar_Council" title="Inuit Circumpolar Council">Global</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">Notable individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yupik_people" title="Category:Yupik people">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yupik_people" title="Category:Yupik people">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Siberia#Russian_exploration_and_settlement" title="History of Siberia">European</a><br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_Siberia#Russian_exploration_and_settlement" title="History of Siberia">settlement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia" title="Russian conquest of Siberia">Siberia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #FFDD99"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Yupik_peoples" title="Category:Yupik peoples">Category</a></b></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indigenous_peoples_of_Alaska_(Tribal_entities)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_peoples_of_Alaska" title="Template:Indigenous peoples of Alaska"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_peoples_of_Alaska" title="Template talk:Indigenous peoples of Alaska"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_peoples_of_Alaska" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous peoples of Alaska"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indigenous_peoples_of_Alaska_(Tribal_entities)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Indigenous peoples of Alaska</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Tribal entities</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Athabaskans" title="Alaskan Athabaskans">Athabaskans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahtna" title="Ahtna">Ahtna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deg_Hit%CA%BCan" class="mw-redirect" title="Deg Hitʼan">Deg Hitʼan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dena%CA%BCina" title="Denaʼina">Denaʼina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwich%CA%BCin" title="Gwichʼin">Gwichʼin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4n" title="Hän">Hän</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holikachuk" title="Holikachuk">Holikachuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyukon" title="Koyukon">Koyukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanana_Athabaskans" title="Tanana Athabaskans">Tanana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Kuskokwim_people" title="Upper Kuskokwim people">Upper Kuskokwim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eskimo" title="Eskimo">Eskimo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiat" title="Iñupiat">Iñupiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yupik_peoples" title="Yupik peoples">Yupik</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alutiiq–Sugpiaq</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Chugach" title="Chugach">Chugach</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yup%CA%BCik" class="mw-redirect" title="Yupʼik">Central Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Yupik" title="Siberian Yupik">Siberian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Aleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyak_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyak people">Eyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_people" title="Haida people">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlingit" title="Tlingit">Tlingit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian" title="Tsimshian">Tsimshian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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