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Sakya Chokden - Wikipedia

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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Serdok Penchen Sakya Chokden</b> (gser mdog pan chen shakya mchog ldan, 1428–1507) (also transliterated as <i>Shakya Chogden</i>) was one of the most important religious thinkers of the <a href="/wiki/Sakya_(Tibetan_Buddhist_school)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)">Sakya</a> school of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>. He was a student of Rongtön Shecha Kunrig (1367-1449), Dönyö Pelwa, Künga Zangpo and many other Tibetan scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-Komarovski_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Komarovski-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He also received empowerments and studied under several Kagyu lineages. Sakya Chokden's seat was the Thubten Serdogchen monastery in south Shigatse. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakya_Chokden&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sakya Chokden broke from Sakya orthodoxy and wrote a highly critical commentary to <a href="/wiki/Sakya_Pandita" title="Sakya Pandita">Sakya Pandita</a>'s "A thorough differentiation of the three vows" posing over 100 questions to Sakya scholars on this text. This event caused some controversy and Chokden answered his own questions in his subsequent "Golden lancet". Sakya Chokden's <i>Definite ascertainment of the middle way</i> criticized <a href="/wiki/Tsongkhapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsongkhapa">Tsongkhapa</a>'s Madhyamaka views as being too logo-centric and still caught up in conceptualization about the ultimate reality which is beyond language.<sup id="cite_ref-Leaman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leaman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his later years, Sakya Chokden moved away from a strictly <a href="/wiki/Prasangika" class="mw-redirect" title="Prasangika">Prasangika</a> Madhyamika view (as held by <a href="/wiki/Chandrakirti" title="Chandrakirti">Chandrakirti</a>) and adopted a kind of <a href="/wiki/Shentong" class="mw-redirect" title="Shentong">Shentong</a> (emptiness of other) view influenced by the works of <a href="/wiki/Asanga" title="Asanga">Asanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasubandhu" title="Vasubandhu">Vasubandhu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maitreya-n%C4%81tha" title="Maitreya-nātha">Maitreya-nātha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Leaman_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leaman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>His later work attempted to reconcile the philosophies of <a href="/wiki/Yogacara" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogacara">Yogacara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a> as valid and complementary perspectives on Ultimate Truth. Chokden saw the Yogacara "Alikakaravada" view as also being a form of Madhyamaka because it holds that mental objects are ultimately unreal or false (<i>alika</i>) and worked to prove its compatibility with the Madhyamaka Nihsvabhavavada view (emptiness of inherent existence).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Madhyamaka is seen by Chokden as removing the fault of taking the unreal as being real, and Yogacara removes the fault of the denial of Reality.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Likewise, the <a href="/wiki/Shentong" class="mw-redirect" title="Shentong">Shentong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rangtong" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangtong">Rangtong</a> views are seen as complementary by Sakya Chokden; Rangtong negation is effective in cutting through all clinging to wrong views and conceptual rectification while Shentong is more amenable for describing and enhancing meditative experience and realization.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Therefore, for Sakya Chokden, the same realization of ultimate reality can be accessed and described in two different but compatible ways. Sakya Chokden held that this view was more in concordance with <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> teachings and Tantras.<sup id="cite_ref-Leaman_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leaman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perhaps his most controversial view was that Ultimate reality or Primordial Mind is an impermanent phenomenon and that this is supported by Yogacara, Sutra and Tantra.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since his views conflicted with those of <a href="/wiki/Sakya_Pandita" title="Sakya Pandita">Sakya Pandita</a>, they were not well received by the Sakya school. In the 17th century, followers of the politically dominant <a href="/wiki/Gelug" title="Gelug">Gelug</a> school proscribed his writings and shut down the printery where his works were kept.<sup id="cite_ref-Komarovski_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Komarovski-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakya_Chokden&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Good Questions about the ‘Thorough Differentiation of the Three Types of Vows.’</li> <li>Golden Lancet: Resolved Abundant Discourse on the ‘Thorough Differentiation of the Three Types of Vows’ Treatise.</li> <li>Garlands of Waves of Assertions</li> <li>Great Path Compressing the Two Chariot Ways into One: Explanation of [Maitreya's] ‘Ornament of Clear Realizations’ Together with [Haribhadra's] ‘Clear Meaning’ Commentary.</li> <li>Ocean of Scriptural Statements and Reasoning</li> <li>Definite ascertainment of the middle way</li> <li>Profound Thunder amidst the Clouds of the Ocean of Definitive Meaning: Differentiation of the Two Systems of the Great Madhyamaka Deriving from the Two Great Chariot Ways</li> <li>Rain of Ambrosia: Extensive [Auto-]Commentary on the ‘Profound Thunder amidst the Clouds of the Ocean of Definitive Meaning.’</li> <li>Great Path of Ambrosia of Emptiness: Explanation of Profound Pacification Free from Proliferations</li> <li>Guiding Instructions on the Madhyamaka View</li> <li>Abbreviated Meaning of the ‘[Hevajra in] Two Chapters’</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakya_Chokden&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorampa" title="Gorampa">Gorampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakya_Pandita" title="Sakya Pandita">Sakya Pandita</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakya_Chokden&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Komarovski-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Komarovski_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Komarovski_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Komarosvski, Yaroslav. <i>Visions of Unity: The Golden Pandita Shakya Chokden's New Interpretation of Yogacara and Madhyamaka</i>, SUNY 2011, page 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leaman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leaman_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leaman_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leaman_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leaman, Oliver [ed.]; Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy; Sakya Chokden</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komarosvski, Yaroslav. <i>Visions of Unity: The Golden Pandita Shakya Chokden's New Interpretation of Yogacara and Madhyamaka</i>, SUNY 2011, page 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hookham, SK. The Buddha Within: Tathagatagarbha Doctrine According to the Shentong Interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga, SUNY pres, p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brunnholzl, Karl; Luminous Heart: The Third Karmapa on Consciousness, Wisdom, and Buddha Nature, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Komarosvski, Yaroslav. <i>Visions of Unity: The Golden Pandita Shakya Chokden's New Interpretation of Yogacara and Madhyamaka</i>, SUNY 2011, page 14.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakya_Chokden&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Komarovski, Yaroslav. <i>Radiant Emptiness</i>, Oxford University Press 2020</li> <li>Komarovski, Yaroslav. <i>Echoes of empty luminosity: Reevaluation and unique interpretation of Yogacara and Nihsvabhavavada Madhyamaka by the fifteenth century Tibetan thinker Sakya mchog ldan</i>, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia (2007).</li> <li>Komarovski, Yaroslav. <i>Visions of Unity: The Golden Pandita Shakya Chokden's New Interpretation of Yogacara and Madhyamaka</i>, SUNY 2011</li> <li>Shakya Chokden, <i>Three Texts on Madhyamaka</i>, trans. Komarovski Yaroslav, Dharamsala: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 2002</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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title="Bodongpa">Bodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelug" title="Gelug">Gelug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadam_(Tibetan_Buddhism)" title="Kadam (Tibetan Buddhism)">Kadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonang" title="Jonang">Jonang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagyu" title="Kagyu">Kagyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingma" title="Nyingma">Nyingma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rim%C3%A9_movement" title="Rimé movement">Rimé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakya_(Tibetan_Buddhist_school)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)">Sakya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practice systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%B6d" title="Chöd">Chöd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzogchen" title="Dzogchen">Dzogchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalachakra" title="Kalachakra">Kālacakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamdre" title="Lamdre">Lamdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamrim" title="Lamrim">Lamrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra" title="Mahamudra">Mahamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism#Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deity_yoga" title="Deity yoga">Deity yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Esoteric transmission">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_yoga" title="Guru yoga">Guru yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala#Vajrayana" title="Mandala">Mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra#Indo-Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Mantra">Mantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra#Buddhism" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phowa" title="Phowa">Phowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B6ndro" title="Ngöndro">Preparatory practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Roots" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Roots">Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81#Buddhism" title="Sādhanā">Sadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Yogas_of_Naropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Yogas of Naropa">Six Dharmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_tantric_practice" title="Tibetan tantric practice">Tibetan tantric practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_merit" title="Transfer of merit">Transfer of merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukdam" title="Tukdam">Tukdam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutional roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenpo" title="Khenpo">Khenpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngakpa" title="Ngakpa">Ngakpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigdzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigdzin">Rigdzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpoche" title="Rinpoche">Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert%C3%B6n" title="Tertön">Tertön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">Tulku</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_tulku" title="Western tulku">Western tulku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajracharya" title="Vajracharya">Vajracharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyadhara_(Buddhism)" title="Vidyadhara (Buddhism)">Vidyadhara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nyingma</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshe_Tsogyal" title="Yeshe Tsogyal">Yeshe Tsogyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longchenpa" title="Longchenpa">Longchenpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Lingpa" title="Jigme Lingpa">Jigme Lingpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrul_Rinpoche" title="Patrul Rinpoche">Patrul Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudjom_Lingpa" title="Dudjom Lingpa">Dudjom Lingpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamg%C3%B6n_Ju_Mipham_Gyatso" title="Jamgön Ju Mipham Gyatso">Mipham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigdral_Yeshe_Dorje_(2nd_Dudjom_Rinpoche)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigdral Yeshe Dorje (2nd Dudjom Rinpoche)">Dudjom Rinpoche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sakya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%B6n_K%C3%B6nchok_Gyalpo" title="Khön Könchok Gyalpo">Khön Könchok Gyalpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakya_Trizin" title="Sakya Trizin">Sakya Trizin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakya_Pandita" title="Sakya Pandita">Sakya Pandita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drog%C3%B6n_Ch%C3%B6gyal_Phagpa" title="Drogön Chögyal Phagpa">Drogön Chögyal Phagpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kagyu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milarepa" title="Milarepa">Milarepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmapa" title="Karmapa">Karmapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thang_Tong_Gyalpo" title="Thang Tong Gyalpo">Thang Tong Gyalpo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gelug</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Je_Tsongkhapa" title="Je Tsongkhapa">Je Tsongkhapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trisong_Detsen" title="Trisong Detsen">Trisong Detsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akong_Rinpoche" title="Akong Rinpoche">Akong Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anagarika_Govinda" title="Anagarika Govinda">Anagarika Govinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Arjia_Rinpoche" title="8th Arjia Rinpoche">Arija Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati%C5%9Ba" title="Atiśa">Atiśa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagdud_Tulku_Rinpoche" title="Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche">Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatral_Sangye_Dorje" title="Chatral Sangye Dorje">Chatral Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetsang_Rinpoche" class="mw-redirect" title="Chetsang Rinpoche">Chetsang Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%B6gyam_Trungpa" title="Chögyam Trungpa">Chögyam Trungpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%B6kyi_Nyima_Rinpoche" title="Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche">Chökyi Nyima Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampa_Sangye" title="Dampa Sangye">Dampa Sangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhung_Rinpoche" title="Dezhung Rinpoche">Dezhung Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilgo_Khyentse" title="Dilgo Khyentse">Dilgo Khyentse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolpopa_Sherab_Gyaltsen" title="Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen">Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drukpa_Kunley" title="Drukpa Kunley">Drukpa Kunley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzigar_Kongtrul_Rinpoche" title="Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche">Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzogchen_Ponlop_Rinpoche" title="Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche">Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzongsar_Jamyang_Khyentse_Rinpoche" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche">Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzongsar_Khyentse_Ch%C3%B6kyi_Lodr%C3%B6" title="Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö">Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gampopa" title="Gampopa">Gampopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganden_Tripa" title="Ganden Tripa">Ganden Tripa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorampa" title="Gorampa">Gorampa Sonam Sengye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalwang_Drukpa" title="Gyalwang Drukpa">Gyalwang Drukpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamgon_Kongtrul" title="Jamgon Kongtrul">Jamgon Kongtrul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamyang_Khyentse_Wangpo" title="Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo">Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalu_Rinpoche" title="Kalu Rinpoche">Kalu Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_Thinley_Rinpoche" title="Karma Thinley Rinpoche">Karma Thinley Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamtrul_Rinpoche" title="Khamtrul Rinpoche">Khamtrul Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandro_Rinpoche" title="Khandro Rinpoche">Khandro Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khenpo_Tsultrim_Gyamtso_Rinpoche" title="Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche">Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lama_Jampa_Thaye" title="Lama Jampa Thaye">Lama Jampa Thaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ling_Rinpoche" title="Ling Rinpoche">Ling Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marpa_Lotsawa" title="Marpa Lotsawa">Marpa Lotsawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miky%C3%B6_Dorje,_8th_Karmapa_Lama" title="Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama">Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namkhai_Norbu" title="Namkhai Norbu">Namkhai Norbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyoshul_Khenpo_Rinpoche" title="Nyoshul Khenpo Rinpoche">Nyoshul Khenpo Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgyen_Chokgyur_Lingpa" title="Orgyen Chokgyur Lingpa">Orgyen Chokgyur Lingpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgyen_Tobgyal" title="Orgyen Tobgyal">Orgyen Tobgyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabongkhapa_D%C3%A9chen_Nyingpo" title="Pabongkhapa Déchen Nyingpo">Phabongkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pema_Lingpa" title="Pema Lingpa">Pema Lingpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penor_Rinpoche" title="Penor Rinpoche">Penor Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagmo_Drupa_Dorje_Gyalpo" title="Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo">Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangjung_Dorje,_3rd_Karmapa_Lama" title="Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama">Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratna_Vajra_Sakya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratna Vajra Sakya">Ratna Vajra Sakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rechung_Dorje_Drakpa" title="Rechung Dorje Drakpa">Rechung Dorje Drakpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reting_Rinpoche" title="Reting Rinpoche">Reting Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sakya Chokden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Beru_Khyentse" title="Second Beru Khyentse">Second Beru Khyentse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamarpa" title="Shamarpa">Shamarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogyal_Rinpoche" title="Sogyal Rinpoche">Sogyal Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Situpa" title="Tai Situpa">Tai Situpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranatha" title="Taranatha">Taranatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarthang_Tulku" title="Tarthang Tulku">Tarthang Tulku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenga_Rinpoche" title="Tenga Rinpoche">Tenga Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenzin_Palmo" title="Tenzin Palmo">Tenzin Palmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenzin_Wangyal_Rinpoche" title="Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche">Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenzin_%C3%96sel_Hita" title="Tenzin Ösel Hita">Tenzin Ösel Hita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thinley_Norbu" title="Thinley Norbu">Thinley Norbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrangu_Rinpoche" title="Thrangu Rinpoche">Thrangu Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thubten_Yeshe" title="Thubten Yeshe">Thubten Yeshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thubten_Zopa_Rinpoche" title="Thubten Zopa Rinpoche">Thubten Zopa Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traleg_Kyabgon_Rinpoche" title="Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche">Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trijang_Lobsang_Yeshe_Tenzin_Gyatso" title="Trijang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso">Trijang Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trulshik_Rinpoche" title="Trulshik Rinpoche">Trulshik Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsangny%C3%B6n_Heruka" title="Tsangnyön Heruka">Tsangnyön Heruka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsele_Natsok_Rangdr%C3%B6l" title="Tsele Natsok Rangdröl">Tsele Natsok Rangdröl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulku_Urgyen_Rinpoche" title="Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche">Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairotsana" title="Vairotsana">Vairotsana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimalamitra" title="Vimalamitra">Vimalamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yudra_Nyingpo" title="Yudra Nyingpo">Yudra Nyingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zong_Rinpoche" title="Zong Rinpoche">Zong Rinpoche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyingma_Gyubum" title="Nyingma Gyubum">Gyubum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangyur" title="Kangyur">Kangyur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengyur" title="Tengyur">Tengyur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terma_(religion)" title="Terma (religion)">Terma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" title="Tibetan Buddhist canon">Tibetan canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ritual objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%B6da" class="mw-redirect" title="Chöda">Chöda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damaru" title="Damaru">Damaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanta" title="Ghanta">Ghanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phurba" title="Phurba">Phurba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serkyem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Serkyem (page does not exist)">Serkyem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">Thangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajra" title="Vajra">Vajra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidam" title="Yidam">Yidam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drepung_Monastery" title="Drepung Monastery">Drepung Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzogchen_Monastery" title="Dzogchen Monastery">Dzogchen Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzongsar_Monastery" title="Dzongsar Monastery">Dzongsar Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganden_Monastery" title="Ganden Monastery">Ganden Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokhang" title="Jokhang">Jokhang Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathok_Monastery" title="Kathok Monastery">Kathok Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdroling_Monastery" title="Namdroling Monastery">Namdroling Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palyul" class="mw-redirect" title="Palyul">Palyul Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoche_Temple" title="Ramoche Temple">Ramoche Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakya_Monastery" title="Sakya Monastery">Sakya Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanga_Monastery" title="Sanga Monastery">Sanga Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sera_Monastery" title="Sera Monastery">Sera Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechen_Monastery" title="Shechen Monastery">Shechen Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashilhunpo_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashilhunpo Monastery">Tashilhunpo Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Buryatia" title="Buddhism in Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamshala#Establishment_of_Tibetan_exile_community" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Kalmykia" title="Buddhism in Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shambhala" title="Shambhala">Shambhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva#Religion" title="Tuva">Tuva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2276602#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2276602#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2276602#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000082324359">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/52744241">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/232555/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgX9QQwFcqbVDpPm4r6rq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128556757">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84206534">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16620770j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16620770j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p255714947">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007315343805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA1031189X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/128556757">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/099488205">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐68d6679558‐fbrzc Cached time: 20241106215830 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.190 seconds Real time usage: 0.251 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 436/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 39774/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 164/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 17839/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.097/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1487523/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 180.198 1 -total 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