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Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF" title="رائد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رائد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mpresario" title="İmpresario – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İmpresario" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%80" title="Антрэпрэнёр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Антрэпрэнёр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Импресарио – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Импресарио" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impres%C3%A1rio" title="Impresário – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Impresário" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressaario" title="Impressaario – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Impressaario" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ιμπρεσάριος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιμπρεσάριος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario_(op%C3%A9ra)" title="Impresario (opéra) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Impresario (opéra)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ympressario" title="Ympressario – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ympressario" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario_teatrale" title="Impresario teatrale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Impresario teatrale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9F" title="אמרגן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמרגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Антрепренер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Антрепренер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%80" title="Антрепренёр – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Антрепренёр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA" title="インプレサリオ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インプレサリオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antreprenyor" title="Antreprenyor – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Antreprenyor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Импресарио – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Импресарио" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%80" title="Антрепренёр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антрепренёр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Impresario" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressaari" title="Impressaari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Impressaari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressario" title="Impressario – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Impressario" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Антрепренер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антрепренер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A7u_s%C3%B4" title="Bầu sô – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bầu sô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info"><p><b>This is an <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">old revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:JacktheBrown" class="mw-userlink" title="User:JacktheBrown" data-mw-revid="1224195316"><bdi>JacktheBrown</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:JacktheBrown" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:JacktheBrown">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/JacktheBrown" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/JacktheBrown">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">20:39, 16 May 2024</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(Added italics)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresario">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 20:39, 16 May 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:JacktheBrown" class="mw-userlink" title="User:JacktheBrown" data-mw-revid="1224195316"><bdi>JacktheBrown</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:JacktheBrown" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:JacktheBrown">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/JacktheBrown" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/JacktheBrown">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(Added italics)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impresario&diff=prev&oldid=1224195316" title="Impresario">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impresario&direction=prev&oldid=1224195316" title="Impresario">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impresario&diff=cur&oldid=1224195316" title="Impresario">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impresario&direction=next&oldid=1224195316" title="Impresario">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Impresario&diff=next&oldid=1224195316" title="Impresario">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Organizer and financier of concerts, plays, or operas</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Empresario" title="Empresario">Empresario</a>.</div> <p> An <i><b>impresario</b></i> (from <i>impresa</i>, 'an enterprise or undertaking')<sup id="cite_ref-ImpresarioImpressa_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ImpresarioImpressa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a person who organizes and often finances <a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">concerts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">plays</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operas</a>, performing a role in stage arts that is similar to that of a <a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">film</a> or <a href="/wiki/Television_show#Production" title="Television show">television producer</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>The term originated in the social and economic world of <a href="/wiki/Italian_opera" title="Italian opera">Italian opera</a>, in which from the mid-18th century to the 1830s, the <i>impresario</i> was the key figure in the organization of a lyric season.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosselli_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosselli-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The owners of the theatre, usually amateurs from the nobility, charged the <i>impresario</i> with hiring a <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a> (until the 1850s operas were expected to be new) and the orchestra, singers, costumes and sets, all while assuming considerable financial risk. In 1786 <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> satirized the stress and emotional mayhem in a single-act farce <a href="/wiki/Der_Schauspieldirektor" title="Der Schauspieldirektor"><i>Der Schauspieldirektor</i> (<i>The Impresario</i>)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi" title="Antonio Vivaldi">Antonio Vivaldi</a> was unusual in acting as both <i>impresario</i> and composer; in 1714 he managed seasons at <a href="/wiki/Teatro_San_Angelo" title="Teatro San Angelo">Teatro San Angelo</a> in Venice, where his opera <i><a href="/wiki/Orlando_finto_pazzo" title="Orlando finto pazzo">Orlando finto pazzo</a></i> was followed by numerous others. </p><p>Alessandro Lanari (1787–1852), who began as the owner of a shop that produced costumes, eliminated the middleman in a series of successful seasons he produced for the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_della_Pergola" title="Teatro della Pergola">Teatro della Pergola</a>, in Florence. He presented the premieres of the first version of <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(Verdi)" title="Macbeth (Verdi)">Macbeth</a></i>, two of <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Vincenzo Bellini</a>'s operas and five of <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Gaetano Donizetti</a>'s, including <i><a href="/wiki/Lucia_di_Lammermoor" title="Lucia di Lammermoor">Lucia di Lammermoor</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Barbaia" title="Domenico Barbaia">Domenico Barbaia</a> (1778–1841) began as a café waiter and made a fortune at <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">La Scala</a>, in Milan, where he was also in charge of the gambling operation and introduced <a href="/wiki/Roulette" title="Roulette">roulette</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Duchess_Elisabeth_Sophie_of_Mecklenburg" title="Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg">Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a harpsichordist who also presided over seventeenth-century North German court music as an <i>impresario</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h2></div> <p>The traditional term is still used in the <a href="/wiki/Entertainment#Industry" title="Entertainment">entertainment industry</a> to refer to a producer of <a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">concerts</a>, tours and other events in <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CraigThomas_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CraigThomas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">rodeo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TimeRodeo1937_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimeRodeo1937-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Important modern <i>impresari</i> in the traditional sense include <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beecham" title="Thomas Beecham">Thomas Beecham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bing" title="Rudolf Bing">Rudolf Bing</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_C._Pitman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David C. Pitman (page does not exist)">David C. Pitman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Sergei Diaghilev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_D%27Oyly_Carte" title="Richard D'Oyly Carte">Richard D'Oyly Carte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Gallo" title="Fortune Gallo">Fortune Gallo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sol_Hurok" title="Sol Hurok">Sol Hurok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Caldwell" title="Sarah Caldwell">Sarah Caldwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Richmond" title="Aaron Richmond">Aaron Richmond</a>, and jazz festival producer <a href="/wiki/George_Wein" title="George Wein">George Wein</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(promoter)" title="Bill Graham (promoter)">Bill Graham</a>, who produced music shows at <a href="/wiki/The_Fillmore" title="The Fillmore">The Fillmore</a> Auditorium in San Francisco, was known as a rock music impresario. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application_of_term">Application of term</h2></div> <p>The term is occasionally applied to others, such as independent art museum <a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">curators</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-TimeWhitney_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimeWhitney-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> event planners, and conference organizers<sup id="cite_ref-WurmanMedalistAIGA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WurmanMedalistAIGA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who have a leading role in orchestrating events. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Figurative_impresari">Figurative <i>impresari</i></h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a> said of himself that he was an <i>impresario</i> of scientists<sup id="cite_ref-BartlebyCouteau_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BartlebyCouteau-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an explorer and filmmaker who worked with scientists in underwater exploration. <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Wade" title="Nicholas Wade">Nicholas Wade</a> described <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a> and <a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">E. O. Wilson</a> in <i>The New York Times</i> as <i>impresari</i> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>'s works.<sup id="cite_ref-WadeNYT_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WadeNYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Impresarios" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Impresarios">Impresarios</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ImpresarioImpressa-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ImpresarioImpressa_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/New_Oxford_American_Dictionary" title="New Oxford American Dictionary">New Oxford American Dictionary</a></i>. <i>Impresa</i>: enterprise; deed; company. <i><a href="/wiki/Arnoldo_Mondadori_Editore" title="Arnoldo Mondadori Editore">Mondadori</a>'s Pocket Italian–English English–Italian <a href="/wiki/Bilingual_dictionary" title="Bilingual dictionary">Dictionary</a></i>. The term is sometimes misspelled <i>impressario</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosselli-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rosselli_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosselli, John (1984). <i>The Opera Industry in Italy from Cimarosa to Verdi: The Role of the Impresario</i>. Cambridge University Press. This history is summarized here.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPorter2012" class="citation book cs1">Porter, Cecelia Hopkins (2012). <i>Five Lives in Music : Women Performers, Composers, and Impresarios from the Baroque to the Present</i>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780252037016" title="Special:BookSources/9780252037016"><bdi>9780252037016</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Five+Lives+in+Music+%3A+Women+Performers%2C+Composers%2C+and+Impresarios+from+the+Baroque+to+the+Present.&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780252037016&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Cecelia+Hopkins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImpresario" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CraigThomas-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CraigThomas_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas,_Craig2001" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Craig (13 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/magazine/nations/0,8782,166488,00.html">"Private Triumph"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asia_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Week">Asia Week</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Week&rft.atitle=Private+Triumph.&rft.date=2001-07-13&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiaweek.com%2Fasiaweek%2Fmagazine%2Fnations%2F0%2C8782%2C166488%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImpresario" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimeRodeo1937-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TimeRodeo1937_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602153043/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,758293,00.html">"Broadway Rodeo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 18 October 1937. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,758293,00.html">the original</a> on 2 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Broadway+Rodeo&rft.date=1937-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C758293%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImpresario" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimeWhitney-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TimeWhitney_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001015050/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,844168,00.html">"New Impresario for the Showcase"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 24 November 1967. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,844168,00.html">the original</a> on 1 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=New+Impresario+for+the+Showcase&rft.date=1967-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C844168%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImpresario" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WurmanMedalistAIGA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WurmanMedalistAIGA_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aiga.org/content.cfm/medalist-richardsaulwurman">Champion of Explication Through Design and Design Conference Impresario</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Saul_Wurman" title="Richard Saul Wurman">Richard Saul Wurman</a>, 2004 <a href="/wiki/AIGA" class="mw-redirect" title="AIGA">AIGA</a> Medalist.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BartlebyCouteau-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BartlebyCouteau_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/63/1/3101.html">Jacques-Yves Cousteau</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203061110/http://www.bartleby.com/63/1/3101.html">Archived</a> 2007-12-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/Bartleby.com" title="Bartleby.com">Bartleby.com</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WadeNYT-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WadeNYT_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_Wade2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Wade" title="Nicholas Wade">Nicholas Wade</a> (25 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/science/sciencespecial2/25darw.html">"Long-Ago Rivals Are Dual Impresarios of Darwin's Oeuvre"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Long-Ago+Rivals+Are+Dual+Impresarios+of+Darwin%27s+Oeuvre&rft.date=2005-10-25&rft.au=Nicholas+Wade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F10%2F25%2Fscience%2Fsciencespecial2%2F25darw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AImpresario" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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