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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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television signal</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> technology, <b>Wide Screen Signaling</b> (<b>WSS</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is digital <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> embedded in <a href="/wiki/Vertical_blanking_interval" title="Vertical blanking interval">invisible part</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Analog_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog TV">analog TV</a> signal describing qualities of the broadcast, in particular the intended <a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">aspect ratio</a> of the image. This allows television broadcasters to enable both <a href="/wiki/Fullscreen_(aspect_ratio)" title="Fullscreen (aspect ratio)">4:3</a> and <a href="/wiki/16:9_aspect_ratio" title="16:9 aspect ratio">16:9</a> television sets to optimally present pictures transmitted in either format, by displaying them in <a href="/wiki/Fullscreen_(aspect_ratio)" title="Fullscreen (aspect ratio)">full screen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letterboxing_(filming)" title="Letterboxing (filming)">letterbox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen">widescreen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pillarbox" title="Pillarbox">pillar-box</a>, zoomed <a href="/wiki/Letterboxing_(filming)" title="Letterboxing (filming)">letterbox</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This development is related to introduction of widescreen TVs and broadcasts,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/PALplus" title="PALplus">PALplus</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> system in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (mid 1990s), the <a href="/wiki/Clear-Vision" title="Clear-Vision">Clear-Vision</a><sup id="cite_ref-:8_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> system in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (early 1990s), and the need to downscale <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HD broadcasts</a> to <a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">SD</a> in the US. The <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(signal_processing)" title="Bandwidth (signal processing)">bandwidth</a> of the WSS signal is low enough to be recorded on <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> (at the time a popular home video recording technology). It is standardized on Rec. <a href="/wiki/ITU-R" title="ITU-R">ITU-R</a> BT.1119-2.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A modern digital equivalent would be the <a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">Active Format Description</a>, a standard set of codes that can be sent in a <a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG video stream</a>, with a similar set of aspect ratio possibilities. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="625_line_systems">625 line systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widescreen_signaling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 625 line systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For <a href="/wiki/625_lines" title="625 lines">625 line</a> analog TV systems (like <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a> or <a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>), the signal is placed in line 23.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It begins with a run-in code and starts code followed by 14 <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a> of information, divided into four groups, as shown on the tables below (based on Rec. ITU-R BT.1119-2) :<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto22_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto22-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Group 1 - <a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">Aspect ratio</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Bits (0 to 3)</th> <th align="center">Aspect ratio</th> <th>Picture placement inside the broadcast area</th> <th>Active lines </th></tr> <tr> <td>0000</td> <td>-</td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>0001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fullscreen_(aspect_ratio)" title="Fullscreen (aspect ratio)">Full format 4:3</a></td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:4_3_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/4_3_full.jpg/120px-4_3_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/4_3_full.jpg/180px-4_3_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/4_3_full.jpg/240px-4_3_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td> <td>576 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0010</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Letterboxing_(filming)" title="Letterboxing (filming)">Letterbox</a> 16:9 top</td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:16_9_lb_t.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/16_9_lb_t.jpg/120px-16_9_lb_t.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/16_9_lb_t.jpg/180px-16_9_lb_t.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/16_9_lb_t.jpg/240px-16_9_lb_t.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td> <td>432 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0011</td> <td>-</td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>0100</td> <td>Letterbox <a href="/wiki/14:9_aspect_ratio" title="14:9 aspect ratio">14:9</a> top</td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:14_9_lb_t.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/14_9_lb_t.jpg/120px-14_9_lb_t.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/14_9_lb_t.jpg/180px-14_9_lb_t.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/14_9_lb_t.jpg/240px-14_9_lb_t.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td> <td>504 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0101</td> <td>-</td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>0110</td> <td>-</td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>0111</td> <td>Full format 14:9 centre <a href="/wiki/Shoot_and_protect" title="Shoot and protect">shoot and protect</a> 14:9 (see note)</td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:4_3_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/4_3_full.jpg/120px-4_3_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/4_3_full.jpg/180px-4_3_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/4_3_full.jpg/240px-4_3_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td> <td>576 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1000</td> <td>Letterbox 14:9 centre</td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:14_9_lb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/14_9_lb.jpg/120px-14_9_lb.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/14_9_lb.jpg/180px-14_9_lb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/14_9_lb.jpg/240px-14_9_lb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td> <td>504 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1001</td> <td>-</td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1010</td> <td>-</td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1011</td> <td>Letterbox <a href="/wiki/21:9_aspect_ratio" title="21:9 aspect ratio">deeper than 16:9</a> centre</td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%2B16_9_lb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%2B16_9_lb.jpg/120px-%2B16_9_lb.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%2B16_9_lb.jpg/180px-%2B16_9_lb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%2B16_9_lb.jpg/240px-%2B16_9_lb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td> <td>undefined </td></tr> <tr> <td>1100</td> <td>-</td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>1101</td> <td>Letterbox 16:9 centre</td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:16_9_lb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/16_9_lb.jpg/120px-16_9_lb.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/16_9_lb.jpg/180px-16_9_lb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/16_9_lb.jpg/240px-16_9_lb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td> <td>432 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1110</td> <td>Full format <a href="/wiki/16:9_aspect_ratio" title="16:9 aspect ratio">16:9</a> <a href="/wiki/Anamorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anamorphic">anamorphic</a></td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:16_9_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/16_9_full.jpg/120px-16_9_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/16_9_full.jpg/180px-16_9_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/16_9_full.jpg/240px-16_9_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td> <td>576 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1111</td> <td>-</td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>- </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><small>Note: The transmitted aspect ratio is 4:3. Within this area a 14:9 window is protected, containing all the relevant picture content to allow a wide-screen display on a 16:9 television set.</small></i> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Group 2 to 4 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Bit </th> <th>Item </th> <th>Group </th></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Camera Mode (<a href="/wiki/Interlaced" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlaced">interlaced</a>) / PALplus Film Mode (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">progressive scan</a>) </td> <td rowspan="4">2 - Enhanced Services </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Conventional PAL / PALplus <a href="/wiki/PALplus" title="PALplus">Motion Adaptative Colour Plus</a> encoding </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>No Vertical helper / PALplus Vertical helper present </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Reserved / <a href="/wiki/Ghosting_(television)" title="Ghosting (television)">Ghost cancellation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>No subtitles / subtitles within <a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">teletext</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">3 - <a href="/wiki/Subtitles" title="Subtitles">Subtitles</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>No open subtitles / Subtitles in active image area </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>Subtitles out of active image area / Reserved </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>No <a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">surround sound</a> / Surround sound mode </td> <td rowspan="3">4 - Reserved </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>No copyright asserted or status unknown / Copyright asserted </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>Copying not restricted / Copying restricted </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="525_line_systems">525 line systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widescreen_signaling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 525 line systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/525_lines" title="525 lines">525 line</a> analog systems (like <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a> or <a href="/wiki/PAL-M" title="PAL-M">PAL-M</a>) made a provision for the use of pulses for signaling widescreen and other parameters, introduced with the development of <a href="/wiki/Clear-Vision" title="Clear-Vision">Clear-Vision</a> (EDTV-II), a NTSC-compatible Japanese system allowing widescreen broadcasts.<b><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> On these systems the signals are present in lines 22 and 285, as 27 data bits, as defined by <a href="/wiki/IEC_61800" class="mw-redirect" title="IEC 61800">IEC 61880</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following table shows the information present on the signal, based on Rec. ITU-R BT.1119-2 ("helper" signals are EDTV-II specific):<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Bit</th> <th>Item </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Reference signal </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Reference signal </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Aspect ratio (4:3 full format / 16:9 letterbox) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Even parity for B3 to B5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Reserved </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Field type (First field / Next field) </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Frame type (Reference frame / Other frame) </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Vertical temporal helper (no / yes) </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>Vertical high resolution helper (no / yes) </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Horizontal helper (no / yes) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Horizontal helper pre-combing (no / yes) </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 to 14</td> <td>For TV station use </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 to 17</td> <td>Reserved </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 to 23</td> <td>Error correction codes for B3 to B17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td>Reference signal </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 to 27</td> <td>Confirmation signal </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widescreen_signaling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PALplus" title="PALplus">PALplus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear-Vision" title="Clear-Vision">Clear-Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">Active Format Description</a> (AFD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widescreen_signaling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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Renesas Electronics Corporation. 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AN9716%3A+Widescreen+Signaling+%28WSS%29&rft.pub=Renesas+Electronics+Corporation&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.renesas.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Fdocument%2Fapn%2Fan9716-widescreen-signaling-wss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidescreen+signaling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:15_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.1298-0-199710-W!!PDF-E.pdf"><i>RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1298 - Enhanced wide-screen NTSC TV transmission system</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITU. 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RECOMMENDATION+ITU-R+BT.1298+-+Enhanced+wide-screen+NTSC+TV+transmission+system&rft.pub=ITU&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itu.int%2Fdms_pubrec%2Fitu-r%2Frec%2Fbt%2FR-REC-BT.1298-0-199710-W%21%21PDF-E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidescreen+signaling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKageyama2010" class="citation book cs1">Kageyama, Masahiro (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/12994/files/o6927.pdf"><i>Thesis Research on high image quality and high functionality of television</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thesis+Research+on+high+image+quality+and+high+functionality+of+television&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Kageyama&rft.aufirst=Masahiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp%2Frecord%2F12994%2Ffiles%2Fo6927.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidescreen+signaling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackTsatsoulin2002" class="citation book cs1">Jack, Keith; Tsatsoulin, Vladimir (2002-09-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4Hsh7J0d1DwC&dq=%22Widescreen+signaling%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA147"><i>Dictionary of Video and Television Technology</i></a>. Gulf Professional Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-878707-99-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-878707-99-4"><bdi>978-1-878707-99-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Video+and+Television+Technology&rft.pub=Gulf+Professional+Publishing&rft.date=2002-09-11&rft.isbn=978-1-878707-99-4&rft.aulast=Jack&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Tsatsoulin%2C+Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4Hsh7J0d1DwC%26dq%3D%2522Widescreen%2Bsignaling%2522%2B-wikipedia%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWidescreen+signaling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Widescreen_signaling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.renesas.com/en-us/www/doc/application-note/an9716.pdf">Renesas AN9716, <i>Widescreen Signaling (WSS)</i></a> covering 625 lines and 525 lines standard.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_formats" title="Template:Video formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_formats" title="Template talk:Video formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Broadcast_video_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">Broadcast video formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Television</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">Analog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/405-line_television_system" title="405-line television system">405 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_A" title="CCIR System A">System A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/525_lines" title="525 lines">525 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_M" title="CCIR System M">System M</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/NTSC-J" title="NTSC-J">NTSC-J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clear-Vision" title="Clear-Vision">Clear-Vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL-M" title="PAL-M">PAL-M</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-MAC" title="B-MAC">B-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/625_lines" title="625 lines">625 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_B" title="CCIR System B">System B</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_C" title="CCIR System C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_D" title="CCIR System D">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_G" title="CCIR System G">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_H" title="CCIR System H">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_I" title="CCIR System I">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_K" title="CCIR System K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_L" title="CCIR System L">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_N" title="CCIR System N">N</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL#PALN" title="PAL">PAL-N</a>, <a href="/wiki/PALplus" title="PALplus">PALplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/819_line" title="819 line">819 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E" title="CCIR System E">System E</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E#System_F" title="CCIR System E">F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1125 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1250 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD-MAC" title="HD-MAC">HD-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_signal" title="Audio signal">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multichannel_television_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel television sound">BTSC (MTS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIAJ_MTS" title="EIAJ MTS">EIAJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NICAM" title="NICAM">NICAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_audio_program" title="Second audio program">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound-in-Syncs" title="Sound-in-Syncs">Sound-in-Syncs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweikanalton" title="Zweikanalton">Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGMS-A" title="CGMS-A">CGMS-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost-canceling_reference" title="Ghost-canceling reference">GCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Delivery_Control" title="Programme Delivery Control">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_blanking_interval" title="Vertical blanking interval">VBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Encoded_Invisible_Light" title="Video Encoded Invisible Light">VEIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIT_signals" title="VIT signals">VIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_interval_timecode" title="Vertical interval timecode">VITC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Data_Services" title="Extended Data Services">XDS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_systems_before_1940" title="Television systems before 1940">Pre-1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_television" title="Mechanical television">Mechanical television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/180-line_television_system" title="180-line television system">180-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/343-line_television_system" title="343-line television system">343-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/375-line_television_system" title="375-line television system">375-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441-line_television_system" title="441-line television system">441-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/455-line_television_system" title="455-line television system">455-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/567-line_television_system" title="567-line television system">567-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-sequential_color_system" title="Field-sequential color system">Field-sequential color system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Television#OSKM" title="Soviet Central Television">OSKM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">Interlaced</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">SDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">LDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">240p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">288p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">EDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">576p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">MPEG-2 Video</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB_3D-TV" title="DVB 3D-TV">DVB 3D-TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS+</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4 Visual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">MPEG-4 AVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards#H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" title="ATSC standards">ATSC A/72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">MPEG-H HEVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC 3.0">ATSC 3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">HD DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB#ISDB-S3" title="ISDB">ISDB-S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">5.1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Audio Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_pulse-code_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear pulse-code modulation">LPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">AFD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-CPCM" title="DVB-CPCM">CPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-avs-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avs_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avs_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mobaho-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Defunct.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Technical_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Technical issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14:9" class="mw-redirect" title="14:9">14:9 compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast-safe" title="Broadcast-safe">Broadcast-safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">Digital cinema</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Cinema Initiative">DCI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">Display motion blur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_image_formats" title="Moving image formats">Moving image formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_Standards_Conversion" title="Reverse Standards Conversion">Reverse Standards Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_standards_conversion" title="Television standards conversion">Standards conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_transmitter" title="Television transmitter">Television transmitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_card" title="Test card">Test card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_processing" title="Video processing">Video processing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Widescreen signaling</a></li> <li>Templates (<a href="/wiki/Template:Analogue_TV_transmitter_topics" title="Template:Analogue TV transmitter topics">Analogue TV Topics</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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