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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topics" title="Template:Europe topics">Template:Europe topics</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons: </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> from <i>editing</i> Wikipedia.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:L235" title="User:L235">‪L235‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <div class="user-block colocation-webhost" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: #ffefd5; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.7em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/40px-Server-multiple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/60px-Server-multiple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/80px-Server-multiple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>The <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web host provider</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocation provider</a>.</b> To prevent abuse, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked</a> from editing Wikipedia. <div style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; clear: both">You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">proxy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a>. <p><b>We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit.</b> For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in. </p><p>If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption#Requesting_and_granting_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">request an IP block exemption</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">appeal this block</a> by adding the following text on your <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk page</a>: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. <i>Place any further information here.</i> ~~~~}}</code>. <b>You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated.</b> Your IP address can be determined <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Get_my_IP_address?withJS=MediaWiki:Get-my-ip.js">here</a></b></span>. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System" title="Wikipedia:Unblock Ticket Request System">unblock ticket request system</a>. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.</div></div> <p><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="border:#707070 solid 1px;background-color:#ffe0e0;padding:2px"><b>Administrators:</b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemption</a> user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">CheckUser</a> needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPI#Quick_CheckUser_requests" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPI">SPI Quick Checkuser Requests</a>. <b>Unblocking</b> an IP or IP range with this template <b>is highly discouraged</b> without at least contacting the blocking administrator.</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <p>This block will expire on 18:23, 24 August 2026. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even when blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">email</a> administrators and other editors. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>For information on how to proceed, please read the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block#Common_questions" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">FAQ for blocked users</a></b> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">guideline on block appeals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">guide to appealing blocks</a> may also be helpful. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking policy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address range has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">globally blocked</a>.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards/Wizard" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards/Wizard">Stewards Block Wizard</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward (page does not exist)">MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward</a> </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Region topics | region = Europe | state = {{{state|{{{1|autocollapse}}}}}} | adjective = European | history = {{Navbox |child |groupstyle=padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal; |evenodd=swap | group1 = Chronology | list1 = * [[Bibliography of European history]] * [[Prehistoric Europe|Prehistory]] * [[Classical antiquity]] * [[Late antiquity]] * [[Middle Ages]] * [[Early modern Europe|Early modernity]] * [[World War I]] * [[World War II]] * [[Pax Europaea]] * [[Crisis situations and unrest in Europe since 2000|Crisis situations and unrest since 2000]] * [[COVID-19 pandemic in Europe|COVID-19 pandemic]] and [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta]][[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|cron]] hybrid variant (2020–22) * [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] | group2 = By topic | list2 =  * [[Military history of Europe|Military]] * [[List of sovereign states by date of formation#Europe|Sovereignty]] ** [[List of predecessors of sovereign states in Europe|predecessor states]] }} | geography =  * [[Area and population of European countries|Areas and populations]] * [[List of European countries by area|Countries by area]] ** [[European microstates]] * [[List of metropolitan areas in Europe|Largest metropolitan areas]] * [[Lists of cities in Europe|Cities]] * [[Climate of Europe|Climate]] * [[Climate change in Europe|Climate change]] * [[Extreme points of Europe|Extreme points]] * [[Geology of Europe|Geology]] * [[List of islands of Europe|Islands]] * [[List of lakes#Europe|Lakes]] * [[List of mountain ranges#Europe|Mountains]] * [[Regions of Europe|Regions]] * [[List of rivers of Europe|Rivers]] * [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe|Sovereign states and dependent territories]] ** [[Demographics of Europe#Population by country|by population]] * [[List of villages in Europe|Villages]] | politics =  {{Navbox |child |groupstyle=padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal; | list1 = * [[Eurosphere]] * [[List of European countries by membership in international organisations|International organisations]] * [[European integration|Integration]] * [[Law in Europe|Law]] * [[Post-Soviet states|Post-Soviet Europe]] * [[Transatlantic relations]] | group2 = Intergovernmental | list2 =  * [[Commonwealth of Independent States|Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)]] * [[Council of Europe|Council of Europe (CoE)]] * [[Collective Security Treaty Organization|Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO)]] * [[Eurasian Economic Union|Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)]] * [[European Political Community|European Political Community (EPC)]] * [[GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development|GUAM Organization]] * [[Open Balkan]] * [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)]] * [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)]] ** [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe statistics|statistics]] * [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation]] | group3 = [[European Union]] | list3 =  * [[Economy of the European Union|Economy]] ** [[Third-country economic relationships with the European Union|relations]] ** [[Free trade agreements of the European Union|free trade agreements]] * [[Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union|Education]] * [[European Economic Area|European Economic Area (EEA)]] * [[European Neighbourhood Policy|European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)]] ** [[Eastern Partnership]] ** [[Euronest Parliamentary Assembly]] * [[European Union Customs Union|European Union Customs Union (EUCU)]] * [[Eurozone]] * [[Foreign relations of the European Union|Foreign relations]] * [[Member state of the European Union|Members]] ** [[Potential enlargement of the European Union|enlargement]] * [[Politics of the European Union|Politics]] * [[Schengen Area]] ** [[Visa policy of the Schengen Area|Visa policy]] * [[European Union statistics|Statistics]] }} | economy = {{Navbox |child |groupstyle=padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal; | list1 = * [[Economic history of Europe (1000 AD–present)|History]] * [[Financial and social rankings of sovereign states in Europe|Financial (and social) rankings]] * [[Free trade areas in Europe|Free trade areas]] * [[Energy in Europe|Energy]] * [[Telecommunications in the European Union|Telecommunications]] * [[Transport in Europe|Transport]] ** [[Rail transport in Europe|Rail]] ** [[International E-road network|Road]] | group2 = Intergovernmental | list2 =  * [[Central European Free Trade Agreement|Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)]] * [[Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union|Eurasian Customs Union (EACU)]] * [[Eurasian Economic Community|Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC)]] * [[European Free Trade Association|European Free Trade Association (EFTA)]] | group3 = Sovereign states by | list3 =  * [[List of European countries by average wage|Average wage]] * [[List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues|Budget revenues]] ** [[List of sovereign states in Europe by budget revenues per capita|per capita]] * [[List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal)|GDP (nominal)]] ** [[List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (nominal) per capita|per capita]] * [[List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]] ** [[List of sovereign states in Europe by GDP (PPP) per capita|per capita]] * [[List of sovereign states in Europe by GNI (nominal) per capita|GNI (nominal) per capita]] * [[List of sovereign states in Europe by GNI (PPP) per capita|GNI (PPP) per capita]] * [[List of sovereign states in Europe by Human Development Index|HDI]] * [[List of European countries by number of Internet users|Internet users (%)]] * [[List of European countries by minimum wage|Minimum wage]] * [[List of sovereign states in Europe by Press Freedom Index|Press Freedom Index]] * [[List of sovereign states in Europe by unemployment rate|Unemployment rate (%)]] * [[European countries by health expense per person|Health expense per capita]] * [[European countries by military expenditure as a percentage of government expenditure|Military spending (%)]] * [[European countries by percentage of urban population|Urban population (%)]] * [[European countries by electricity consumption per person|Electricity use per capita]] }} | society =  * [[Ages of consent in Europe|Ages of consent]] * [[Etiquette in Europe|Etiquette]] * [[Financial and social rankings of sovereign states in Europe|Social (and financial) rankings]] * [[Languages of Europe|Languages]] ** [[List of endangered languages in Europe|endangered]] * [[Legal status of tattooing in European countries|Tattooing]] * [[History of European universities|Universities]] ** [[Bologna Process]] ** [[Erasmus Programme|Erasmus]] | culture =  * [[Art of Europe|Art]] ** [[Western painting|painting]] ** [[Sculpture#Europe|sculpture]] * [[History of architecture#Europe|Architecture]] * [[European Capital of Culture|Capital of Culture]] * [[Cinema of Europe|Cinema]] ** [[List of film festivals in Europe|film festivals]] * [[Classical music]] * [[European cuisine|Cuisine]] * [[European dances|Dance]] * [[European folklore|Folklore]] * [[Western literature|Literature]] * [[Continental philosophy|Philosophy]] * [[Religion in Europe|Religion]] ** [[Christianity in Europe|Christianity]] ** [[Islam in Europe|Islam]] ** [[History of the Jews in Europe|Judaism]] * [[Sport in Europe|Sport]] * [[Symbols of Europe|Symbols]] ([[Armorial of Europe|Armorial]], [[Flags of Europe|Flags]]) | demographics =  * [[Ageing of Europe|Ageing]] * [[European countries by percent of population aged 0-14|Childhood population (%)]] * [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Ethnic groups]] ** [[Genetic history of Europe|genetic history]] * [[Immigration to Europe|Immigration]] * [[List of European countries by life expectancy|Life expectancy]] ** [[List of European regions by life expectancy|by region]] * [[Retirement in Europe|Retirement]] | addtobelow = * [[Maps of present-day countries and dependencies|Maps]] }}<noinclude> {{Documentation | content = {{Collapsible option |statename=optional}} [[Category:Europe navigational boxes| ]] [[Category:Topics templates by region or continent]] }} </noinclude> </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" 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