CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pancake lens - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"807d94ad-363c-45e5-9308-12fa8a3ad3cf","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pancake_lens","wgTitle":"Pancake lens","wgCurRevisionId":1279176608,"wgRevisionId":1279176608,"wgArticleId":22691642,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Incomplete lists from February 2017","Photographic lenses","Photographic lens designs","Pancake lenses","Virtual reality","Virtual reality headsets"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pancake_lens","wgRelevantArticleId":22691642,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3880577","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PentaxK7_7.jpg/1200px-PentaxK7_7.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="909"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PentaxK7_7.jpg/960px-PentaxK7_7.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="606"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="485"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pancake lens - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancake_lens"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancake_lens"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Pancake_lens rootpage-Pancake_lens skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pancake+lens" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pancake+lens" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pancake+lens" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pancake+lens" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Motivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Motivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Body-cap_lenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body-cap_lenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Body-cap lenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body-cap_lenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_pancake_lenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_pancake_lenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of pancake lenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_pancake_lenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_pancake_zoom_lenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_pancake_zoom_lenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of pancake zoom lenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_pancake_zoom_lenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_near-pancake_lenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_near-pancake_lenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of near-pancake lenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_near-pancake_lenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_older_pancake_lenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_older_pancake_lenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>List of older pancake lenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_older_pancake_lenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pancake lens</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancake_(obiettivo)" title="Pancake (obiettivo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pancake (obiettivo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A5%BC%E5%B9%B2%E9%95%9C%E5%A4%B4" title="饼干镜头 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="饼干镜头" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3880577#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pancake_lens" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pancake_lens" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pancake_lens"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pancake_lens"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pancake_lens" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pancake_lens" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&oldid=1279176608" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pancake_lens&id=1279176608&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPancake_lens"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPancake_lens"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pancake_lens&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pancake_lenses" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3880577" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Term for a thin, flat camera lens</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PentaxK7_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PentaxK7_7.jpg/180px-PentaxK7_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PentaxK7_7.jpg/270px-PentaxK7_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/PentaxK7_7.jpg/360px-PentaxK7_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2409" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>A DSLR camera with a pancake lens</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#List_of_pancake_lenses">List of pancake lenses</a></div> <p>A <b>pancake lens</b> is a colloquial term for a flat, thin <a href="/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens">camera lens</a> assembly (short barrel). The majority are <a href="/wiki/Prime_lens" title="Prime lens">prime lenses</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Normal_lens" title="Normal lens">normal</a> or slightly wider <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_view" class="mw-redirect" title="Angle of view">angle of view</a>, but some are <a href="/wiki/Zoom_lenses" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoom lenses">zoom lenses</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motivation">Motivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Motivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pancake lenses are primarily valued for providing quality optics in a compact package. The resulting camera and lens assembly may even be small enough to be pocketable, a design feature which is usually impractical with conventional <a href="/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Single-lens reflex camera">SLR</a> bodies and lens assemblies. Pancake lenses can be very short and flat because they do not need large amounts of optical correction, i.e. extra lens elements. </p><p>The problem arises when such lenses have too short a <a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">focal length</a> to fit in front of the retractable mirrors used in <a href="/wiki/Reflex_camera" title="Reflex camera">reflex cameras</a>. In such a situation, a pancake lens focuses in front of, rather than on, the <a href="/wiki/Focal_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Focal plane">focal plane</a> (film or light sensor) of the camera. This has necessitated the design of <a href="/wiki/Retrofocus" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrofocus">retrofocus</a> lenses that refocus the image farther back, which is why such lenses are longer and bulkier than their "pancake" equivalents. </p><p>Pancake-style prime lenses are generally simpler to manufacture than pancake zoom lenses like Sony E PZ 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 due to the general lack of an internal micromotor and fewer image correcting elements, allowing for a thinner profile. Because of this limitation, pancake zoom lenses are much less common. </p><p>While there is no specific size and weight in defining a pancake lens, most are light-weight and no more than a few centimeters in length. This varies greatly depending upon the lens' build quality, focal length, and maximum aperture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1960s and 1970s the Nikon GN lens was a notable example, while in the 1970s and 1980s pancake lenses were used in compact <a href="/wiki/Single_lens_reflex" class="mw-redirect" title="Single lens reflex">single lens reflex</a> (SLR) cameras.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the 2010s, the design has seen a resurgence due to the growth of the <a href="/wiki/Mirrorless_interchangeable-lens_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera">mirrorless interchangeable-lens digital camera</a> market. Pancake lenses have increasingly become lighter and feature thinner profiles than years past. An extreme example of this trend would be the <a href="/wiki/Pentax_DA_40mm_lens" title="Pentax DA 40mm lens">Pentax DA 40mm F2.8 XS</a>, released in 2012 and measuring only 9.14 millimetres (0.360 in) long. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Body-cap_lenses">Body-cap lenses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Body-cap lenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympus_Body_Cap_lens_15mm_F8_n01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Olympus_Body_Cap_lens_15mm_F8_n01.jpg/180px-Olympus_Body_Cap_lens_15mm_F8_n01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Olympus_Body_Cap_lens_15mm_F8_n01.jpg/270px-Olympus_Body_Cap_lens_15mm_F8_n01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Olympus_Body_Cap_lens_15mm_F8_n01.jpg/360px-Olympus_Body_Cap_lens_15mm_F8_n01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2325" /></a><figcaption>Olympus 15mm F8 body cap lens</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>body-cap lens</b> is an extreme type of pancake lens that is designed to both protect the camera internals as a body cap normally would, yet still allow the user to take photos. These lenses are manual focus only and generally have no more than a couple of optical lens elements, no image correcting elements, a very-slow fixed aperture, an extremely thin focusing ring (if any), and a retractable lens element cover. Due to this compromise in design, body-cap lenses generally suffer from numerous image quality issues such as heavy vignetting and poor image sharpness. </p><p>Examples of body-cap lenses include the Olympus 9mm F8 Fisheye and Olympus 15mm F8 for <a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">Micro Four Thirds</a> and the Fujifilm XM-FL 24mm F8 for <a href="/wiki/Fujifilm_X-mount" title="Fujifilm X-mount">Fujifilm X-mount</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Panasonic released a manual-focus lens for the <a href="/wiki/L-Mount" class="mw-redirect" title="L-Mount">L-Mount</a> that is nearly the size of a body cap, but it does not have a retractable lens cover: the Lumix S 26mm F8. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_pancake_lenses">List of pancake lenses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of pancake lenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a list of <a href="/wiki/Autofocus" title="Autofocus">autofocus</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_lens" title="Prime lens">prime lenses</a> designed for <a href="/wiki/Mirrorless_camera" title="Mirrorless camera">mirrorless cameras</a> that measure less than 30 millimeters in length — limit one per brand and <a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">focal length</a> combination. </p><p>In 2024, Viltrox released the thinnest autofocus pancake lens ever produced for full-frame sensors: a 28mm F4.5 lens that is only 15mm thick. It is closer in size to a body-cap lens than to other pancake lenses. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275448275">.mw-parser-output .defaultleft{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .defaultcenter{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .defaultright{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .col1left td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2left td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3left td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4left td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5left td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6left td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7left td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8left td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9left td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10left td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11left td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12left td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13left td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14left td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15left td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16left td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17left td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18left td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19left td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20left td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21left td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22left td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23left td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24left td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25left td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26left td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27left td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28left td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29left td:nth-child(29){text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col1center td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2center td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3center td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4center td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5center td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6center td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7center td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8center td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9center td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10center td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11center td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12center td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13center td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14center td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15center td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16center td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17center td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18center td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19center td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20center td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21center td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22center td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23center td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24center td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25center td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26center td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27center td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28center td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29center td:nth-child(29){text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .col1right td:nth-child(1),.mw-parser-output .col2right td:nth-child(2),.mw-parser-output .col3right td:nth-child(3),.mw-parser-output .col4right td:nth-child(4),.mw-parser-output .col5right td:nth-child(5),.mw-parser-output .col6right td:nth-child(6),.mw-parser-output .col7right td:nth-child(7),.mw-parser-output .col8right td:nth-child(8),.mw-parser-output .col9right td:nth-child(9),.mw-parser-output .col10right td:nth-child(10),.mw-parser-output .col11right td:nth-child(11),.mw-parser-output .col12right td:nth-child(12),.mw-parser-output .col13right td:nth-child(13),.mw-parser-output .col14right td:nth-child(14),.mw-parser-output .col15right td:nth-child(15),.mw-parser-output .col16right td:nth-child(16),.mw-parser-output .col17right td:nth-child(17),.mw-parser-output .col18right td:nth-child(18),.mw-parser-output .col19right td:nth-child(19),.mw-parser-output .col20right td:nth-child(20),.mw-parser-output .col21right td:nth-child(21),.mw-parser-output .col22right td:nth-child(22),.mw-parser-output .col23right td:nth-child(23),.mw-parser-output .col24right td:nth-child(24),.mw-parser-output .col25right td:nth-child(25),.mw-parser-output .col26right td:nth-child(26),.mw-parser-output .col27right td:nth-child(27),.mw-parser-output .col28right td:nth-child(28),.mw-parser-output .col29right td:nth-child(29){text-align:right}</style> </p> <table class="wikitable col3right col4right col7right col8right" style="font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> <tbody><tr> <th>Model </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lens_mount" title="Lens mount">Lens<br />mounts</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">Focal<br />length</a><sup id="cite_ref-35mm_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35mm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a> </th> <th>Aperture<br />ring </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Optical_image_stabilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical image stabilization">OIS</a> </th> <th>Weight </th> <th>Length </th> <th>Release<br />year </th> <th>Availability </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>1.0-type ("1-inch")</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samsung 9mm F3.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX_mini#Lenses" title="Samsung NX mini">NX-M</a> </td> <td>24mm </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263863036">.mw-parser-output span.fnumber,.mw-parser-output .fnumber-fallback{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;width:max-content}.mw-parser-output span.fnumber::first-letter,.mw-parser-output .fnumber-fallback .first-letter{font-style:italic;font-family:Trebuchet MS,Candara,Georgia,Calibri,Corbel,serif}</style><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>31g </td> <td>13mm </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nikon 10mm F2.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikon_1-mount" title="Nikon 1-mount">1</a> </td> <td>27mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>77g </td> <td>22mm </td> <td>2011 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samsung 17mm F1.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX_mini#Lenses" title="Samsung NX mini">NX-M</a> </td> <td>46mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>1.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>55g </td> <td>28mm </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">Micro Four Thirds</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Lumix_G_14mm_lens" title="Panasonic Lumix G 14mm lens">Panasonic 14mm F2.5 II</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">MFT</a> </td> <td>28mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>55g </td> <td>21mm </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympus_M.Zuiko_Digital_17mm_f/2.8" title="Olympus M.Zuiko Digital 17mm f/2.8">Olympus 17mm F2.8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">MFT</a> </td> <td>34mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>71g </td> <td>22mm </td> <td>2009 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Lumix_20mm_lens" title="Panasonic Lumix 20mm lens">Panasonic 20mm F1.7 II</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">MFT</a> </td> <td>40mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>1.7 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>87g </td> <td>26mm </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/APS-C" title="APS-C">APS-C</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX_10mm_F3.5_Fisheye" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung NX 10mm F3.5 Fisheye">Samsung 10mm F3.5 Fisheye</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX-mount" title="Samsung NX-mount">NX</a> </td> <td>15mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX-mount" title="Samsung NX-mount">iFn</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>72g </td> <td>26mm </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E_16mm_F2.8" title="Sony E 16mm F2.8">Sony 16mm F2.8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E-mount" title="Sony E-mount">E</a> </td> <td>24mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>67g </td> <td>23mm </td> <td>2010 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX_16mm_F2.4_Pancake" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung NX 16mm F2.4 Pancake">Samsung 16mm F2.4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX-mount" title="Samsung NX-mount">NX</a> </td> <td>24mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.4 </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX-mount" title="Samsung NX-mount">iFn</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>90g </td> <td>24mm </td> <td>2011 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Leica 18mm F2.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leica_L-Mount" title="Leica L-Mount">L</a> </td> <td>27mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>80g </td> <td>21mm </td> <td>2017 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E_20mm_F2.8" title="Sony E 20mm F2.8">Sony 20mm F2.8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E-mount" title="Sony E-mount">E</a> </td> <td>30mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>69g </td> <td>20mm </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX_20mm_F2.8_Pancake" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung NX 20mm F2.8 Pancake">Samsung 20mm F2.8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX-mount" title="Samsung NX-mount">NX</a> </td> <td>30mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial"><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX-mount" title="Samsung NX-mount">iFn</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>89g </td> <td>25mm </td> <td>2010 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td><a href="/wiki/Canon_EF-M_22mm_lens" title="Canon EF-M 22mm lens">Canon 22mm F2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canon_EF-M_lens_mount" title="Canon EF-M lens mount">EF-M</a> </td> <td>35mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>105g </td> <td>24mm </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;font-style:italic"> <td>Nikon 26mm F2.8<sup id="cite_ref-ff_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ff-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikon_Z-mount" title="Nikon Z-mount">Z</a> </td> <td>39mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>125g </td> <td>24mm </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td><a href="/wiki/Fujinon_XF_27mm_F2.8" title="Fujinon XF 27mm F2.8">Fujifilm 27mm F2.8 WR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm_X-mount" title="Fujifilm X-mount">X</a> </td> <td>41mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>84g </td> <td>23mm </td> <td>2021 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>TTArtisan 27mm F2.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E-mount" title="Sony E-mount">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujifilm_X-mount" title="Fujifilm X-mount">X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikon_Z-mount" title="Nikon Z-mount">Z</a> </td> <td>41mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>88g </td> <td>29mm </td> <td>2022 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>Viltrox 28mm F4.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E-mount" title="Sony E-mount">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujifilm_X-mount" title="Fujifilm X-mount">X</a> </td> <td>42mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>4.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>60g </td> <td>15mm </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;font-style:italic"> <td>Canon 28mm F2.8<sup id="cite_ref-ff_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ff-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canon_RF_lens_mount" title="Canon RF lens mount">RF</a> </td> <td>42mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>120g </td> <td>25mm </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX_30mm_F2_Pancake" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung NX 30mm F2 Pancake">Samsung 30mm F2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX-mount" title="Samsung NX-mount">NX</a> </td> <td>45mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>85g </td> <td>22mm </td> <td>2010 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/35mm_format" class="mw-redirect" title="35mm format">Full frame</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>Nikon 26mm F2.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikon_Z-mount" title="Nikon Z-mount">Z</a> </td> <td>26mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>125g </td> <td>24mm </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>Viltrox 28mm F4.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E-mount" title="Sony E-mount">E</a> </td> <td>28mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>4.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>60g </td> <td>15mm </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>Canon 28mm F2.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canon_RF_lens_mount" title="Canon RF lens mount">RF</a> </td> <td>28mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>120g </td> <td>25mm </td> <td>2023 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_pancake_zoom_lenses">List of pancake zoom lenses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of pancake zoom lenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a list of <a href="/wiki/Autofocus" title="Autofocus">autofocus</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoom_lens" title="Zoom lens">zoom lenses</a> designed for <a href="/wiki/Mirrorless_camera" title="Mirrorless camera">mirrorless cameras</a> that measure less than 33 millimeters in length. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1275448275" /> <table class="wikitable col3right col4right col5right col6right col9right col10right" style="font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Model </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lens_mount" title="Lens mount">Lens<br />mounts</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">Focal length</a><sup id="cite_ref-35mm_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35mm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Optical_image_stabilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical image stabilization">OIS</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">PZ<sup id="cite_ref-pz_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pz-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">Weight </th> <th rowspan="2">Length </th> <th rowspan="2">Release<br />year </th> <th rowspan="2">Availability </th></tr> <tr> <th>Wide </th> <th>Tele </th> <th>Wide </th> <th>Tele </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>1.0-type ("1-inch")</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Samsung 9-27mm F3.5-5.6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX_mini#Lenses" title="Samsung NX mini">NX-M</a> </td> <td>24mm </td> <td>73mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>5.6 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>73g </td> <td>30mm </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nikon 10-30mm F3.5-5.6 PD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikon_1-mount" title="Nikon 1-mount">1</a> </td> <td>27mm </td> <td>81mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>5.6 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>85g </td> <td>28mm </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nikon 11-27.5mm F3.5-5.6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikon_1-mount" title="Nikon 1-mount">1</a> </td> <td>30mm </td> <td>74mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>5.6 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>80g </td> <td>31mm </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">Micro Four Thirds</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>Panasonic 12-32mm F3.5-5.6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">MFT</a> </td> <td>24mm </td> <td>64mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>5.6 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>70g </td> <td>24mm </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympus_M.Zuiko_Digital_ED_14-42mm_f/3.5-5.6_EZ" title="Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 14-42mm f/3.5-5.6 EZ">Olympus 14-42mm F3.5-5.6 EZ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">MFT</a> </td> <td>28mm </td> <td>84mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>5.6 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>93g </td> <td>23mm </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Lumix_G_X_Vario_PZ_14-42mm" title="Panasonic Lumix G X Vario PZ 14-42mm">Panasonic PZ 14-42mm F3.5-5.6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">MFT</a> </td> <td>28mm </td> <td>84mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>5.6 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>95g </td> <td>27mm </td> <td>2011 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/APS-C" title="APS-C">APS-C</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E_PZ_16-50mm_F3.5-5.6_OSS" title="Sony E PZ 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 OSS">Sony 16-50mm F3.5-5.6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E-mount" title="Sony E-mount">E</a> </td> <td>24mm </td> <td>75mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>5.6 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>116g </td> <td>30mm </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>Sony 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 II </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E-mount" title="Sony E-mount">E</a> </td> <td>24mm </td> <td>75mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>5.6 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>107g </td> <td>31mm </td> <td>2024 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX_16-50mm_F3.5-5.6_Power_Zoom_ED_OIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsung NX 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 Power Zoom ED OIS">Samsung 16-50mm F3.5-5.6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_NX-mount" title="Samsung NX-mount">NX</a> </td> <td>24mm </td> <td>75mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>5.6 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>111g </td> <td>31mm </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>Nikon 16-50mm F3.5-6.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikon_Z-mount" title="Nikon Z-mount">Z</a> </td> <td>24mm </td> <td>75mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>3.5 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>6.3 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>135g </td> <td>32mm </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_near-pancake_lenses">List of near-pancake lenses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of near-pancake lenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a list of <a href="/wiki/Autofocus" title="Autofocus">autofocus</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_lens" title="Prime lens">prime lenses</a> designed for <a href="/wiki/Mirrorless_camera" title="Mirrorless camera">mirrorless cameras</a> that measure between 30 and 38 millimeters in length. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1275448275" /> </p> <table class="wikitable col3right col4right col7right col8right" style="font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> <tbody><tr> <th>Model </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lens_mount" title="Lens mount">Lens<br />mounts</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">Focal<br />length</a><sup id="cite_ref-35mm_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35mm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a> </th> <th>Aperture<br />ring </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Optical_image_stabilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical image stabilization">OIS</a> </th> <th>Weight </th> <th>Length </th> <th>Release<br />year </th> <th>Availability </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>1.0-type ("1-inch")</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nikon 18.5mm F1.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikon_1-mount" title="Nikon 1-mount">1</a> </td> <td>50mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>1.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>70g </td> <td>36mm </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">Micro Four Thirds</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>Panasonic Leica 15mm F1.7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">MFT</a> </td> <td>30mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>1.7 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>115g </td> <td>36mm </td> <td>2014 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>DJI 15mm F1.7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">MFT</a> </td> <td>30mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>1.7 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>115g </td> <td>36mm </td> <td>2015 </td> <td><i>Discontinued</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympus_M.Zuiko_Digital_17mm_f/1.8" title="Olympus M.Zuiko Digital 17mm f/1.8">Olympus 17mm F1.8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Micro_Four_Thirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro Four Thirds">MFT</a> </td> <td>34mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>1.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>120g </td> <td>36mm </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/APS-C" title="APS-C">APS-C</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>Fujifilm 18mm F2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm_X-mount" title="Fujifilm X-mount">X</a> </td> <td>27mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.0 </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>116g </td> <td>34mm </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/35mm_format" class="mw-redirect" title="35mm format">Full frame</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>Samyang 24mm F2.8<sup id="cite_ref-samyang_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-samyang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E-mount" title="Sony E-mount">E</a> </td> <td>24mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>93g </td> <td>37mm </td> <td>2018 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td>Samyang 35mm F2.8<sup id="cite_ref-samyang_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-samyang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E-mount" title="Sony E-mount">E</a> </td> <td>35mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>86g </td> <td>33mm </td> <td>2017 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_Carl_Zeiss_Sonnar_T*_FE_35mm_F2.8_ZA" title="Sony Carl Zeiss Sonnar T* FE 35mm F2.8 ZA">Sony Zeiss 35mm F2.8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_E-mount" title="Sony E-mount">E</a> </td> <td>35mm </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1263863036" /><span class="fnumber-fallback"><span class="first-letter">f</span>/</span>2.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>120g </td> <td>37mm </td> <td>2013 </td> <td><b>Current</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Canon RF 50mm F1.8 designed for full-frame sensors nearly qualifies at 40.5mm in length. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_older_pancake_lenses">List of older pancake lenses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of older pancake lenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;white-space:nowrap"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Format </th> <th>Length </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canon_EF_40mm_lens" title="Canon EF 40mm lens">Canon EF 40mm F2.8 STM</a> </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Full frame </td> <td>22.8 millimetres (0.90 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canon_EF_24mm_lens" title="Canon EF 24mm lens">Canon EF-S 24mm F2.8 STM</a> </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>APS-C </td> <td>22.9 millimetres (0.90 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Industar-22 51mm F3.5 </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Full frame </td> <td>21.0 millimetres (0.83 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Industar-50 52mm F3.5 </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Full frame </td> <td>20.0 millimetres (0.79 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Industar-69 28mm F2.8 </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Half frame </td> <td>13.5 millimetres (0.53 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Konica Hexanon AR 40mm F1.8 </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Full frame </td> <td>27.0 millimetres (1.06 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Neewer E 28mm F2.8 </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>APS-C </td> <td>29.0 millimetres (1.14 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nikon 45mm F2.8 AI P </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Full frame </td> <td>17.0 millimetres (0.67 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nikon 50mm F1.8 E AIS </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Full frame </td> <td>28.0 millimetres (1.10 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nikon Auto GN Nikkor 45mm F2.8 </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Full frame </td> <td>20.0 millimetres (0.79 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Zuiko_Digital_25mm_f/2.8" title="Olympus Zuiko Digital 25mm f/2.8">Olympus 25mm F2.8 ED</a> </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Four Thirds </td> <td>23.5 millimetres (0.93 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Olympus E. Zuiko Auto-S 38mm F2.8 </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Half frame </td> <td>14.0 millimetres (0.55 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Olympus Zuiko Auto-S 40mm F2 </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Full frame </td> <td>25.0 millimetres (0.98 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentax_DA_21mm_Limited_lens" title="Pentax DA 21mm Limited lens">Pentax DA 21mm F3.2</a> </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>APS-C </td> <td>25.0 millimetres (0.98 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentax_DA_40mm_lens" title="Pentax DA 40mm lens">Pentax DA 40mm F2.8</a> </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>APS-C </td> <td>15.0 millimetres (0.59 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentax_DA_40mm_lens" title="Pentax DA 40mm lens">Pentax DA 40mm F2.8 XS</a> </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>APS-C </td> <td>9.14 millimetres (0.360 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentax_HD_Pentax_DA_70mm_f/2.4_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentax HD Pentax DA 70mm f/2.4 Limited (page does not exist)">Pentax DA 70mm F2.4</a> </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>APS-C </td> <td>25.4 millimetres (1.00 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentax_FA_43mm_Limited_lens" title="Pentax FA 43mm Limited lens">Pentax FA 43mm F1.9</a> </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Full frame </td> <td>27.0 millimetres (1.06 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Voigtlander 20mm F3.5 Color Skopar SL II </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Full frame </td> <td>28.6 millimetres (1.13 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Voigtlander 40mm F2.0 Ultron SL II </td> <td>Prime </td> <td>Full frame </td> <td>24.5 millimetres (0.96 in) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PenF-Pancake-Lens-38mmm-f2.8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olympus Pen F/FT (35mm analog film) lens E. Zuiko Auto-S 1:2.8 f=38mm 1966"><img alt="Olympus Pen F/FT (35mm analog film) lens E. Zuiko Auto-S 1:2.8 f=38mm 1966" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/PenF-Pancake-Lens-38mmm-f2.8.jpg/120px-PenF-Pancake-Lens-38mmm-f2.8.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/PenF-Pancake-Lens-38mmm-f2.8.jpg/180px-PenF-Pancake-Lens-38mmm-f2.8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/PenF-Pancake-Lens-38mmm-f2.8.jpg/240px-PenF-Pancake-Lens-38mmm-f2.8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="641" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Olympus Pen F/FT (35mm analog film) lens E. Zuiko Auto-S 1:2.8 f=38mm 1966</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canon_EF_40mm_STM_lens_(focus_stacked_version).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canon EF 40mm F2.8 STM pancake lens"><img alt="Canon EF 40mm F2.8 STM pancake lens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Canon_EF_40mm_STM_lens_%28focus_stacked_version%29.jpg/120px-Canon_EF_40mm_STM_lens_%28focus_stacked_version%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Canon_EF_40mm_STM_lens_%28focus_stacked_version%29.jpg/180px-Canon_EF_40mm_STM_lens_%28focus_stacked_version%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Canon_EF_40mm_STM_lens_%28focus_stacked_version%29.jpg/240px-Canon_EF_40mm_STM_lens_%28focus_stacked_version%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1965" data-file-height="1605" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Canon_EF_40mm_lens" title="Canon EF 40mm lens">Canon EF 40mm F2.8 STM</a> pancake lens</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SMC_Pentax-M_40mm_pancake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="SMC Pentax-M 40mm"><img alt="SMC Pentax-M 40mm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/SMC_Pentax-M_40mm_pancake.jpg/120px-SMC_Pentax-M_40mm_pancake.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/SMC_Pentax-M_40mm_pancake.jpg/180px-SMC_Pentax-M_40mm_pancake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/SMC_Pentax-M_40mm_pancake.jpg/240px-SMC_Pentax-M_40mm_pancake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3110" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pentax_DA_40mm_lens" title="Pentax DA 40mm lens">SMC Pentax-M 40mm</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentax_DA_21mm_F3.2_AL_Limited.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pentax DA 1:3.2 21mm"><img alt="Pentax DA 1:3.2 21mm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pentax_DA_21mm_F3.2_AL_Limited.jpg/120px-Pentax_DA_21mm_F3.2_AL_Limited.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pentax_DA_21mm_F3.2_AL_Limited.jpg/180px-Pentax_DA_21mm_F3.2_AL_Limited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pentax_DA_21mm_F3.2_AL_Limited.jpg/240px-Pentax_DA_21mm_F3.2_AL_Limited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2069" data-file-height="1640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pentax_DA_21mm_Limited_lens" title="Pentax DA 21mm Limited lens">Pentax DA 1:3.2 21mm</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_a6000_with_Sony_16-50mm_lens.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sony E PZ 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 OSS pancake zoom lens"><img alt="Sony E PZ 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 OSS pancake zoom lens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sony_a6000_with_Sony_16-50mm_lens.jpg/120px-Sony_a6000_with_Sony_16-50mm_lens.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sony_a6000_with_Sony_16-50mm_lens.jpg/250px-Sony_a6000_with_Sony_16-50mm_lens.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2874" data-file-height="2187" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sony_E_PZ_16-50mm_F3.5-5.6_OSS" title="Sony E PZ 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 OSS">Sony E PZ 16-50mm F3.5-5.6 OSS</a> pancake zoom lens</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term pancake lens also refers to a specific type of image forming lens used in <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a> <a href="/wiki/Extended_reality" title="Extended reality">and</a> <a href="/wiki/Mixed_reality" title="Mixed reality">mixed reality</a> headsets. This type of lens uses the principle that <a href="/wiki/Circular_polarization" title="Circular polarization">circular polarization</a> is flipped at reflections at optical boundaries to lengthen the light path across the lens. This enables shortening the distance between the eye and the screen, therefore making the goggles more compact.<sup id="cite_ref-y323_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y323-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-35mm-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-35mm_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-35mm_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-35mm_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">35mm equivalent</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ff-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ff_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ff_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Actually a <a href="/wiki/35mm_format" class="mw-redirect" title="35mm format">full-frame</a> lens.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pz-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pz_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Power zoom.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-samyang-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-samyang_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-samyang_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Also sold under the Rokinon brand.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immersive_virtual_reality" class="mw-redirect" title="Immersive virtual reality">Immersive virtual reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_lens" title="Kit lens">Kit lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_standard_zoom_lenses" title="List of standard zoom lenses">Standard zoom lens</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Photography_Review" title="Digital Photography Review">DPReview</a> forum: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forums.dpreview.com/forums/read.asp?forum=1000&message=20033770">Re: Why is a pancake lens a big deal?</a>, Photomonkey, 10:01:14 PM, Thursday, September 14, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fujifilm.jp/personal/digitalcamera/accessories/lens/filterlens/">"レンズ用アクセサリー | Accessories"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA%E7%94%A8%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC+%26%23124%3B+Accessories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffujifilm.jp%2Fpersonal%2Fdigitalcamera%2Faccessories%2Flens%2Ffilterlens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancake+lens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://petapixel.com/2015/02/06/fujis-new-xm-fl-x-mount-body-cap-lens-built-photo-filters/">"Fuji's New XM-FL is an X-Mount Body Cap Lens with Built-In Photo Filters"</a>. <i>PetaPixel</i>. 2015-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PetaPixel&rft.atitle=Fuji%27s+New+XM-FL+is+an+X-Mount+Body+Cap+Lens+with+Built-In+Photo+Filters&rft.date=2015-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpetapixel.com%2F2015%2F02%2F06%2Ffujis-new-xm-fl-x-mount-body-cap-lens-built-photo-filters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancake+lens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-y323-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-y323_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDingLuoBorjiginWu2024" class="citation journal cs1">Ding, Yuqiang; Luo, Zhenyi; Borjigin, Garimagai; Wu, Shin-Tson (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.29026%2Foea.2024.230178">"Breaking the optical efficiency limit of virtual reality with a nonreciprocal polarization rotator"</a>. <i>Opto-Electronic Advances</i>. <b>7</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">230178–</span>11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.29026%2Foea.2024.230178">10.29026/oea.2024.230178</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2096-4579">2096-4579</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opto-Electronic+Advances&rft.atitle=Breaking+the+optical+efficiency+limit+of+virtual+reality+with+a+nonreciprocal+polarization+rotator&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E230178-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.29026%2Foea.2024.230178&rft.issn=2096-4579&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Yuqiang&rft.au=Luo%2C+Zhenyi&rft.au=Borjigin%2C+Garimagai&rft.au=Wu%2C+Shin-Tson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.29026%252Foea.2024.230178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APancake+lens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1UGbXkrE5GqlD6Hoq8bFN9FEOZf37k0LrK6tN2moOuno/edit#gid=0">List of all pancake lenses by camera format</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extended_reality_(XR)1397" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extended_reality" title="Template:Extended reality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extended_reality" title="Template talk:Extended reality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extended_reality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extended reality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extended_reality_(XR)1397" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Extended_reality" title="Extended reality">Extended reality (XR)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reality%E2%80%93virtuality_continuum" title="Reality–virtuality continuum">From least to most virtual:</a> <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">Augmented reality (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_reality" title="Mixed reality">Mixed reality (MR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality (VR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_virtual_reality" title="Cinematic virtual reality">Cinematic virtual reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-mediated_reality" title="Computer-mediated reality">Computer-mediated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_(virtual_reality)" title="Immersion (virtual reality)">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">Avatar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-set_virtual_production" title="On-set virtual production">On-set virtual production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">Persistent world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projection_augmented_model" title="Projection augmented model">Projection augmented model</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Room-scale" title="Room-scale">Room-scale</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_degrees_of_freedom" title="Six degrees of freedom">Six degrees of freedom (6DoF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_computing" title="Spatial computing">Spatial computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepresence" title="Telepresence">Telepresence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_applications" title="Virtual reality applications">Virtual reality applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_sickness" title="Virtual reality sickness">Virtual reality sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">Virtual world</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filter_(social_media)" title="Filter (social media)">Camera filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantified_self" title="Quantified self">Quantified self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_life" title="Real life">Real life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen-door_effect" title="Screen-door effect">Screen-door effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis" title="Simulation hypothesis">Simulation hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_valley" title="Uncanny valley">Uncanny valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber">VTuber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web3" title="Web3">Web3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EyeTap" title="EyeTap">EyeTap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-mounted_display" title="Head-mounted display">Head-mounted display</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_head-mounted_display" title="Optical head-mounted display">optical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">Head-up display</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Other_uses">Pancake lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartglasses" title="Smartglasses">Smartglasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_headset" title="Virtual reality headset">Virtual reality headset</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_virtual_reality_headsets" title="List of virtual reality headsets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_retinal_display" title="Virtual retinal display">Virtual retinal display</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3D interaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface" title="Brain–computer interface">Brain–computer interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_tracking" title="Eye tracking">Eye tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_motion_capture" title="Facial motion capture">Facial motion capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_tracking" title="Finger tracking">Finger/hand tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pose_tracking" title="Pose tracking">Pose tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_localization_and_mapping" title="Simultaneous localization and mapping">Simultaneous localization and mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_reprojection" title="Asynchronous reprojection">Asynchronous reprojection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveated_rendering" title="Foveated rendering">Foveated rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image-based_modeling_and_rendering" title="Image-based modeling and rendering">Image-based modeling and rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_audio_effect" title="3D audio effect">Spatial audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Photography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/360-degree_video" title="360-degree video">360-degree video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_viewpoint_television" title="Free viewpoint television">Free viewpoint television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_(360-degree)_camera" title="Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera">Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_photography" title="VR photography">VR photography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haptic_suit" title="Haptic suit">Haptic suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_treadmill" title="Omnidirectional treadmill">Omnidirectional treadmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wearable_computer" title="Wearable computer">Wearable computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_accessories" title="Category:Virtual reality accessories">Peripherals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberith_Virtualizer" title="Cyberith Virtualizer">Cyberith Virtualizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_Motion" title="Leap Motion">Leap Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Touch" title="Oculus Touch">Oculus Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Move" title="PlayStation Move">PlayStation Move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Hydra" title="Razer Hydra">Razer Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuix_Omni" title="Virtuix Omni">Virtuix Omni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wired_glove" title="Wired glove">Wired glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizdish_ROVR" title="Wizdish ROVR">Wizdish ROVR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_organizations" title="Category:Virtual reality organizations">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brilliant_Labs" title="Brilliant Labs">Brilliant Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Leap" title="Magic Leap">Magic Leap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niantic,_Inc." title="Niantic, Inc.">Niantic, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimax" title="Pimax">Pimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokoko_(company)" title="Rokoko (company)">Rokoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Electronics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varjo" title="Varjo">Varjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuzix" title="Vuzix">Vuzix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_headsets" title="Category:Virtual reality headsets">Devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Apple Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden-i" title="Golden-i">Golden-i headsets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC_Vive" title="HTC Vive">HTC Vive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Leap" title="Magic Leap">Magic Leap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Meta Quest 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3S" title="Meta Quest 3S">3S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Virtual_Reality" title="Open Source Virtual Reality">Open Source Virtual Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO_4" title="PICO 4">PICO 4 Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimax" title="Pimax">Pimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR2" title="PlayStation VR2">PlayStation VR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Index" title="Valve Index">Valve Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuzix" title="Vuzix">Vuzix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AntVR" title="AntVR">AntVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CastAR" title="CastAR">castAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPL_Research" title="VPL Research">EyePhone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Google Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Daydream" title="Google Daydream">Google Daydream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Glass" title="Google Glass">Google Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Image" title="Liquid Image">Liquid Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_Pro" title="Meta Quest Pro">Meta Quest Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">Microsoft HoloLens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HoloLens_2" title="HoloLens 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Oculus Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_2" title="Quest 2">Oculus/Meta Quest 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_CV1" title="Oculus Rift CV1">CV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_S" title="Oculus Rift S">S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO_4" title="PICO 4">PICO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR" title="PlayStation VR">PlayStation VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Gear_VR" title="Samsung Gear VR">Samsung Gear VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorama" title="Sensorama">Sensorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SixthSense" title="SixthSense">SixthSense</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sword_of_Damocles_(virtual_reality)" title="The Sword of Damocles (virtual reality)">The Sword of Damocles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VFX1_Headgear" title="VFX1 Headgear">VFX1 Headgear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Boy" title="Virtual Boy">Virtual Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_fixture" title="Virtual fixture">Virtual fixture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuality_(product)" title="Virtuality (product)">Virtuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR-1" title="VR-1">VR-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unreleased</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Iris" title="Project Iris">Project Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_VR" title="Sega VR">Sega VR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_works" title="Category:Virtual reality works">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_graffiti" title="Virtual graffiti">Virtual graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervasive_game" title="Pervasive game">Pervasive game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_software_related_to_augmented_reality" title="List of software related to augmented reality">Software related to augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_game" title="Virtual reality game">Virtual reality game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems and<br />desktop environments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_XR" title="Android XR">Android XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Horizon OS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS_version_history" title="Meta Horizon OS version history">version history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development tools and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_engines" title="Category:Video game engines">game engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Frame_(virtual_reality_framework)" title="A-Frame (virtual reality framework)">A-Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCore" title="ARCore">ARCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARKit" title="ARKit">ARKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARToolKit" title="ARToolKit">ARToolKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godot_(game_engine)" title="Godot (game engine)">Godot Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetpack_Compose" title="Jetpack Compose">Jetpack Compose XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Spatial SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVR" title="OpenVR">OpenVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenXR" title="OpenXR">OpenXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">RealityKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%26box" title="S&box">S&box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SwiftUI" title="SwiftUI">SwiftUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS_2" class="mw-redirect" title="VisionOS 2">TabletopKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(game_engine)" title="Unity (game engine)">Unity</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Universal_Scene_Description" title="Universal Scene Description">Universal Scene Description</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unreal_Engine" title="Unreal Engine">Unreal Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuforia_Augmented_Reality_SDK" title="Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK">Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_games" title="Category:Virtual reality games">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HTC_Vive_games" title="List of HTC Vive games">List of HTC Vive games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Meta_Quest_games" title="List of Meta Quest games">List of Meta Quest games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oculus_Rift_games" title="List of Oculus Rift games">List of Oculus Rift games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR_games" title="List of PlayStation VR games">List of PlayStation VR games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR2_games" title="List of PlayStation VR2 games">VR2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_communities" title="Category:Virtual reality communities">Communities and<br />social networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltspaceVR" title="AltspaceVR">AltspaceVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a> for visionOS</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Worlds" title="Horizon Worlds">Horizon Worlds</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeosVR" title="NeosVR">NeosVR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rec_Room_(video_game)" title="Rec Room (video game)">Rec Room</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonite" title="Resonite">Resonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansar_(video_game)" title="Sansar (video game)">Sansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorium_Corporation" title="Sensorium Corporation">Sensorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinespace" title="Sinespace">Sinespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRChat" title="VRChat">VRChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTime_XR" title="VTime XR">VTime XR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_pioneers" title="Category:Virtual reality pioneers">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Bekaert" title="Philippe Bekaert">Philippe Bekaert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Benayoun" title="Maurice Benayoun">Maurice Benayoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Birrell" title="Simon Birrell">Simon Birrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bolas" title="Mark Bolas">Mark Bolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Bradley_(actor)" title="Brendan Bradley (actor)">Brendan Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Brooks" title="Fred Brooks">Fred Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%A1tjan_Burger" title="Boštjan Burger">Boštjan Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Cruz-Neira" title="Carolina Cruz-Neira">Carolina Cruz-Neira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Darling" title="Ela Darling">Ela Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_Davies" title="Char Davies">Char Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._DeFanti" title="Thomas A. DeFanti">Thomas A. DeFanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_K._Feiner" title="Steven K. Feiner">Steven K. Feiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Fisher_(technologist)" title="Scott Fisher (technologist)">Scott Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Foster_II" title="Jerome Foster II">Jerome Foster II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuchs" title="Henry Fuchs">Henry Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Furness_III" title="Thomas A. Furness III">Thomas A. Furness III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Heilig" title="Morton Heilig">Morton Heilig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Howlett" title="Eric Howlett">Eric Howlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Iribe" title="Brendan Iribe">Brendan Iribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_W._Krueger" title="Myron W. Krueger">Myron W. Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaron_Lanier" title="Jaron Lanier">Jaron Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Laurel" title="Brenda Laurel">Brenda Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_C._Lin" title="Ming C. Lin">Ming C. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Bowen_Loftin" title="R. Bowen Loftin">R. Bowen Loftin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Luckey" title="Palmer Luckey">Palmer Luckey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Stephen_Meadows" title="Mark Stephen Meadows">Mark Stephen Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_and_Uri_Kranot" title="Michelle and Uri Kranot">Michelle and Uri Kranot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Parisi_(software_developer)" title="Tony Parisi (software developer)">Tony Parisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonny_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Nonny de la Peña">Nonny de la Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Petridis" title="Elia Petridis">Elia Petridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Robinett" title="Warren Robinett">Warren Robinett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Rosenblum" title="Lawrence J. Rosenblum">Lawrence J. Rosenblum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Sandin" title="Daniel J. Sandin">Daniel J. Sandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Schmalstieg" title="Dieter Schmalstieg">Dieter Schmalstieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Sproull" title="Bob Sproull">Bob Sproull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Stenger" title="Nicole Stenger">Nicole Stenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tachi" title="Susumu Tachi">Susumu Tachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpei_Yokoi" title="Gunpei Yokoi">Gunpei Yokoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_virtual_reality" title="Category:Fiction about virtual reality">In</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_augmented_reality" title="Category:Fiction about augmented reality">fiction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accel_World" title="Accel World">Accel World</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accel_World:_Infinite_Burst" title="Accel World: Infinite Burst">Infinite Burst</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a></i>: <i><a href="/wiki/Attack_of_the_Killer_App" title="Attack of the Killer App">Attack of the Killer App</a></i></li> <li>Some <a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Mirror_episodes" title="List of Black Mirror episodes">episodes</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Mirror" title="Black Mirror">Black Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Lyoko" title="Code Lyoko">Code Lyoko</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Lyoko:_Evolution" title="Code Lyoko: Evolution">Evolution</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Den-noh_Coil" title="Den-noh Coil">Den-noh Coil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Digimon" title="Digimon">Digimon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dreamland_Chronicles" title="The Dreamland Chronicles">The Dreamland Chronicles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Divers" title="Gundam Build Divers">Gundam Build Divers</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Divers_Re:Rise" title="Gundam Build Divers Re:Rise">Re:Rise</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Metaverse" title="Gundam Build Metaverse">Gundam Build Metaverse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a>'</i>s <a href="/wiki/Holodeck" title="Holodeck">Holodeck</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji_(franchise)" title="Jumanji (franchise)">Jumanji</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji:_The_Next_Level" title="Jumanji: The Next Level">The Next Level</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji:_Welcome_to_the_Jungle" title="Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle">Welcome to the Jungle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Me_First_(TV_series)" title="Kiss Me First (TV series)">Kiss Me First</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_(franchise)" title="The Matrix (franchise)">The Matrix</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Netrunner" title="Netrunner">Netrunner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One" title="Ready Player One">Ready Player One</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_Two" title="Ready Player Two">Ready Player Two</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snow_Crash" title="Snow Crash">Snow Crash</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhot" title="Superhot">Superhot</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhot:_Mind_Control_Delete" title="Superhot: Mind Control Delete">Mind Control Delete</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhuman_Samurai_Syber-Squad" title="Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad">Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/SSSS.Gridman" title="SSSS.Gridman">Gridman</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sword_Art_Online" title="Sword Art Online">Sword Art Online</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> Portals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Extended_reality" title="Category:Extended reality">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Augmented_reality" title="Category:Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mixed_reality" title="Category:Mixed reality">Mixed reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality" title="Category:Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metaverse" title="Category:Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spatial_computing" title="Category:Spatial computing">Spatial computing</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Extended_Reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Extended Reality">Commons</a> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Augmented_reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mixed_reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mixed reality">Mixed reality</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Metaverse" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&oldid=1279176608">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&oldid=1279176608</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photographic_lenses" title="Category:Photographic lenses">Photographic lenses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photographic_lens_designs" title="Category:Photographic lens designs">Photographic lens designs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pancake_lenses" title="Category:Pancake lenses">Pancake lenses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality" title="Category:Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_headsets" title="Category:Virtual reality headsets">Virtual reality headsets</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Incomplete_lists_from_February_2017" title="Category:Incomplete lists from February 2017">Incomplete lists from February 2017</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 March 2025, at 23:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pancake_lens&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pancake lens</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>2 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75687f9f4b-p422k","wgBackendResponseTime":187,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.425","walltime":"0.584","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2305,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":85591,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1676,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":63861,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 450.957 1 -total"," 27.70% 124.928 5 Template:Navbox"," 24.80% 111.826 1 Template:Extended_reality"," 20.44% 92.177 2 Template:Reflist"," 15.71% 70.829 2 Template:Cite_web"," 14.04% 63.335 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.91% 40.160 1 Template:Expand_list"," 7.95% 35.829 3 Template:Table_alignment"," 7.82% 35.276 2 Template:Pagetype"," 7.51% 33.881 21 Template:Convert"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.192","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6771146,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-8669bc5c8-crp47","timestamp":"20250318162622","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pancake lens","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pancake_lens","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3880577","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3880577","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-05-05T15:34:32Z","dateModified":"2025-03-06T23:57:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2e\/PentaxK7_7.jpg","headline":"wide-angle or flat lens in photography"}</script> </body> </html>